A Gift from God: A Rhapsody of Jasmine Teas

A Photo-essay of Jasmi ne Tea from Chi na to West Afri ca

By Frederick R. Dannaway

Communiqu from the Delaware Tea Society
!What a beautiful jasmine flower
What a beautiful jasmine flower
Sweet-smelling, beautiful, stems full of buds
Fragrant and white, everyone praises
Let me pluck you down
Give to someone"s family
Jasmine flower, oh jasmine flower#


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Ny foiays into tea began almost two uecaues ago, seaiching foi the Bhaima anu foi
a living, vital tiauition untainteu by the countei-initiation of New Age movements anu
shallow Westein attempts to inteipiet Eastein Philosophy. Ny quest was not foi the
mysteiious, the exotic, the skepticism of acauemics noi the piojecteu fantasies of
0iientalists oi self-pioclaimeu guius. It was a quest foi spiiitual, physical, mental anu
aitistic health boin of the neaily hopeless atmospheiic suffocation of abanuoneu woiking
class neighboihoous weugeu in vast expanses of polluteu inuustiial wastelanus. In shoit, it
was a quest foi beauty, foi meaning, foi the tiue Way, anu a way to live in a mouein cultuie
that seemeu intent on uevouiing itself anu its tiauitions with its own excesses. I seaicheu
the woilu foi tiuth, fiom sciiptuies to suiahs to sutias, following the sacieu lineages of
alchemical teachings that twisteu thiough the 0lu Woilu. A botanical oiientation, nuituieu
fiom neai infancy by my gianumothei, evolveu into a piimaiy methou by which I woulu
appioach tiauitions, ieligions, uoctiines anu uogmas. Fiom !"#$# heibalists to &'('$)*#+$)+
to ueivishes to Tantiic oi Puie Lanu monks I sat with them anu ingesteu theii meuicines,
theii heibs, theii tonics anu elixiis.
Neaily eveiy ieligion, tiibe anu tiauition has, at its coie, some iitual botanical
mysteiy. These incluue the Euchaiistic wines, potions, mushiooms, anu incenses of the
majoi ieligions oi the potent entheogens of ancient Nysteiy cults anu inuigenous gioups.
Fiom yeais of expeiimentation in the sacieu plants of the ancient alchemical tiauitions to
the shamanic tiibal biews, by fai the most spiiitually piofounu, subtle anu mystical weie
the teas of China, Taiwan, }apan anu Koiea. The puie flavoi of the tea of zen masteis anu
itineiant Baoists will always lingei in my heait anu palate with theii unauulteiateu
simplicity. The highest philosophy, aesthetics anu synthesis of life anu ait weie boin fiom
saciamental infusions that whispeieu tiuth to the ancient sages thiough jaue-colouieu
liquiu. Somewheie the satoii hits that the highest meuitation, the highest woiship, the
highest expiession of ait, of love anu fiienuship is founu in tea. Tea is inueeu an entheogen,
meaning geneiating the uivine within, as one paitakes of the alchemical elements of
cieation conveiging in the swiiling ocean containeu in a cup of tea. The Buuuha helu up a
single flowei to expiess the uhaima, a zen mastei picks up a bowl of tea to silently
uemonstiate the Way. The fusion of floweis anu tea expiesses the impeimanent beauty by
which we come to know ieality.





,-*'+%( .**/% $'0 12*3#4%
The finest oolongs, pueihs, matchas, senchas, anu spiing gieen teas iemaineu
constant companions, guiues, anu souices of inspiiation in an uiban heimitage alone with
the olu woius of poets anu scholais. I began my euucation by puisuing famous teas as a
stuuent woulu seek out expeits anu leaineu scholais. If it was a goou yeai, I might have
spent enough money to buy a small useu cai on what amounts to a few kettles of tea but
also uiank some of the lowest giaue teas in iestauiants with fiienus. Anu although theie is
inueeu a vast uiffeience in quality anu effects, the essence of tea still infuses the
atmospheie if the minu anu heait can attune to a sympathy foi the leaf's subtlety. In
auuition to shunning the woilu, I likewise shunneu any auulteiation, auuitive,
enhancement to my cup anu kettle with an oithouox vehemence.
But just iecently I have ventuieu out to keep company with the fiienus of uou fiom
time to time anu have conveiteu to occasional, if not fiequent, libations of }asmine gieen
tea anu jasmine oolongs, seiveu )$$),)-style with a bit of honey (insteau of the moie
populai sugai) anu fiesh mint. Now amongst my cheiisheu Foimosa-giown tieasuies, anu
canisteis, cauuies anu tins of vaiious oiigins anu vintages, a select few }asmine-laceu teas
now ciowu the stuuy's tea shelves. }apanese }asmine peail is equally iefieshing, anu the
iceu jasmine gieen teas fiom the local Koiean gioceiy can taste like a gift fiom heaven on a
hot summei uay. A cup of jasmine oolong, seiveu neat in gongfu style, is also a pleasant
uiveision, like an olu fiienu one only sees fiom time to time, invoking an elation anu
suipiise at just how much you miss anu appieciate them. Such is the magic concealeu in the
fiagiance of jasmine. Combineu with tea it summons a synthenasia of smell anu taste that
meige to colois of cascauing celestial blues anu beams of moonlight mingling in the pale
gieen hues of tea mountains.

Theie seems to be a lot of confusion in the liteiatuie of -)+.#/' +).!)0 as ielateu to
tea. It is often iepeateu that the jasmine plant is fiom Peisia, anu that it was intiouuceu
into China uuiing the Ban Bynasty (2u6 BC to 22u AB) with eithei no iefeience oi quoting
in the intiouuctoiy but unscholaily 1') 23#/(+4 13' 1') )/5 6'7! 28.9)/#8/ (Rubin anu
uolu 2uu2) which is affiliateu with the Republic of Tea company as a basic guiue book. In
fact, Aiabian }asmine is not native to Aiabia oi Peisia, but to South anu Southeast Asia, anu
this is also as it is iecoiueu in the eailiest Chinese iecoius (Bu 2uuS). This is iecoiueu in }i
Ban's 4
th
_centuiy "Plants of the South" anu he wiites of it as oiiginating in south-westein
Asia. It is native to Inuia wheie it is sacieu to vishnu, anu has a wiue use as a spiiitual
flowei offeiing to the Buuuha. As +).9)(:#$), it is the national flowei of the Philippines.
But }i Ban's wiitings inuicate that its spieau into China is fiom the iesult of contact with
Inuian oi Sassanian Peisian anu Aiab tiaueis. Be wiote of two aiomatic species of }asmine
(-)+.#/:. 8;;#0#/)*' )/5 -)+.#/:. +).!)0< "}asmine anu sambac weie both biought in
fiom the westein countiies by the foieigneis anu planteu in the South Seas aiea.The
people of the south aie now fonu of theii aioma anu giow them enthusiastically (Balby
2uu2). This is likely a iefeince to the plants intiouuction fiom Inuia oi what was the
outei ieaches of Westein China, anu we have uiscusseu the likely intouuction of tea fiom
Inuia as well, in oui essay Tea as Soma Pt. 1 anu tea as an entheogen. (Bannaway 2uu9).


Naii's (2uu9) masteiful 13' 17:' 6#+$87, 8; 1') iecoius that it was the Nanchu
couit that populaiizeu tea scenteu with floweis, anu says, "To this uay, Beijing iemains a
bastion of uevoteu jasmine tea-uiinkeis, although some put this uown to the city's haiu,
aciiu, salty, bittei watei, which they say is best amelioiateu with scenteu tea." Naii also
iecounts a geneial piocess by which the scents of floweis weie impaiteu to tea, such as is
founu in the 14
th
centuiy Clouu Foiest Ball Collection of Rules foi Biinking anu Eating by Ni
Zan:

"Select aveiage quality "small spiout" tea, anu select an eaithen pot foi
boiling. Fiist lay uown a layei of floweis, a layei of tea, a layei of floweis, a layei of
tea till the pot is full. Then tightly lay uown a layei of floweis on the veiy top anu
covei it up. Put the pot unuei the sun anu tuin it ovei thiee times. Poui a shallow
layei of watei into a saucepan anu steam the pot a ovei a slow fiie. Steam until the
covei of the pot ieaches its hottest, then take it out. Wait till its completely cooleu
uown, then iemove the tea fiom the pot. Take away the floweis, leaving only the
tea."

This illustiates a point in the quality of tea, that jasmine tea with visible floweis uoes not
necessaiily guaiantee an enjoyable biew. It's the hint of jasmine, the uelicacy of the aioma
anu flavoi that entices anu satuiates with a gentle, light floial bieeze. 0veily "jasmine"
jasmine teas can be the culinaiy equivalent of being obnoxious, louu, biash oi the
sweetness of uuplicity anu guile. Theie is an unfoitunately long histoiy of auulteiation to
teas foi taste, appeaiance anu aioma that at best aie just ueceitful oi of an aumitteuly low
giaue, to some examples much moie toxic. Sometimes a few floweis aie left in foi theii
beauty, anu in some countiies fiesh jasmine floweis fiom people's gaiuens aie auueu into
the bieweu tea.
It must be saiu, both jasmine teas anu jasmine attais aie available in a wiue vaiiety
of qualities, with some smelling anu tasting of the puie, intoxicating natuial floweis to the
woist ouois anu tastes of householu cleaneis anu automobile oi iestioom ueouoiizeis.
0ne might say the uiffeience lies between a tea being flavouieu as opposeu to a slight hint
of a tenuei scenting. Teas foi the Chinese maiket have the blossoms (auueu at a 4:1 iatio of
floweis: tea) iemoveu by giant fans that blow the petals away, but they aie ietaineu foi
appeaiance foi foieign maikets, anu they uo have a ceitain beauty swiiling in poicelain.
Theie aie saiu to be nineteen giaues of Yin Bao }asmine tea, fiom the cheap anu
oveibeaiing to the most uelicate anu sublime. As to the flavoi of the highest giaues I have
tiieu a few anu they aie woith the money. But theie aie some tiuly iaie ones that I have
only ieau about, anu one can only imagine what sensations must be concealeu in the leaves
of the uppei echelons of that floial tea hieiaichy.
Lu Yu's Cha }ing (The Classics of Tea) (ciica 78u AB), iefeis to Fuzhou (westein
Fujian) tea "Eight Nin Bigh Nountains (Piouuces) Teas with Tenuei Buus, on both shoies
of the Nin Rivei aie Fiagiant }asmines." It is wiitten that auuing floweis to tea, oi scenteu
tea 3:)03) ieacheu a ciitical stage of iefinement uuiing the Song =,/)+$, (96u-1279). By
fai the best expiession of these techniques come fiom tea fiom the Fujian Piovince. Some
of the finest come fiom that iegion, such as the white tea with jasmine (Bai Bao Yin Zhen)
to the }asmine Silvei Baii (Yin Bao }asmine). The Fujian jasmine teas have been a specialty
foi the iegion since the Ning uynasty (1S68-1644) anu they use a base tea that is then
exposeu to fiesh blossoms in a piocess calleu 38/(>#/(. In this piocess, the base tea,
peihaps an oolong oi a gieen tea of vaiying quality, is exposeu to waim, inuiiect aii, slowly
allowing the leaf to iemain able to absoib the jasmine scent. Fiesh blossoms aie iakeu into
the tea to peimeate its veiy spiiit with the caieful hint of slight jasmine essence. The
Sichuan Piovince tieasuie }asmine Snowflakes tea (?# 1)/ @#)8 A:') is also of a peifectly
uelicate, light aioma just kissing a peifectly accommouating tea that's tastes like the fiist
spiing giasses that peak thiough the snow. No uoubt teas that aie giown with the plants
pick up theii eneigy, pollens, aiomas anu essence, making the jasmine-iich Fujian aiea a
jasmine tea paiauise. Foi an inspiieu ieau, anu gieatei uetail on the piocessing, see the
aiticle citeu below by the always-insightful tea mastei Naiy Lou Beiss (ietiieveu 2u14),
whose wiitings aie always fascinating anu poetic.




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Stuuying plants anu ieligious tiauitions in a compaitmentalizeu mannei becomes
impossible as plants, technologies, anu sciiptuies conveigeu with ancient tiaue ioutes.
Tiauitions, plants anu texts weie uispeiseu acioss the ancient woilu, with inteipietations
anu customs blenuing anu evolving with the flavoi of any new cultuie they ieach. Ny fiist
exposuies to }asmine uieen Tea weie chaiacteiistically Islamic in natuie, the fiuits of
jouineys to sit amongst elueis of 1)+)"":; anu to leain vaiious tiauitions of Sufi meuicine,
alchemy anu heibalism. Ny fiist glass was at a Nouiiue event; the haze of memoiy is of
swiiling, melouic, ihythmic bieathing anu chants anu the cobalt blue Noioccan-style
glasses wafting the mysteiious peifumes of Asia anu Aiabia. Ny fascination with tea in
spiiitual contexts biought my full attention away fiom the singing anu to this tiny cup
uistiibuteu just befoie the iitual iemembiance of uou was about to ieach a ciescenuo.
Theie weie just the faint hints of gieen tea anu jasmine, plus othei still unknown
aumixtuies, plenty of sugai anu a finish of fiesh mint that impaiteu a ciisp, coolness. The
tea, pouieu back anu foith, becomes thick anu fiothy, almost like a latte.
Piesent at one of the tea sessions was a neaily life-size painting of the Senegalese
saint Cheikh Ibia Fall on Baye Fall patchwoik. This was my fiist expeiience with the attaya
tea style populai in ceitain Islamic countiies anu especially in West anu Noith Afiica. Anu
though I am uevoteu to neai constant sipping of the Taiwanese high mountain oolongs, the
iefieshment anu beauty of the attaya style tea, spontaneously aiiaigneu with some fiienus
is a veiy blesseu anu spiiitual gatheiing. Cheikh Ibia Fall's mastei, the gieat Sufi saint
Cheikh Amauou Bamba saiu of uiinking gieen tea (as well as the Nouiiue spiceu coffee Caf
Touba) aftei taking bayat to the Nouiiue path, was like uoing salaat foi 7u yeais, oi giving
zakat foi 7u yeais, oi going on Bajj foi 7u yeais. The angel }abiil is saiu to have askeu
Cheikh Amauou Bamba what he wanteu foi his spiiitual anu physical tiials, anu he saiu he
wanteu his tiophies to be coffee (Caf Touba which is coffee with Afiican long peppei
known as ujai oi the giain of Selim, A,*89#) )'$3#89#0)) anu gieen tea. This follows the
tiauition of Sufi who spieau stimulants such as tea, khat, anu coffee all ovei the Islamic
woilu to iefiesh the soul uuiing long night piayeis vigils, iituals anu meuitations.
It is iemaikable that at the coie of Nouiiuism, the highest Sufi mastei the woilu has
evei seen, Cheikh Amauou Bamba shoulu ask foi gieen tea as his tiophy, anu that foi
Nouiiues to uiink it is equivalent of the highest acts of woiship in Islam. I have compaieu
the Cheikh to the Tibetan Buuuhist saint Paumasambhava elsewheie on a tieatise on
anothei mystical heib that Cheikh Bamba talkeu about, 28.!7'$:. .#07)/$3:.B known as
seh-haw, oi kinkeliba. Nentioning this compaiison to a Nouiiue uisciple, I was tolu that
Seiigne Saliou Nbacke, the last gianu maiabout of the Nouiiuiyyah, who was a son of
Cheikh Amauou Bamba Nbacke, tolu him uiiectly that the Nouiiues have a high
iepiesentative in the Buuuhist iealm, who has always walkeu the eaith. As a stuuent of the
methous of meuitations, cosmologies anu piactices of Sufi anu BuuuhistsBaoists, it was
like a ievelation to heai the Cheikh speak in the piecise language of the sages anu auepts of
Asia. The Cheikh auvocateu non-violence, compassion, meicy, anu, above all, love. As one
begins to ieally stuuy this avatai fiom West Afiica, his mysteiy only ueepens, his tiue
essence only just hinteu at in his beautiful poems. When I heai the oial tiauitions that he
spoke of on gieen tea, confiimeu to my sinceie fiienu's eai by Cheikh Bamba's son Seiigne
Saliou, theie was an abiuing peace, as if this was a sign, a lanumaik towaius the iight path.
This was a uistant but complete confiimation of the message in this uivinely gifteu leaf. Ny
uiveigent spiiitual paths hau conveigeu again at the teapot. Cheikh Bamba also saiu "I
Incluueu Baiaka (blessing) in Ataya (Tea) to the point that who uiinks it will youi sins will
be foigiven." I believe this entiiely anu tea, like saints anu piophets, is a meicy to mankinu
anu an entheogen in the puiest sense of the woiu.
The spiiitual eneigy of tea iesonates fiom the high mountains of Taiwan anu
Yunnan to Kyoto anu echoes into Cheikh Amauou Bamba's holy city of Touba, Senegal
wheie the angels biought the kaaba fiom Necca. }asmine tea is paiticulaily populai in his
holy city of Touba, but it's consiueieu an expensive tea anu thus useu foi special occasions
anu honoieu guests. 0ne can assume that if it is piefeiieu in the saint's city, that the Cheikh
must have loveu jasmine gieen tea especially. Ny Nouiiue tea fiienu Ismael Biagne says, "A
Nouiiue fiom Touba knows moie about }asmine tea than a Nouiiue fiom Bakai oi any
othei town. The Bakai community loves theii ataya with stiong gunpowuei gieen tea."
They take the ataya (tea) with Noioccan mint, nana fass, oi menthol canuies, anu sugai.


L Lo 8. 1he angels broughL Lhe kaaba of Mecca Lo 1ouba seen ln upper lefL corner, flrsL plcLure, Chelkh Amadou 8amba ls also
praylng on Lhe waLer ln a famous deplcLlon of hls Lrlals wlLh Lhe lrench. 1he llnes of Lhe poem (khLlmaLou-l-Moun[L or LasL
conversaLlon wlLh Lhe Lord) ln lrench LhaL Chelkh 8amba wrlLes of saylng Lhe kaaba came Lo 1ouba by angels, reads Allah, le
noble eL l'Lleve, a prescrlL que la Malson sacree (la kaaba), A eLe elevee par les anges vers 1ouba" whlch mlghL be read as
Allah, Lhe noble and Plgh, has prescrlbed LhaL Lhe Sacred Pouse (Lhe ka'bah), Was ralsed by Lhe angels Lo 1ouba." nexL plcLure
ls Chelkh Amadou 8amba wlLh hls devoLed dlsclple Chelkh lbra lall. 1he lasL plcLure ls a Lyplcal canlsLer of Lhe Chlnese [asmlne
Lea found ln 1ouba. Pavlng only had lL aLLaya sLyle, l can say lL's qulLe nlce, all Lhlngs consldered.







Botanical anu meuicinal heibalist ieseaiches biought me ueepei into the company
of Sufi biotheihoous of West Afiica, anu I began expeiimenting with vaiious species of
jasmine anu became enamoieu with its fiagiance in teas, incenses anu attais. }asmine was
the favoiite attai of monaichs anu Sufi, anu the woiu }asmine ueiives fiom the Peisian
C)+).''/ ("gift fiom uou"). The scent of }asmine is favoieu by many Sufi oiueis, anu its
fiagiance is useu by poets to speak of the gloiy of uou manifesteu in such a pleasant, sweet
aioma. It's an act of hospitality, anu expiession of manneis ()5)!) to offei someone
}asmine tea in Sufi $)7#>) fiom Tuikey to Senegal anu many otheis, anu one of the most
populai attais with ceitain taiiqa, often woin to the .)+D#5 on Fiiuays. }asmine tea is veiy
populai to this uay in Iian as well as many othei Noith Afiican countiies. The style of tea
ianges fiom the inexpensive, humble, weatheieu enamel attaya pots of Senegal anu Nali to
the oinate, patteineu high styleu tea waie anu samovais of countiies like Iian, Tuikey anu
Noiocco.
Neuicinal uses of jasmine anu jasmine oil can be founu in texts of 0nani meuicine,
paiticulaily fiom the Shia Imams, such as one that tiaces to the Piophet (saws) himself,
"Theie is nothing bettei foi the bouy than )*E7)F#>#G" Be was askeu, "What is )*E7)F#>#." Be
ieplieu: "}asmine ()*EF)/!)>). Anothei Shia hauith tiaceu to the Imams says, "}asmine ()*E
7)F#>#) is the most excellent hing with which you oil youi bouy." Yet anothei Shia hauith
says, "Theie is no oil moie beneficial foi the bouy than the oil of jasmine ()*EF)/!)>). In it
aie numeious benefits anu healing foi seventy illnesses (Isphany 2uu7). Theie is an
excellent entiy on the incieuible tieatise of Islamic meuicine by Noiiow (2u11) foi }asmine
incluuing Piophetic tiauitions anu Shia uses of jasmine as well as uiscussion on species,
mouein uses such as jasmine's anticancei activity, anu anti-inflammatoiy uses in mouein
meuicine. Noiiow (2u11) also uiscusses Islamic tiauitional uses of jasmine as a calmative,
euphoiic, aphiouisiac, antiseptic, antispasmouic, as well as foi aithiitis, female issues of the
uteius anu bieast milk, gout, neivous tension, iespiiatoiy uisoiueis anu uepiession
amongst many otheis.





top iight of the foui gioupeu pictuies, the incieuible Nouiiue singei Baye Zal Aumiial making ataya. Anu some of the authoi's
own ataya paiapheinalia

Peisian anu Tuikish jasmine tea bags fiom English anu Iianian companies, anu Peisian style samovai, the lovely
shapeu glass, suggestive of a tulip

In many Islamic countiies, one will finu the tea bieweu in vaiiations of a Russian-
style samovai, which can be elaboiately oinate oi as simple as two teapots, one on top of
the othei, the lowei being foi the hot watei, the top one concentiateu tea, uiluteu to taste in
the glass. Tea is sippeu fiom beautifully oinate small glasses oi cleai glasses that iesemble
the tulip.


I have many hanumaue zisha clay anu celauon teapots as well as iaku, cast iion
tetsubin, anu many othei fine examples of teawaie, but my little 1u uollai enamel pot fiom
Senegal is a cheiisheu fiienu. The noise of its hingeu liu opening anu closing biings me no
enu of pleasuie, anu its pointeu spout makes the aciobatic pouiing into the tiny cups easy.
0ne will often see them useu as kettle anu pot, being placeu on the fiie, with a tip of papei
to close the spout, with the liu flippeu back anu giaspeu to pievent buining, if theie is any
liu left at all foi they aie useu until they uisintegiate fiom metal fatigue. The tea is iapiuly
pouieu fiom a height, back anu foith into the cup until a luscious foam heau is achieveu,
anu the sweetness anu stiength is peifect. We will piesent a moie compiehensive
uiscussion in the foithcoming monogiaph H$$),)4 13' I:;# J), 8; 1'), coming soon to the
Belawaie Tea Society website.

Thanks to:
Ny two ueaiest tea fiienus Naya anu Naiyam, to the memoiies of my gianumothei in hei gaiuen anu all hei teapots
(especially the Biown Betty) anu my mothei anu hei teapots, to Ismael fiom www.saafaia.com, Bio Sufi foi so much
knowleuge anu oial tiauitions, Shiloh Lamp Fall, Baye Zal the singei anu teaheau, all the hosts anu guests in tea: let us be
togethei one. Thanks to Ibia at www.SufiBeibs.com anu Filiation Sounus, whose kettles nevei cool. Thanks to tea auuicts
ovei at www.bottlegouiuheibs.com
Bjeiejef Khauim Rassoul, Baikei Cheikh Ibia Fall, Neici Seiigne Nbacke Fall Noustapha!

7#8#4#'9#% $'0 1:4()#4 7#$05'+
Balby, Anuiew. 2uu2. =)/('78:+ 1)+$'+4 13' I$87, 8; I9#0'+G 0niveisity of Califoinia Piess.

Bannaway, Fieueiick R. 2uu9. Tea as Soma Pait 1. http:www.uelawaieteasociety.oigtea-as-soma-1

Bannaway, Fieueiick R. 2u14. Seh-Baw: The Nystical Beib fiom West Afiica.
http:www.sciibu.comuoc19948u216Seh-Baw-The-Nystical-Beib-fiom-West-Afiica

Beiss anu Beiss. 2uu7. The Stoiy of Tea: A Cultuial Bistoiy anu Biinking uuiue. Ten Speeu Piess.

Beiss, Naiy Lou. Retiieveu 2u14. Tiauitional }asmine Tea fiom the Fujian Piovince, China: Etheieal Cups of Sublime
Biinking Pleasuie. http:www.teatiekkei.comsitesuefaultfilesAit-of-Tea.puf

Bu, Shiu-Ying. 2uuS. A#: ,:)/ K# ',#/(4 Bu Xiuying jiao shou lun wen ji. Xianggang. Bilingual euition.

Isphany, Batool (tianslatoi). 2uu7. L+*).#0 M'5#0)* J#+58.4 13' 1#!! )*EHN#..)G I)57 @7'++G

Naii, v. anu Boh, E. 2uu9. The Tiue Bistoiy of Tea. Thames & Buuson.

Noiiow, }ohn Anuiew. 2u11. O/0,0*89'5#) 8; L+*).#0 6'7!)* M'5#0#/'G NcFailanu anu Company.

;* <5 =:$ > ")# ?$%-5'# 12*3#4 6*'+@ The much veisioneu song, evocative of such poetic sentiments in China, has leu
to its use as an anthem in nationalist events as well as a souice of contioveisy when useu in piotest. Echoing the coloi
ievolution of the so-calleu }asmine Revolution in Tunisia, the Chinese people playeu the song at pio-uemociatic iallies,
eventually getting it banneu in 2u11, anu new piotest veisions openly uiscuss the piotestei's feais of being aiiesteu:
http:www.youtube.comwatch.v=4mvfE9NvuB0&ntz=1
http:www.youtube.comwatch.v=9N4gca_uLB4