Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide Gladys Ericka D.

Galang Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City December 5, 2013 December 12, 2013 Abstract Hello This is the sample abstract K Thanks Bye I. Introduction The distillation setup is as follows: II. Methodology The experiment is divided into two parts: the synthesis of tert-butyl chloride and the distillation of the product of the first part. Tert-butyl chloride was synthesized from tert-butyl alcohol. 10 mL of the alcohol was placed in a 10 mL separatory funnel. 20 ml of cold concentrated HCL was added. The HCL had to be cold to prevent alkyl formation and to ensure that alkyl halide will be synthesized. To make sure that the reaction will reach equilibrium and be able to form a good amount of the alkyl halide, the concentrated HCL was added in excess. The solution was swirled in the separatory funnel. The funnel did not have a stopcock so the experiment continued with only the swirling of the solution. 5 mL of 6 M NaCl was added to facilitate the separation of the aqueous and organic layers of the solution. It was left to stand for 20 minutes while the distillation part was being set up. After 20 minutes, the solution was had two separate layers. The layers were determined to be organic or otherwise by dropping water into the solution. The layer that dissolved the water was aqueous and was discarded from the solution. The organic layer was transferred to a dry flask containing a small amount of solid NaHCO3. Solid was used instead of aqueous NaHCO3 to prevent the synthesized tert-butyl chloride from hydrolysing back to tert-butyl alcohol. The solution was swirled and decanted into another dry flask. The filtrate was collected and dried with a small amount of anhydrous CaCl2. Anhydrous CaCl2 removes traces of and unreacted alcohol from the solution. A few boiling chips of were added to the solution after it was decanted to a dry, 25 mL round bottom flask. The chips were boiled since pure samples tend to go temperatures above their boiling points. The chips cushion the bubbles that form and ensure a constant heat flow in the reaction.

Figure (Number). Distillation Set-up Instead of round bottom flask to catch the distilled alkyl halide, the students used a small graduated cylinder. The sample was placed on the flask on the left, and was constantly heated by a slowly boiling bath. The flame is adjusted until there is a constant rate of 2 drops distillate per second.

III. Results and Discussions IV. Conclusion V. References VI. Appendices