7 Ways To Prevent and Even Reverse Heart Disease With Nutrition

Object 1

Posted on: Monday, April 22nd 2013 at 2:00 pm Written By: Sayer Ji, Founder

Considering that heart disease is the #1 cause o death in the de!eloped "orld, anything that can pre!ent cardiac mortality, or slo" or e!en re!erse the cardio!ascular disease process, should #e o great interest to the general pu#lic$ %adly, millions o ol&s are una"are o the e'tensi!e #ody o #iomedical literature that e'ists supporting the use o natural compounds or pre!enting and e!en re!ersing heart disease$ (nstead, they spend #illions #uying highly to'ic cholesterol)lo"ering pharmaceuticals "ith known cardiotoxicity, among !! other "roven side e##ects, simply #ecause their doctor told them to do so$ %o, "ith this in mind, let*s loo& at the #iomedical literature itsel $

Three Natura$ Su%stances that Reduce the Risk o# Heart&Re$ated Death

'(e)a& Fatty *cids: +here is a ro#ust #ody o research indicating that the ris& o sudden cardiac death is reduced "hen consuming higher le!els o omega)3 atty acids$ ,oing all the "ay #ac& to 2002, the New England Journal of Medicine pu#lished a study titled, -Blood le!els o long)chain n)3 atty acids and the ris& o sudden death,- "hich ound -+he n)3 atty acids ound in ish are strongly associated "ith a reduced ris& o sudden death among men "ithout e!idence o prior cardio!ascular disease$- Another 2002 study, pu#lished in the .ournal Circulation, ound that /mega)3 atty acid supplementation reduces total mortality and sudden death in patients "ho ha!e already had a heart attac&$0i1 2or additional research, !ie" our dataset on the topic o '(e)a& #atty acids and the reduction o# cardiac (orta$ity$ (t should #e noted that the #est)selling cholesterol drug class &no"n as statins may actually reduce the e##ectiveness o# o(e)a& #ats at protecting the heart$ +his has #een o ered as an e'planation as to "hy ne"er research seems to sho" that consuming omega)3 ats does not lo"er the ris& o cardiac mortality$ +ita(in D: 3e!els o this essential compound ha!e #een ound to #e directly associated "ith the ris& o dying rom all causes$ Being in the lo"est 245 percent o !itamin 6 le!els is associated "ith a 275 increased rate o all)cause mortality$0ii1 (t has #een proposed that dou#ling glo#al !itamin 6 le!els could signi icantly reduce mortality$0iii1 8esearch pu#lished in the .ournal Clinical Endocrinology in 2009 con irmed that lo"er !itamin 6 le!els are

associated "ith increased all)cause mortality #ut also that the e ect is e!en more pronounced "ith cardio!ascular mortality$0i!1 +his inding "as con irmed the same year in the :ournal o the American ,eriatric %ociety, 0!1 and again in 2010 in the American :ournal o Clinical ;utrition$0!i1 ,a)nesiu(: (n a "orld gone mad o!er ta&ing inorganic calcium supplementation #or invented diseases such as T& score de#ined -osteo"enia- or -osteo"orosis,- despite their "ell)&no"n association "ith increased risk o# cardiac (orta$ity, magnesium*s role in protecting against heart disease cannot #e o!erstressed$ (t is "ell)&no"n that e!en the accelerated aging o the heart muscle e'perienced #y those in long s"ace #$i)ht is due to (a)nesiu( de#iciency$ (n 2010, the Journal of Biomedical Sciences reported that cardio!ascular ris&s are signi icantly lo"er in indi!iduals "ho e'crete higher le!els o magneiusm, indicating its protecti!e role$0!ii1 Another study pu#lished in the .ournal Atherosclerosis in 2011 ound that lo" serum magnesium concentrations predict cardio!ascular and all) cause mortality$0!iii1 8emem#er that "hen you are loo&ing to *supplement* your diet "ith magnesium go green$ Chlorophyll is green #ecause it has a magnesium atom at its center$ .a$e, or e'ample, is ar #etter a source o comple' nutrition than magnesium supplements$ But, ailing the culinary approach, magnesium supplements can #e highly e ecti!e at attaining a therapeutic and<or cardioprotecti!e dose$ 2or an additional list o compounds that may reduce cardiac mortality, including cocoa, tea, "ine and yes, e!en cho$estero$ itse$#, !ie" our Reduce /ardiac ,orta$ity page$

Four Natura$ /o("ounds Which ,ay 0nc$o) the *rteries

Po(e)ranate: this remar&a#le ruit has #een ound in a human clinical study to re!erse the carotid artery thic&ness =i$e$ #loc&age> #y up to 295 "ithin 1 year$ 0i'1 +here are a #road range o mechanisms that ha!e #een identi ied "hich may #e responsi#le or this e ect, including: 1> lo"ering #lood pressure 2> ighting in ection =pla?ue in arteries o ten contains #acteria and !iruses> 3> pre!enting cholesterol o'idation @> reducing in lammation$0'1 *r)inine: Preclinical and clinical research indicates that this amino acid not only pre!ents the progression o atherosclerosis #ut also re!erses pathologies associated "ith the process$ =see also: /$o))ed *rteries and *r)inine>$ /ne o the mechanisms in "hich it accomplishes this eat is #y increasing the production o nitric o'ide "hich is normally depressed in #lood !essels "here the inner lining has #een damaged =endothelium> resulting in dys unction$

1ar$ic: ;ot only has garlic #een ound to reduce a multitude o ris& actors associated "ith arteriosclerosis, the thic&ening and hardening o the arteries, #ut it also signi icantly reduces the ris& o heart attac& and stro&e$0'i1 (n !itro research has con irmed that garlic inhi#its arteriosclerotic pla?ue ormation$0'ii1 Aged garlic e'tract has also #een studied to inhi#it the progression o coronary artery calci ication in patients recei!ing statin therapy$0'iii1 And let us not orget, garlic*s #ene its are e'tremely #road$ We ha!e identi ied o!er 140 diseases that this remar&a#le culinary and medicinal her# has #een con irmed to #e o potential !alue in treating and pre!enting and "hich can #e !ie"ed here: 1ar$ic Hea$th 2ene#its$ 2&/o("$ex: /ne o the e" !itamin categories that has #een con irmed in human studies to not only reduce the progression o pla?ue #uildup in the arteries #ut actually re!erse it is B)comple'$ A 2009 study pu#lished in the .ournal Stroke ound that high dose B)comple' !itamin supplementation signi icantly reduces the progression o early)stage su#clinical atherosclerosis in healthy indi!iduals$0'i!1 More remar&a#ly, a 2004 study pu#lished in the .ournal Atherosclerosis ound a B)!itamin ormula decreased the carotid artery thic&ness in patients at ris& or cere#ral ischemia$0'!1 Another possi#le e'planation or these positi!e e ects is the role B)!itamins ha!e in reducing the production o homocysteine, an artery and other"ise #lood !essel scarring amino acid$0'!i1

7 Ways To Prevent and Even Reverse Heart Disease With Nutrition & Pa)e 3
Posted on: Monday, April 22nd 2013 Sayer Ji, Founder

2or additional research on artery unclogging su#stances !isit our page dedicated to the topic 0nc$o))in) *rteries4

*dditiona$ Heart 0n#riend$y Thin)s To *void

;o discussion o pre!enting cardiac mortality "ould #e complete "ithout discussing things that need to #e remo!ed in order to reduce ris&, such as: NS*5Ds: 6rugs li&e as"irin, i#upro en, and +ylenol, ha!e "ell)&no"n association "ith increased cardiac mortality$ 8e!ie" si' studies on the topic here: NS*5D /ardiotoxicity$ Statin Dru)s: (t is the height o irony that the !ery category o drugs promoted to millions glo#ally as the standard o care or primary and secondary pre!ention o cardio!ascular disease and cardiac mortality are actually cardioto'ic

agents, lin&ed to no less than 300 ad!erse health e ects$ %tatin drugs ha!e de!astating health e ects$ A'plore the research here: Statin Dru) Hea$th E##ects$ Wheat: "hile this connection is rarely discussed, e!en #y those "ho promote grain) ree and "heat ree diets, "heat has pro ound cardioto'ic potential, along "ith o!er 200 documented ad!erse health e ects: Wheat Toxicity$ And "hy "ouldn*t it, "hen the !ery countries that eat the most o it ha!e the highest rate o cardio!ascular disease and heart)related deathsB 2or an in)depth e'planation read our article: Wheat6s /ardiotoxicity7 *s Serious *s * Heart *ttack4 2inally, or additional research on the topic o heart health promoting strategies !isit our Cealth ,uide: Heart Hea$th$

Re#erences
0i1 8o#erto Marchioli, 2ederica BarDi, Alena Bom#a, Carmine Chie o, 6omenico 6i ,regorio, 8occo 6i Mascio, Maria ,raDia 2ranDosi, Anrico ,eraci, ,iacomo 3e!antesi, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, 3oredana Mantini, 8osa Maria Mar isi, , Mastrogiuseppe, ;icola Mininni, ,ian 3uigi ;icolosi, Massimo %antini, Carlo %ch"eiger, 3uigi +a!aDDi, ,ianni +ognoni, Corrado +ucci, 2ranco Ealagussa,$ Ear$y "rotection a)ainst sudden death %y n& "o$yunsaturated #atty acids a#ter (yocardia$ in#arction7 ti(e&course ana$ysis o# the resu$ts o# the 1ru""o 5ta$iano "er $o Studio de$$a So"ravviven8a ne$$65n#arto ,iocardico 915SS5:& Preven8ione4 Circulation$ 2002 Apr 23F104=17>:1G9H)903$ PM(6: 1199H2H@ 0ii1 Michal 3 Melamed, Arin 6 Michos, Wendy Post, Brad Astor$ 3;&hydroxyvita(in D $eve$s and the risk o# (orta$ity in the )enera$ "o"u$ation4 Arch (ntern Med$ 200G Aug 11F17G=14>:1729)3H$ PM(6: 1G7940H7 0iii1 W B ,rant$ *n esti(ate o# the )$o%a$ reduction in (orta$ity rates throu)h dou%$in) vita(in D $eve$s4 Aur : Clin ;utr$ 2011 :ul 7$ Apu# 2011 :ul 7$ PM(6: 21H31037 0i!1 %te an PilD, Carald 6o#nig, ,iel ;i.pels, 8o#ert : Ceine, Coen 6 A %tehou"er, Marie&e B %ni.der, 8o# M !an 6am, :ac?ueline M 6e&&er$ +ita(in D and (orta$ity in o$der (en and wo(en4 Clin Andocrinol =/' >$ 2009 ;o!FH1=4>:777)H2$ Apu# 2009 2e# 1G$ PM(6: 192272H2 0!1 Adit A ,inde, 8o#ert %cragg, 8o#ert % %ch"artD, Carlos A Camargo$ Pros"ective study o# seru( 3;& hydroxyvita(in D $eve$, cardiovascu$ar disease (orta$ity, and a$$&cause (orta$ity in o$der 04S4 adu$ts4 : Am ,eriatr %oc$ 2009 %epF4H=9>:1494)703$ Apu# 2009 :un 22$ PM(6: 194@9021 0!i1 Iarl MichaJlsson, :ohn A Baron, ,reta %nellman, 8ol ,ede#org, 3iisa By#erg, :ohan %undstrKm, 3ars Berglund, :ohan ArnlK!, Per Cellman, 8une Blomho , Alic.a Wol&, Cans ,armo, 3ars Colm#erg, CL&an Melhus$ P$as(a vita(in D and (orta$ity in o$der (en7 a co((unity&%ased "ros"ective cohort study4 Am : Clin ;utr$ 2010 /ctF92=@>:G@1)G$ Apu# 2010 Aug 1G$ PM(6: 20H20247 0!ii1 Mu&io Mamori, +a&ashi +aguchi, Cide&i Mori, Mari Mori$ <ow cardiovascu$ar risks in the (idd$e a)ed (a$es and #e(a$es excretin) )reater 3=&hour urinary taurine and (a)nesiu( in => WH'&/*RD5*/ study "o"u$ations in the wor$d4 : Biomed %ci$ 2010F1H %uppl 1:%21$ Apu# 2010 Aug 2@$ PM(6: 20G0@497 0!iii1 +horsten 8e elmann, +ill (ttermann, Marcus 6Krr, Cenry EKlD&e, Mar&us 8einthaler, Astrid Petersmann, %tephan B 2eli'$ <ow seru( (a)nesiu( concentrations "redict cardiovascu$ar and a$$& cause (orta$ity4 Atherosclerosis$ 2011 :un 12$ Apu# 2011 :un 12$ PM(6: 21H03723 0i'1 %ayer :i, 8esearch: Po(e)ranate ,ay Reverse 2$ocked *rteries 0'1 ,reenMed(n o$com, Po(e)ranate6s Hea$th 2ene#its 0'i1 , %iegel, A Walter, % Angel, A Walper, 2 Michel$ ?P$eiotro"ic e##ects o# )ar$ic@4 Wien Med Wochenschr$ 1999F1@9=G)10>:21H)2@$ PM(6: 10@G37G@ 0'ii1 ,Nnter %iegel, 2ran& Michel, Michael Ploch, Miguel 8odrOgueD, Martin Malmsten$ ?5nhi%ition o# arteriosc$erotic "$aAue deve$o"(ent %y )ar$ic@4 Wien Med Wochenschr$ 200@ ;o!F14@=21)22>:414)22$

PM(6: 1473G0H0 0'iii1 Matthe" : Budo , :unichiro +a&asu, 2erdinand 8 2lores, Muta&a ;iihara, Bin 3u, Ben.amin C 3au, 8o#ert + 8osen, Caruno#u Amagase$ 5nhi%itin) "ro)ression o# coronary ca$ci#ication usin) *)ed 1ar$ic Extract in "atients receivin) statin thera"y7 a "re$i(inary study4 Pre! Med$ 200@ ;o!F39=4>:9G4)91$ PM(6: 14@H4033 0'i!1 Co"ard ; Codis, Wendy : Mac&, 3aurie 6ustin, Peter 8 Mahrer, %tanley P ADen, 8o#ert 6etrano, :aco# %elhu#, Petar Alaupo!ic, Chao)ran 3iu, Ci)hua 3iu, :uliana C"ang, Alison , Wilco', 8o#ert C %elDer,$ Hi)h&dose 2 vita(in su""$e(entation and "ro)ression o# su%c$inica$ atherosc$erosis7 a rando(i8ed contro$$ed tria$4 %tro&e$ 2009 MarF@0=3>:H30)7$ Apu# 200G 6ec 31$ PM(6: 1911G2@3 0'!1 P"e +ill, Peter 8Khl, Almut :entsch, Cei&o +ill, Andreas MNller, Ilaus Bellstedt, 6ietmar PlonnQ, Corst % 2in&, 8Ndiger Eollandt, Plrich %li"&a, 2al&o C Cerrmann, Cenning Petermann, 8einer 8ieDler$ Decrease o# carotid inti(a&(edia thickness in "atients at risk to cere%ra$ ische(ia a#ter su""$e(entation with #o$ic acid, +ita(ins 2B and 2>34 Atherosclerosis$ 2004 :ulF1G1=1>:131)4$ Apu# 2004 2e# 17$ PM(6: 1493907@ 0'!i1 Claudio Maldonado, Chirag E %oni, ;athan 6 +odnem, %athnur Pushpa&umar, 6orothea 8osen#erger, %ri&anth ,i!!imani, :uan Eilla ane, %uresh C +yagi$ Hy"erho(ocysteine(ia and sudden cardiac death7 "otentia$ arrhyth(o)enic (echanis(s4 Curr Easc Pharmacol$ 2010 :anFG=1>:7@)H@$ PM(6: 19@G4933

%ayer :i is the ounder o ,reenMed(n o$com, an author, researcher, lecturer, and an ad!isory #oard mem#er o the ;ational Cealth 2ederation$ ,oogle Plus Pro ile$ Cis "ritings ha!e #een pu#lished and re erenced "idely in print and online, including, +ruthout, Mercola$com, ;e" Mor& +imes online, +he :ournal o ,luten %ensiti!ity, ;e" Mor& +imes and +he Well Being :ournal$ Ce ounded ,reenmedin o$com in 200G in order to pro!ide the "orld an open access, e!idence)#ased resource supporting natural and integrati!e modalities$ (t is "idely recogniDed as the most "idely re erenced health resource o its &ind$

/ardiac ,orta$ity

,e(%er Pa)e +iew Ena%$ed

+iew the Evidence7 *i$(ents 2ein) in the $owest Auarti$e o# vita(in D $eve$s is associated with a 3BC increased rate o# a$$&cause (orta$ity
/$ick here to read the entire a%stract

Pu%(ed Data : Arch (ntern Med$ 200G Aug 11F17G=14>:1729)3H$ PM(6: 1G7940H7 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Aug 11, 200G Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin 6 : CI=17G2> : AC=23G> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>, Eitamin 6 6e iciency : CI=@94> : AC=@4>

2ein) in the $owest Auarti$e o# vita(in D $eve$s is associated with a 3BC increased rate o# a$$&cause (orta$ity & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: 24)hydro'y!itamin 6 le!els and the ris& o mortality in the general population$ A#stract %ource: Arch (ntern Med$ 200G Aug 11F17G=14>:1729)3H$ PM(6: 1G7940H7 A#stract Author=s>: Michal 3 Melamed, Arin 6 Michos, Wendy Post, Brad Astor Article A iliation:

6i!ision o ;ephrology, 6epartment o Medicine, Al#ert Ainstein College o Medicine, 1300 Morris Par& A!e, Pllmann 714, Bron', ;M 10@71, P%A$ mmelamedRaecom$yu$edu A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: (n patients undergoing dialysis, therapy "ith calcitriol or paricalcitol or other !itamin 6 agents is associated "ith reduced mortality$ /#ser!ational data suggests that lo" 24)hydro'y!itamin 6 le!els =240/C16> are associated "ith dia#etes mellitus, hypertension, and cancers$ Co"e!er, "hether lo" serum 24=/C>6 le!els are associated "ith mortality in the general population is un&no"n$ MA+C/6%: We tested the association o lo" 24=/C>6 le!els "ith all)cause, cancer, and cardio!ascular disease =CE6> mortality in 13 331 nationally representati!e adults 20 years or older rom the +hird ;ational Cealth and ;utrition A'amination %ur!ey =;CA;A% (((> lin&ed mortality iles$ Participant !itamin 6 le!els "ere collected rom 19GG through 199@, and indi!iduals "ere passi!ely ollo"ed or mortality through 2000$ 8A%P3+%: (n cross)sectional multi!ariate analyses, increasing age, emale se', non"hite race<ethnicity, dia#etes, current smo&ing, and higher #ody mass inde' "ere all independently associated "ith higher odds o 24=/C>6 de iciency =lo"est ?uartile o 24=/C>6 le!el,S1H$G ng<m3 0to con!ert to nanomoles per liter, multiply #y 2$@971>, "hile greater physical acti!ity, !itamin 6 supplementation, and non"inter season "ere in!ersely associated$ 6uring a median G$H years o ollo")up, there "ere 1G07 deaths, including HHH rom CE6$ (n multi!ariate models =ad.usted or #aseline demographics, season, and traditional and no!el CE6 ris& actors>, compared "ith the highest ?uartile, #eing in the lo"est ?uartile =240/C16 le!elsS1H$G ng<m3> "as associated "ith a 275 increased rate o all)cause mortality =mortality rate ratio, 1$27F 945 C(, 1$0G)1$@7> and a population attri#uta#le ris& o 3$15$ +he ad.usted models o CE6 and cancer mortality re!ealed a higher ris&, "hich "as not statistically signi icant$ C/;C3P%(/;: +he lo"est ?uartile o 24=/C>6 le!el =S1H$G ng<m3> is independently associated "ith all)cause mortality in the general population$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Aug 11, 200G Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin 6 : CI=17G2> : AC=23G> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>, Eitamin 6 6e iciency : CI=@94> : AC=@4>

/ardiac (orta$ity is associated with $ow $eve$s o# o(e)a& and o(e)a&B #atty acids in the heart o# cadavers with a history o# coronary heart disease4
/$ick here to read the entire a%stract

Tota$ Nu(%er o# Su%stances 5ndexed & >BDE What is Cumulati!e Ino"ledgeB A33A B C 6 A 2 , C ( : I 3 M ; / P T 8 % + P E W U M V W

Su%stances Dis"$ay Pa)e

Su%stance Na(e 1GX),lycyrrhetinic Acid 2)Metho'yestradiol @)%hogaol 4)C+P =4)Cydro'ytryptophan> 4)hydro'ytryptamides 4)Methyltetrahydro olate =M+C2> 7)%hogaol H)epi)nemorosone H)Ieto 6CAA A#elmoschus moschatus Acacia ara#ica Acacia catechu Acai Acerola Acetic Acid Acetyl)l)carnitine Achillea ragrantissima Achyranthes Achyrocline alata Acorus calamus Adu&i #ean A rican Basil Agaricus BlaDei Agaricus #rasiliensis Ageratina Agosterol A Agrimony ACCC Ailanthus altissima A.uga A."ain A3A =Alpha)3inolenic Acid> Alanine Al#iDia gummi era Alchornea cordi olia Alcohol Alcoholic Be!erages Aleurone Al al a Algae Alisma Al&aline Water

/. 1 1 1 7@ 1 @2 1 1 20 2 30 3 2H 10 14 7H2 2 10 1 11 14 2 42 1@ 10 1 14 @G 2 3 @ @G 31 1 1 G2 110 2 20 3G 10 34

*/ DD 1 1 1 9 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 3 H H 2 3G 2 1 1 7 4 1 12 3 1 1 12 1H 1 2 3 G @ 1 1 9 2@ 2 7 14 1 11

/. Allicin @92 Allomelanins 1 Allspice H Almond 10H Alnus pendula 1 Aloe !ahom#e 2 Aloe Eera 201 Alpha Ietoglutarate 40 Alpha)Carotene 30 Alpha)3ipoic Acid 3G@ Alpha)naphtho la!one 2 Alpinia galanga 4 Alternanthera pungens 10 Amaranth 20 Amino Acids 100 Amino Acids: Branched Chain 12 Amla 2ruit 41 Amurensin , 4 Amygdalin H Anandamide 2 Andrographis G1 Andrographolide 2 Anemarrhena asphodeloides 7 Angelica 7H Anise 29 Anthera'anthin 1 Anthocyanins 47 Anthurium schlechtendalii 2 Antineoplaston A3 3 Antineoplaston A4 3 Antineoplaston A%2)1 =@:1 mi'ture o phenylacetic acid and phenylacetylglutamine> 92 Antineoplaston A%2)4 1 Antineoplastons 13@ Antio'idant ormulas @GH Antio'idants: 2at %olu#le 1 Antrodia camphorata H Antrodia Camphorate 2 Antrodia cinnamomea 1 Apigenin H7 Apple Cider Einegar @ Apple Pectin 44 Apple Polyphenols @ Su%stance Na(e

*/ DD 20 1 4 14 1 1 @@ 4 3 G2 1 @ 1 G 17 2 2G 1 4 2 34 2 3 24 G 1 19 1 1 1 1 1 37 H3 1 @ 1 1 41 2 13 2

Su%stance Na(e Apple: ,olden 6elicious Apples Apricot Apricot Iernel Ara#ic gum Ara#inogalactan Ara#ino'ylans Arachidin)1 Arachidonic Acid Arachidonyl Athanolamide =AAA> Argan /il Argania spinosa =Argan> Arginine Ar.una Arnica Arro"root Pu%(ed Data : ;utr 8es$ 2009 /ctF29=10>:797)H0@$ PM(6: 1991H@@G *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : /ct 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks

/. 2 1H9 12 2 1@ 13 1 1 4 2 2 13 9H0 H9 1@7 10

*/ DD 2 4H 7 1 3 3 1 1 3 2 1 G 179 H 23 1

Su%stances : /mega)3 2atty Acids : CI=3333> : AC=319>, /mega)7 2atty Acids : CI=30> : AC=2> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

/ardiovascu$ar risks are si)ni#icant$y $ower in individua$s who excrete hi)her $eve$s o# (a)nesiu( and taurine, indicatin) their "rotective ro$es4
/$ick here to read the entire a%stract

/ardiovascu$ar risks are si)ni#icant$y $ower in individua$s who excrete hi)her $eve$s o# (a)nesiu( and taurine, indicatin) their "rotective ro$es4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle:

3o" cardio!ascular ris&s in the middle aged males and emales e'creting greater 2@)hour urinary taurine and magnesium in @1 WC/)CA86(AC study populations in the "orld$ A#stract %ource: : Biomed %ci$ 2010F1H %uppl 1:%21$ Apu# 2010 Aug 2@$ PM(6: 20G0@497 A#stract Author=s>: Mu&io Mamori, +a&ashi +aguchi, Cide&i Mori, Mari Mori Article A iliation: Mu&oga"a Women*s Pni!ersity (nstitute or World Cealth 6e!elopment, ;ishinomiya, Cyogo, 773G1@3, :apan$ yamoriRcardiacstudy$com A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: %ince taurine =+> administration "as pro!en to decrease #lood pressure =BP> and stro&e mortality in stro&e)prone spontaneously hypertension rates =%C8%P> in the 19G0*s and our WC/)coordinated CA86(AC =Cardio!ascular 6iseases and Alimentary Comparison> %tudy demonstrated that among 4 diet)related actors, namely total cholesterol =+)Cho>, #ody mass inde' =BM(>, sodium =;a>, magnesium =M>, and + to creatinine =Cr> ratio in 2@)hour urine =2@P>, #oth +<Cr and M<Cr "ere in!ersely related to coronary heart disease mortalities in males and emales and +<Cr "as in!ersely related to stro&e mortalities in males and emales$ We urther analyDed the associations o indi!idual +<Cr and M<Cr le!els to cardio!ascular ris&s in the present study$ MA+C/6: 2rom WC/)CA86(AC %tudy populations, 71 populations o 24 countries in the "orld, :apanese populations "ith o#!iously higher 2@P + e'cretion #ecause o their common ish eating custom and the other populations in "hich #oth data o + and M "ere not a!aila#le "ere e'cluded and the data o 3970 indi!iduals rom @1 WC/)CA86(AC %tudy populations "ere used or the ollo"ing analyses$ 8A%P3+%: +he means o 2@P +<Cr and M<Cr ratios in total indi!idual data "ere 739$@ and G2$G, respecti!ely$ +he a!erage o BM(, systolic and diastolic #lood pressure =%BP, 6BP>, +)Cho and atherogenic inde' =A(> in the indi!iduals "ith more than the means o +<Cr or M<Cr "ere signi icantly lo"er than those o indi!iduals "ith less than the means$ +he CA86(AC %tudy participants "ere di!ided into the ollo"ing @ groups #y these means: A =+<Cr and M<CrYor Z mean>, B =+<CrYor Z mean, M<Cror Z mean>, 6 =+<Cr and M<Cr *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2010 Pu%(ed Data : : Biomed %ci$ 2010F1H %uppl 1:%21$ Apu# 2010 Aug 2@$ PM(6: 20G0@497 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Magnesium : CI=G27> : AC=120>, +aurine : CI=1@4> : AC=33> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

Dietary su""$e(entation with o(e)a& #atty acids reduces the incidence o# sudden cardiac death in "atients with (yocardia$ in#arction4
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Pu%(ed Data : Ann Med$ 2009F@1=@>:301)10$ PM(6: 191@GG3G *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : /mega)3 2atty Acids : CI=3333> : AC=319> Diseases : Cardiac Arrest : CI=@0> : AC=2>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

Dietary su""$e(entation with o(e)a& #atty acids reduces the incidence o# sudden cardiac death in "atients with (yocardia$ in#arction4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Pre!ention o sudden cardiac death "ith omega)3 atty acids in patients "ith coronary heart disease: a meta) analysis o randomiDed controlled trials$ A#stract %ource: Ann Med$ 2009F@1=@>:301)10$ PM(6: 191@GG3G A#stract Author=s>: Mun)+ao Vhao, Tiang Chen, Ma)Uun %un, Uue)Bin 3i, Ping Vhang, Muan Uu, :i)Cong ,uo Article A iliation: 6epartment o Cardiology, Pe&ing Pni!ersity People*s Cospital, ;o$ 11 UiDhimen %outh %treet, Bei.ing, China$ A#stract: A(M: +o systematically re!ie" trials concerning the e ects o omega)3 atty acids on sudden cardiac death =%C6>, cardiac death, and all)cause mortality in coronary heart disease =CC6> patients$ MA+C/6%: Pu#Med, Am#ase, and the Cochrane data#ase =1977)200H> "ere searched$ We identi ied randomiDed controlled trials that compared dietary or supplementary inta&e o omega)3 atty acids "ith control diet or place#o in CC6 patients$ Aligi#le studies had at least 7 months o ollo")up data, and cited %C6 as an end)point$ +"o re!ie"ers independently assessed methodological ?uality$ Meta)analysis o relati!e ris& "as carried out using the random e ect model$ 8A%P3+%: Aight trials "ere identi ied, comprising 20,99H patients$ (n patients "ith prior myocardial in arction =M(>, omega)3 atty acids reduced relati!e ris& =88> o %C6 =88 Z 0$@3F 945 C(: 0$20)0$91>$ (n patients "ith

angina, omega)3 atty acids increased 88 o %C6 =88 Z 1$39F 945 C(: 1$01)1$92>$ /!erall, 88 or cardiac death and all)cause mortality "ere 0$H1 =945 C(: 0$40)1$00> and 0$HH =945 C(: 0$4G)1$01>, respecti!ely$ C/;C3P%(/;%: 6ietary supplementation "ith omega)3 atty acids reduces the incidence o sudden cardiac death in patients "ith M(, #ut may ha!e ad!erse e ects in angina patients$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : /mega)3 2atty Acids : CI=3333> : AC=319> Diseases : Cardiac Arrest : CI=@0> : AC=2>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

Dou%$in) )$o%a$ vita(in D $eve$s cou$d si)ni#icant$y reduce (orta$ity4

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Pu%(ed Data : Aur : Clin ;utr$ 2011 :ul 7$ Apu# 2011 :ul 7$ PM(6: 21H31037 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :ul 07, 2011 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin 6 : CI=17G2> : AC=23G> Diseases : A rican)American %peci ic 6e iciencies<6iseases : CI=200> : AC=19>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>, 8espiratory 6iseases : CI=1H@> : AC=29>, +u#erculosis : CI=244> : AC=@@>, Eitamin 6 6e iciency : CI=@94> : AC=@4> Thera"eutic *ctions : %unlight e'posure : CI=@32> : AC=39>

Dou%$in) )$o%a$ vita(in D $eve$s cou$d si)ni#icant$y reduce (orta$ity4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: An estimate o the glo#al reduction in mortality rates through dou#ling !itamin 6 le!els$ A#stract %ource: Aur : Clin ;utr$ 2011 :ul 7$ Apu# 2011 :ul 7$ PM(6: 21H31037 A#stract Author=s>: W B ,rant Article A iliation: %unlight, ;utrition, and Cealth 8esearch Center, %an 2rancisco, CA, P%A$ A#stract:

Bac&ground</#.ecti!es:+he goal o this "or& is to estimate the reduction in mortality rates or si' geopolitical regions o the "orld under the assumption that serum 24)hydro'y!itamin 6 =24=/C>6> le!els increase rom 4@ to 110[nmol<l$%u#.ects<Methods:+his study is #ased on interpretation o the .ournal literature relating to the e ects o solar ultra!iolet)B =PEB> and !itamin 6 in reducing the ris& o disease and estimates o the serum 24=/C>6 le!el) disease ris& relations or cancer, cardio!ascular disease =CE6> and respiratory in ections$ +he !itamin 6)sensiti!e diseases that account or more than hal o glo#al mortality rates are CE6, cancer, respiratory in ections, respiratory diseases, tu#erculosis and dia#etes mellitus$ Additional !itamin 6)sensiti!e diseases and conditions that account or 2 to 35 o glo#al mortality rates are AlDheimer*s disease, alls, meningitis, Par&inson*s disease, maternal sepsis, maternal hypertension =pre)eclampsia> and multiple sclerosis$ (ncreasing serum 24=/C>6 le!els rom 4@ to 110[nmol<l "ould reduce the !itamin 6)sensiti!e disease mortality rate #y an estimated 205$8esults:+he reduction in all)cause mortality rates range rom H$75 or A rican emales to 1H$35 or Auropean emales$ 8eductions or males a!erage 0$75 lo"er than or emales$ +he estimated increase in li e e'pectancy is 2 years or all si' regions$Conclusions:(ncreasing serum 24=/C>6 le!els is the most cost)e ecti!e "ay to reduce glo#al mortality rates, as the cost o !itamin 6 is !ery lo" and there are e" ad!erse e ects rom oral inta&e and<or re?uent moderate PEB irradiance "ith su icient #ody sur ace area e'posed$Auropean :ournal o Clinical ;utrition ad!ance online pu#lication, 7 :uly2011F doi:10$103G<e.cn$2011$7G$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :ul 07, 2011 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin 6 : CI=17G2> : AC=23G> Diseases : A rican)American %peci ic 6e iciencies<6iseases : CI=200> : AC=19>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>, 8espiratory 6iseases : CI=1H@> : AC=29>, +u#erculosis : CI=244> : AC=@@>, Eitamin 6 6e iciency : CI=@94> : AC=@4> Thera"eutic *ctions : %unlight e'posure : CI=@32> : AC=39>

Ex"osure to iso#$avone&containin) soy "roducts (ay i("rove endothe$ia$ #unction4

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Pu%(ed Data : ;utr Meta# Cardio!asc 6is$ 2010 Aug 1@$ Apu# 2010 Aug 1@$ PM(6: 20H09414 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Aug 1@, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : (so la!ones : CI=72H> : AC=12@>, phytoestrogens : CI=799> : AC=210>, %oy : CI=17GG> : AC=340>, %oy Protein : CI=230H> : AC=47> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Andothelial 6ys unction : CI=G9H> : AC=1H3>

Ex"osure to iso#$avone&containin) soy "roducts (ay i("rove endothe$ia$ #unction4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: A'posure to iso la!one)containing soy products and endothelial unction: A Bayesian meta)analysis o randomiDed controlled trials$ A#stract %ource: ;utr Meta# Cardio!asc 6is$ 2010 Aug 1@$ Apu# 2010 Aug 1@$ PM(6: 20H09414 A#stract Author=s>: 6 P Bea!ers, I M Bea!ers, M Miller, : %tamey, M : Messina Article A iliation: 6epartment o Biostatistical %ciences, Wa&e 2orest Pni!ersity %chool o Medicine, Winston)%alem, ;C, P%A$ A#stract: BACI,8/P;6 A;6 A(M%: +o determine "hether and to "hat degree e'posure to iso la!one)containing soy products a ects A2$ Andothelial dys unction has #een identi ied as an independent coronary heart disease ris& actor and a strong predictor o long)term cardio!ascular mor#idity and mortality$ 6ata on the e ects o e'posure to iso la!one)containing soy products on A2 are con licting$ MA+C/6% A;6 8A%P3+%: A comprehensi!e literature search "as conducted using the PPBMA6 data#ase =;ational 3i#rary o Medicine, Bethesda, M6> inclusi!ely through August 21, 2009 on 8C+s using the &ey"ords: soy, iso la!one, phytoestrogen, A2, lo" mediated !asodilation, and 2M6$ A Bayesian meta)analysis "as conducted to pro!ide a comprehensi!e account o the e ect o iso la!one)containing soy products on A2, as measured #y 2M6$ A total o 1H 8C+s "ere selected as ha!ing su icient data or study inclusion$ +he o!erall mean a#solute change in 2M6 =945 Bayesian C(> or iso la!one)containing soy product inter!entions "as 1$145 =)0$42, 2$H4>$ When the e ects o separate inter!entions "ere considered, the treatment e ect or isolated iso la!ones "as 1$9G5 =0$0H, 3$9H> compared to 0$H25 =)1$39, 2$90> or iso la!one)containing soy protein$ +he models "ere not impro!ed "hen considering study)speci ic e ects such as cu measurement location, prescri#ed dietary modi ication, and impaired #aseline 2M6$ C/;C3P%(/;%: Cumulati!e e!idence rom the 8C+s included in this meta)analysis indicates that e'posure to soy iso la!ones can modestly, #ut signi icantly, impro!e A2 as measured #y 2M6$ +here ore, e'posure to iso la!one supplements may #ene icially in luence !ascular health$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Aug 1@, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : (so la!ones : CI=72H> : AC=12@>, phytoestrogens : CI=799> : AC=210>, %oy : CI=17GG> : AC=340>, %oy Protein : CI=230H> : AC=47> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Andothelial 6ys unction : CI=G9H> : AC=1H3>

5ntensive )$ucose $owerin) treat(ent increases a$$ cause (orta$ity, cardiovascu$ar death, and (icrovascu$ar events in ty"e 3 dia%etes4
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Pu%(ed Data : BM:$ 2011 F3@3:d@179$ Apu# 2011 :ul 27$ PM(6: 21H91@94 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2011 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 6ia#etes Mellitus: +ype 2 : CI=340H> : AC=3@1>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Anti)dia#etic drugs : CI=22> : AC=2>

5ntensive )$ucose $owerin) treat(ent increases a$$ cause (orta$ity, cardiovascu$ar death, and (icrovascu$ar events in ty"e 3 dia%etes4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: A ect o intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment on all cause mortality, cardio!ascular death, and micro!ascular e!ents in type 2 dia#etes: meta)analysis o randomised controlled trials$ A#stract %ource: BM:$ 2011 F3@3:d@179$ Apu# 2011 :ul 27$ PM(6: 21H91@94 A#stract Author=s>: 8Qmy Boussageon, +heodora Be.an)Angoul!ant, Mitra %aadatian)Alahi, %andrine 3a ont, Claire Bergeonneau, BehrouD Iassa\, %yl!ie Arpeldinger, :ames M Wright, 2ran]ois ,uey ier, Catherine Cornu Article A iliation: 6epartment o ,eneral Medicine, Pni!ersitQ Claude Bernard 3yon 1, 3yon, 2rance$ A#stract: /B:AC+(EA: +o determine all cause mortality and deaths rom cardio!ascular e!ents related to intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment in people "ith type 2 dia#etes$ 6A%(,;: Meta)analysis o randomised controlled trials$ 6A+A %/P8CA%: Medline, Am#ase, and the Cochrane data#ase o systematic re!ie"s$ %+P6M %A3AC+(/;: 8andomised controlled trials that assessed the e ect o intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment on cardio!ascular e!ents and micro!ascular complications in adults =^ 1G years> "ith type 2 dia#etes$ 6A+A AU+8AC+(/;: Primary end points "ere all cause mortality and death rom cardio!ascular causes$ %econdary end points "ere se!ere hypoglycaemia and macro!ascular and micro!ascular e!ents$ %ynthesis o

results 8esults are reported as ris& ratios "ith 995 con idence inter!als$ %tatistical heterogeneity #et"een trials "as assessed "ith _=2>, `=2>, and (=2> statistics$ A i'ed e ect model "as used to assess the e ect on the outcomes o intensi!e glucose lo"ering !ersus standard treatment$ +he ?uality o clinical trials "as assessed #y the :adad score$ 8A%P3+%: 13 studies "ere included$ / 3@,433 patients, 1G,314 recei!ed intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment and 17,21G standard treatment$ (ntensi!e treatment did not signi icantly a ect all cause mortality =ris& ratio 1$0@, 995 con idence inter!al 0$91 to 1$19> or cardio!ascular death =1$11, 0$G7 to 1$@3>$ (ntensi!e therapy "as, ho"e!er, associated "ith reductions in the ris& o non) atal myocardial in arction =0$G4, 0$H@ to 0$97, PS0$001>, and microal#uminuria =0$90, 0$G4 to 0$97, PS0$001> #ut a more than t"o old increase in the ris& o se!ere hypoglycaemia =2$33, 21$72 to 3$37, PS0$001>$ /!er a treatment period o i!e years, 11H to 140 patients "ould need to #e treated to a!oid one myocardial in arction and 32 to 1@2 patients to a!oid one episode o microal#uminuria, "hereas one se!ere episode o hypoglycaemia "ould occur or e!ery 14 to 42 patients$ (n analysis restricted to high ?uality studies =:adad scoreY3>, intensi!e treatment "as not associated "ith any signi icant ris& o reductions #ut resulted in a @H5 increase in ris& o congesti!e heart ailure =PS0$001>$ C/;C3P%(/;%: +he o!erall results o this meta)analysis sho" limited #ene its o intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment on all cause mortality and deaths rom cardio!ascular causes$ We cannot e'clude a 95 reduction or a 195 increase in all cause mortality and a 1@5 reduction or a @35 increase in cardio!ascular death$ +he #ene it:ris& ratio o intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment in the pre!ention o macro!ascular and micro!ascular e!ents remains uncertain$ +he harm associated "ith se!ere hypoglycaemia might counter#alance the potential #ene it o intensi!e glucose lo"ering treatment$ More dou#le #lind randomised controlled trials are needed to esta#lish the #est therapeutic approach in people "ith type 2 dia#etes$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2011 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 6ia#etes Mellitus: +ype 2 : CI=340H> : AC=3@1>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Anti)dia#etic drugs : CI=22> : AC=2>

Nonsteroida$ antin#$a((atory dru)s increase cardiovascu$ar events in "atients a#ter hos"ita$i8ation #or serious coronary heart disease4
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Pu%(ed Data : Circ Cardio!asc Tual /utcomes$ 2009 MayF2=3>:144)73$ Apu# 2009 May 4$ PM(6: 20031G32 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : May 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Celeco'i# : CI=40> : AC=@>, 6iclo enac : CI=H2> : AC=H>, (#upro en : CI=172> : AC=19>, ;on)%teroidal Anti)(n lammatory 6rugs =;%A(6s> : CI=13G3> : AC=114>, 8o eco'i# : CI=70> : AC=4> *dverse Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioto'ic : CI=73G> : AC=H9>

Nonsteroida$ antin#$a((atory dru)s increase cardiovascu$ar events in "atients a#ter hos"ita$i8ation #or serious coronary heart disease4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Cardio!ascular ris&s o nonsteroidal antiin lammatory drugs in patients a ter hospitaliDation or serious coronary heart disease$ A#stract %ource: Circ Cardio!asc Tual /utcomes$ 2009 MayF2=3>:144)73$ Apu# 2009 May 4$ PM(6: 20031G32 A#stract Author=s>: Wayne A 8ay, Cristina Earas)3orenDo, Cecilia P Chung, :ordi Castellsague, Iatherine + Murray, C Michael %tein, :ames 8 6augherty, Patric& , Ar#ogast, 3uis A ,arcOa)8odrOgueD Article A iliation: 6epartment o Pre!enti!e Medicine, 6i!ision o Pharmacoepidemiology, Eander#ilt Pni!ersity %chool o Medicine, ;ash!ille, +;, P%A$ "ayne$rayR!ander#ilt$edu A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: +he cardio!ascular sa ety o indi!idual nonsteroidal antiin lammatory drugs =;%A(6s> is highly contro!ersial, particularly in persons "ith serious coronary heart disease$ MA+C/6% A;6 8A%P3+%: We conducted a multisite retrospecti!e cohort study o commonly used indi!idual ;%A(6s in +ennessee Medicaid, %as&atche"an Cealth, and Pnited Iingdom ,eneral Practice 8esearch data#ases$ +he cohort included @G477 patients recently hospitaliDed or myocardial in arction, re!asculariDation, or unsta#le angina pectoris "ith more than 111000 person)years o ollo")up$ ;apro'en users had the lo"est ad.usted rates o serious coronary heart disease =myocardial in arction, coronary heart disease death> and serious cardio!ascular disease =myocardial in arction, stro&e><death rom any cause, "ith respecti!e incidence rate ratios =relati!e to ;%A(6 nonusers> o 0$GG =945 C(, 0$77 to 1$1H> and 0$91 =0$HG to 1$07>$ 8is& did not increase "ith dosesYorZ1000 mg$ 8elati!e to ;%A(6 nonusers, serious coronary heart disease ris& increased "ith short term =S90 days> use or i#upro en =1$7H 01$09 to 2$4H1>, diclo enac =1$G7 01$1G 2$921>, celeco'i# =1$3H 00$97 1$9@1>, and ro eco'i# =1$@7 01$03 2$0H1>, #ut not napro'en =0$GG 00$40 1$441>$ relati!e napro'en, current users o had increased ris& serious coronary heart disease =1$@@ 2$141, p Z0$0H7> cardio!ascularYorZ1000 mg, serious coronary heart disease incidence rate ratios "ere increased or ro eco'i#Y24 mg =2$29 01$2@ to @$221, PZ0$00G> and celeco'i#Y200 mg =1$71 01$01 to 2$4H1, PZ0$0@7>$ C/;C3P%(/;%: (n patients recently hospitaliDed or serious coronary heart disease, napro'en had #etter cardio!ascular sa ety than did diclo enac, i#upro en, and higher doses o celeco'i# and ro eco'i#$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : May 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Celeco'i# : CI=40> : AC=@>, 6iclo enac : CI=H2> : AC=H>, (#upro en : CI=172> : AC=19>, ;on)%teroidal Anti)(n lammatory 6rugs =;%A(6s> : CI=13G3> : AC=114>, 8o eco'i# : CI=70> : AC=4> *dverse Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioto'ic : CI=73G> : AC=H9>

'(e)a& #atty acids su""$e(entation (ay resu$t in a (odest reduction in (orta$ity and restenosis4
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Pu%(ed Data : BMC Cardio!asc 6isord$ 2010F10:2@$ Apu# 2010 :un 3$ PM(6: 20424224 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : 2ish /il : CI=714> : AC=94>, /mega)3 2atty Acids : CI=3333> : AC=319> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 8estenosis : CI=@1> : AC=12>

'(e)a& #atty acids su""$e(entation (ay resu$t in a (odest reduction in (orta$ity and restenosis4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: /mega)3 atty acids in high)ris& cardio!ascular patients: a meta)analysis o randomiDed controlled trials$ A#stract %ource: BMC Cardio!asc 6isord$ 2010F10:2@$ Apu# 2010 :un 3$ PM(6: 20424224 A#stract Author=s>: Iristian B 2ilion, 2ouad Al Ihoury, Michael Bielins&i, (an %chiller, ;andini 6endu&uri, :ames M Brophy Article A iliation: 6epartment o Medicine, Mc,ill Pni!ersity, Montreal, Tue#ec, Canada$ A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: Multiple randomiDed controlled trials =8C+s> ha!e e'amined the cardio!ascular e ects o omega)3 atty acids and ha!e pro!ided une'plained con licting results$ A meta)analysis o these 8C+s to estimate e icacy and sa ety and potential sources o heterogeneity may #e help ul$ MA+C/6%: +he Cochrane li#rary, MA63(;A, and AMBA%A "ere systematically searched to identi y all inter!entional trials o omega)3 atty acids compared to place#o or usual diet in high)ris& cardio!ascular patients$ +he primary outcome "as all)cause mortality and secondary outcomes "ere coronary restenosis ollo"ing percutaneous coronary inter!ention and sa ety$ Meta)analyses "ere carried out using Bayesian random)e ects models, and heterogeneity "as e'amined using meta)regression$ 8A%P3+%: A total o 29 8C+s =n Z 34,1@@> met our inclusion criteria, "ith 24 reporting mortality and 1@ reporting restenosis$ /mega)3 atty acids "ere not associated "ith a statistically signi icant decreased mortality =relati!e ris& 0881 Z 0$GG, 945 Credi#le (nter!al 0Cr(1 Z 0$7@, 1$03> or "ith restenosis pre!ention =88 Z 0$G9, 945 Cr( Z 0$H2, 1$07>, though the pro#a#ility o some #ene it remains high =0$93 and 0$90, respecti!ely>$ Co"e!er in meta)regressions, there "as aY905 pro#a#ility that larger studies and those "ith longer ollo")up "ere associated "ith smaller #ene its$ ;o serious sa ety issues "ere identi ied$ C/;C3P%(/;%: Although not reaching con!entional statistical signi icance, the e!idence to date suggests that omega)3 atty acids

may result in a modest reduction in mortality and restenosis$ Co"e!er, caution must #e e'ercised in interpreting these #ene its as results "ere attenuated in higher ?uality studies, suggesting that #ias may #e at least partially responsi#le$ Additional high ?uality studies are re?uired to clari y the role o omega)3 atty acid supplementation or the secondary pre!ention o cardio!ascular disease$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : 2ish /il : CI=714> : AC=94>, /mega)3 2atty Acids : CI=3333> : AC=319> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 8estenosis : CI=@1> : AC=12>

Rosi)$ita8one was associated with a si)ni#icant increase in the risk o# (yocardia$ in#arction and with an increase in the risk o# death #ro( cardiovascu$ar causes4
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Pu%(ed Data : ; Angl : Med$ 200H :un 1@F347=2@>:2@4H)H1$ Apu# 200H May 21$ PM(6: 1H41HG43 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :un 1@, 200H Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 6ia#etes: Cardio!ascular (llness : CI=777> : AC=10@>, 6ia#etes Mellitus: +ype 2 : CI=340H> : AC=3@1>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : 8osiglitaDone =trade name A!andia> : CI=107> : AC=14> *dverse Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioto'ic : CI=73G> : AC=H9>

Rosi)$ita8one was associated with a si)ni#icant increase in the risk o# (yocardia$ in#arction and with an increase in the risk o# death #ro( cardiovascu$ar causes4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: A ect o rosiglitaDone on the ris& o myocardial in arction and death rom cardio!ascular causes$ A#stract %ource: ; Angl : Med$ 200H :un 1@F347=2@>:2@4H)H1$ Apu# 200H May 21$ PM(6: 1H41HG43

A#stract Author=s>: %te!en A ;issen, Iathy Wols&i Article A iliation: 6epartment o Cardio!ascular Medicine, Cle!eland Clinic, Cle!eland, /C @@194, P%A$ nissensRcc $org A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: 8osiglitaDone is "idely used to treat patients "ith type 2 dia#etes mellitus, #ut its e ect on cardio!ascular mor#idity and mortality has not #een determined$ MA+C/6%: We conducted searches o the pu#lished literature, the We# site o the 2ood and 6rug Administration, and a clinical)trials registry maintained #y the drug manu acturer =,la'o%mithIline>$ Criteria or inclusion in our meta)analysis included a study duration o more than 2@ "ee&s, the use o a randomiDed control group not recei!ing rosiglitaDone, and the a!aila#ility o outcome data or myocardial in arction and death rom cardio!ascular causes$ / 117 potentially rele!ant studies, @2 trials met the inclusion criteria$ We ta#ulated all occurrences o myocardial in arction and death rom cardio!ascular causes$ 8A%P3+%: 6ata "ere com#ined #y means o a i'ed)e ects model$ (n the @2 trials, the mean age o the su#.ects "as appro'imately 47 years, and the mean #aseline glycated hemoglo#in le!el "as appro'imately G$25$ (n the rosiglitaDone group, as compared "ith the control group, the odds ratio or myocardial in arction "as 1$@3 =945 con idence inter!al 0C(1, 1$03 to 1$9GF PZ0$03>, and the odds ratio or death rom cardio!ascular causes "as 1$7@ =945 C(, 0$9G to 2$H@F PZ0$07>$ C/;C3P%(/;%: 8osiglitaDone "as associated "ith a signi icant increase in the ris& o myocardial in arction and "ith an increase in the ris& o death rom cardio!ascular causes that had #orderline signi icance$ /ur study "as limited #y a lac& o access to original source data, "hich "ould ha!e ena#led time)to)e!ent analysis$ 6espite these limitations, patients and pro!iders should consider the potential or serious ad!erse cardio!ascular e ects o treatment "ith rosiglitaDone or type 2 dia#etes$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :un 1@, 200H Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 6ia#etes: Cardio!ascular (llness : CI=777> : AC=10@>, 6ia#etes Mellitus: +ype 2 : CI=340H> : AC=3@1>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : 8osiglitaDone =trade name A!andia> : CI=107> : AC=14> *dverse Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioto'ic : CI=73G> : AC=H9>

Te$evision viewin) ti(e is associated with increased risk o# a$$&cause and cardiovascu$ar (orta$ity4
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Pu%(ed Data : Circulation$ 2010 :an 27F121=3>:3G@)91$ Apu# 2010 :an 11$ PM(6: 20074170 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 27, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Mortality: All) Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44> *nti Thera"eutic *ctions : +ele!ision Eie"ing : CI=70> : AC=@>

Te$evision viewin) ti(e is associated with increased risk o# a$$&cause and cardiovascu$ar (orta$ity4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: +ele!ision !ie"ing time and mortality: the Australian 6ia#etes, /#esity and 3i estyle %tudy =Aus6ia#>$ A#stract %ource: Circulation$ 2010 :an 27F121=3>:3G@)91$ Apu# 2010 :an 11$ PM(6: 20074170 A#stract Author=s>: 6 W 6unstan, A 3 M Barr, , ; Cealy, : %almon, : A %ha", B Bal&au, 6 : Magliano, A : Cameron, P V Vimmet, ; /"en Article A iliation: Ba&er (6( Ceart and 6ia#etes (nstitute, 240 Iooyong 8d, Caul ield, Eictoria, Australia 3172$ da!id$dunstanR#a&eridi$edu$au A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: +ele!ision !ie"ing time, the predominant leisure)time sedentary #eha!ior, is associated "ith #iomar&ers o cardiometa#olic ris&, #ut its relationship "ith mortality has not #een studied$ We e'amined the associations o prolonged tele!ision !ie"ing time "ith all)cause, cardio!ascular disease =CE6>, cancer, and non) CE6<noncancer mortality in Australian adults$ MA+C/6% A;6 8A%P3+%: +ele!ision !ie"ing time in relation to su#se?uent all)cause, CE6, and cancer mortality =median ollo")up, 7$7 years> "as e'amined among GG00 adultsYor Z24 years o age in the Australian 6ia#etes, /#esity and 3i estyle %tudy =Aus6ia#>$ 6uring 4G 0GH person)years o ollo")up, there "ere 2G@ deaths =GH CE6 deaths, 124 cancer deaths>$ A ter ad.ustment or age, se', "aist circum erence, and e'ercise, the haDard ratios or each 1)hour increment in tele!ision !ie"ing time per day "ere 1$11 =945 con idence inter!al 0C(1, 1$03 to 1$20> or all)cause mortality, 1$1G =945 C(, 1$03 to 1$34> or CE6 mortality, and 1$09 =945 C(, 0$97 to 1$23> or cancer mortality$ Compared "ith a tele!ision !ie"ing time o S2 hYor Z2 toS@ hYor Z@ h<d$ 2or CE6 mortality, corresponding haDard ratios "ere 1$19 =945 C(, 0$H2 to 1$99> and 1$G0 =945 C(, 1$00 to 3$24>$ +he associations "ith #oth cancer mortality and non)CE6<noncancer mortality "ere not signi icant$ C/;C3P%(/;%: +ele!ision !ie"ing time "as associated "ith increased ris& o all)cause and CE6 mortality$ (n addition to the promotion o e'ercise, chronic disease pre!ention strategies could ocus on reducing sitting time, particularly prolonged tele!ision !ie"ing$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 27, 2010 Study Ty"e : Meta Analysis *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Mortality: All) Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44> *nti Thera"eutic *ctions : +ele!ision Eie"ing : CI=70> : AC=@>

*dherence to a ,editerranean&$ike dietary "attern reduced (orta$ity a(on) e$der$y (en4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Mediterranean and car#ohydrate)restricted diets and mortality among elderly men: a cohort study in %"eden$ A#stract %ource: Am : Clin ;utr$ 2010 /ctF92=@>:97H)H@$ Apu# 2010 %ep G$ PM(6: 20G2772H A#stract Author=s>: Per %.Kgren, Wul Bec&er, A!a Warens.K, Ari&a /lsson, 3iisa By#erg, (nga)Britt ,usta sson, Brita IarlstrKm, +ommy Cederholm Article A iliation: 6epartment o Pu#lic Cealth and Caring %ciences, %ection o Clinical ;utrition and Meta#olism, Pppsala Pni!ersity, Pppsala, %"eden$ per$s.ogrenRpu#care$uu$se A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: Comparati!e studies on dietary patterns and long)term mortality are sparse$ /B:AC+(EA: +he o#.ecti!e "as to e'amine the relations #et"een 10)y mortality and adherence to the World Cealth /rganiDation dietary guidelines 0Cealthy 6iet (ndicator =C6(>1, a Mediterranean)li&e diet, and a car#ohydrate)restricted =C8> diet in elderly %"edish men$ 6A%(,;: 6ietary ha#its "ere determined #y H)d dietary records in a population)#ased longitudinal study o 92@ %"edish men =age: H1a 1 y>$ +he C6( score =)1 to G points>, the Mediterranean 6iet %core =M6%F 0)G points>, and the C8 score =2)20 points> "ere calculated or each participant$ ;onade?uate reporters o energy inta&e "ere identi ied =n Z @13>$ Mortality "as registered during a median ollo")up o 10$2 y$ Co' proportional haDards regression, "ith multi!aria#le ad.ustments, "as used to determine the e ects o adherence to each dietary pattern$ 8A%P3+%: +"o hundred i teen and GG su#.ects died o all)cause and cardio!ascular disease, respecti!ely$ (n all indi!iduals, ris& relations to mortality or each %6 increment in the scores "ere o#ser!ed or only M6%, "ith an ad.usted haDard ratio =C8> o 0$G3 =945 C(: 0$H0, 0$99>$ Among ade?uate dietary reporters =n Z 411>, ad.usted C8s or each %6 increment in scores "ere enhanced or M6% =ie, 0$H1F 945 C(: 0$44, 0$92> or all)cause mortality and 0$73 =945 C(: 0$@2, 0$97> or cardio!ascular mortality$ Corresponding C8s or C8 diet score "ere 1$19 =945 C(: 0$9H, 1$@4> or all)cause mortality and 1$@@ =945 C(: 1$03, 2$02> or cardio!ascular mortality$ C/;C3P%(/;: Adherence to a Mediterranean)li&e dietary pattern reduced mortality, "hereas adherence to a C8 dietary pattern appeared to increase mortality in elderly %"edish men, especially "hen only ade?uate dietary reporters "ere considered$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : /ct 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H> Thera"eutic *ctions : 6ietary Modi ication: Mediterranean 6iet : CI=400> : AC=4G> *dditiona$ .eywords : 3o" Car# 6iet Pro#lems : CI=10> : AC=1>

*dherence to a ,editerranean&$ike dietary "attern reduced (orta$ity a(on) e$der$y (en4

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Pu%(ed Data : Am : Clin ;utr$ 2010 /ctF92=@>:97H)H@$ Apu# 2010 %ep G$ PM(6: 20G2772H *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : /ct 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H> Thera"eutic *ctions : 6ietary Modi ication: Mediterranean 6iet : CI=400> : AC=4G> *dditiona$ .eywords : 3o" Car# 6iet Pro#lems : CI=10> : AC=1>

*$thou)h statin dru)s decrease <D< cho$estero$ in end&sta)e kidney disease, their use does not $ower (or%idity or (orta$ity4
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Pu%(ed Data : Pharmacotherapy$ 2010 AugF30=G>:G23)9$ PM(6: 20743349 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Aug 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cemodialysis : CI=393> : AC=3G>, Iidney 6iseases : CI=@2@> : AC=H1>, 8enal 2ailure: Chronic : CI=304> : AC=1> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Ator!astatin : CI=@91> : AC=90>, 8osu!astatin : CI=7G> : AC=17>, %tatin 6rugs : CI=3979> : AC=@74>Although statin drugs decrease 363 cholesterol in end)stage &idney disease, their use does not lo"er mor#idity or mortality$ ) ,reenMed(n o %ummary A#stract +itle: A ects o lipid)lo"ering therapy on reduction o cardio!ascular e!ents in patients "ith end)stage renal disease re?uiring hemodialysis$ A#stract %ource: Pharmacotherapy$ 2010 AugF30=G>:G23)9$ PM(6: 20743349 A#stract Author=s>: :oel C Marrs, :oseph : %aseen Article A iliation: 1 6epartment o Clinical Pharmacy, %chool o Pharmacy, Pni!ersity o Colorado, Aurora, Colorado$ A#stract:

A#stract (n the general population, dyslipidemia is an esta#lished independent ris& actor or cardio!ascular disease$ (n patients "ith end)stage renal disease =A%86>, comor#id cardio!ascular disease is present at alarming rates, and those "ho re?uire hemodialysis and ha!e cardio!ascular disease continue to ha!e a high mortality rate$ 3ipid a#normalities associated "ith chronic &idney disease =CI6> !ary depending on the stage o disease =stages 1)4>, #ut lo")density lipoprotein cholesterol =363> has #een esta#lished as the primary lipid treatment target$ ,uidelines support an 363 le!el o less than 100 mg<dl in patients "ith all stages o CI6, e'cept "hen the triglyceride le!el is a#o!e 400 mg<dl$ As patients progress to stage 4 CI6 =A%86 "ith hemodialysis>, the high triglyceride, lo" high)density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased lipoprotein=a> le!els o the early stages #ecome more pronounced, "ith increases in small dense 363 particlesF ho"e!er, total cholesterol and 363 !alues remain normal or decrease$ (n patients undergoing hemodialysis, lipid a#normalities are dri!en #y an increase in hepatic secretion and delayed cata#olism o !ery lo")density lipoproteins, as "ell as a reduction in lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase$ Apidemiologic data support the role o cholesterol lo"ering as a means to lo"er cardio!ascular e!ents in the hemodialysis population$ We conducted a literature search o !arious data#ases =1977)%eptem#er 2009> to identi y rele!ant clinical trials that e!aluated the e icacy and sa ety o multiple lipid)lo"ering agents or the treatment o dyslipidemia in patients "ith A%86 re?uiring hemodialysis$ /nly those trials that used clinical primary end points o coronary heart disease =e$g$, cardio!ascular death, myocardial in arction, stro&e> "ere included in this re!ie"$ A!idence demonstrates that 3)hydro'y)3)methylglutaryl coenDyme A reductase inhi#itor =statin> therapy =i$e$, ator!astatin and rosu!astatin> signi icantly reduces surrogate cardio!ascular mar&ers, particularly 363, in patients "ith A%86 re?uiring hemodialysisF ho"e!er, no statin has pro!ed to reduce cardio!ascular mor#idity or mortality in this population$ +rials e!aluating omega)3 atty acids did not sho" signi icant reductions in 363 or cardio!ascular e!ents in this population$ Clinicians should appreciate these limitations "hen deciding "hether to continue lipid)lo"ering pharmacotherapy in these patients, depending on their o!erall cardio!ascular ris& assessment$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Aug 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cemodialysis : CI=393> : AC=3G>, Iidney 6iseases : CI=@2@> : AC=H1>, 8enal 2ailure: Chronic : CI=304> : AC=1> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Ator!astatin : CI=@91> : AC=90>, 8osu!astatin : CI=7G> : AC=17>, %tatin 6rugs : CI=3979> : AC=@74>

*(on) "atients with esta%$ished heart disease, (oderate consu("tion o# wine see(s to %e associated with $ower incidence o# cardiovascu$ar events and tota$ (orta$ity as co("ared with non drinkers4
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Pu%(ed Data : (nt : Cardiol$ 2011 :ul 4$ Apu# 2011 :ul 4$ PM(6: 21H3H172 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :ul 04, 2011 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks

Su%stances : 8ed Wine A'tract : CI=49> : AC=24>, Wine : CI=132> : AC=34> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Mortality: All) Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>

*(on) "atients with esta%$ished heart disease, (oderate consu("tion o# wine see(s to %e associated with $ower incidence o# cardiovascu$ar events and tota$ (orta$ity as co("ared with non drinkers4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Wine consumption and ris& o cardio!ascular e!ents a ter myocardial in arction: 8esults rom the ,(%%() Pre!enDione trial$ A#stract %ource: (nt : Cardiol$ 2011 :ul 4$ Apu# 2011 :ul 4$ PM(6: 21H3H172 A#stract Author=s>: ,iacomo 3e!antesi, 8osamaria Mar isi, 6ariush MoDa arian, Maria ,raDia 2ranDosi, Aldopietro Maggioni, ,ian 3uigi ;icolosi, Carlo %ch"eiger, Mariagiuseppina %illetta, 3uigi +a!aDDi, ,ianni +ognoni, 8o#erto Marchioli Article A iliation: 6epartment o Clinical Pharmacology and Apidemiology, ConsorDio Mario ;egri %ud, %anta Maria (m#aro, Chieti, (taly$ A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: +o e!aluate the association o "ine inta&e "ith incident cardio!ascular e!ents =CEA> and total mortality a ter myocardial in arction =M(>$ MA+C/6%: We used prospecti!ely ascertained in ormation among 11,2@G (talian patients "ith recent M( enrolled in the ,(%%()Pre!enDione +rial$ Psual "ine consumption has #een categorised as ne!er<almost ne!er, up to 0$43<day, andY0$43<day$ Multiple imputation "as used or missing !alues at #aseline and during ollo")up$ We assessed ad.udicated cumulati!e incidence o ma.or CEA during 3$4years o ollo")up and total mortality at long)term ollo")up =H$3years>, respecti!ely$ Multi!ariate Co' proportional haDards models "ere itted to estimate haDard ratios =C8> irst using data at #aseline and then updated using time)!arying co!ariates$ 8A%P3+%: 6uring 3H,021 person)years o ollo")up, 117G CEA occurred$ Moderate "ine inta&e at #aseline "as associated "ith signi icantly reduced ris& o CEA =ad.usted C8 0$GHF 945 C( 0$H7)0$99> as compared "ith non)drin&ers$ (n time)updated analyses, results "ere !irtually the same, though they "ere #arely statistically not signi icant =ad.usted C8 0$GGF 945 C( 0$HH)1$00>$ Wine inta&e "as associated "ith lo"er ris& o total mortality$ (n time)updated ad.usted analyses, patients "ith "ine consumption up to 0$43<day =C8 0$G3F 945 C( 0$H@)0$92> andY0$43<day =C8 0$HHF 945 C( 0$73)0$9@> had lo"er mortality compared "ith non)drin&ers =P or trendZ0$0003>$ C/;C3P%(/;%: Among patients "ith esta#lished heart disease, moderate consumption o "ine seems to #e associated "ith lo"er incidence o CEA and total mortality as compared "ith non drin&ers$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :ul 04, 2011 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : 8ed Wine A'tract : CI=49> : AC=24>, Wine : CI=132> : AC=34>

Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Mortality: All) Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>

*s"irin increases (orta$ity in dia%etic "atients without cardiovascu$ar disease4

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Pu%(ed Data : Pharmacoepidemiol 6rug %a $ 2009 6ecF1G=12>:11@3)9$ PM(6: 197H2G@1 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 6ec 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 6ia#etes: Cardio!ascular (llness : CI=777> : AC=10@> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Aspirin : CI=@H1> : AC=7@>

*s"irin increases (orta$ity in dia%etic "atients without cardiovascu$ar disease4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Aspirin increases mortality in dia#etic patients "ithout cardio!ascular disease: a %"edish record lin&age study$ A#stract %ource: Pharmacoepidemiol 6rug %a $ 2009 6ecF1G=12>:11@3)9$ PM(6: 197H2G@1 A#stract Author=s>: 3ennart Welin, 3ars Wilhelmsen, Arne B.Krn#erg, Anders /dQn Article A iliation: 6epartment o Medicine, 3id&Kping Cospital, 3id&Kping, %"eden$ lennart$'$"elinR!gregion$se A#stract: PP8P/%A: Aspirin is e ecti!e in secondary pre!ention o cardio!ascular disease$ +he results are less con!incing "hen aspirin is used or primary pre!ention e!en in high)ris& patients =i$e$, patients "ith dia#etes>$ We there ore analyDed the e ect o aspirin on mortality and serious #leeding in dia#etic patients "ith and "ithout cardio!ascular disease$ MA+C/6%: We per ormed a record lin&age study o the patient registry o the Ebstra ,Ktaland region in south)"estern %"eden, the %"edish mortality register and the %"edish register o dispensed drugs$ All dia#etic patients =n Z 4G @74> rom 1 :uly 2004 to 30 :une 2007 "ere ollo"ed up "ith respect to #leeding until 31 /cto#er 2007, and mortality until 31 6ecem#er 2007$ 8A%P3+%: When 19 con ounding actors =diseases and inter!entions> "ere assessed, aspirin signi icantly increased mortality in dia#etic patients "ithout cardio!ascular disease rom 1H5 =945 con idence inter!alF 945C(, 1)37> at age 40 years to 295 =17)@3> at age G4 years$ (n contrast aspirin tended to decrease mortality among elderly dia#etic patients "ith cardio!ascular disease$ +heoretical calculations indicated that aspirin caused 10H e'cess deaths among dia#etic patients "ithout cardio!ascular disease and pre!ented 17@ deaths among dia#etic patients "ith cardio!ascular disease$ Aspirin also increased the ris& o serious #leeding #y @75 =945C(, 22)H4> in dia#etic patients "ithout cardio!ascular disease #ut decreased the ris& among

those "ith cardio!ascular disease$ C/;C3P%(/;: Aspirin use in dia#etes patients "ithout cardio!ascular disease remains contro!ersial and current guidelines should#e re!ised until results rom ongoing large randomiDed controlled trials #ecome a!aila#le$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 6ec 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, 6ia#etes: Cardio!ascular (llness : CI=777> : AC=10@> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Aspirin : CI=@H1> : AC=7@>

*s"irin with or without chronic ora$ anticoa)u$ant treat(ent does not reduce (orta$ity or rein#arction, reduces stroke, %ut is associated with si)ni#icant$y (ore (aFor %$eedin)4
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Pu%(ed Data : Am : Med$ 2010 MarF123=3>:240)G$ PM(6: 20193G3@ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Mar 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Ceart Attac& : CI=249G> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Anticoagulants : CI=412> : AC=@3>, Antiplatelet 6rugs : CI=@0> : AC=@>, Aspirin : CI=@H1> : AC=7@>

*s"irin with or without chronic ora$ anticoa)u$ant treat(ent does not reduce (orta$ity or rein#arction, reduces stroke, %ut is associated with si)ni#icant$y (ore (aFor %$eedin)4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: 3ong)term e ect o chronic oral anticoagulation "ith "ar arin a ter acute myocardial in arction$ A#stract %ource: Am : Med$ 2010 MarF123=3>:240)G$ PM(6: 20193G3@ A#stract Author=s>: %alman A Ca?, :ohn 2 Ceitner, +errence : %acchi, %orin : Brener Article A iliation:

;e" Mor& Methodist Cospital, Broo&lyn, 11214, P%A$ A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: Antiplatelet therapy is the principal component o the antithrom#otic regimen a ter acute myocardial in arction$ (t remains unclear "hether additional chronic oral anticoagulation =/AC> impro!es outcomes$ We set out to e!aluate the ris& and #ene it o long)term /AC a ter myocardial in arction$ MA+C/6%: We pooled 10 randomiDed clinical trials comparing "ar arin)containing regimens =/AC> "ith or "ithout aspirin "ith non)/AC regimens "ith or "ithout aspirin =;o /AC> or patients "ith recent in arction$ +he primary endpoint "as all)cause mortality$ /ther endpoints included recurrent in arction, stro&e, and ma.or #leeding$ We calculated the odds ratio =/8> = i'ed e ect, /8S1 indicates #ene it or oac> death and other ischemic hemorrhagic complications at the longest inter!al o ollo")up a!aila#le$ results: among 2@,4@2 patients, 1@,072 "ere assigned to oac 10,@G0 no oac$ patients ollo"ed 3)73 months, G9,472 patient)years$ occurred in 2@2@ =9$95>, 12H9 11@4 group, or 0$9H =945 con idence 0ci1, 0$GG)1$04>, p Z$@3$ similarly, there "as e ect on recurrent in arction$ stro&e 4HG =2$@5>, 2H1 group 30H 0$H4 ci, 0$73)0$G9>,Y *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : Mar 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Ceart Attac& : CI=249G> : AC=11H> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Anticoagulants : CI=412> : AC=@3>, Antiplatelet 6rugs : CI=@0> : AC=@>, Aspirin : CI=@H1> : AC=7@>

2oth hi)h and $ow concentrations o# "$as(a 3;9'H:D are associated with e$evated risks o# overa$$ and cancer (orta$ity4 <ow concentrations are associated with cardiovascu$ar (orta$ity4
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Pu%(ed Data : Am : Clin ;utr$ 2010 /ctF92=@>:G@1)G$ Apu# 2010 Aug 1G$ PM(6: 20H20247 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : /ct 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin 6 : CI=17G2> : AC=23G> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Alderly: Age %peci ic 6iseases : CI=@@2> : AC=3H>, Cypertension : CI=2HG3> : AC=2H1>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44> *dditiona$ .eywords : +oo Much Eitamin 6 : CI=10> : AC=1>

2oth hi)h and $ow concentrations o# "$as(a 3;9'H:D are associated with e$evated risks o# overa$$ and cancer (orta$ity4 <ow concentrations are associated with cardiovascu$ar (orta$ity4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Plasma !itamin 6 and mortality in older men: a community)#ased prospecti!e cohort study$ A#stract %ource: Am : Clin ;utr$ 2010 /ctF92=@>:G@1)G$ Apu# 2010 Aug 1G$ PM(6: 20H20247 A#stract Author=s>: Iarl MichaJlsson, :ohn A Baron, ,reta %nellman, 8ol ,ede#org, 3iisa By#erg, :ohan %undstrKm, 3ars Berglund, :ohan ArnlK!, Per Cellman, 8une Blomho , Alic.a Wol&, Cans ,armo, 3ars Colm#erg, CL&an Melhus Article A iliation: 6epartment o %urgical %ciences and Pppsala Clinical 8esearch Center, Pppsala Pni!ersity, Pppsala, %"eden$ &arl$michaelssonRsurgsci$uu$se A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: Eitamin 6 status is &no"n to #e important or #one health #ut may also a ect the de!elopment o se!eral chronic diseases, including cancer and cardio!ascular diseases, "hich are 2 ma.or causes o death$ /B:AC+(EA: We aimed to e'amine ho" !itamin 6 status relates to o!erall and cause)speci ic mortality$ 6A%(,;: +he Pppsala 3ongitudinal %tudy o Adult Men, a community)#ased cohort o elderly men =mean age at #aseline: H1 yF n Z 119@>, "as used to in!estigate the association #et"een plasma 24)hydro'y!itamin 6 024=/C>61 and mortality$ +otal plasma 24=/C>6 "as determined "ith CP3C atmospheric pressure chemical ioniDation mass spectrometry$ Proportional haDards regression "as used to compute haDard ratios =C8s>$ 8A%P3+%: 6uring ollo") up =median: 12$H y>, 4G@ =@95> participants died$ +here "as a P)shaped association #et"een !itamin 6 concentrations and total mortality$ An appro'imately 405 higher total mortality rate "as o#ser!ed among men in the lo"est 105 =S@7 nmolY9G nmol<3> o plasma 24=/C>6 concentrations compared "ith intermediate concentrations$ Cancer mortality "as also higher at lo" plasma concentrations =multi!aria#le)ad.usted C8: 2$20F 945 C(: 1$@@, 3$3G> and at high concentrations =C8: 2$7@F 945 C(: 1$@7, @$HG>$ 2or cardio!ascular death, only lo" =C8: 1$G9F 945 C(: 1$21, 2$97> #ut not high =C8: 1$33F 945 C(: 0$79, 2$4@> concentrations indicated higher ris&$ C/;C3P%(/;%: Both high and lo" concentrations o plasma 24=/C>6 are associated "ith ele!ated ris&s o o!erall and cancer mortality$ 3o" concentrations are associated "ith cardio!ascular mortality$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : /ct 01, 2010 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin 6 : CI=17G2> : AC=23G> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Alderly: Age %peci ic 6iseases : CI=@@2> : AC=3H>, Cypertension : CI=2HG3> : AC=2H1>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44> *dditiona$ .eywords : +oo Much Eitamin 6 : CI=10> : AC=1>

/hoco$ate consu("tion was associated with $ower cardiac (orta$ity in a dose de"endent (anner in "atients #ree o# dia%etes survivin) their #irst heart attack4
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Pu%(ed Data : : (ntern Med$ 2009 %epF277=3>:2@G)4H$ PM(6: 19H1140@ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : %ep 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Ceart 2ailure : CI=H11> : AC=9H>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197> *dditiona$ .eywords : 8is& 8eduction : CI=1909> : AC=197>

/hoco$ate consu("tion was associated with $ower cardiac (orta$ity in a dose de"endent (anner in "atients #ree o# dia%etes survivin) their #irst heart attack4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Chocolate consumption and mortality ollo"ing a irst acute myocardial in arction: the %toc&holm Ceart Apidemiology Program$ A#stract %ource: : (ntern Med$ 2009 %epF277=3>:2@G)4H$ PM(6: 19H1140@ A#stract Author=s>: ( :ansD&y, I : Mu&amal, 8 3.ung, % Ahn!e, A Ahl#om, : Call?!ist Article A iliation: 6epartment o Pu#lic Cealth %ciences, Iarolins&a (nstitute, %toc&holm, %"eden$ imre$.ansD&yR&i$se A#stract: /B:AC+(EA%: +o assess the long)term e ects o chocolate consumption amongst patients "ith esta#lished coronary heart disease$ 6A%(,;: (n a population)#ased inception cohort study, "e ollo"ed 1179 non)dia#etic patients hospitaliDed "ith a con irmed irst acute myocardial in arction =AM(> #et"een 1992 and 199@ in %toc&holm County, %"eden, as part o the %toc&holm Ceart Apidemiology Program$ Participants sel )reported usual chocolate consumption o!er the preceding 12 months "ith a standardiDed ?uestionnaire distri#uted during hospitaliDation and under"ent a health e'amination 3 months a ter discharge$ Participants "ere ollo"ed or hospitaliDations and mortality "ith national registries or G years$ 8A%P3+%: Chocolate consumption had a strong in!erse association "ith cardiac mortality$ When compared "ith those ne!er eating chocolate, the multi!aria#le)

ad.usted haDard ratios "ere 0$H3 =945 con idence inter!al, 0$@1)1$31>, 0$47 =0$32)0$99> and 0$3@ =0$1H)0$H0> or those consuming chocolate less than once per month, up to once per "ee& and t"ice or more per "ee& respecti!ely$ Chocolate consumption generally had an in!erse #ut "ea& association "ith total mortality and non atal outcomes$ (n contrast, inta&e o other s"eets "as not associated "ith cardiac or total mortality$ C/;C3P%(/;%: Chocolate consumption "as associated "ith lo"er cardiac mortality in a dose dependent manner in patients ree o dia#etes sur!i!ing their irst AM($ Although our indings support increasing e!idence that chocolate is a rich source o #ene icial #ioacti!e compounds, con irmation o this strong in!erse relationship rom other o#ser!ational studies or large)scale, long)term, controlled randomiDed trials is needed$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : %ep 01, 2009 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Ceart 2ailure : CI=H11> : AC=9H>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197> *dditiona$ .eywords : 8is& 8eduction : CI=1909> : AC=197>

/$o"ido)re$ thera"y in the a%sence o# a $oadin) dose is associated with a si)ni#icant$y hi)her risk o# death or (yocardia$ in#arction4
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Pu%(ed Data : Miner!a Cardioangiol$ 200@ :unF42=3>:194)20G$ PM(6: 1419@9G1 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :un 01, 200@ Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Clopidogrel : CI=1H1> : AC=17>

/$o"ido)re$ thera"y in the a%sence o# a $oadin) dose is associated with a si)ni#icant$y hi)her risk o# death or (yocardia$ in#arction4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: (ncreased mortality a ter coronary stenting in patients treated "ith clopidogrel "ithout loading dose$ A!idence rom a meta)analysis$ A#stract %ource: Miner!a Cardioangiol$ 200@ :unF42=3>:194)20G$ PM(6: 1419@9G1 A#stract Author=s>:

, , 3 Biondi)Voccai, P Agostoni, 3 +esta, A A##ate, T Parisi, 2 BurDotta, C +rani, 8 Mongiardo, C Eassanelli, 3 M Biasucci Article A iliation: (nstitute o Cardiology, Caholic Pni!ersity, 8ome, (taly$ g#iondiDoccaiRtiscali$it A#stract: A(M: Clopidogrel is an esta#lished alternati!e to ticlopidine in addition to aspirin a ter coronary stenting #ecause o its hematologic sa ety, #ut its e icacy in comparison to ticlopidine is de#ated$ We thus systematically re!ie"ed randomiDed trials comparing clopidogrel !s ticlopidine a ter coronary stenting$ MA+C/6%: Medline =1<19G7) 10<2003>, BioMed Central, Central, Current Contents, 3(3AC% and m8C+ "ere searched$ 2i'ed)e ect relati!e ris&s =88 0945 C(1> "ere computed, and the primary end)point "as death$ Ceterogeneity tests and su#group analyses "ere per ormed according to loading !s non)loading clopidogrel scheme$ 8A%P3+%: 2i!e trials "ere retrie!ed =2 972 patients, a!erage ollo")up H$@ months>$ (n 3 studies #oth clopidogrel and ticlopidine "ere started "ith a loading dose, in 1 trial clopidogrel "as administered "ithout loading, and in 1 trial clopidogrel could #e administered "ith or "ithout loading$ /!erall analysis =p or heterogeneityZ0$12> sho"ed a non)signi icant trend to"ard increased mortality in patients treated "ith clopidogrel =3G<1 7@9 02$351> !s ticlopidine =22<1 313 01$H51, 88Z1$7@ 00$9@)2$G71, pZ0$0G0>$ A ter strati ication, clopidogrel "ith loading "as associated "ith non)signi icantly lo"er mortality rates than ticlopidine =9<949 00$951 !s 13<H9G 01$751, 88Z0$7G 00$29)1$731, pZ0$39>$ (nstead, clopidogrel "ithout any loading yielded a highly signi icantly 3) old increased ris& o death than ticlopidine =29<790 0@$251 !s 9<414 01$H51, 88Z2$9 01$@4)7$11, pZ0$0029>$ %imilar results "ere o#tained or the rate o death or non) atal myocardial in arction$ C/;C3P%(/;: +his meta)analysis suggests that clopidogrel treatment including a loading regimen is e?ui!alent or may e!en #e superior to ticlopidine a ter coronary stenting$ Co"e!er, current e!idence sho"s con!ersely that clopidogrel therapy in the a#sence o a loading dose is associated "ith a signi icantly higher ris& o death or myocardial in arction$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :un 01, 200@ Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137> Pro%$e( Su%stances : Clopidogrel : CI=1H1> : AC=17>

/ocoa intake is inverse$y associated with %$ood "ressure and >;&year cardiovascu$ar 9=7C reduction: and a$$&cause (orta$ity 9;!C reduction:4
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Pu%(ed Data : Arch (ntern Med$ 2007 2e# 2H F177=@>:@11)H$ PM(6: 17404270 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 2e# 2H, 2007 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Cypertension : CI=2HG3> : AC=2H1>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

/ocoa intake is inverse$y associated with %$ood "ressure and >;&year cardiovascu$ar 9=7C reduction: and a$$&cause (orta$ity 9;!C reduction:4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Cocoa inta&e, #lood pressure, and cardio!ascular mortality: the Vutphen Alderly %tudy$ A#stract %ource: Arch (ntern Med$ 2007 2e# 2H F177=@>:@11)H$ PM(6: 17404270 A#stract Author=s>: Brian Bui.sse, Adith : M 2es&ens, 2rans : Io&, 6aan Iromhout Article A iliation: Center or ;utrition and Cealth, ;ational (nstitute or Pu#lic Cealth and the An!ironment, Biltho!en, and 6i!ision o Cuman ;utrition, Wageningen Pni!ersity, Wageningen, the ;etherlands$ #rian$#ui.sseRri!m$nl A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: %mall, short)term, inter!ention studies indicate that cocoa)containing oods impro!e endothelial unction and reduce #lood pressure$ We studied "hether ha#itual cocoa inta&e "as cross)sectionally related to #lood pressure and prospecti!ely related "ith cardio!ascular mortality$ MA+C/6%: 6ata used "ere o @H0 elderly men participating in the Vutphen Alderly %tudy and ree o chronic diseases at #aseline$ Blood pressure "as measured at #aseline and 4 years later, and causes o death "ere ascertained during 14 years o ollo")up$ Ca#itual ood consumption "as assessed #y the cross)chec& dietary history method in 19G4, 1990, and 1994$ Cocoa inta&e "as estimated rom the consumption o cocoa)containing oods$ 8A%P3+%: /ne third o the men did not use cocoa at #aseline$ +he median cocoa inta&e among users "as 2$11 g<d$ A ter ad.ustment, the mean systolic #lood pressure in the highest tertile o cocoa inta&e "as 3$H mm Cg lo"er =945 con idence inter!al 0C(1, )H$1 to )0$3 mm CgF P Z $03 or trend> and the mean diastolic #lood pressure "as 2$1 mm Cg lo"er =945 C(, )@$0 to )0$2 mm CgF P Z $03 or trend> compared "ith the lo"est tertile$ 6uring ollo")up, 31@ men died, 142 o cardio!ascular diseases$ Compared "ith the lo"est tertile o cocoa inta&e, the ad.usted relati!e ris& or men in the highest tertile "as 0$40 =945 C(, 0$32)0$HGF P Z $00@ or trend> or cardio!ascular mortality and 0$43 =945 C(, 0$39)0$H2F PS$001> or all)cause mortality$ C/;C3P%(/;: (n a cohort o elderly men, cocoa inta&e is in!ersely associated "ith #lood pressure and 14)year cardio!ascular and all)cause mortality$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 2e# 2H, 2007 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Cypertension : CI=2HG3> : AC=2H1>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

/o##ee consu("tion (ay reduce the risk o# a$$&cause and cardiac (orta$ity4
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Pu%(ed Data : Ann (ntern Med$ 200G :un 1HF1@G=12>:90@)1@$ PM(6: 1G449G@1 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :un 1H, 200G Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Co ee : CI=@@2> : AC=74> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1> *dditiona$ .eywords : 8is& 8eduction : CI=1909> : AC=197>

/o##ee consu("tion (ay reduce the risk o# a$$&cause and cardiac (orta$ity4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: +he relationship o co ee consumption "ith mortality$ A#stract %ource: Ann (ntern Med$ 200G :un 1HF1@G=12>:90@)1@$ PM(6: 1G449G@1 A#stract Author=s>: Asther 3opeD),arcia, 8o# M !an 6am, +ricia M 3i, 2ernando 8odrigueD)Artale.o, 2ran& B Cu A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: Co ee consumption has #een lin&ed to !arious #ene icial and detrimental health e ects, #ut data on its relation "ith mortality are sparse$ /B:AC+(EA: +o assess the association #et"een co ee consumption and mortality rom cardio!ascular disease =CE6>, cancer, and all causes during 1G years o ollo")up in men and 2@ years o ollo")up in "omen$ 6A%(,;: %e')speci ic Co' proportional haDard models "ere used to in!estigate the association #et"een co ee consumption and incidence o all)cause and disease)speci ic mortality in a prospecti!e cohort study$ %A++(;,: Cealth Pro essionals 2ollo")up %tudy and ;urses* Cealth %tudy$ PA8+(C(PA;+%: @1,H37 men and G7,21@ "omen "ith no history o CE6 or cancer at #aseline$ MAA%P8AMA;+%: Co ee consumption "as assessed irst in 19G7 or men and in 19G0 or "omen and then e!ery 2 to @ years through 200@$ (n!estigators documented 7GGG deaths =20@9 due to CE6 and 2@91 due to cancer> among men and 11,094 deaths =237G due to CE6 and 4011 due to cancer> among "omen$ 8A%P3+%: A ter ad.ustment or age, smo&ing, and other CE6 and cancer ris& actors, the relati!e ris&s or all)cause mortality in men across categories o co ee consumption =S1 cup per month, 1 month to @ cups "ee&, 4 H 2 3 day, andYorZ7 cups per day> "ere 1$0, 1$0H =945 C(, 0$99 to 1$17>, 1$02 =C(, 0$94 to 1$11>, 0$9H =C(, 0$G9 to 1$04>, 0$93 =C(, 0$G1 to 1$0H>, and 0$G0 =C(, 0$72 to 1$0@>, respecti!ely =P or trend Z 0$00G>$ 2or "omen, the relati!e ris&s "ere 1$0, 0$9G =C(, 0$91 to 1$04>, 0$93 =C(, 0$GH to 0$9G>, 0$G2 =C(, 0$HH to 0$GH>, 0$H@ =C(, 0$7G to 0$G1>, and 0$G3 =C(, 0$H3 to 0$94>, respecti!ely =P or trendS0$001>$ +his in!erse association "as mainly due to a moderately reduced ris& or CE6 mortality and "as independent o ca eine inta&e$ By contrast, co ee consumption "as not statistically signi icantly associated "ith ris& or cancer death a ter ad.ustment or potential con ounders$ 6eca einated co ee consumption "as associated "ith a small reduction in all)cause and CE6 mortality$ 3(M(+A+(/;: Co ee consumption "as estimated rom sel )reportF thus, some measurement error is ine!ita#le$ C/;C3P%(/;: 8egular co ee consumption "as not associated "ith an increased

mortality rate in either men or "omen$ +he possi#ility o a modest #ene it o co ee consumption on all)cause and CE6 mortality needs to #e urther in!estigated$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :un 1H, 200G Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Co ee : CI=@@2> : AC=74> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1> *dditiona$ .eywords : 8is& 8eduction : CI=1909> : AC=197>

/oronary intervention #or "ersistent occ$usion a#ter (yocardia$ in#arction4 does not reduce the occurrence o# death, rein#arction, or heart #ai$ure, and there was a trend toward excess rein#arction durin) = years o# #o$$ow&u" in sta%$e "atients with occ$u
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Pu%(ed Data : ; Angl : Med$ 2007 6ec HF344=23>:2394)@0H$ Apu# 2007 ;o! 1@$ PM(6: 1H104H49 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 6ec 0H, 2007 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Angioplasty : CI=32> : AC=4>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Ceart 2ailure : CI=H11> : AC=9H>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> *nti Thera"eutic *ctions : Angioplasty : CI=@0> : AC=@>

/oronary intervention #or "ersistent occ$usion a#ter (yocardia$ in#arction4 does not reduce the occurrence o# death, rein#arction, or heart #ai$ure, and there was a trend toward excess rein#arction durin) = years o# #o$$ow&u" in sta%$e "atients with occ$u & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: Coronary inter!ention or persistent occlusion a ter myocardial in arction$ A#stract %ource:

; Angl : Med$ 2007 6ec HF344=23>:2394)@0H$ Apu# 2007 ;o! 1@$ PM(6: 1H104H49 A#stract Author=s>: :udith % Cochman, ,er!asio A 3amas, Christopher A Buller, Eladimir 6Da!i&, Carmony 8 8eynolds, %taci : A#rams&y, %andra 2orman, Witold 8uDyllo, Aldo P Maggioni, Car!ey White, Vygmunt %ado"s&i, Antonio C Car!alho, :amie M 8an&in, :ean P 8en&in, P ,a#riel %teg, Alice M Mascette, ,eorge %op&o, Matthias A P isterer, :onathan 3eor, Eiliam 2ridrich, 6aniel B Mar&, ,enell 3 Inatterud, Article A iliation: Cardio!ascular Clinical 8esearch Center, 3eon Charney 6i!ision o Cardiology, ;e" Mor& Pni!ersity %chool o Medicine, ;e" Mor& 10017, P%A$ A#stract: BACI,8/P;6: (t is unclear "hether sta#le, high)ris& patients "ith persistent total occlusion o the in arct) related coronary artery identi ied a ter the currently accepted period or myocardial sal!age has passed should undergo percutaneous coronary inter!ention =PC(> in addition to recei!ing optimal medical therapy to reduce the ris& o su#se?uent e!ents$ MA+C/6%: We conducted a randomiDed study in!ol!ing 2177 sta#le patients "ho had total occlusion o the in arct)related artery 3 to 2G days a ter myocardial in arction and "ho met a high)ris& criterion =an e.ection raction o S405 or pro'imal occlusion>$ / these patients, 10G2 "ere assigned to routine PC( and stenting "ith optimal medical therapy, and 10G@ "ere assigned to optimal medical therapy alone$ +he primary end point "as a composite o death, myocardial rein arction, or ;e" Mor& Ceart Association =;MCA> class (E heart ailure$ 8A%P3+%: +he @)year cumulati!e primary e!ent rate "as 1H$25 in the PC( group and 14$75 in the medical therapy group =haDard ratio or death, rein arction, or heart ailure in the PC( group as compared "ith the medical therapy group, 1$17F 945 con idence inter!al 0C(1, 0$92 to 1$@4F PZ0$20>$ 8ates o myocardial rein arction = atal and non atal> "ere H$05 and 4$35 in the t"o groups, respecti!ely =haDard ratio, 1$37F 945 C(, 0$92 to 2$00F PZ0$13>$ 8ates o non atal rein arction "ere 7$95 and 4$05, respecti!ely =haDard ratio, 1$@@F 945 C(, 0$97 to 2$17F PZ0$0G>F only si' rein arctions =0$75> "ere related to assigned PC( procedures$ 8ates o ;MCA class (E heart ailure =@$@5 !s$ @$45> and death =9$15 !s$ 9$@5> "ere similar$ +here "as no interaction #et"een treatment e ect and any su#group !aria#le =age, se', race or ethnic group, in arct)related artery, e.ection raction, dia#etes, Iillip class, and the time rom myocardial in arction to randomiDation>$ C/;C3P%(/;%: PC( did not reduce the occurrence o death, rein arction, or heart ailure, and there "as a trend to"ard e'cess rein arction during @ years o ollo")up in sta#le patients "ith occlusion o the in arct)related artery 3 to 2G days a ter myocardial in arction$ =Clinical+rials$go! num#er, ;C+0000@472 0Clinical+rials$go!1$>$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 6ec 0H, 2007 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Diseases : Angioplasty : CI=32> : AC=4>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Ceart 2ailure : CI=H11> : AC=9H>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> *nti Thera"eutic *ctions : Angioplasty : CI=@0> : AC=@>

Dietary intake o# (enaAuinone is associated with a reduced risk o# coronary heart disease, cardiac (orta$ity, aortic ca$ci#ication and a$$&cause (orta$ity4
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Pu%(ed Data : : ;utr$ 200@ ;o!F13@=11>:3100)4$ PM(6: 1441@2G2 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : ;o! 01, 200@ Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin I : CI=440> : AC=74>, Eitamin I2 : CI=2HH> : AC=32>, Eitamin I2: Mena?uinone)H : CI=GG> : AC=1@> Diseases : Aortic Calci ication : CI=1G0> : AC=H>, Arteriosclerosis : CI=214@> : AC=123>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

Dietary intake o# (enaAuinone is associated with a reduced risk o# coronary heart disease, cardiac (orta$ity, aortic ca$ci#ication and a$$&cause (orta$ity4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: 6ietary inta&e o mena?uinone is associated "ith a reduced ris& o coronary heart disease: the 8otterdam %tudy$ A#stract %ource: : ;utr$ 200@ ;o!F13@=11>:3100)4$ PM(6: 1441@2G2 A#stract Author=s>: :ohanna M ,elei.nse, Cees Eermeer, 6iederic& A ,ro##ee, 3eon : %churgers, Mar.o C : Inapen, (rene M !an der Meer, Al#ert Co man, :ac?ueline C M Witteman Article A iliation: 6epartment o ApidemiologycBiostatistics, Arasmus Medical Center 8otterdam, 8otterdam, +he ;etherlands$ A#stract: Eitamin I)dependent proteins, including matri' ,la)protein, ha!e #een sho"n to inhi#it !ascular calci ication$ Acti!ation o these proteins !ia car#o'ylation depends on the a!aila#ility o !itamin I$ We e'amined "hether dietary inta&e o phyllo?uinone =!itamin I)1> and mena?uinone =!itamin I)2> "ere related to aortic calci ication and coronary heart disease =CC6> in the population)#ased 8otterdam %tudy$ +he analysis included @G0H su#.ects "ith dietary data and no history o myocardial in arction at #aseline =1990)1993> "ho "ere ollo"ed until :anuary 1, 2000$ +he ris& o incident CC6, all)cause mortality, and aortic atherosclerosis "as studied in tertiles o energy) ad.usted !itamin I inta&e a ter ad.ustment or age, gender, BM(, smo&ing, dia#etes, education, and dietary actors$ +he relati!e ris& =88> o CC6 mortality "as reduced in the mid and upper tertiles o dietary mena?uinone

compared to the lo"er tertile 088 Z 0$H3 =945 C(: 0$@4, 1$1H> and 0$@3 =0$2@, 0$HH>, respecti!ely1$ (nta&e o mena?uinone "as also in!ersely related to all)cause mortality 088 Z 0$91 =0$H4, 1$09> and 0$H@ =0$49, 0$92>, respecti!ely1 and se!ere aortic calci ication 0odds ratio o 0$H1 =0$40, 1$00> and 0$@G =0$32, 0$H1>, respecti!ely1$ Phyllo?uinone inta&e "as not related to any o the outcomes$ +hese indings suggest that an ade?uate inta&e o mena?uinone could #e important or CC6 pre!ention$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : ;o! 01, 200@ Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : Eitamin I : CI=440> : AC=74>, Eitamin I2 : CI=2HH> : AC=32>, Eitamin I2: Mena?uinone)H : CI=GG> : AC=1@> Diseases : Aortic Calci ication : CI=1G0> : AC=H>, Arteriosclerosis : CI=214@> : AC=123>, Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>, Myocardial (n arction : CI=2732> : AC=11H> Phar(aco$o)ica$ *ctions : Cardioprotecti!e : CI=H02> : AC=197>

Fish at $east once "er week (ay reduce the risk o# sudden cardiac death in (en4
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Pu%(ed Data : :AMA$ 199G :an HF2H9=1>:23)G$ PM(6: 9@2@039 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 0H, 199G Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : 2ish : CI=2@1> : AC=21> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H> *dditiona$ .eywords : 8is& 8eduction : CI=1909> : AC=197>

Fish at $east once "er week (ay reduce the risk o# sudden cardiac death in (en4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: 2ish consumption and ris& o sudden cardiac death$ A#stract %ource: :AMA$ 199G :an HF2H9=1>:23)G$ PM(6: 9@2@039 A#stract Author=s>: C M Al#ert, C C Cenne&ens, C : /*6onnell, P A A.ani, E : Carey, W C Willett, : ; 8us&in, : A Manson A#stract:

C/;+AU+: 6ietary ish inta&e has #een associated "ith a reduced ris& o atal cardiac end points, #ut not "ith non atal end points$ 6ietary ish inta&e may ha!e a selecti!e #ene it on atal arrhythmias and there ore sudden cardiac death$ /B:AC+(EA: +o in!estigate prospecti!ely the association #et"een ish consumption and the ris& o sudden cardiac death$ 6A%(,;: Prospecti!e cohort study$ %A++(;,: +he P% Physicians* Cealth %tudy$ PA+(A;+%: A total o 20 441 P% male physicians @0 to G@ years o age and ree o myocardial in arction, cere#ro!ascular disease, and cancer at #aseline "ho completed an a##re!iated, semi?uantitati!e ood re?uency ?uestionnaire on ish consumption and "ere then ollo"ed up to 11 years$ MA(; /P+C/MA MAA%P8A: (ncidence o sudden cardiac death =death "ithin 1 hour o symptom onset> as ascertained #y hospital records and reports o ne't o &in$ 8A%P3+%: +here "ere 133 sudden deaths o!er the course o the study$ A ter controlling or age, randomiDed aspirin and #eta carotene assignment, and coronary ris& actors, dietary ish inta&e "as associated "ith a reduced ris& o sudden death, "ith an apparent threshold e ect at a consumption le!el o 1 ish meal per "ee& =P or trendZ$03>$ 2or men "ho consumed ish at least once per "ee&, the multi!ariate relati!e ris& o sudden death "as 0$@G =945 con idence inter!al, 0$2@)0$97F PZ$0@> compared "ith men "ho consumed ish less than monthly$ Astimated dietary n)3 atty acid inta&e rom sea ood also "as associated "ith a reduced ris& o sudden death #ut "ithout a signi icant trend across increasing categories o inta&e$ ;either dietary ish consumption nor n) 3 atty acid inta&e "as associated "ith a reduced ris& o total myocardial in arction, nonsudden cardiac death, or total cardio!ascular mortality$ Co"e!er, ish consumption "as associated "ith a signi icantly reduced ris& o total mortality$ C/;C3P%(/;: +hese prospecti!e data suggest that consumption o ish at least once per "ee& may reduce the ris& o sudden cardiac death in men$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : :an 0H, 199G Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : 2ish : CI=2@1> : AC=21> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H> *dditiona$ .eywords : 8is& 8eduction : CI=1909> : AC=197>

FreAuent nut consu("tion (ay o##er "ost(eno"ausa$ wo(en (odest "rotection a)ainst the risk o# death #ro( a$$ causes and coronary artery disease4
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Pu%(ed Data : ;utr Meta# Cardio!asc 6is$ 2001 6ecF11=7>:3H2)H$ PM(6: 12044H01 *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 6ec 01, 2001 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : ;uts : CI=423> : AC=H0> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>

FreAuent nut consu("tion (ay o##er "ost(eno"ausa$ wo(en (odest "rotection a)ainst the risk o# death #ro( a$$ causes and coronary artery disease4 & 1reen,ed5n#o Su((ary
A#stract +itle: 2re?uent nut inta&e and ris& o death rom coronary heart disease and all causes in postmenopausal "omen: the (o"a Women*s Cealth %tudy$ A#stract %ource: ;utr Meta# Cardio!asc 6is$ 2001 6ecF11=7>:3H2)H$ PM(6: 12044H01 A#stract Author=s>: : 3 Alls"orth, 3 C Iushi, A 8 2olsom Article A iliation: 6i!ision o Apidemiology, %chool o Pu#lic Cealth, Pni!ersity o Minnesota, 1300 %outh %econd %treet, %uite 300, Minneapolis, M; 44@4@)1014, P%A$ A#stract: BACI,8/P;6 A;6 A(M: 8ecent epidemiological studies suggest that there is an in!erse association #et"een the re?uent consumption o nuts and the ris& o coronary heart disease =CC6>, and clinical in!estigations suggest that diets high in nuts may reduce serum cholesterol le!els$ +his study assessed "hether the ris& o death due to CC6 and all causes is reduced in postmenopausal "omen "ho re?uently consume nuts$ MA+C/6% A;6 8A%P3+%: (n 19G7, 3@,111 postmenopausal "omen "ith no &no"n cardio!ascular disease reported the re?uency o their consumption o nuts and other oods, as "ell as other CC6 ris& actors$ 6uring appro'imately 12 years o ollo")up, 3H27 "omen died, 74H rom CC6$ A ter ad.ustment or multiple ris& actors or CC6 and dietary !aria#les, there "as an in!erse #ut not statistically signi icant association #et"een re?uent nut consumption =t"o or more 2G$4 g ser!ings per "ee& compared "ith less than one ser!ing per month> and death rom CC6 =relati!e ris& 0$G1F 945 con idence inter!al: 0$70)1$11>$ +here "as also a "ea& in!erse association #et"een re?uent nut inta&e and all)cause mortality =relati!e ris& 0$GGF 945 con idence inter!al: 0$HH)0$99, p or trend Z 0$0@H>$ C/;C3P%(/;%: 2re?uent nut consumption may o er postmenopausal "omen modest protection against the ris& o death rom all causes and CC6$ *rtic$e Pu%$ished Date : 6ec 01, 2001 Study Ty"e : Cuman %tudy *dditiona$ <inks Su%stances : ;uts : CI=423> : AC=H0> Diseases : Cardiac Mortality : CI=H03> : AC=7H>, Cardio!ascular 6iseases : CI=413G> : AC=7@1>, Coronary Artery 6isease : CI=1304> : AC=137>, Mortality: All)Cause : CI=7@@> : AC=44>

 Cealth ,uide: Ceart Cealth