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September 8, 2011
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6.003: Homework
Doing the homework is essential for understanding the content. where subject matter is/isnt learned equivalent to practice in sports or music
Weekly Homework Assignments Conventional Homework Problems plus Engineering Design Problems (Python/Matlab)
Open Oce Hours ! Stata Basement Mondays and Tuesdays, afternoons and early evenings
Firm Deadlines Homework must be submitted by the published due date Each student can submit one late homework assignment without penalty. Grades on other late assignments will be multiplied by 0.5 (unless excused by an Instructor, Dean, or Medical Ocial).
6.003 At-A-Glance
Tuesday Sep 6 Sep 13 Registration Day: No Classes L2: Discrete-Time Systems Wednesday R1: Continuous & Discrete Systems HW1 R3: Feedback, due Cycles, and Modes HW2 Student Holiday: due No Recitation HW3 R6: Z Transforms due EX4 Exam 1 No Recitation Thursday L1: Signals and Systems L3: Feedback, Cycles, and Modes L5: Laplace Transforms L7: Transform Properties L9: Frequency Response Friday R2: Dierence Equations R4: CT Systems R5: Laplace Transforms R7: Transform Properties R8: Convolution and Freq. Resp. R10: Feedback and Control R12: CT Feedback and Control R13: CT Fourier Series R15: CT Fourier Transform Veterans Day: No Recitation R17: Fourier Relations Thanksgiving: No-Recitation R20: Modulation Study Period Final Exams: No-Recitation nals
L4: CT Operator Sep 20 Representations Sep 27 L6: Z Transforms Oct 4 Oct 11 Oct 18 L8: Convolution; Impulse Response Columbus Day: No Lecture L11: DT Feedback and Control
HW5 L10: Bode R9: Bode Diagrams Diagrams due HW6 R11: CT Feedback due and Control Exam 2 HW7 No Recitation EX8 due R14: CT Fourier Series L12: CT Feedback and Control L14: CT Fourier Series L16: CT Fourier Transform L18: DT Fourier Transform L20: Fourier Relations Thanksgiving: No Lecture L23: Modulation L25: Applications of 6.003 Study Period: No Lecture
L13: CT Feedback Oct 25 and Control Nov 1 Nov 8 Nov 15 L15: CT Fourier Series L17: CT Fourier Transform L19: DT Fourier Transform
EX11 R18: Fourier due Transforms HW12 R19: Modulation due EX13 R21: Review EX13 R22: Review
signal in
system
signal out
y (t)
y (t)
Example: Tanks
r0 (t)
h1 (t) r1 (t)
sound out
sound in
sound in
sound out
10
sound out
11
sound out
sound in
E/M cell sound optic sound cell E/M tower tower in phone out ber phone
sound in
E/M cell optic cell E/M tower tower ber phone phone
sound out
Composite system
sound in
sound out
Component and composite systems have the same form, and are analyzed with same methods.
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r2 (t) t
sound in
sound out
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x(t)
x[n]
t 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Signals from physical systems often functions of continuous time. mass and spring leaky tank Signals from computation systems often functions of discrete time. state machines: given the current input and current state, what is the next output and next state.
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x(t)
x[n] = x(nT )
t 0T 2T 4T 6T 8T 10T 0 2 4 6 8 10
T = sampling interval
Important for computational manipulation of physical data. digital representations of audio signals (e.g., MP3) digital representations of images (e.g., JPEG)
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x[n]
x(t)
n 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2T 4T 6T 8T 10T
T = sampling interval
x[n]
x(t)
n 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2T 4T 6T 8T 10T
T = sampling interval
Check Yourself
Computer generated speech (by Robert Donovan) f (t)
Listen to the following four manipulated signals: f1 (t), f2 (t), f3 (t), f4 (t). How many of the following relations are true? f1 (t) = f (2t) f2 (t) = f (t) f3 (t) = f (2t) f4 (t) = 1 3 f (t)
19
Check Yourself
Computer generated speech (by Robert Donovan) f (t)
Listen to the following four manipulated signals: f1 (t), f2 (t), f3 (t), f4 (t). How many of the following relations are true? 2 f1 (t) = f (2t) f2 (t) = f (t) X f3 (t) = f (2t) X f4 (t) = 1 3 f (t)
20
Check Yourself
y
250
f (x, y )
250
250
250
y
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
f1 (x, y ) = f (2x, y ) ?
f3 (x, y ) = f (x 250, y ) ?
Check Yourself
y
250
y
250
y
250
y
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
f (x, y )
f1 (x, y ) = f (2x, y ) ?
x=0 f1 (0, y ) = f (0, y ) x = 250 f1 (250, y ) = f (500, y ) x=0 f2 (0, y ) = f (250, y ) x = 250 f2 (250, y ) = f (250, y ) x=0 f3 (0, y ) = f (250, y ) x = 250 f3 (250, y ) = f (500, y ) X X X
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Check Yourself
y
250
f (x, y )
250
250
250
y
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
f1 (x, y ) = f (2x, y ) ?
f3 (x, y ) = f (x 250, y ) ?
signal in
system
signal out
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r0 (t)
h1 (t)
r1 (t)
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Check Yourself
The holes in each of the following tanks have equal size. Which tank has the largest leak rate r1 (t)?
1. 2.
3.
4.
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Check Yourself
The holes in each of the following tanks have equal size. Which tank has the largest leak rate r1 (t)? 2
1. 2.
3.
4.
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r0 (t)
h1 (t)
r1 (t)
r1 (t) h1 (t)
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r0 (t)
h1 (t)
r1 (t)
r1 (t) h1 (t) dh1 (t) r0 (t) r1 (t) dt dr1 (t) r0 (t) r1 (t) dt
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Solve:
Check Yourself
30
Check Yourself
What are the dimensions of constant of proportionality C ? inverse time (to match dimensions of dt)
31
32
Check Yourself
1. 2.
3.
4.
33
Check Yourself
1. 2.
3.
4.
34
r1 (t)
time (seconds) 1 2 3
Explain the shape of this curve mathematically. Explain the shape of this curve physically.
35
r0 (t)
h1 (t)
Charge accumulates in a capacitor.
r1 (t)
ii C + v
io
i io dv = i i i io dt C
analogous to
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dh r0 r1 dt
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