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<html> <head> <title>project</title></head> <body Background="437993.
jpg" Link="black" alink="green" vlink="Yellow"> <hr> <hr width=80% color="red"> <hr width=60%> <center>Heritage Sites Of India <hr width=60%> <hr width=80% color="red"> <hr> <a href="list.html">List Of Heritage Sites</a> | <a href="abot us.html">About Us</a> <hr><a href="page 18.html"><img src="220px-Sher_Shah_Suri_Tomb.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left top" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 16.html"><img src="Laghu_samrat_yantra.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="center top" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 13.html"><img src="Agra_Fort_Entrance_Gate.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right top" border=2 hspace=20></a> <h2> <a href="page 7.html"><img src="220px-El_Taj_Mahal-Agra_India0023.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> <a href="page 8.html"><img src="200px-Red_Fort_2.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right" border=2 hspace=20></a> A heritage site is a location designated by the governing body of a township, county, province, state or country as important to the cultural heritage of a community. The term usually refers to any non-moveable object with a specific location such as any preserved landscape containing <a href="page 11.html"><img src="300pxFatehput_Sikiri_Buland_Darwaza_gate_2010.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 9.html"><img src="Humayun's_Tomb_at_Delhi,.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right" border=2 hspace=20></a> important artifacts such as historic gardens, nature preserves, or archeological sites. The whole ensemble may be preserved separately as a historic site, landmark or national monument, but it may include multiple sites under various protection schemes grouped together such as fortifications or <a href="page 15.html"><img src="275pxChhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_(Victoria_Terminus).jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 10.html"><img src="79px-Closeup_of_upper_storeys_of_Qutb_Minar.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right" border=2 hspace=20></a>buildings situated along special roadways. Heritage sites are generally protected by the local town's protection agency but, for objects that are nationally or internationally protected, sometimes more than one agency is involved in their protection.</h1> <a href="page 12.html"><img src="200px-Mahabodhitemple.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left bottom" border=2 hspace=20>
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<html> <head> <title>Sher Shah Suri</title> </head> <body background="55062.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <center> <hr> <hr> <center><h1> Tomb of Sher Shah Suri </h1></center> <img src="220px-Sher_Shah_Suri_Tomb.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> The tomb of Sher Shah Suri is in the Sasaram town of Bihar state, India. The tomb was built in memory of Emperor Sher Shah Suri, a Pathan from Bihar who defeated the Mughal Empire and founded the Suri Empire in northern India. He died in an accidental gunpowder explosion in the fort of Kalinjar on 10th day of Rabi' al-awwal, A.H. 952 or 13 May 1545 AD. His tomb is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture, it was designed by the architect Aliwal Khan and built between 1540 and 1545, this red sandstone mausoleum (122 ft high), which stands in the middle of an artificial lake, which is nearly square, is known as the second Taj Mahal of India. The tomb stands at the centre of the lake on a square stone plinth with domed kiosks, chhatris at each of its corners, further there are stone banks and stepped moorings on all sides of the plinth, which is connected to the mainland through a wide stone bridge. The main tomb is built on octagonal plan, topped by a dome, 22-metre in span and surrounded ornamental domed kiosks which were once covered in coloured glazed tile work. The tomb was built during the reign of his son Islam Shah. An inscription dates its completion to August 16, 1545, three months after the death of Sher Shah <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 7.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>JM</title> </head> <body background="y1.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <center><h1> Jantar Mantar </h1></center> <img src="Laghu_samrat_yantra.jpg" height=350 width=350 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Sawai Jai Singh who was a Rajput king served Emperor Aurangzeb and later Mughals. The title of (King) and Sawai was bestowed on him by Emperor Mohammad Shah. Jai Singh II of Amber built his new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1734. It is also located in Ujjain and Mathura. It is modeled after the one that he had built at the Mughal capital of Delhi. He had constructed a total of five such facilities at different locations, including the ones at Delhi and Jaipur. The Jaipur observatory is the largest and best preserved of these. It has been inscribed on the World Heritage List as "an expression of the astronomical skills and cosmological concepts of the court of a scholarly prince at the end of the Mughal period".[1] Early restoration work was undertaken under the supervision of Major Arthur Garrett, a keen amateur astronomer, during his appointment as Assistant State Engineer for the Jaipur District.[2] The Jantar Mantar was made by Sawai Jai Singh as he was particularly interested in learning about the sky above his head. The observatory consists of fourteen major geometric devices for measuring time, predicting eclipses, tracking stars' location as the earth orbits around the sun, ascertaining the declinations of planets, and determining the celestial altitudes and related ephemerides. Each is a fixed and 'focused' tool. The Samrat Yantra, the largest instrument, is 90 feet (27 m) high, its shadow carefully plotted to tell the time of day. Its face is angled at 27 degrees, the latitude of Jaipur. The Hindu chhatri (small cupola) on top is used as a platform for announcing eclipses and the arrival of monsoons.<center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 17.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 15.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>Agra Fort</title> </head> <body background="7058.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <center><h1> Agra Fort </h1></center> <img src="120px-Agra_Fort_5.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=5 hspace=20> <img src="Agra_Fort_Entrance_Gate.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> Agra Fort, is a monument, Urdu a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 2.5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city. The present-day structure was built by the Mughals, though a fort had stood there since at least the 11th century. Agra Fort was originally a brick fort, held by the Hindu Sikarwar Rajputs. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar Lodi (14881517) was the first Sultan of Delhi who shifted to Agra and lived in the fort. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in the fort at 1517 and his son, Ibrahim Lodi, held it for nine years until he was defeated and killed at Panipat in 1526. Several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period. Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya who won Agra in 1553 and again 1556 defeating Akbar's army After the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, Mughals captured the fort and seized a vast treasure, including the diamond later known as the Koh-i-Noor. The victorious Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim and built a baoli (step well) in it. The emperor Humayun was crowned here in 1530. Humayun was defeated at Bilgram in 1540 by Sher Shah. The fort remained with Suris till 1555, when Humanyun recaptured it. The Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called 'Hemu', defeated Humanyun's army, led by Iskandar Khan Uzbek, and won Agra. Hemu got a huge booty from this fort and went on to capture Delhi from the Mughals. The Mughals under Akbar defeated King Hemu finally at the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556. Realizing the importance of its central situation, Akbar made it his capital and arrived in Agra in 1558. His historian, Abdul Fazal, recorded that this was a brick fort known as 'Badalgarh' . It was in a ruined condition and Akbar had it rebuilt with red sandstone from Barauli area in Rajasthan. Architects laid the foundation and it was built with bricks in the inner core with sandstone on external surfaces. Some 4,000 builders worked on it daily for eight years, completing it in 1573 <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%>
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<html> <head> <title>Taj Mahal</title> </head> <body background="s1.jpg" link="white" alink="green" vlink="white"> <center> <hr> <img src="858px-Panoramic_View_of_TajMahal.jpg" align="top" width=970 height=300> <center><h1> TAJ MAHAL </h1></center><hr> <img src="220px-El_Taj_Mahal-Agra_India0023.jpg" height=300 width=300 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> The Taj Mahal from Persian/Urdu: ultimately from Arabic, "crown of palaces", also "the Taj") is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". The Reserve is an excellent interspersion of the Dadars (flat hill tops), grassy expanses, dense forests and riverine forests. It is very rich in flora, largely due to the combination of landforms and soil types, apart from the moist character of the region. Taj Mahal is regarded by many as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements from Islamic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish and Indian architectural styles. <img src="220px-Tombs-in-crypt.jpg" height=200 width=250 align="right" border=2 hspace=20> In 1983, the Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. While the white domed marble mausoleum is the most familiar component of the Taj Mahal, it is actually an integrated complex of structures. The construction began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, employing thousands of artisans and craftsmen. The construction of the Taj Mahal was entrusted to a board of architects under imperial supervision, including Abd ul-Karim Ma'mur Khan, Makramat Khan, and Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Lahauri is generally considered to be the principal designer. In 1631, Shah Jahan, emperor during the Mughal empire's period of greatest prosperity, was grief-stricken when his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, a Persian princess, died during the birth of their 14th child, Gauhara Begum. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632. The court chronicles of Shah Jahan's grief illustrate the love story traditionally held as an inspiration for Taj Mahal. The principal mausoleum was completed in 1648 and the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later. Emperor Shah Jahan himself described the Taj in these words:"The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture. As the surface area changes the decorations are refined proportionally. The decorative elements were created by applying paint, stucco, stone inlays, or carvings. In line with the Islamic prohibition against the use of anthropomorphic forms, the decorative elements can be grouped into either calligraphy, abstract forms or vegetative motifs" <center> 
<marquee height=30 behavior="alternate"> TAJ MAHAL</marquee></center> <hr> <hr> <center><a href="page 8.html"> Next Page>>></a></center> <center><a href="project.html"> Homepage</a></center> <hr> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>Red Fort</title> </head> <body background="y1.jpg" link="white" alink="green" vlink="white"> <center> <hr> <marquee behavior=alternate><hr width=80% color=black></marquee> <hr width=60%><img src="Red_Fort_Delhi_by_alexfurr.jpg" align="top" width=970 height=300> <center><h1> RED FORT </h1></center> <img src="200px-Red_Fort_2.jpg" height=300 width=300 align="right" border=2 hspace=20> The Red Fort was the residence of the Mughal emperors of India for nearly 200 years, until 1857. Open to the public, it is located in the centre of Delhi and houses a number of museums. In addition to accommodating the emperors and their households, it was the ceremonial and political centre of Mughal government and the setting for events critically impacting the region. The Red Fort was built as the fortified palace of Shahjahanabad, capital of the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, in 1648. Named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone, it is adjacent to the older Salimgarh Fort, built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546. The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions, connected by a water channel known as the Stream of Paradise (Nahr-i-Behisht). The Red Fort is considered to represent the zenith of Mughal creativity under Shah Jahan. Although the palace was planned according to Islamic prototypes, each pavilion contains architectural elements typical of Mughal building, reflecting a fusion of Timurid, Persian and Hindu traditions. The Red Forts innovative architectural style (including its garden design) influenced later buildings and gardens in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir, Braj, Rohilkhand and elsewhere. With the Salimgarh Fort, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007 as part of the Red Fort Complex. <img src="250px-Red_Fort,_Delhi_by_alexfurr.jpg" height=200 width=200 align="right" border=2 hspace=20> Its English name, "Red Fort", is a translation of the Hindi Lal Quila deriving from its red-sandstone walls. As the residence of the imperial family, the fort was originally known as the "Blessed Fort" (Quila-iMubarak). <img src="Red_Fort_Delhi_1785.jpg" height=200 width=200 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> Shah Jahan commissioned the construction of the Red Fort in 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats surrounding most of the walls. Construction began in the sacred month of Muharram, on 13 May 1638.:01 Supervised by Shah Jahan, it was completed in 1648. Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are assymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort.:04 The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad (present-day Old Delhi). Its planning and aesthetics represent the zenith of Mughal creativity prevailing during Shah Jahan's reign. His successor Aurangzeb added the Pearl
Mosque to the emperor's private quarters, constructing barbicans in front of the two main gates to make the entrance to the palace more circuitous. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 9.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 7.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>fatehpur</title> </head> <body background="55062.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <hr width=80%> <img src="700px-Panoramic_vie_of_Fahpur_Sikri_Palace.jpg" height=300 width=970 align="top" border=2 hspace=20> <hr width=80%> <hr> <center><h1> Fatehpur Sikri</h1></center> <img src="300px-Fatehput_Sikiri_Buland_Darwaza_gate_2010.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> Municipal board in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city was founded in 1569 by the Mughal emperor Akbar, and served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1571 to 1585. After his military victories over Chittor and Ranthambore, Akbar decided to shift his capital from Agra to a new location 23 miles (37 km) W.S.W on the Sikri ridge, to honor the Sufi saint Salim Chishti. Here he commenced the construction of a planned walled city which took the next fifteen years in planning and construction of a series of royal palaces, harem, courts, a mosque, private quarters and other utility buildings. He named the city, Fatehabad, with Fateh, a word of Arabic origin in Persian, meaning "victorious." it was later called Fatehpur Sikri. It is at Fatehpur Sikri that the legends of Akbar and his famed courtiers, the nine jewels or Navaratnas, were born.[citation needed] Fatehpur Sikri is one of the best preserved collections of Mughal architecture in India. <img src="300px-Diwan-i-khas,_Fatehpur_Sikri,_India.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=2 hspace=20> According to contemporary historians, Akbar took a great interest in the building of Fatehpur Sikri and probably also dictated its architectural style. Seeking to revive the splendours of Persian court ceremonial made famous by his ancestor Timur, Akbar planned the complex on Persian principles. But the influences of his adopted land came through in the typically Indian embellishments. The easy availability of sandstone in the neighbouring areas of Fatehpur Sikri, also meant that all the buildings here were made of the red stone. The imperial Palace complex consists of a number of independent pavilions arranged in formal geometry on a piece of level ground, a pattern derived from Arab and central Asian tent encampments. In its entirety, the monuments at Fatehpur Sikri thus reflect the genius of Akbar in assimilating diverse regional architectural influences within a holistic style that was uniquely his own. The Imperial complex was abandoned in 1585, shortly after its completion, due to paucity of water and its proximity with the Rajputana areas in the NorthWest, which were increasingly in turmoil. Thus the capital was shifted to Lahore so that Akbar could have a base in the less stable part of the empire, before moving back Agra in 1598, where he had begun his reign as he shifted his focus to Deccan. In fact, he never returned to the city except for a brief period in 1601. In later Mughal history it was occupied for a short while by Mughal emperor, Muhammad Shah (r. 1719 -1748), and his regent, Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha, one of the Syed Brothers, was murdered here in
1720. Today much of the imperial complex which spread over nearly two mile long and one mile wide area is largely intact and resembles a ghost town. It is still surrounded by a five mile long wall built during its original construction, on three sides. However apart from the imperial buildings complex few other buildings stand in the area, which is mostly barren, except of ruins of the bazaars of the old city near the Naubat Khana, the 'drumhouse' entrance at Agra Road. The modern town lies at the western end of the complex, which was a municipality from 1865 to 1904, and later made a "notified area", and in 1901 had a population of 7,147. For a long time it was still known for its masons and stone carvers, though in Akbar time it was known and 'fabrics of hair' and 'silk-spinning'. The village of Sikri still exists nearby. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 12.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 10.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
s<html> <head> <title>Hemayun's tomb</title> </head> <body background="u1.jpg" link="white" alink="green" vlink="white"> <center> <hr> <hr width=80%> <center><h1> Humayun's Tomb </h1></center> <img src="Humayun's_Tomb_at_Delhi,.jpg" height=300 width=300 align="left" border=5 hspace=20> <img src="200px-Humayun-tomb.jpg" height=200 width=250 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> Humayun's tomb,Humayun ka Maqbara is the tomb of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's first wife Bega Begum (Haji Begum) in 1569-70, and designed by Mirak Mirza Ghiyas, a Persian architect chosen by Bega Begum. It was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, and is located in Nizamuddin East, Delhi, India, close to the Dina-panah citadel also known as Purana Qila (Old Fort), that Humayun founded in 1533. It was also the first structure to use red sandstone at such a scale The tomb was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1993, and since then has undergone extensive restoration work, which is complete. Besides the main tomb enclosure of Humayun, several smaller monuments dot the pathway leading up to it, from the main entrance in the West, including one that even predates the main tomb itself, by twenty years; it is the tomb complex of Isa Khan Niyazi, an Afghan noble in Sher Shah Suri's court of the Suri dynasty, who fought against the Mughals, constructed in 1547 CE. <img src="170pxHumayun's_cenotaph,_within_the_central_chamber_of_Humayun's_Tomb,_Delhi.jpg" height=200 width=200 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> The complex encompasses the main tomb of the Emperor Humayun, which houses the graves of Bega Begum herself, Hamida Begum, and also Dara Shikoh, great great grandson of Humayun and son of the later Emperor Shah Jahan, as well as numerous other subsequent Mughals, including Emperor Jahandar Shah, Farrukhsiyar, Rafi Ul-Darjat, Rafi Ud-Daulat and Alamgir II. It represented a leap in Mughal architecture, and together with its accomplished Charbagh garden, typical of Persian gardens, but never seen before in India, it set a precedent for subsequent Mughal architecture. It is seen as a clear departure from the fairly modest mausoleum of his father, the first Mughal Emperor, Babur, called Bagh-e Babur (Gardens of Babur) in Kabul (Afghanistan). Though the latter was the first Emperor to start the tradition of being buried in a paradise garden. Modelled on Gur-e Amir, the tomb of his ancestor and Asia's conqueror Timur in Samarkand, it created a precedent for future Mughal architecture of royal mausolea, which reached its zenith with the Taj Mahal, at Agra. The site was chosen on the banks of Yamuna river, due to its proximity to Nizamuddin Dargah, the mausoleum of the celebrated Sufi saint of Delhi, Nizamuddin Auliya, who was much revered by the rulers of Delhi, and whose residence, Chilla Nizamuddin Auliya lies just north-east of the tomb. In later Mughal history, the last Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar took refuge here, during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, along with three princes, and was
captured by Captain Hodson before being exiled to Rangoon. At the time of the Slave Dynasty this land was under the 'KiloKheri Fort' which was capital of Sultan Kequbad, son of Nasiruddin (12681287). <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 10.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 8.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>terminus</title> </head> <body background="u1.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <center><h1> Chatrpati Shivaji Terminus </h1></center> <img src="275px-Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_(Victoria_Terminus).jpg" height=350 width=350 align="right" border=6 hspace=20> Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus , formerly Victoria Terminus, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and historic railway station which serves as the headquarters of the Central Railways in Mumbai, India. Designed by Frederick William Stevens with influences from Victorian Italianate Gothic Revival architecture and traditional Mughal buildings, the station was built in 1887 in the Bori Bunder area of Bombay to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The new railway station was built on the location of the Bori Bunder Station[2] and is the busiest railway station in India,[3] serving as a terminal for both long-distance trains and commuter trains of the Mumbai Suburban Railway. The station's name was changed to its present one in March 1996 and it is now known simply as CST (or VT/CSTM). Bori Bunder (alternatively "Bori Bandar") was one of the areas along the Eastern shore line of Mumbai, India which was used as a storehouse for goods imported and exported from Mumbai. In the area's name, 'Bori' mean sack and 'Bandar' means port or haven (in Persian); So Bori Bunder literally means a place where sacks are stored. In the 1850s, the Great Indian Peninsular Railway built its railway terminus in this area and the station took its name as Bori Bunder. On 16 April 1853 the Great Indian Peninsula Railway operated the historic first passenger train in India from Bori Bunder to Thane covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), formally heralding the birth of the Indian Railways. The train between Bori Bunder and Thane was 57 minutes it was a distance of 35 km (22 mi) apart. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 16.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 14.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>Qutub minar and its monuments</title> </head> <body background="s1.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <center><h1> Qutub Minar and its Monuments </h1></center> <img src="220px-Qutab_Minar_mausoleum.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=5 hspace=20> The Qutub complex , also spelled Qutab or Qutub, is an array of monuments and buildings at Mehrauli in Delhi, India. The best-known structure in the complex is the Qutb Minar, built to celebrate the victory of Mohammed Ghori over Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan in 1192 AD, by his then viceroy, Qutb-uddin Aibak, who later became the first Sultan of Delhi of the Mamluk dynasty. After the death of the viceroy, the Minar was added upon by his successor Iltutmish (a.k.a. Altamash) and much later by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Tughlaq dynasty Sultan of Delhi in 1368 AD. <center><h2>History</h2></center> The complex initially housed a complex of twenty-seven ancient Hindu and Jain temples which were destroyed and their material used in the construction of the Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque or Dome of Islam later corrupted into Quwwat-ul Islam next to the Qutb Minar, in the Qutb complex, built on the ruins of Lal Kot Fort built by Tomar Rajput ruler, Anangpal in 739 AD and Qila-RaiPithora, Prithviraj Chauhan's city, the Rajput king, whom Ghori's Afghan armies had earlier defeated and killed, at the Second Battle of Tarain <h2>Quwwat-al-Islam Mosque</h2> <img src="pillar.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=5 hspace=20>The complex was added to by many subsequent rulers, including Firoz Shah Tughlaq and Ala ud din Khilji as well as the British. Other structures in the complex are the Qutb Minar, the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, the Alai Gate, the Alai Minar, the Iron pillar, and the tombs of Iltutmish, Alauddin Khilji and Imam Zamin, surrounded by Jain temple ruins. Today, the adjoining area spread over with a host of old monuments, including Balban's tomb, has been developed by Archeological Survey of India (ASI) as the Mehrauli Archaeological Park, and INTACH has restored some 40 monuments in the Park. It is also the venue of the annual 'Qutub Festival', held in NovemberDecember, where artists, musicians and dancers perform over three days. The Qutb Minar complex, with 3.9 million visitors, was India's most visited monument in 2006, ahead of the Taj Mahal, which drew about 2.5 million visitors. <h2>Iron Pillar</h2> <img src="pillar.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> The iron pillar is one of the worlds foremost metallurgical curiosities. The pillar, 7.21-metre high and weighing more than six tonnes, was originally erected by Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375414 AD) in front of a Vishnu Temple complex at Udayagiri around 402 AD, and later shifted by Aangpal in 10th century AD from Udaygiri to its present location. Anangpal built a Vishnu Temple here and wanted this pillar to be a part of that temple.
The estimated weight of the decorative bell of the pillar is 646 kg while the main body weighs 5865 kg thereby making the entire pillar weigh at 6,511 kg. The pillar bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script dating 4th century AD, which indicates that the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja, standard of god, on the hill known as Vishnupada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra, believed to Chandragupta II. A deep socket on the top of this ornate capital suggests that probably an image of Garuda was fixed into it, as common in such flagpoles. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 11.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 9.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>
<html> <head> <title>Mahabodhi Temple</title> </head> <body background="a1.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <center><h1> Mahabodhi Temple </h1></center> <img src="200px-Mahabodhitemple.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="center" border=5 hspace=20> The Mahabodhi Temple (Literally: "Great Awakening Temple"), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location where Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, is said to have attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya (located in Gaya district) is located about 96 km (60 mi) from Patna, Bihar state, India. <img src="mahabodhi temp 220px-Bodhgaya_3639641913_f4c5f73689_t mahabodhi temp.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> Next to the temple, on its western side, is the holy Bodhi tree. In the Pali Canon, the site is called Bodhimanda,[1] and the monastery there the Bodhimanda Vihara. The tallest tower is 55 metres (180 ft) tall. The Vault of Mahabodhi Temple is being coated with Gold plates weighing 290 kg by the Government of Thailand. These bottlenecks and remoteness of the large part of the Reserve act as a natural barrier for its protection but at the same time handicap management activities. The area was originally Reserved Forest and was declared as Wildlife Sanctuary in 1972 under Assam Forest Regulation. It was declared a National Park in 1983. In the same year, it was declared a Tiger Reserve under Project Tiger Scheme of the Government of India. An area of 177.425 sq. km. of Reserved Forest was added to the Tiger Reserve in 1986. Traditional accounts say that, around 530 BC, Siddhartha Gautama, a young prince who saw the suffering of the world and wanted to end it, reached the forested banks of Falgu River, near the city of Gaya, India. There he sat in meditation under a peepul tree (Ficus religiosa or Sacred Fig), which later became known as the Bodhi tree. According to Buddhist scriptures, after three days and three nights, Siddharta attained enlightenment and the answers that he had sought. In that location, Mahabodhi Temple was built by Emperor Ashoka in around 260 BC. The Bodhi tree at Bodhgaya is directly connected to the life of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama (566486 BCE), who attained enlightenment or perfect insight when he was meditating under an ancestor of this Pipal tree. The temple was built directly to the east of the Bodhi tree under which the Buddha spent his first week after attaining enlightenment (or its direct descendant in a line that continues to this day. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 13.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 11.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center>
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<html> <head> <title>khajur</title> </head> <body background="28183.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <hr width=80%> <center><h1> Khajuraho Group of Monuments </h1></center> <img src="220px-Khajuraho-Lakshmana_temple.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=2 hspace=20> <img src="220px-Khajuraho_Devi_Jagadambi_Temple_2010.jpg" height=200 width=250 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> The Khajuraho Group of Monuments in Khajuraho, a town in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, located in Chhatarpur District, about 620 kilometres (385 mi) southeast of New Delhi, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Khajuraho has the largest group of medieval Hindu and Jain temples, famous for their erotic sculptures. Between 950 and 1150, the Chandela monarchs built these temples when the Tantric tradition may have been accepted. In the days before the Mughal conquests, when boys lived in hermitages, following brahmacharya until they became men, they could learn about the world and prepare themselves to become householders through examining these sculptures and the worldly desires they depicted. The name Khajuraho, ancient "Kharjuravahaka", is derived from the Sanskrit words kharjura = date palm and vahaka = "one who carries". Locals living in the Khajuraho village always knew about and kept up the temples as best as they could. They were pointed out to the English in the late 19th century when the jungles had taken a toll on the monuments. In the 19th century, British engineer T.S. Burt arrived in the area, followed by General Alexander Cunningham. Cunningham put Khajuraho on the world map when he explored the site on behalf of the Archaeological Survey of India and described what he found in glowing terms. The Khajuraho Group of Monuments has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is considered to be one of the "seven wonders" of India. The temples are grouped into three geographical divisions: western, eastern and southern. <img src="160px-Lakshman_Temple_6.jpg" height=150 width=200 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> The Khajuraho temples are made of sandstone. The builders didn't use mortar: the stones were put together with mortise and tenon joints and they were held in place by gravity. This form of construction requires very precise joints. The columns and architraves were built with megaliths that weighed up to 20 tons. The Saraswati temple on the campus of the Birla Institute of Technology and Science in Pilani, India, is modeled after the Khajuraho temples. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 18.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 16.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%>
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<html> <head> <title>golkunda</title> </head> <body background="28183.jpg" link="white" alink="yellow" vlink="white"> <hr> <center><h1> Golkunda Fort </h1></center> <img src="220px-Golconda_032.jpg" height=250 width=250 border=5 align="left" hspace=20> <img src="220px-Golconda_011.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> Golkonda, also known as Golconda or Golla konda ("shepherd's hill"), a ruined city of Southern India and capital of ancient Golconda Sultanate (c.15181687), is situated 11 km west of Hyderabad. It is also a mandal of Hyderabad District. The region is universally famous for the mines that have produced the world's most famous and coveted gems, including The Hope Diamond, Idol's Eye, The Koh-i-Noor and Darya-i-Noor. <img src="220px-Gftopgolkonda.jpg" height=200 width=250 align="left" border=5 hspace=20> The most important builder of Golkonda was Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah Wali, the fourth Qutub king of the Qutub Shahi Dynasty. Ibrahim was following in the spirit of his ancestors, the Qutub Shahi kings, a great family of builders who had ruled the kingdom of Golkonda from 1512. Their first capital, the fortress citadel of Golkonda, was rebuilt for defense from invading Mughals from the north. They laid out Golkonda's splendid monuments, now in ruins, and designed an acoustical system by which a hand clap sounded at the fort's main gates, the grand portico, was heard at the top of the citadel, situated on a 300-foot (91 m) high granite hill. This is one of the fascinating features of the fort. They ruled over most of present day Andhra Pradesh before the British Raj. After transferring Northern Circars to the British, they ruled the Telangana region and some parts of present day Karnataka and Maharashtra. <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> <center><a href="page 15.html"> Next page >>> </a></center> <center><a href="page 13.html"> <<< Previous Page </a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </body> </html>

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