GENERAL NAVIGATION

subj Domanda 061 An aircraft departs from position A (0410' S 17822'W) and flies northward followin the meridian for 2!"0 #$% &t then flies westward alon the parallel of latit'de for (82 #$ to position )% *he coordinates of position ) are+ 061 *he an le -etween the tr'e reat.circle trac/ and the tr'e rh'm-.line trac/ 0oinin the followin points1 A (60 S 16" W) ) (60 S 177 ,)2 at the place of depart're A2 is1 061 3i4en1 Wa5point 1% 60S 0(0W Wa5point 2% 60S 020W What will -e the appro6imate latit'de shown on the displa5 'nit of an inertial na4i ation s5stem at lon it'de 02"W+ 061 What is the time re7'ired to tra4el alon the parallel of latit'de 60 # -etween meridians 010 , and 0(0 W at a ro'ndspeed of 480 /t+ 061 3i4en1 4al'e for the flattenin of the ,arth is 1:2!8% ,arth's semi.ma0or a6is2 as meas'red at the e7'ator2 e7'als 6(78%4 /m% What is the semi.minor a6is (/m) of the earth at the a6is of the poles+ 061 ;osition A is located on the e7'ator at lon it'de 1(000,% ;osition ) is located 100 #$ from A on a -earin of 22"(*)% *he coordinates of position ) are1 061 &n order to fl5 from position A (1000'#2 0(000'W) to position ) ((000'#2 0"000'W)2 maintainin a constant tr'e co'rse2 it is necessar5 to fl51 061 *he rh'm- line trac/ -etween position A (4"00'#2 01000'W) and position ) (48(0'#2 01"00'W) is appro6imatel51 061 *he diameter of the ,arth is appro6imatel51 061 *he ma6im'm difference -etween eocentric and eodetic latit'de occ'rs at a-o't1 061 *he nominal scale of a <am-ert conformal conic chart is the1 061 *he chart that is enerall5 'sed for na4i ation in polar areas is -ased on a1 061 A $ercator chart has a scale at the e7'ator > 11 ( 704 000% What is the scale at latit'de 60 S+ 061 *he distance meas'red -etween two points on a na4i ation map is 42 mm (millimetres)% *he scale of the chart is 111 600 000% *he act'al distance -etween these two point is appro6imatel51 061 *he standard parallels of a <am-ert's conical orthomorphic pro0ection are 0740'# and (820' #% *he constant of the cone for this chart is1 061 ?n a <am-ert conformal conic chart the con4er ence of the meridians1 061 A strai ht line drawn on a chart meas'res 4%6( cm and represents 1"0 #$% *he chart scale is1 061 ?n a ;olar Stereo raphic chart2 the initial reat circle co'rse from A 70# 060W to ) 70# 060, is appro6imatel51 061 ?n a =irect $ercator chart2 a rh'm- line appears as a1 061 *he reat circle distance -etween position A ("!(4%1'# 00808%4',) and ) ((02"%!'# 171"1%6'W) is1 061 ?n a <am-ert Aonformal Aonic chart reat circles that are not meridians are1 RispostaA 4"00'# 172(8', RispostaB "(20'# 16!22W RispostaC 4"00'# 16!22W RispostaD "(20'# 172(8', Check

7%8

1"%6

"%2

06006'S

06011'S

0"!4!'S

06000'S

2 89 (0 $&# 6 ("6%!

1 89 1" $&# 6 (78%4

1 89 4" $&# 6 (67%0

" 89 00 $&# 6 (!!%!

0111'S 1284!', a rh'm- line trac/ (1" 12 700 /m 4" #orth and So'th scale at the standard parallels Stereo raphical pro0ection 11 1 8"2 000 (6%(0 #$

0111'# 1(111', the constant a4era e drift ro'te ((0 6 ("0 /m 60 #orth and So'th

0111'S 1(111', the reat.circle ro'te (00 18 "00 /m !0 #orth and So'th

0111'# 1284!', a strai ht line plotted on a <am-ert chart (4" 40 000 /m 0 #orth and So'th (e7'ator) scale at the e7'ator <am-ert conformal pro0ection 11 18" 200 (%6! #$

mean scale -etween pole and e7'ator mean scale -etween the parallels of the secant cone =irect $ercator pro0ection 3nomonic pro0ection 11 7 408 000 (70%00 #$ 11 ( 208 000 67%20 #$

0%(! is the same as earth con4er enc5 at the parallel of ori in 11 6 000 000 0(0 (*) strai ht line " 400 #$ c'r4es conca4e to the parallel of ori in

0%60 is @ero thro' ho't the chart 11 ( 000 000 ((0 (*) small circle conca4e to the nearer pole 10 800 /m strai ht lines re ardless of distance "7 #$ 4!"7', 2"0

0%!2 4aries as the secant of the latit'de 11 " 000 000 1"0 (*) spiral c'r4e 2 700 #$

0%42 e7'als earth con4er enc5 at the standard parallels 11 1 000 000 210 (*) c'r4e con4e6 to the nearer pole 10 800 #$

061 ?n a direct $ercator pro0ection2 at latit'de 4" #orth2 a certain len th represents 86 #$ 70 #$% At latit'de (0 #orth2 the same len th represents appro6imatel51 061 3i4en1 ;osition A 4"#2 +, ;osition ) 4"#2 4"1"', =istance A.) > 280 #$ (8(!', ) is to the ,ast of A 9e7'ired1 lon it'de of position A+ 061 ?n a polar stereo raphic pro0ection chart showin the So'th ;ole2 a strai ht line 22" 0oins position A (70S 06",) to position ) (70S 02"W)% *he tr'e co'rse on depart're from position A is appro6imatel51

c'r4es conca4e to the pole of pro0ection strai ht lines within the standard parallels 70 #$ 81 #$ "1"1', 1(" 40((', (1"

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA 061 ?n a direct $ercator pro0ection2 the distance meas'red -etween two meridians 11 ( "00 000 spaced " apart at latit'de 60# is 8 cm% *he scale of this chart at latit'de 60# is appro6imatel51 061 *wo positions plotted on a polar stereo raphic chart2 A (80# 000) and ) (70# 20( 102W) are 0oined -5 a strai ht line whose hi hest latit'de is reached at 0("W% At point )2 the tr'e co'rse is1 061 3i4en1 $a netic headin (11 =rift an le 10 left 9elati4e -earin of #=) 270 221 What is the ma netic -earin of the #=) meas'red from the aircraft+ 061 3i4en the followin 1 *r'e trac/1 1!2 $a netic 4ariation1 7, =rift an le1 " left 1!0 What is the ma netic headin re7'ired to maintain the i4en trac/+ 061 3i4en the followin 1 $a netic headin 1 060 $a netic 4ariation1 8W =rift 0"6 an le1 4 ri ht What is the tr'e trac/+ 061 An aircraft is followin a tr'e trac/ of 048 at a constant *AS of 210 /t% *he 1!2 /t2 7 ri ht wind 4elocit5 is ("0 : (0 /t% *he 3S and drift an le are1 061 3i4en1 B< ("02 $ach 0%802 ?A* .""A% Aalc'late the 4al'es for *AS and local 461 /t 2 <SS "76 /t speed of so'nd (<SS)+ 061 3i4en1 $a netic headin > 2"" CA9 > 40W 3S > (7" /t W:C > 2("(*) : 120 6 left /t Aalc'late the drift an le+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8eadin > 180 *AS > "00 /t W:C 22" : 100 /t Aalc'late the 3S+ 4(" /t 061 3i4en1 *r'e headin > (10 *AS > 200 /t 3S > 176 /t =rift an le 7 ri ht% 270 : (( /t Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 &f an aeroplane was to circle aro'nd the ,arth followin parallel 60# at a ro'nd !60 /t speed of 480 /t% &n order to circle aro'nd the ,arth alon the e7'ator in the same amo'nt of time2 it sho'ld fl5 at a ro'nd speed of1 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8eadin > 0!0 *AS > 180 /t 3S > 180 /t =rift " ri ht Aalc'late 00" : 1" /t the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8eadin > 0!0 *AS > 200 /t W:C > 220 : (0 /t% Aalc'late the 220 /t 3S+ 061 An aeroplane is fl5in at *AS 180 /t on a trac/ of 0!0% *he W:C is 04" : "0/t% 8" #$ 8ow far can the aeroplane fl5 o't from its -ase and ret'rn in one ho'r+ 061 *he followin information is displa5ed on an &nertial #a4i ation S5stem1 3S "20 (20 : 60 /t /t2 *r'e 8=3 0!02 =rift an le " ri ht2 *AS 480 /t% SA* (static air temperat're) ."1A% *he W:C -ein e6perienced is1 061 *he reported s'rface wind from the Aontrol *ower is 240:(" /t% 9'nwa5 (0 (0 /t ((00)% What is the cross.wind component+ 061 An aircraft passes position A (6000'# 12000'W) on ro'te to position ) 27! (6000'# 140(0'W)% What is the reat circle trac/ on depart're from A+ 061 A reat circle trac/ 0oins position A ("!S 141W) and ) (61S 148W)% What is &t increases -5 6 the difference -etween the reat circle trac/ at A and )+ 061 What is the lon it'de of a position 6 #$ to the east of "842'# 0!400'W+ 0!(48%"'W 061 An aircraft is maintainin a "%2D radient is at 7 #$ from the r'nwa52 on a flat terrainE its hei ht is appro6imatel51 061 An aircraft is descendin down a 6D slope whilst maintainin a 3:S of (00 /t% *he rate of descent of the aircraft is appro6imatel51 061 *he an le -etween the plane of the ecliptic and the plane of e7'ator is appro6imatel51 061 *he d'ration of ci4il twili ht is the time1 2210 B* 1800 B*:$&# 2(%" -etween s'nset and when the centre of the s'n is 6 -elow the tr'e hori@on RispostaB 11 4 7"0 000 11 7 000 000 RispostaC 11 6 000 000 RispostaD Check

02(

247

(0"

208 1!4 064 200 /t2 (%" ri ht 2(7 /t2 <SS 2!6 /t 6 ri ht 600 /t (60 : (( /t 240 /t

211 204 048 1!2 /t2 7 left 4!0 /t2 <SS 461 /t ! left "(" /t 0!0 : (( /t ""0 /t

180 180 072 22" /t2 7 left 461 /t 2 <SS 2!6 /t ( left 4"0 /t 180 : (( /t 480 /t

1!0 : 1" /t 2(0 /t 88 #$ 22" : 60 /t

("" : 1" /t 180 /t "6 #$ 220 : 60 /t

18" : 1" /t 200 /t 176 #$ (2" : 60 /t

24 /t 288 &t decreases -5 6 0!("4%0'W 680 B* 10800 B*:$&# 2"%( a reed -5 the international aerona'tical a'thorities which is 12 min'tes 024( F*A 4aries -5 10

27 /t 261 &t increases -5 ( 0!("(%1'W 18!0 B* (600 B*:$&# 27%" needed -5 the s'n to mo4e from the apparent hei ht of 0 to the apparent hei ht of 6 214( F*A decreases -5 6

21 /t 270 &t decreases -5 ( 0!412%0'W (640 B* !00 B*:$&# 66%" -etween s'nset and when the centre of the s'n is 12 -elow the tr'e hori@on 0"2( F*A 4aries -5 4

061 ?n the 27th of Be-r'ar52 at "2S and 040,2 the s'nrise is at 024( F*A% ?n the 074( F*A same da52 at "2S and 0("W2 the s'nrise is at1 061 An aeroplane flies from A ("!S 142W) to ) (61S 148W) with a *AS of 480 increases -5 "

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda /t% *he a'topilot is en a ed and co'pled with an &nertial #a4i ation S5stem in which A) trac/ is acti4e% ?n ro'te A)2 the tr'e trac/1 061 *he rh'm-.line distance -etween points A (6000'# 002(0',) and ) (6000'# (00 #$ 007(0'W) is1 061 An aircraft is o4er position 8? (""(0'# 0601"'W)2 where GG9 C?9 ("((0'# 028 0601"'W) can -e recei4ed% *he ma netic 4ariation is (1W at 8? and 28W at GG9% What is the radial from GG9+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 48" /t2 ?A* > &SA H10A2 B< 410% Aalc'late the $ach #'m-er+ 0%82" RispostaA RispostaB RispostaC RispostaD Check

4"0 #$ 208

600 #$ 0(1

1"0 #$ ((2

0%!0 784"'# 087,

0%8" 7!1"'# 074,

0%87 701"'# 080,

061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.1818A) Ass'me a #orth polar stereo raphic 8000'# 080, chart whose rid is ali ned with the 3reenwich meridian% An aircraft flies from the eo raphic #orth pole for a distance of 480 #$ alon the 110, meridian2 then follows a rid trac/ of 1"4 for a distance of (00 #$% &ts position is now appro6imatel51 061 3i4en1 A polar stereo raphic chart whose rid is ali ned with the @ero meridian% 22! 3rid trac/ (442 <on it'de 11"00'W2 Aalc'late the tr'e co'rse+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.1828A and the data for 121" F*A) 121" F*A 40""'# 027""'W <AI,S C?9*AA ((846'# 0270"'W) 9$& reads 1782 ran e 1(" #$% Aalc'late the aircraft position at 121" F*A+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.182!A and the data for 1(00 F*A) 1(00 F*A 1(48 =9 position (7(0'# 021(0'W alter headin ;?9* SA#*? #=) (((0('# 0162('W) *AS 4"0 /t2 Borecast W:C (60:(0/t% Aalc'late the ,*A at ;?9* SA#*? #=)+ 061 Bor a distance of 1860 #$ -etween J and 92 a ro'nd speed Ko'tK of (8" /t2 a 168" #$ ro'nd speed K-ac/K of 46" /t and an end'rance of 8 89 (e6cl'din reser4es) the distance from J to the point of safe ret'rn (;S9) is1 061 *wo points A and ) are 1000 #$ apart% *AS > 4!0 /t% ?n the fli ht -etween A "(0 #$ and ) the e7'i4alent headwind is .20 /t% ?n the ret'rn le -etween ) and A2 the e7'i4alent headwind is H40 /t% What distance from A2 alon the ro'te A to )2 is the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*)+ 061 3i4en1 A= > Air distance 3= > 3ro'nd distance *AS > *r'e Airspeed 3S > 3= > (A= L 3S):*AS 3ro'ndspeed Which of the followin is the correct form'la to calc'late ro'nd distance (3=) one+ 061 An aircraft is fl5in with the aid of an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S) connected 600"%7'# to the a'topilot% *he followin two points ha4e -een entered in the &#S comp'ter1 W;* 11 60# 0(0W W;* 21 60# 020W When 02"W is passed the latit'de shown on the displa5 'nit of the inertial na4i ation s5stem will -e1 061 *he drift of the a@im'th 5ro on an inertial 'nit ind'ces an error in the position proportional to t i4en -5 this 'nit% KtK -ein the elapsed time% *he total error is1 061 With reference to inertial na4i ation s5stems2 a *AS inp't is1 re7'ired to pro4ide a W:C read o't 061 *he platform of an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S) is maintained at ri ht an les aircraft manoe'4res2 earth rotation2 to the local 4ertical -5 appl5in corrections for the effects of1 transport wander and coriolis 061 An aircraft tra4els from point A to point )2 'sin the a'topilot connected to the aircraft's inertial s5stem% *he coordinates of A (4"S 010W) and ) (4"S 0(0W) ha4e -een entered% *he tr'e co'rse of the aircraft on its arri4al at )2 to the nearest de ree2 is1 061 Some inertial reference and na4i ation s5stems are /nown as KstrapdownK% *his means that1 061 As the &#S position of the depart're aerodrome2 coordinates ("(2%7'# 1(!46%('W are inp't instead of ("(2%7'# 1(!46%(',% When the aircraft s'-se7'entl5 passes point "2# 180W2 the lon it'de 4al'e shown on the &#S will -e1 277

0!! 40"0'# 02740'W

27! 4100'# 02810'W

04! 410"'# 027"0'W

1(44

1(41

1("4

1"(2 #$

!(0 #$

186" #$

470 #$

4"" #$

"00 #$

3= > (A= . *AS):*AS

3= > A= L (3S .*AS):3S

3= > *AS:(3S L A=)

6000%0'#

"!4!%0'#

6011%0'#

proportional to the s7'are of time2 tM proportional to t:2 not re7'ired re7'ired for ;olar na4i ation

sin'soNdal re7'ired for rh'm- line na4i ation mo4ement in the 5awin plane2 secondar5 precession and pend'lo's oscillation 270

5roscopic inertia2 earth rotation and 4ertical 4elocities2 earth precession2 real drift centrif' al forces and transport drift 284 26(

the 5roscopes and accelerometers -ecome part of the 'nit's fi6t're to the aircraft str'ct're 0!! (2%6'W

onl5 the 5ros2 and not the 5ros and accelerometers are mo'nted accelerometers2 -ecome part of the on a sta-ilised platform in the aircraft 'nit's fi6t're to the aircraft str'ct're 0!! (2%6', 080 27%4',

5ros and accelerometers need satellite information inp't to o-tain a 4ertical reference 080 27%4'W

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA 061 &n order to maintain an acc'rate 4ertical 'sin a pend'lo's s5stem2 an aircraft with dampin and a period of 84%4 $&# inertial platform incorporates a de4ice1 061 *he o'ter mar/er of an &<S with a ( lide slope is located 4%6 #$ from the 14"0 B* threshold% Ass'min a lide slope hei ht of "0 B* a-o4e the threshold2 the appro6imate hei ht of an aircraft passin the o'ter mar/er is1 061 A ro'nd feat're appears (0 to the left of the centre line of the A9* of an 160 air-orne weather radar% &f the headin of the aircraft is ("" ($) and the ma netic 4ariation is 1" ,ast2 the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the feat're is1 061 Which is the hi hest latit'de listed -elow at which the s'n will rise a-o4e the 66 hori@on and set e4er5 da5+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.2(04A) *he F*A of s'nrise on 6 =ecem-er at 141( W&##&;,3 (Aanada) (4!"0'# 0!7(0'W) is1 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6es 061.2(0"A and 061.2(0")) When it is 1000 0800 Standard *ime in O'wait2 the Standard *ime in Al eria is1 061 *he 4al'e of ma netic 4ariation1 has a ma6im'm of 180 061 When deceleratin on a westerl5 headin in the #orthern hemisphere2 the compass card of a direct readin ma netic compass will t'rn1 061 *he constant of cone of a <am-ert conformal conic chart is 7'oted as 0%(!""% At what latit'de on the chart is earth con4er enc5 correctl5 represented+ 061 ?n a <am-ert Aonformal chart the distance -etween meridians " apart alon latit'de (7 #orth is ! cm% *he scale of the chart at that parallel appro6imates1 061 *he 3reat Aircle -earin from A (70S 0(0W) to ) (70S 060,) is appro6imatel51 061 &n a na4i ation chart a distance of 4! #$ is e7'al to 7 cm% *he scale of the chart is appro6imatel51 061 At 60 # the scale of a direct $ercator chart is 11 ( 000 000% What is the scale at the e7'ator+ 061 What is the chart distance -etween lon it'des 17!, and 17"W on a direct $ercator chart with a scale of 11 " 000 000 at the e7'ator+ 061 *he total len th of the "(# parallel of latit'de on a direct $ercator chart is 1(( cm% What is the appro6imate scale of the chart at latit'de (0S+ 061 A <am-ert conformal conic pro0ection2 with two standard parallels1 061 *he constant of the cone2 on a <am-ert chart where the con4er ence an le -etween lon it'des 010, and 0(0W is (02 is1 061 J'estion to -e deleted1 &so onals con4er e at the1 061 A line drawn on a chart which 0oins all points where the 4al'e of ma netic 4ariation is @ero is called an1 061 *he hori@ontal component of the earth's ma netic field1 061 An aircraft in the northern hemisphere ma/es an acc'rate rate one t'rn to the ri ht:star-oard% &f the initial headin was ((02 after (0 seconds of the t'rn the direct readin ma netic compass sho'ld read1 061 When t'rnin ri ht from ((0(A) to 040(A) in the northern hemisphere2 the readin of a direct readin ma netic compass will1 061 When acceleratin on an easterl5 headin in the #orthern hemisphere2 the compass card of a direct readin ma netic compass will t'rn1 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.2(2"A) An aircraft ta/es off from 3'am at 2(00 Standard *ime on (0 April local date% After a fli ht of 11 89 1" $&# it lands at <os An eles (Aalifornia)% What is the Standard *ime and local date of arri4al (ass'me s'mmer time r'les appl5)+ RispostaB witho't dampin and a period of 84%4 $&# 1400 B* RispostaC witho't dampin and a period of 84%4 S,A 1("0 B* RispostaD with dampin and a period of 84%4 S,A 1(00 B* Check

220

(10

1(0

68 0!(0 1200 m'st -e 0 at the ma netic e7'ator

72 011( 1(00 4aries -etween a ma6im'm of 4" ,ast and 4" West cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn towards the north 682"' 11 2 000 000 0!0(*) 11 1(0 000 11 ( "00 000 167 mm 11 18 000 000 the scale is onl5 correct at parallel of ori in 0%"0 #orth ma netic pole onl5 iso onal wea/ens with increasin distance from the nearer ma netic pole more than 060

62 22(0 0700 cannot e6ceed !0 anti.cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn towards the north 21("' 11 6 000 000 (12(*) 11 7 000 000 11 1 "00 000 72 mm 11 21 000 000 shows lines of lon it'de as parallel strai ht lines 0%64 #orth and So'th ma netic poles onl5 isotach is appro6imatel5 the same at all ma netic latit'des less than 60 more or less than 060 dependin on the pend'lo's s'spension 'sed o4er.indicate the t'rn and li7'id swirl will increase the effect anti.cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn toward the so'th 161" on (0 April

cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn toward anti.cloc/wise i4in an apparent the so'th t'rn towards the so'th 2(18' 6642' 11 " 000 000 1(2(*) 11 1 (00 000 11 6 000 000 1(( mm 11 2" 000 000 the scale is onl5 correct alon the standard parallels 0%7" #orth and So'th eo raphic and ma netic poles a onic line 11 ( 7"0 000 048(*) 11 700 000 11 ( 000 000 106 mm 11 (0 000 000 shows all reat circles as strai ht lines 0%40 $a netic e7'ator aclinic line

is stron er closer to the ma netic e7'ator wea/ens with increasin distance from the ma netic poles less than 060 060

'nder.indicate the t'rn and li7'id swirl will increase the effect cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn toward the north 171" on (0 April

o4er.indicate the t'rn and li7'id swirl will decrease the effect cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn toward the so'th 121" on 1 $a5

'nder.indicate the t'rn and li7'id swirl will decrease the effect anti.cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn toward the north 1(1" on 1 $a5

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.2(26A) When it is 0600 Standard *ime in J'eensland (A'stralia) the Standard *ime in 8awaii (FSA) is1 061 *he chart distance -etween meridians 10 apart at latit'de 6" #orth is (%7" inches% *he chart scale at this latit'de appro6imates1 061 ?n a <am-ert conformal conic chart2 with two standard parallels2 the 7'oted scale is correct1 061 A direct readin compass sho'ld -e sw'n when1 RispostaA 1000 11 " 000 000 alon the two standard parallels 1200 11 6 000 000 RispostaB 0200 11 2 "00 000 alon the parallel of ori in the aircraft is stored for a lon period and is fre7'entl5 mo4ed 'sin lon ma nets RispostaC 0600 11 ( 000 000 alon the prime meridian the aircraft has made more than a stated n'm-er of landin s pend'lo's s'spension of the ma netic assem-l5 settin the 'headin ' pointer (81"' 11 2 "00 000 strai ht line more or less than 22" dependin on the pend'lo's s'spension 'sed cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn towards the so'th ,7'ator prime meridian and the e7'ator !40 / 2%2 m:sec 0 $&# (4 S,A 1(1 /t 2040 #$ ? ma netic dip &t is another term for F*A 081" RispostaD Check

in the area -etween the standard parallels there is a lar e2 and permanent2 chan e in there is a lar e chan e in ma netic ma netic latit'de lon it'de 061 *he direct readin ma netic compass is made aperiodic (dead -eat) -51 /eepin the ma netic assem-l5 mass 'sin the lowest accepta-le 4iscosit5 close to the compass point and -5 'sin compass li7'id dampin wires 061 *he ann'nciator of a remote indicatin compass s5stem is 'sed when1 s5nchronisin the ma netic and 5ro compensatin for de4iation compass elements 061 *he con4er ence factor of a <am-ert conformal conic chart is 7'oted as 0%78"("% "14"' "20"' At what latit'de on the chart is earth con4er enc5 correctl5 represented+ 061 At 47 #orth the chart distance -etween meridians 10 apart is " inches% *he 11 6 000 000 11 8 000 000 scale of the chart at 47 #orth appro6imates1 061 ?n a =irect $ercator chart a reat circle will -e represented -5 a1 c'r4e conca4e to the e7'ator comple6 c'r4e 061 An aircraft in the northern hemisphere is ma/in an acc'rate rate one t'rn to the ri ht% &f the initial headin was 1("2 after (0 seconds the direct readin ma netic compass sho'ld read1 061 When acceleratin on a westerl5 headin in the northern hemisphere2 the compass card of a direct readin ma netic compass will t'rn1 061 ?n a <am-ert Aonformal Aonic chart earth con4er enc5 is most acc'ratel5 represented at the1 061 ?n a *rans4erse $ercator chart2 scale is e6actl5 correct alon the1 061 26" FS.3A< e7'als+ (Specific ra4it5 0%80) 061 7(0 B*:$&# e7'als1 061 8ow lon will it ta/e to fl5 " #$ at a ro'ndspeed of 26! Ot + 061 An aircraft tra4els 2%4 stat'te miles in 47 seconds% What is its ro'ndspeed+ 061 An aircraft flies a reat circle trac/ from "6 # 070 W to 62 # 110 ,% *he total distance tra4elled is+ 061 &so ri4es are lines that connect positions that ha4e1 061 What is the meanin of the term Kstandard timeK + 061 What is the local mean time2 position 6"2"'# 12(4"'W at 2200 F*A+ 061 An A onic line is a line that connects1 061 When is the ma netic compass most effecti4e+ 061 When an aircraft on a westerl5 headin on the northern hemisphere accelerates2 the effect of the acceleration error ca'ses the ma netic compass to1 061 What is the &SA temperat're 4al'e at B< ((0+ 061 3i4en1 *AS 487/t2 B< ((02 *emperat're &SA H 1"% Aalc'late the $AA8 #'m-er+ 061 3i4en1 $ 0%802 ?A* ."0A2 B< ((02 3S 4!0 /t2 CA9 20W2 $a netic headin 1402 =rift is 11 9i ht% Aalc'late the tr'e W:C+ more than 22" 22"

settin local ma netic 4ariation 80(!' 11 ( 000 000 c'r4e con4e6 to the e7'ator less than 22"

anti.cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn towards the north parallel of ori in meridian of tan enc5 80( / (%7 m:sec 1 $&# 07 S,A 160 /t (720 #$ the same ri4ation &t is the time set -5 the le al a'thorities for a co'ntr5 or part of a co'ntr5 1(4" positions that ha4e 0 4ariation A-o't midwa5 -etween the ma netic poles indicate a t'rn towards the north ."1A 0%81 020:!" /t

anti.cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn towards the so'th north and so'th limits of the chart

cloc/wise i4in an apparent t'rn towards the north standard parallels

,7'ator2 parallel of ori in and prime dat'm meridian and meridian 4ertical perpendic'lar to it 862 / 8!" / "%2 m:sec 1 $&# "" S,A 18( /t "420 #$ 1%6 m:sec 2 $&# (0 S,A 20! /t 1788 #$

the same hori@ontal ma netic field the same 4ariation stren th &t is the time @one s5stem applica-le &t is an e6pression for local mean time onl5 in the FSA 2200 061" positions that ha4e the same 4ariation &n the re ion of the ma netic So'th ;ole% la -ehind the t'rnin rate of the aircraft ."6A 0%84 02":47 /t points of e7'al ma netic dip

points of e7'al ma netic hori@ontal field stren th &n the re ion of the ma netic #orth ;ole% ?n the eo raphic e7'ator indicate a t'rn towards the so'th .66A 0%76 200:!" /t to t'rn faster than the act'al t'rnin rate of the aircraft .81A 0%78 02":4" /t

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 3i4en1 ;ress're Altit'de 2!000 B*2 ?A* .""A% Aalc'late the =ensit5 Altit'de+ 27"00 B* 061 3i4en1 Aompass 8eadin 0!02 =e4iation 2W2 Cariation 12,2 *AS 160 /t% Whilst maintainin a radial 070 from a C?9 station2 the aircraft flies a ro'nd distance of 14 #$ in 6 $&#% What is the W:C (*)+ 061 8ow man5 #$ wo'ld an aircraft tra4el in 1 $&# 4" S,A if 3S is 1(" /t+ 061 ;arallels of latit'de on a =irect $ercator chart are1 160:"0 /t RispostaA (1000 B* (40:2" /t RispostaB (("00 B* (40:!8 /t RispostaC 26000 B* 1"":2" /t RispostaD Check

(%!4 parallel strai ht lines 'ne7'all5 spaced

2%(6

(%2"

(!%0

061 A chart has the scale 11 1 000 000% Brom A to ) on the chart meas'res 1%" inches 20%6 (one inch e7'als 2%"4 centimetres)2 the distance from A to ) in #$ is1 061 Aonto'r lines on aerona'tical maps and charts connect points1 ha4in the same ele4ation a-o4e sea le4el 061 A 9h'm- line is1 a line on the s'rface of the earth c'ttin all meridians at the same an le 061 A strai ht line on a <am-ert Aonformal ;ro0ection chart for normal fli ht is appro6imatel5 a 3reat Aircle plannin p'rposes1 061 B'el flow per 89 is 22 FS.3A<2 total f'el on -oard is 8( &$; 3A<% What is the 4 89 (2 $&# end'rance+ 061 What is the ratio -etween the litre and the FS.3A< + 1 FS.3A< e7'als (%78 litres 061 3i4en1 tr'e trac/ is (482 drift 17 left2 4ariation (2 W2 de4iation 4,% What is the compass headin + 061 *he circ'mference of the earth is appro6imatel51 061 &so onic lines connect positions that ha4e1 061 *he <ocal $ean *ime at lon it'de 0!"20'W2 at 0000 F*A2 is1 061 " 89 20 $&# 20 S,A corresponds to a lon it'de difference of1 061 What is the 4al'e of the ma netic dip at the ma netic so'th pole + 061 *he term drift refers to the wander of the a6is of a 5ro in1 0(( 21600 #$ the same 4ariation 17(8140 pre4io's da5 800"' !0 the hori@ontal plane

parallel strai ht lines e7'all5 spaced arcs of concentric circles e7'all5 spaced strai ht lines con4er in a-o4e the pole (8%1 44%" "4%2 with the same 4ariation the shortest distance -etween two points on a ;ol5conic pro0ection is a <o6odromic line ( 89 12 $&# 1 litre e7'als (%78 FS.3A< 007 4(200 #$ 0 4ariation 0621120 pre4io's da5 8110' 4" the 4ertical plane earth's rotation ha4in the same lon it'de of e7'al latit'de

an5 strai ht line on a <am-ert pro0ection a line con4e6 to the nearest pole on a $ercator pro0ection is a 9h'm- line can onl5 -e a parallel of latit'de ( 89 "( $&# 1 FS.3A< e7'als 4%"" litres ("! "400 #$ the same ele4ation 17(8140 same da5 7"00' 60 the 4ertical and hori@ontal plane relati4e speed of the s'n alon the ecliptic iso ri4es #40P 00Q ,060P 00Q 2 89 1" $&# 1 litre e7'als 4%"" FS.3A< ((7 10800 #$ the same an le of ma netic dip 0621120 same da5 784"' 0 an5 plane ra4itational effect of the s'n and moon on the speed of rotation of the earth isoclines #40P 00Q ,068P 10Q

061 *he main reason that da5 and ni ht2 thro' ho't the 5ear2 ha4e different d'ration2 inclination of the ecliptic to the e7'ator is d'e to the1 061 *he lines on the earth's s'rface that 0oin points of e7'al ma netic 4ariation are iso onals called1 061 An aircraft departin A(#40P 00Q ,080P 00Q) flies a constant tr'e trac/ of 270P at #40P 00Q ,064P 20Q a ro'nd speed of 120 /t% What are the coordinates of the position reached in 6 89+ 061 *he parallels on a <am-ert Aonformal Aonic chart are represented -51 arcs of concentric circles 061 *he &AA? definition of ,*A is the1 061 An aircraft tra4els 100 stat'te miles in 20 $&#2 how lon does it ta/e to tra4el 21" #$+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 220 /tE $a netic co'rse > 212 P2 W:C 160 P($): "0/t2 Aalc'late the 3S+ 061 3i4en1 B<2"02 ?A* .1" PA2 *AS 2"0 /t% Aalc'late the $ach #o%+ 061 ='rin a low le4el fli ht 2 parallel roads that are crossed at ri ht an les -5 an aircraft% *he time -etween these roads can -e 'sed to chec/ the aircraft1 061 Ass'min @ero wind2 what distance will -e co4ered -5 an aircraft descendin 1"000 B* with a *AS of (20 /t and maintainin a rate of descent of (000 B*:$&#+ estimated time of arri4al at destination "0 $&# 186 /t 0%40 ro'ndspeed 26%7 #$

isotachs #40P 00Q ,070P (0Q

strai ht lines

para-olic lines

h5per-olic lines estimated time en ro'te 80 $&# 2"0 /t 0%(! drift 16%0 #$

act'al time of arri4al at a point or fi6 estimated time of arri4al at an en.ro'te point or fi6 100 $&# !0 $&# 2!0 /t 0%42 position 1!%2 #$ 246 /t 0%44 trac/ (8%4 #$

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 3i4en1 $a netic trac/ > (1" P2 8=3 > (01 P($)2 CA9 > "PW2 *AS > 22" /t2 *he aircraft flies "0 #$ in 12 $&#% Aalc'late the W:C(*)+ 061 ?ne p'rpose of compass cali-ration is to determine the de4iation1 RispostaA 1!0 P:6( /t on an5 headin ("" P:1" /t on a i4en headin (18 RispostaB 1!" P:61 /t at an5 latit'de 2(4 RispostaC 1!" P:6( /t on #2 S2 , and W onl5 0(8 RispostaD Check

061 An island appears (0 to the left of the centre line on an air-orne weather radar 0"4 displa5% What is the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the island if at the time of o-ser4ation the aircraft was on a ma netic headin of 276 with the ma netic 4ariation 12W+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e trac/ 180 =rift 89 Aompass headin 1!" =e4iation .2 Aalc'late 21W the 4ariation% 061 Aompass de4iation is defined as the an le -etween1 $a netic #orth and Aompass #orth 061 3i4en1 *r'e co'rse (00 drift 89 4ariation 10W de4iation .4 Aalc'late the compass headin % 061 3i4en1 tr'e trac/ ("2 4ariation 11 W de4iation is ." drift 109% Aalc'late the compass headin + 061 3i4en1 tr'e trac/ 070 4ariation (0W de4iation H1 drift 109 Aalc'late the compass headin + 061 *he an le -etween *r'e #orth and $a netic #orth is called1 061 =e4iation applied to ma netic headin 061 A na'tical mile is1 i4es1 (06 ("8 08! 4ariation compass headin 18"2 metres

2"W *r'e #orth and $a netic #orth (22 (46 0!1 de4iation tr'e headin 160! metres 0400'# 0(002'W

"W *r'e #orth and Aompass #orth 2!4 018 100 compass error ma netic co'rse 1012 metres 0400'# 0(000'W

!W the hori@ontal and the total intensit5 of the earth's ma netic field 278 02" 101 drift ma netic trac/ 1"00metres 0("8'# 0(002'W

061 An aircraft flies the followin rh'm- line trac/s and distances from position 0400'# 02!"8'W 0400'# 0(000'W1 600 #$ So'th2 then 600 #$ ,ast2 then 600 #$ #orth2 then 600 #$ West% *he final position of the aircraft is1 061 What is the final position after the followin rh'm- line trac/s and distances ha4e 6000'# 0!000'W -een followed from position 6000'# 0(000'W+ So'th for (600 #$2 ,ast for (600 #$2 #orth for (600 #$2 West for (600 #$% *he final position of the aircraft is1 061 3i4en1 *AS > 270 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 2702 Act'al wind 20"(*):(0/t2 Aalc'late 69 . 2"!/t the drift an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 270 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 14"2 Act'al wind > 20"(*):(0/t% Aalc'late 6< . 2"6 /t the drift an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 470 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > (17 W:C > 04"(*):4"/t Aalc'late the drift "< . 470 /t an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 140 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > (022 W:C > 04"(*):4"/t Aalc'late the drift 16< . 1"6 /t an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 2!0 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 1712 W:C > (10(*):(0/t Aalc'late the drift 4< . (14 /t an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 48" /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 2262 W:C > 110(*):!"/t% Aalc'late the drift !9 . "(( /t an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1!0 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 08"2 W:C > 110(*):"0/t% Aalc'late the drift 8< . 146 /t an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1(2 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 2"7 W:C > 0!"(*):("/t% Aalc'late the drift 49 . 16" /t an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > (70 /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 1812 W:C > 0!"(*):("/t% Aalc'late the tr'e 186 . (70 /t trac/ and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > (7" /t2 *r'e 8=3 > 1242 W:C > 1(0(*):""/t% Aalc'late the tr'e 12( . (20 /t trac/ and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 12" /t2 *r'e 8=3 > (""2 W:C > (20(*):(0/t% Aalc'late the tr'e 00" . 102 /t trac/ and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1!8 /t2 8=3 (*) > 1802 W:C > ("!:2"% Aalc'late the *rac/(*) 180 . 22( /t and 3S+

6000'# 0(000',

"!00'# 06000'W

"!00'# 0!000'W

6< . 2"6/t 69 . 2"1 /t (9 . 470 /t !9 . 14( /t 49 . (10 /t 79 . "(1 /t 7< . 1"6 /t 29 . 166 /t 176 . (70 /t 12" . (22 /t (4" . 100 /t 17! . 220 /t

69 . 2"1/t 89 . 261 /t "< . 47" /t !< . 146 /t 49 . (14 /t !9 . 4(( /t 4< . 168 /t 4< . 167 /t 1!2 . (70 /t 126 . (20 /t (48 . 102 /t 181 . 180 /t

89 . 2"!/t 69 . 2"! /t "9 . 47" /t 189 . 146 /t 4< . (10 /t 8< . 4(" /t 4< . 14" /t (< . 166 /t 18! . (70 /t 12" . (18 /t 002 . !8 /t 180 . 18( /t

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1(" /t2 8=3 (*) > 2782 W:C > 140:20/t Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 22" /t2 8=3 (*) > 12(2 W:C > 0!0:60/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 480 /t2 8=3 (*) > 0402 W:C > 0!0:60/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1"" /t2 8=3 (*) > 2162 W:C > 0!0:60/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S% 061 3i4en1 *AS > 170 /t2 8=3(*) > 1002 W:C > ("0:(0/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 2(" /t2 8=3 (*) > 076 W:C > 040:40/t% Aalc'late the drift an le and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 440 /t2 8=3 (*) > (4! W:C > 040:40/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 46" /t2 8=3 (*) > 1242 W:C > 170:80/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > !" /t2 8=3 (*) > 07"2 W:C > (10:20/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 140 /t2 8=3 (*) > 00"2 W:C > 26":2"/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1!0 /t2 8=3 (*) > (""2 W:C > 16":2"/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 2(0 /t2 8=3 (*) > 2"02 W:C > 20":10/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 20" /t2 8=3 (*) > 1802 W:C > 240:2"/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 2"0 /t2 8=3 (*) > 02!2 W:C > 0(":4"/t% Aalc'late the drift and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1(2 /t2 8=3 (*) > 0"(2 W:C > 20":1"/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > !0 /t2 8=3 (*) > (""2 W:C > 120:20/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 48" /t2 8=3 (*) > 1682 W:C > 1(0:7"/t% Aalc'late the *rac/ (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1"" /t2 *rac/ (*) > (0"2 W:C > 160:18/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1(0 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 00(2 W:C > 1!0:40/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 227 /t2 *rac/ (*) > (162 W:C > 20":1"/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 46" /t2 *rac/ (*) > 0072 W:C > (00:80/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 200 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 07(2 W:C > 210:20/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 200 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 1102 W:C > 01":40/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 270 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 2602 W:C > 27":(0/t% Aalc'late the 8=3 (*) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > (072 *AS > 2(0 /t2 *rac/ (*) > (1(2 3S > 210 /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 2((2 *AS > 480 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 2402 3S > "2( /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 1((2 *AS > 22" /t2 *rac/ (*) > 1442 3S > 206 /t% RispostaA 28( . 1"0 /t 1(4 . 178 /t 0(4 . 44" /t 2(1 . 1!6 /t 10! . 182 /t 79 . 204 /t 4< . 41" /t 8< . 41" /t !9 . 108 /t 109 . 146 /t 1< . 21" /t 29 . 22( /t 6< . 1!4 /t 1< . 20" /t 0"0 . 14" /t (46 . 102 /t 174 . 428 /t (01 . 16! /t 001 . 170 /t (12 . 2(2 /t ("8 . 428 /t 077 . 214 /t 0!! . 1!! /t 262 . 241 /t 260:(0/t 110:7"/t 07":4"/t 27! . 1"2 /t 1(4 . 188 /t 028 . 41" /t 224 . 17" /t 0!1 . 18( /t 7< . 26! /t 2< . 420 /t (< . 41" /t 10< . 104 /t !9 . 140 /t 1< . 22" /t 2< . 224 /t 7< . 1!2 /t 19 . 20" /t 0"7 . 144 /t 006 . !" /t 17( . 424 /t (0" . 16! /t 002 . 17( /t (11 . 2(0 /t 001 . 4(" /t 07! . 211 /t 121 . 207 /t 262 . 2(7 /t 2"7:("/t 11":70/t 070:40/t RispostaB 272 . 121 /t 120 . 1!0 /t 0(2 . 42" /t 222 . 181 /t 10( . 178 /t "< . 2"" /t 6< . (!" /t 4< . 400 /t !< . 10" /t 119 . 142 /t 19 . 17" /t 1< . 22" /t (< . 1!0 /t 1< . 26" /t 0"2 . 14( /t ("8 . 101 /t 17" . 420 /t (0! . 170 /t ("! . 166 /t (1( . 2(" /t 017 . 4!0 /t 07" . 21( /t 121 . 1!! /t 264 . 241 /t 2"":2"/t 110:80/t 070:4"/t RispostaC 27" . 1"0 /t 128 . 180 /t 0(6 . 4(" /t 226 . 186 /t 0!8 . 178 /t "9 . 207 /t "< . (8" /t 6< . 400 /t 89 . 104 /t 119 . 140 /t 19 . 16" /t 19 . 221 /t 4< . 1!" /t 19 . 2!" /t 0"1 . 144 /t ("! . 102 /t 17" . 4(2 /t (0! . 141 /t ("7 . 168 /t (10 . 2(( /t ("7 . "02 /t 077 . 210 /t 0!7 . 201 /t 264 . 2(7 /t 26":(0/t 10":7"/t 07":"0/t RispostaD Check

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 180:("/t 180:0"/t 010:"0/t 11":("/t 0!":20/t (40:"0/t 07"2 (! $&# 06! . 448 /t RispostaA 180:(0/t 000:0"/t 00":"0/t (60:("/t 0!0:1"/t ((":4"/t 0762 (4 $&# 068 . 460 /t RispostaB 18":("/t 000:10/t 010:""/t 180:("/t 0!0:20/t ((":""/t 0!62 2! $&# 078 . 4"0 /t RispostaC 180:40/t 180:10/t 010:4"/t 2!":("/t 0!":2"/t (40:4"/t 0!"2 (1 $&# 070 . 4"( /t RispostaD Check Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 0742 *AS > 2(0 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 0662 3S > 242 /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 2062 *AS > 140 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 2072 3S > 1(" /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 0"42 *AS > 4"0 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 0"!2 3S > 416 /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 14"2 *AS > 240 /t2 *rac/ (*) > 1"02 3S > 210 /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 0022 *AS > 1(0 /t2 *rac/ (*) > ("(2 3S > 1(2 /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e 8=3 > 0("2 *AS > 24" /t2 *rac/ (*) > 0462 3S > 220 /t% Aalc'late the W:C+ 061 3i4en1 co'rse re7'ired > 08" (*)2 Borecast W:C 0(0:100/t2 *AS > 470 /t2 =istance > 26" #$% Aalc'late the tr'e 8=3 and fli ht time+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e co'rse from A to ) > 0!02 *AS > 460 /t2 W:C > (60:100/t2 A4era e 4ariation > 10,2 =e4iation > .2% Aalc'late the compass headin and 3S+ 061 Bor a landin on r'nwa5 2( (227 ma netic) s'rface W:C reported -5 the A*&S is 180:(0/t% CA9 is 1(,% Aalc'late the cross wind component+ 061 3i4en1 $a6im'm allowa-le tailwind component for landin 10 /t% ;lanned r'nwa5 0" (047 ma netic)% *he direction of the s'rface wind reported -5 A*&S 210% Cariation is 17,% Aalc'late the ma6im'm allowa-le wind speed that can -e accepted witho't e6ceedin the tailwind limit+ 061 3i4en1 $a6im'm allowa-le crosswind component is 20 /t% 9'nwa5 062 9WG J=$ 06(($)% Wind direction 100($) Aalc'late the ma6im'm allowa-le wind speed+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e co'rse A to ) > 2"0 =istance A to ) > (1" #$ *AS > 4"0 /t% W:C > 200:60/t% ,*= A > 06"0 F*A% What is the ,*A at )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > "10 /t% =istance A to ) > 4( #$ What is the time ($&#) from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 122 /t% =istance from A to ) > !8" #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 2(6 /t% =istance from A to ) > ("4 #$ What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 4(" /t% =istance from A to ) > 1!20 #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > (4" /t% =istance from A to ) > ("60 #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 480 /t% =istance from A to ) > "(60 #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > !" /t% =istance from A to ) > 480 #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 10" /t% =istance from A to ) > 10( #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 120 /t% =istance from A to ) > 84 #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 3S > 1(" /t% =istance from A to ) > 4(( #$% What is the time from A to )+ 061 A strai ht line is drawn on a <am-erts conformal conic chart -etween two positions of different lon it'de% *he an 'lar difference -etween the initial tr'e trac/ and the final tr'e trac/ of the line is e7'al to1 061 An aircraft at B<(70 is re7'ired to commence descent at 120 #$ from a C?9

22 /t 11 /t

26 /t 18 /t

1" /t 8 /t

20 /t 1" /t

(( /t

(7 /t

26 /t

2" /t

07(6 F*A " 8 89 04 $&# 1 89 (0 $&# 4 89 2" $&# 10 89 1! $&# 11 89 10 $&# " 89 0( $&# 00 89 "! $&# 00 89 42 $&# ( 89 12 $&# chart con4er enc5

07(0 F*A 4 7 89 48 $&# 1 89 0! $&# ( 89 2" $&# 10 89 0" $&# 11 89 06 $&# 4 89 "! $&# 00 89 "7 $&# 00 89 4( $&# ( 89 2" $&# earth con4er enc5

0810 F*A 6 7 89 4! $&# 1 89 10 $&# ( 89 26 $&# 11 89 00 $&# 11 89 07 $&# " 89 00 $&# 00 89 "8 $&# 00 89 44 $&# ( 89 1! $&# con4ersion an le

0716 F*A 7 8 89 10 $&# 1 89 40 $&# 4 89 10 $&# 11 89 02 $&# 11 89 1" $&# " 89 08 $&# 01 89 01 $&# 00 89 4" $&# ( 89 20 $&# difference in lon it'de

!60 B*:$&#

860 B*:$&#

8!0 B*:$&#

!20 B*:$&#

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA and to cross the facilit5 at B<1(0% &f the mean 3S for the descent is 288 /t2 the minim'm rate of descent re7'ired is1 061 An aircraft at B<(102 $0%8(2 temperat're .(0A2 is re7'ired to red'ce speed in $0%74 order to cross a reportin point fi4e min'tes later than planned% Ass'min that a @ero wind component remains 'nchan ed2 when (60 #$ from the reportin point $ach #'m-er sho'ld -e red'ced to1 061 A ro'nd feat're was o-ser4ed on a relati4e -earin of (2" and fi4e min'tes (0 #$ and 240 later on a relati4e -earin of 280% *he aircraft headin was 16"($)2 4ariation 2"W2 drift 109i ht and 3S (60 /t% When the relati4e -earin was 2802 the distance and tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the feat're was1 061 An aircraft at B<("0 is re7'ired to descend to cross a =$, facilit5 at B<80% 6! #$ $a6im'm rate of descent is 1800 B*:$&# and mean 3S for descent is 276 /t% *he minim'm ran e from the =$, at which descent sho'ld start is1 061 An aircraft at B<1202 &AS 200/t2 ?A* ." and wind component H(0/t2 is 1"! /t re7'ired to red'ce speed in order to cross a reportin point " $&# later than planned% Ass'min fli ht conditions do not chan e2 when 100 #$ from the reportin point &AS sho'ld -e red'ced to1 061 3i4en1 9'nwa5 direction 08(($)2 S'rface W:C 0(":("/t% Aalc'late the 24 /t effecti4e headwind component+ 061 Appro6imatel5 how man5 na'tical miles correspond to 12 cm on a map with a 1(0 scale of 11 2 000 000+ 061 An aircraft at B<("0 is re7'ired to cross a C?9:=$, facilit5 at B<110 and to 1(40 B*:$&# commence descent when 100 #$ from the facilit5% &f the mean 3S for the descent is ((" /t2 the minim'm rate of descent re7'ired is1 061 An aircraft at B<(702 $0%862 ?A* .44A2 headwind component 110 /t2 is $0%81 re7'ired to red'ce speed in order to cross a reportin point " $&# later than planned% &f the speed red'ction were to -e made 420 #$ from the reportin point2 what $ach #'m-er is re7'ired+ 061 3i4en1 Bor ta/e.off an aircraft re7'ires a headwind component of at least 10 /t 20 /t and 40 /t and has a cross.wind limitation of (" /t% *he an le -etween the wind direction and the r'nwa5 is 602 Aalc'late the minim'm and ma6im'm allowa-le wind speeds+ 061 An aircraft at B<(!0 is re7'ired to descend to cross a =$, facilit5 at B<70% "( #$ $a6im'm rate of descent is 2"00 B*:$&#2 mean 3S d'rin descent is 248 /t% What is the minim'm ran e from the =$, at which descent sho'ld commence+ 061 3i4en1 9'nwa5 direction 2(0(*)2 S'rface W:C 280(*):40 /t% Aalc'late the (1 /t effecti4e cross.wind component+ 061 An aircraft at B<(70 is re7'ired to commence descent when 100 #$ from a 16"0 B*:$&# =$, facilit5 and to cross the station at B<120% &f the mean 3S d'rin the descent is (!6 /t2 the minim'm rate of descent re7'ired is appro6imatel51 061 An aircraft at B<1402 &AS 210 /t2 ?A* ."A and wind component min's (" /t2 is 20 /t re7'ired to red'ce speed in order to cross a reportin point " $&# later than planned% Ass'min that fli ht conditions do not chan e2 when 1"0 #$ from the reportin point the &AS sho'ld -e red'ced -51 061 A <am-ert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0%7"% *he initial (4W co'rse of a strai ht line trac/ drawn on this chart from A (40# 0"0W) to ) is 04((*) at AE co'rse at ) is 0""(*)% What is the lon it'de of )+ 061 3i4en1 9'nwa5 direction 210($)2 S'rface W:C 2(0($):(0/t% Aalc'late the 10 /t cross.wind component+ 061 At 0422 an aircraft at B<(702 3S (20/t2 is on the direct trac/ to C?9 'L' 18" #$ 044" distant% *he aircraft is re7'ired to cross C?9 'L' at B<80% Bor a mean rate of descent of 1800 B*:$&# at a mean 3S of 2(2 /t2 the latest time at which to commence descent is1 061 An aircraft at B<((0 is re7'ired to commence descent when 6" #$ from a C?9 1!"0 B*:$&# and to cross the C?9 at B<100% *he mean 3S d'rin the descent is ((0 /t% What RispostaB RispostaC RispostaD Check

$0%76

$0%78

$0%80

40 #$ and 110

40 #$ and 2!0

(0 #$ and 060

7! #$

4! #$

"! #$

16" /t

16! /t

174 /t

27 /t 1"0 1(!0 B*:$&#

(1 /t (2! 1240 B*:$&#

(4 /t 4( 12!0 B*:$&#

$0%7(

$0%7"

$0%7!

12 /t and (8 /t

1" /t and 4( /t

18 /t and "0 /t

"8 #$

6( #$

68 #$

(6 /t 2400 B*:$&#

21 /t 1000 B*:$&#

26 /t 1""0 B*:$&#

2" /t

(0 /t

1" /t

(6W

(8W

41W

1! /t 0448

16 /t 04"1

1( /t 04"4

16"0 B*:$&#

17"0 B*:$&#

18"0 B*:$&#

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda is the minim'm rate of descent re7'ired+ 061 An aircraft o-tains a relati4e -earin of (1" from an #=) at 08(0% At 0840 the 40 #$ relati4e -earin from the same #=) is 270% Ass'min no drift and a 3S of 240 /t2 what is the appro6imate ran e from the #=) at 0840+ 061 *he e7'i4alent of 70 m:sec is appro6imatel51 1(6 /t 061 An aircraft at B<2!0 is re7'ired to commence descent when "0 #$ from a C?9 and to cross that C?9 at B<80% $ean 3S d'rin descent is 271/t% What is the minim'm rate of descent re7'ired+ 061 A <am-ert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0%80% A strai ht line co'rse drawn on this chart from A ("(# 004W) to ) is 080 at AE co'rse at ) is 0!2(*)% What is the lon it'de of )+ 061 3i4en1 9'nwa5 direction (0"($)2 S'rface W:C 260($):(0 /t% Aalc'late the cross.wind component+ 061 An aircraft at B<("0 is re7'ired to commence descent when 8" #$ from a C?9 and to cross the C?9 at B<80% *he mean 3S for the descent is (40 /t% What is the minim'm rate of descent re7'ired+ 061 An island is o-ser4ed -5 weather radar to -e 1" to the left% *he aircraft headin is 120($) and the ma netic 4ariation 17W% What is the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the island+ 061 *he distance -etween positions A and ) is 180 #$% An aircraft departs position A and after ha4in tra4elled 60 #$2 its position is pinpointed 4 #$ left of the intended trac/% Ass'min no chan e in wind 4elocit52 what alteration of headin m'st -e made in order to arri4e at position )+ 061 Aomplete the followin statement re ardin ma netic 4ariation% *he charted 4al'es of ma netic 4ariation on earth normall5 chan e ann'all5 d'e to1 061 Which of the followin statements is correct concernin the effect of t'rnin errors on a direct readin compass+ 061 Which of the followin is an occasion for carr5in o't a compass swin on a =irect 9eadin Aompass+ 061 J'estion to -e deleted1 Which of the followin statements concernin earth ma netism is completel5 correct+ 1!00 B*:$&# RispostaA "0 #$ RispostaB 60 #$ RispostaC (0 #$ RispostaD Check

14" /t 2000 B*:$&#

210 /t 1700 B*:$&#

(" /t 1800 B*:$&#

011,

00!(6',

008,

01!,

21 /t 1800 B*:$&#

24 /t 1!00 B*:$&#

27 /t 1600 B*:$&#

18 /t 1700 B*:$&#

268

(02

088

122

6 9i ht

8 9i ht

2 <eft

4 9i ht

ma netic pole mo4ement ca'sin ma netic pole mo4ement ca'sin n'merical 4al'es at all locations to n'merical 4al'es at all locations to increase or decrease increase% *'rnin errors are reatest on north:so'th *'rnin errors are reatest on headin s2 and are reatest at hi h east:west headin s2 and are least at latit'des hi h latit'des After an aircraft has passed thro' h a )efore an aircraft oes on an5 fli ht se4ere electrical storm2 or has -een str'c/ that in4ol4es a lar e chan e of -5 li htnin ma netic latit'de An iso onal is a line which connects An iso onal is a line which connects places with the same ma netic 4ariationE places with the same ma netic the aclinic is the line of @ero ma netic 4ariationE the a onic line is the line dip of @ero ma netic dip 117%7 #$

a red'cin field stren th ca'sin an increasin field stren th ca'sin n'merical 4al'es at all locations to n'merical 4al'es at all locations to decrease% increase% *'rnin errors are reatest on *'rnin errors are reatest on north:so'th headin s2 and are least at east:west headin s2 and are reatest hi h latit'des at hi h latit'des After an5 of the aircraft radio e7'ipment Whene4er an aircraft carries a lar e has -een chan ed d'e to 'nser4icea-ilit5 frei ht load re ardless of its content An iso onal is a line which connects An iso onal is a line which connects places of e7'al dipE the aclinic is the line places with the same ma netic of @ero ma netic dip 4ariationE the aclinic connects places with the same ma netic field stren th 124%2 #$ 118%2 #$

061 ?n a =irect $ercator chart at latit'de 1"S2 a certain len th represents a distance 122%( #$ of 120 #$ on the earth% *he same len th on the chart will represent on the earth2 at latit'de 10#2 a distance of1 061 ?n a =irect $ercator chart at latit'de of 4"#2 a certain len th represents a 110 #$ distance of !0 #$ on the earth% *he same len th on the chart will represent on the earth2 at latit'de (0#2 a distance of1 061 &n an &nertial #a4i ation S5stem (&#S)2 3ro'nd Speed (3S) is calc'lated1 -5 inte ratin meas'red acceleration 061 &n which two months of the 5ear is the difference -etween the transit of the Be-r'ar5 and #o4em-er Apparent S'n and $ean S'n across the 3reenwich $eridian the reatest+ 061 What is the hi hest latit'de listed -elow at which the s'n will reach an altit'de of 2( !0 a-o4e the hori@on at some time d'rin the 5ear+ 061 Ass'min mid.latit'des (40 to "0#:S)% At which time of 5ear is the relationship Sprin e7'ino6 and a't'mn e7'ino6 -etween the len th of da5 and ni ht2 as well as the rate of chan e of declination of the s'n2 chan in at the reatest rate+ 061 At what appro6imate date is the earth f'rthest from the s'n (aphelion)+ )e innin of I'l5

7(%" #$

78 #$

4" #$

from *AS and W:C from Air =ata Aomp'ter (A=A) $arch and Septem-er 4"

from *AS and W:C from 9#AC data I'ne and =ecem-er 66

-5 inte ratin 5ro precession in #:S and ,:W directions respecti4el5 April and A' 'st 0 Winter solstice and a't'mn e7'ino6

S'mmer solstice and sprin e7'ino6 s'mmer solstice and winter solstice

,nd of =ecem-er

)e innin of Ian'ar5

,nd of Septem-er

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA 061 A fli ht is to -e made from 'A' 4!S 180,:W to ')' "8S2 180,:W% *he distance 1000 in /ilometres from 'A' to ')' is appro6imatel51 061 An aircraft at position 60# 00"W trac/s 0!0(*) for (1" /m% ?n completion of 00040', the fli ht the lon it'de will -e1 061 *he 'depart're' -etween positions 60# 160, and 60# '6' is !00 #$% What is 170W the lon it'de of '6'+ 061 An aircraft at latit'de 0220'# trac/s 180(*) for 68" /m% ?n completion of the 0("0'S fli ht the latit'de will -e1 061 An aircraft at latit'de 10 So'th flies north at a 3S of 8!0 /m:8r% What will its 0200'# latit'de -e after 1%" 89+ 061 An aircraft at latit'de 10#orth flies so'th at a ro'ndspeed of 44" /m:8r% What 0200'S will -e its latit'de after ( 89+ 061 *he main reason for mo'ntin the detector 'nit of a remote readin compass in to minimise the amo'nt of de4iation the win tip of an aeroplane is1 ca'sed -5 aircraft ma netism and electrical circ'its 061 ?n a trans4erse $ercator chart2 the scale is e6actl5 correct alon the1 061 ?n a trans4erse $ercator chart2 with the e6ception of the ,7'ator2 parallels of latit'de appear as1 061 An ?-li7'e $ercator pro0ection is 'sed specificall5 to prod'ce1 061 *rans4erse $ercator pro0ections are 'sed for1 061 3i4en1 =istance A to ) > 120 #$2 After (0 #$ aircraft is ( #$ to the left of co'rse% What headin alteration sho'ld -e made in order to arri4e at point ')'+ 061 An aircraft was o4er 'A' at 14(" ho'rs fl5in direct to ')'% 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 2!00 #$ *r'e airspeed 470 /t $ean wind component 'o't' H"" /t $ean wind component '-ac/' .7" /t *he ,*A for reachin the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'A' and ')' is1 061 An aircraft was o4er 'A' at 14(" ho'rs fl5in direct to ')'% 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 2!00 #$ *r'e airspeed 470 /t $ean wind component 'o't' H"" /t $ean wind component '-ac/' .7" /t Safe end'rance ! 89 (0 $&# *he distance from 'A' to the ;oint of Safe 9et'rn (;S9) 'A' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 2484 #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' 420 /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' "00 /t *he time from 'A' to the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'A' and ')' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 2484 #$ $ean ro'ndspeed 'o't' 420 /t $ean ro'ndspeed '-ac/' "00 /t Safe end'rance 08 89 (0 $&# *he distance from 'A' to the ;oint of Safe 9et'rn (;S9) 'A' is1 061 An aircraft was o4er 'J' at 1(20 ho'rs fl5in direct to '9'% 3i4en1 =istance 'J' to '9' (016 #$ *r'e airspeed 480 /t $ean wind component 'o't' .!0 /t $ean wind component '-ac/' H7" /t *he ,*A for reachin the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'J' and '9' is1 061 An aircraft was o4er 'J' at 1(20 ho'rs fl5in direct to '9'% 3i4en1 =istance 'J' to '9' (016 #$ *r'e airspeed 480 /t $ean wind component 'o't' .!0 /t $ean wind component '-ac/' H7" /t Safe end'rance 10100 89 *he distance from 'J' to the ;oint of Safe 9et'rn (;S9) 'J' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 1!7( #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' 4(0 /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' (8" /t *he time from 'A' to the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'A' and ')' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 1!7( #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' 4(0 /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' (8" /t Safe end'rance 7 89 20 $&# *he distance from 'A' to the ;oint of Safe 9et'rn (;S9) 'A' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 2(46 #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' (6" /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' 480 /t *he time from 'A' to the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'A' and ')' is1 meridians of tan enc5 ellipses charts of the reat circle ro'te -etween two points maps of lar e north:so'th e6tent 8 ri ht 16"7 RispostaB 1222 00"1"', 140W 0410'S 121"'# 121"'S to ma6imise the 'nits e6pos're to the earth's ma netic field "40 00210'W 14", 04(0'S 2200'# 2200'S to ens're that the 'nit is in the most accessi-le position on the aircraft for ease of maintenance RispostaC 804 0001"', 17", 0!0"'S 0("0'# 0("0'S RispostaD Check

e7'ator and parallel of ori in strai ht lines radio na4i ational charts in e7'atorial re ions maps of lar e east:west e6tent in e7'atorial areas 6 ri ht 1744

-5 ha4in detector 'nits on -oth win tips2 to cancel o't the de4iation effects ca'sed -5 the aircraft str'ct're meridian of tan enc5 and the parallel of prime meridian and the e7'ator latit'de perpendic'lar to it h5per-olic lines para-olas topo raphical maps of lar e east: west e6tent radio na4i ation charts in e7'atorial areas 4 ri ht 1846 plottin charts in e7'atorial re ions plottin charts in e7'atorial areas 8 left 1721

2141 #$

1611 #$

17"! #$

2844 #$

1!( $&# 1!40 #$

16( $&# 1!08 #$

17( $&# 17(6 #$

18( $&# 16(0 #$

17"2

17"6

1820

1742

22!0 #$

2(70 #$

1(10 #$

1"10 #$

1(0 $&# 14!0 #$

14" $&# 1664 #$

162 $&# 16!8 #$

181 $&# 1422 #$

21! $&#

2!0 $&#

1!7 $&#

167 $&#

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' 2(46 #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' (6" /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' 2!0 $&# 480 /t Safe end'rance 8 89 (0 $&# *he time from 'A' to the ;oint of Safe 9et'rn (;S9) 'A' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'J' to '9' 1760 #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' 4(" /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' 114 $&# (8" /t *he time from 'J' to the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'J' and '9' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'J' to '9' 1760 #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' 4(" /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' 18(8 #$ (8" /t Safe end'rance ! 89 *he distance from 'J' to the ;oint of Safe 9et'rn (;S9) -etween 'J' and '9' is1 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' (62( #$ 3ro'ndspeed 'o't' (70 /t 3ro'ndspeed '-ac/' 26( $&# (00 /t *he time from 'A' to the ;oint of ,7'al *ime (;,*) -etween 'A' and ')' is1 061 A ro'nd feat're was o-ser4ed on a relati4e -earin of (1" and ( $&# later on a ! #$ relati4e -earin of 270% *he W:C is calmE aircraft 3S 180 /t% What is the minim'm distance -etween the aircraft and the ro'nd feat're+ 061 An island is o-ser4ed to -e 1" to the left% *he aircraft headin is 120($)2 088 4ariation 17(W)% *he -earin (*) from the aircraft to the island is1 061 An aircraft is planned to fl5 from position 'A' to position ')'2 distance 480 #$ at 1206 an a4era e 3S of 240 /t% &t departs 'A' at 1000 F*A% After fl5in 1"0 #$ alon trac/ from 'A'2 the aircraft is 2 $&# -ehind planned time% Fsin the act'al 3S e6perienced2 what is the re4ised ,*A at ')'+ 061 An aircraft is planned to fl5 from position 'A' to position ')'2 distance (20 #$2 at 1((( F*A an a4era e 3S of 180 /t% &t departs 'A' at 1200 F*A% After fl5in 70 #$ alon trac/ from 'A'2 the aircraft is ( $&# ahead of planned time% Fsin the act'al 3S e6perienced2 what is the re4ised ,*A at ')'+ 061 An aircraft is planned to fl5 from position 'A' to position ')'2 distance 2"0 #$ at 111" F*A an a4era e 3S of 11" /t% &t departs 'A' at 0!00 F*A% After fl5in 7" #$ alon trac/ from 'A'2 the aircraft is 1%" $&# -ehind planned time% Fsin the act'al 3S e6perienced2 what is the re4ised ,*A at ')'+ 061 3i4en1 $a netic trac/ > 07"2 8=3 > 066($)2 CA9 > 11,2 *AS > 27" /t (40:4" /t Aircraft flies 48 #$ in 10 $&#% Aalc'late the tr'e W:C + 061 3i4en1 $a netic trac/ > 2102 $a netic 8=3 > 21"2 CA9 > 1",2 *AS > (60 26":"0 /t /t2 Aircraft flies 64 #$ in 12 $&#% Aalc'late the tr'e W:C+ 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' is 47" #$2 ;lanned 3S (1" /t2 A*= 1000 F*A2 1040 (40 /t F*A . fi6 o-tained 1!0 #$ alon trac/% What 3S m'st -e maintained from the fi6 in order to achie4e planned ,*A at ')'+ 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' is (2" #$2 ;lanned 3S (1" /t2 A*= 11(0 F*A2 120" ("" /t F*A . fi6 o-tained 16" #$ alon trac/% What 3S m'st -e maintained from the fi6 in order to achie4e planned ,*A at ')'+ 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' is 100 #$2 Bi6 o-tained 40 #$ alon and 6 #$ to the 1" 9i ht left of co'rse% What headin alteration m'st -e made to reach ')'+ 061 3i4en1 =istance 'A' to ')' is !0 #$2 Bi6 o-tained 60 #$ alon and 4 #$ to the 12 <eft ri ht of co'rse% What headin alteration m'st -e made to reach ')'+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.!4(7A) Aomplete line 1 of the 'B<&38* 268 . 1114 F*A #AC&3A*&?# <?3'E positions 'A' to ')'% What is the 8=3($) and ,*A+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.!4(8A) Aomplete line 2 of the 'B<&38* 8=3 1!( . ,*A 12(! F*A #AC&3A*&?# <?3'2 positions 'A' to '='% What is the 8=3($) and ,*A+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.!4(!A) Aomplete line ( of the 'B<&38* 8=3 10" . ,*A 120" F*A #AC&3A*&?# <?3'2 positions ',' to 'B'% What is the 8=3($) and ,*A+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.!440A) Aomplete line 4 of the 'B<&38* 8=3 (44 . ,*A 1((6 F*A #AC&3A*&?# <?3'2 positions '3' to '8'% What is the 8=3($) and ,*A+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.!441A) Aomplete line " of the 'B<&38* 8=3 ((7 . ,*A 1422 F*A #AC&3A*&?# <?3'2 positions 'I' to 'O'% What is the 8=3($) and ,*A+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.!442A) Aomplete line 6 of the 'B<&38* 8=3 07" . ,*A 1"02 F*A #AC&3A*&?# <?3'2 positions '<' to '$'% What is the 8=3($) and ,*A+ 061 *he res'ltant of the first inte ration of the o'tp't from the east:west 4elocit5 alon the local parallel of RispostaB 21! $&# 1!7 $&# RispostaC 20! $&# RispostaD Check

110 $&# 1(1( #$

106 $&# 1467 #$

102 $&# 1642 #$

288 $&# 12 #$

(2( $&# ( #$

2(8 $&# 6 #$

122 120(

268 11"(

(02 11"7

1401 F*A

1(47 F*A

1(40 F*A

1110 F*A

1044 F*A

10"0 F*A

(20:"0 /t 1!":"0 /t (60 /t%

210:1" /t 2(":"0 /t (00 /t

180:4" /t (00:(0 /t (20 /t%

(7" /t

(!" /t

((" /t

! 9i ht 16 <eft 282 . 1128 F*A 8=3 188 . ,*A 122! F*A 8=3 0!" . ,*A 11"" F*A 8=3 ("4 . ,*A 1(26 F*A 8=3 (20 . ,*A 1412 F*A 8=3 064 . ,*A 144! F*A chan e of lon it'de

6 9i ht 4 <eft 282 . 1114 F*A 8=3 1!( . ,*A 124! F*A 8=3 106 . ,*A 121" F*A 8=3 0(4 . ,*A 1((6 F*A 8=3 ((7 . ,*A 1(22 F*A 8=3 07" . ,*A 14"2 F*A 4ehicle lon it'de

18 9i ht 8 <eft 268 . 1128 F*A 8=3 18( . ,*A 11"! F*A 8=3 11" . ,*A 114" F*A 8=3 (44 . ,*A 1(0( F*A 8=3 (20 . ,*A 14(2 F*A 8=3 070 . ,*A 14"! F*A depart're

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda accelerometer of an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S) in #AC $?=, is1 061 Which of the followin lists2 which compares an &nertial 9eference S5stem that 'tilises 9in <aser 35roscopes (9<3) instead of con4entional 5roscopes2 is completel5 correct+ 061 *he principle of 'Sch'ler *'nin ' as applied to the operation of &nertial #a4i ation S5stems: &nertial 9eference S5stems is applica-le to1 RispostaB latit'de *here is little or no 'spin 'p' time and it is *he platform is /ept sta-le relati4e insensiti4e to ra4itational (' ') forces to the earth mathematicall5 rather than mechanicall5 -'t it has a lon er 'spin 'p' time -oth 5ro.sta-ilised platform and onl5 5ro.sta-ilised s5stems 'strapdown' s5stems ro'ndspeed 4ehicle lon it'de will accept a 10 error in initial latit'de -'t will not accept a 10 error in initial lon it'de 35ro.compassin of an &#S is possi-le in fli ht -eca'se it can differentiate -etween mo4ement ind'ced and misali nment ind'ced accelerations% 8=3:=A RispostaA RispostaC RispostaD Check &t does not s'ffer from 'loc/ in' error and *here is little or no 'spin 'p' time and it is insensiti4e to ra4itational (' ') it does not s'ffer from 'loc/ in' error forces -oth 5ro.sta-ilised and laser 5ro s5stems -'t onl5 when operatin in the non 'strapdown' mode chan e latit'de distance north:so'th will not accept a 10 error in initial latit'de or initial lon it'de 35ro.compassin of an &#S is possi-le in fli ht -eca'se it cannot differentiate -etween mo4ement ind'ced and misali nment ind'ced accelerations% *O:3S onl5 to 'strapdown' laser 5ro s5stems latit'de 4elocit5 east:west will accept a 10 error in initial latit'de and initial lon it'de 35ro.compassin of an &#S is not possi-le in fli ht -eca'se it can differentiate -etween mo4ement ind'ced and misali nment ind'ced accelerations% L*O:*O,

061 *he res'ltant of the first inte ration from the north:so'th accelerometer of an 4elocit5 alon the local meridian inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S) in the #AC $?=, is1 061 =o'-le inte ration of the o'tp't from the east:west accelerometer of an inertial distance east:west na4i ation s5stem (&#S) in the #AC $?=, i4e1 061 ='rin the initial ali nment of an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S) the e7'ipment1 will not accept a 10 error in initial latit'de -'t will accept a 10 error in initial lon it'de 061 Which of the followin statement is correct concernin 5ro.compassin of an 35ro.compassin of an &#S is not inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S)+ possi-le in fli ht -eca'se it cannot differentiate -etween mo4ement ind'ced and misali nment ind'ced accelerations% 061 With reference to an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S)2 the initial reat circle trac/ =S9*O:S*S -etween comp'ter inserted wa5points will -e displa5ed when the control displa5 'nit (A=F) is selected to1 061 35rocompassin of an inertial reference s5stem (&9S) is accomplished with the A<&3# mode selector switched to1 061 *he followin points are entered into an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S)% W;* 11 a ! decrease 60# (0W W;* 21 60# 20W W;* (1 60# 10W *he inertial na4i ation s5stem is connected to the a'tomatic pilot on ro'te (1.2.()% *he trac/ chan e when passin W;* 2 will -e appro6imatel51 061 *he a'tomatic fli ht control s5stem (ABAS) in an aircraft is co'pled to the ! less than the final one 'idance o'tp'ts from an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S) and the aircraft is fl5in from wa5point #o% 2 (6000'S 07000'W) to #o% ( (6000'S 08000'W)% Aomparin the initial trac/ (*) at 07000'W and the final trac/ (*) at 08000'W2 the difference -etween them is that the initial trac/ is appro6imatel51 061 *he a'tomatic fli ht control s5stem is co'pled to the 'idance o'tp'ts from an 60# to 60# inertial na4i ation s5stem% Which pair of latit'des will i4e the reatest difference -etween initial trac/ read.o't and the a4era e tr'e co'rse i4en2 in each case2 a difference of lon it'de of 10+ 061 *he a'tomatic fli ht control s5stem (ABAS) in an aircraft is co'pled to the 274 'idance o'tp'ts from an inertial na4i ation s5stem (&#S)% *he aircraft is fl5in -etween inserted wa5points #o% ( (""00'# 02000'W) and #o%4 (""00'# 0(000'W)% With =S9*O:S*S selected on the A=F2 to the nearest whole de ree2 the initial trac/ read.o't from wa5point #o% ( will -e1 061 Which of the followin lists the order of a4aila-le selections on the $ode ?BB . A<&3# . #AC . A** Selector switches of a 7(7.400 &nertial 9eference S5stem+ 061 What is the effect on the $ach n'm-er and *AS in an aircraft that is clim-in $ach n'm-er increasesE *AS increases with constant AAS+ 061 3i4en1 *AS > 1!7 /t2 *r'e co'rse > 2402 W:C > 180:(0/t% =escent is initiated 1400 B*:$&# at B< 220 and completed at B< 40% =istance to -e co4ered d'rin descent is (! #$% What is the appro6imate rate of descent+ 061 3i4en1 &<S 3; an le > (%" =,32 3S > 1"0 /t% What is the appro6imate rate of !00 B*:$&# descent+ 061 3i4en1 aircraft hei ht 2"00 B*2 &<S 3; an le (% At what appro6imate distance 8%( #$ from *89 can 5o' e6pect to capt're the 3;+

S*)G @ero

A**:9,B a ! increase

?# a 4 decrease

" reater than the final one

! reater than the final one

" less than the final one

60# to "0#

(0S to (0#

(0S to 2"S

278

266

270

?BB . ?# . A<&3# . #AC $ach n'm-er remains constantE *AS increases 800 B*:$&#

?BB . S*)G . A<&3# . #AC

?BB . A<&3# . A** . #AC

$ach n'm-er decreasesE *AS decreases $ach n'm-er increasesE *AS remains constant !"0 B*:$&# 1"00 B*:$&#

1000 B*:$&# 7%0 #$

700 B*:$&# 1(%1 #$

800 B*:$&# 14%" #$

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 0(! . 48 #$ =$, distance from A9O C?9:=$, (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) to position #"2(0 W007"0+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 11( . (8 #$ =$, distance from A9O C?9:=$, (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) to position #"140 W007(0+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and (0! . (( #$ =$, distance from S8A C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) to position #"(00 W00!40+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 0(" . (0 #$ =$, distance from S8A C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) to position #"(10 W008(0+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 1(! . (" #$ =$, distance from S8A C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) to position #"220 W00810+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 214 . (7 #$ =$, distance from S8A C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) to position #"210 W00!20+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and ("8 . (6 #$ =$, distance from A?# C?9:=$, (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) to position #"4(0 W00!00+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 088 . 2! #$ =$, distance from A?# C?9:=$, (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) to position #"400 W00800+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 140 . 2( #$ =$, distance from A?# C?9:=$, (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) to position #"(40 W00820+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 2(( . (" #$ =$, distance from A?# C?9:=$, (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) to position #"((0 W00!(0+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 2(6 . 44 #$ =$, distance from ),< C?9:=$, (#"4(!%7 W0061(%8) to position #"410 W00710+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 278 . 44 #$ =$, distance from ),< C?9:=$, (#"4(!%7 W0061(%8) to position #"440 W007(0+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and (1" . (4 #$ =$, distance from ),< C?9:=$, (#"4(!%7 W0061(%8) to position #""00 W00700+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 278 . !0 #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween W*= #=) (#"211%( W0070"%0) and O,9 #=) (#"210%! W00!(1%")+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e ("7 . 8! #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) and A9# #=) (#"(18%1 W008"6%")+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 142 . !" #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween A9# #=) (#"(18%1 W008"6%") and W*= #=) (#"211%( W0070"%0)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 026 . 71 #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween W*= #=) (#"211%( W0070"%0) and )A< C?9 (#"(18%0 W00626%!)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 02" . 70 #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween O,9 #=) (#"210%! W00!(1%") and A9# #=) (#"(18%1 W008"6%")+ RispostaB 024 . 4( #$ RispostaC 02( . 48 #$ RispostaD 017 . 4( #$ Check

104 . 76 #$

2!( . (! #$

106 . (8 #$

0"7 . 27 #$

2!( . (( #$

(24 . 17 #$

070 . "8 #$

207 . (1 #$

01! . (1 #$

12! . 46 #$

1(2 . (6 #$

212 . 26 #$

("4 . (4 #$

1!8 . (7 #$

(46 . (4 #$

214 . 26 #$

04! . 4" #$

16! . (" #$

(20 . 8 #$

0!4 . 64 #$

260 . (0 #$

11! . 42 #$

(11 . 22 #$

240 . 24 #$

16" . 27 #$

((" . 4( #$

02" . (8 #$

22( . (6 #$

(20 . 44 #$

((( . (6 #$

0!0 . 46 #$

278 . 10 #$

0!8 . 4" #$

2!6 . 6" #$

126 . (( #$

222 . 48 #$

0!0 . !1 #$

270 . 8! #$

0!8 . !0 #$

16! . !1 #$

(4! . !0 #$

177 . !2 #$

(1" . !4 #$

1(" . !6 #$

(22 . !" #$

018 . 1"( #$

206 . 71 #$

1!8 . 72 #$

1!7 . 71 #$

20" . 71 #$

017 . 70 #$

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 What is the so'rce of ma netic 4ariation information in a Bli ht $ana ement S5stem (B$S)+ RispostaD Check $a netic 4ariation is calc'lated -5 each &9S -ased on the respecti4e &9S position and the aircraft ma netic headin 061 Where and when are the &9S positions 'pdated+ ='rin fli ht &9S positions are &9S positions are 'pdated -5 pressin Fpdatin is normall5 carried o't -5 a'tomaticall5 'pdated -5 the B$A the '*a/e.off: 3o.aro'nd' -'tton at the the crew when o4er.fl5in a /nown start of the ta/e.off roll position (C?9 station or #=)) 061 A** $ode of the &nertial 9eference S5stem (&9S) is a -ac/.'p mode pro4idin 1 onl5 attit'de and headin information onl5 attit'de information na4i ation information altit'de2 headin and position information 061 Which of the followin statements concernin the position indicated on the &t is not 'pdated once the &9S mode is set &t is constantl5 'pdated from &t is 'pdated when ' o.aro'nd' is selected *he positions from the two &9Ss are &nertial 9eference S5stem (&9S) displa5 is correct+ to #AC information o-tained -5 the B$A on ta/e.off compared to o-tain a '-est position' which is displa5ed on the &9S 061 Which of the followin statements concernin the loss of ali nment -5 an &nertial *he na4i ation mode2 incl'din present *he &9S has to -e co'pled to the *he mode selector has to -e rotated to &t is not 'sa-le in an5 mode and m'st 9eference S5stem (&9S) in fli ht is correct+ position and ro'nd speed o'tp'ts2 is remainin ser4icea-le s5stem and a A** then -ac/ thro' h A<&3# to #AC -e sh't down for the rest of the fli ht inoperati4e for the remainder of the fli ht reali nment carried o't in fli ht in order to o-tain an in.fli ht reali nment 061 An island appears 60 to the left of the centre line on an air-orne weather radar 046 086 226 026 displa5% What is the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the island if at the time of o-ser4ation the aircraft was on a ma netic headin ($8) of 276 with the ma netic 4ariation (CA9) 10,+ 061 An island appears 4" to the ri ht of the centre line on an air-orne weather radar 0"! 101 2(! (2! displa5% What is the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the island if at the time of o-ser4ation the aircraft was on a ma netic headin ($8) of 21" with the ma netic 4ariation (CA9) 21W+ 061 An island appears (0 to the ri ht of the centre line on an air-orne weather radar 220 1(0 160 1!0 displa5% What is the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the island if at the time of o-ser4ation the aircraft was on a ma netic headin ($8) of ("" with the ma netic 4ariation (CA9) 1",+ 061 An island appears (0 to the left of the centre line on an air-orne weather radar 14" 1!" 20" (2" displa5% What is the tr'e -earin of the aircraft from the island if at the time of o-ser4ation the aircraft was on a ma netic headin ($8) of 020 with the ma netic 4ariation (CA9) 2"W+ 061 ;ermanent ma netism in aircraft arises chiefl5 from1 hammerin 2 and the effect of the earth's e6pos're to the earth's ma netic the com-ined effect of aircraft electrical the effect of internal wirin and ma netic field2 whilst 'nder constr'ction field d'rin normal operation e7'ipment and the earth's ma netic field e6pos're to electrical storms 061 *he main reason for 's'all5 mo'ntin the detector 'nit of a remote indicatin red'ce the amo'nt of de4iation ca'sed -5 facilitate eas5 maintenance of the place it in a position where there is no place it where it will not -e compass in the win tip of an aeroplane is to1 aircraft ma netism and electrical circ'its 'nit and increase its e6pos're to the electrical wirin to ca'se de4iation s'-0ected to electrical or ma netic ,arth's ma netic field errors interference from the aircraft 061 What additional information is re7'ired to -e inp't to an &nertial #a4i ation *AS &AS Altit'de and ?A* $ach #'m-er S5stem (&#S) in order to o-tain an W:C reado't+ 061 What is the name i4en to an &nertial 9eference S5stem (&9S) which has the Strapdown 9i id Solid state 9in laser 5ros and accelerometers as part of the 'nit's fi6t're to the aircraft str'ct're+ 061 *he ali nment time2 at mid.latit'des2 for an &nertial 9eference S5stem 'sin laser 10 $&# 20 $&# 2 $&# " $&# rin 5ros is appro6imatel51 061 Which of the followin statements concernin the ali nment proced're for &#S:&9S can -e ali ned in either the &#S:&9S can onl5 -e ali ned in the &#S:&9S can -e ali ned in either the &#S:&9S can onl5 -e ali ned in #AC &nertial #a4i ation S5stems(&#S):&nertial 9eference S5stems (&9S) at mid. A<&3# or #AC mode A<&3# mode A<&3# or A** mode mode latit'des is correct+ 061 Which of the followin statements concernin the operation of an &nertial #AC mode m'st -e selected prior to #AC mode m'st -e selected on the #AC mode m'st -e selected prior to the #AC mode m'st -e selected when #a4i ation S5stem (&#S):&nertial 9eference S5stem (&9S) is correct+ mo4ement of the aircraft off the ate r'nwa5 0'st prior to ta/e.off loadin of passen ers and:or frei ht the ali nment proced're is commenced 061 Which of the followin statements concernin the aircraft positions indicated on *he positions are li/el5 to differ -eca'se *he positions will -e the same *he positions will onl5 differ if one of *he positions will onl5 differ if an a triple fit &nertial #a4i ation S5stem (&#S): &nertial 9eference S5stem (&9S) on the5 are calc'lated from different so'rces -eca'se the5 are an a4era e of three the s5stems has -een deco'pled -eca'se error has -een made when inp'ttin the A=F is correct+ different positions of a detected malf'nction the present position at the depart're airport 061 Which component of the )7(7.400 Bli ht $ana ement S5stem (B$S) is 'sed to $'lti.B'nction Aontrol =ispla5 Fnit Bli ht $ana ement Aomp'ter &nertial 9eference S5stem Bli ht =irector S5stem enter fli ht plan ro'tein and performance parameters+ RispostaA $a netic 4ariation information is stored in each &9S memor5E it is applied to the tr'e headin calc'lated -5 the respecti4e &9S ?nl5 on the ro'nd d'rin the ali nment proced're RispostaB RispostaC *he main directional 5ro which is *he B$S calc'lates $8 and $* from co'pled to the ma netic sensor (fl'6 the B$A position 4al4e) positioned in the win tip

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 What is the 4alidit5 period of the 'permanent' data -ase of aerona'tical information stored in the B$A &n the )7(7.400 Bli ht $ana ement S5stem+ 061 &n a Bli ht $ana ement S5stem (B$S)2 control =ispla5 Fnits (A=Fs) are 'sed pre.fli ht to 061 8ow is the radio position determined -5 the B$A in the )7(7.400 ,lectronic Bli ht &nstr'ment S5stem+ 061 What are2 in order of hi hest priorit5 followed -5 lowest2 the two le4els of messa e prod'ced -5 the A=F of the )7(7.400 ,lectronic Bli ht &nstr'ment S5stem+ 061 Which B$A:A=F pa e normall5 appears on initial power application to the )7(7.400 ,lectronic Bli ht &nstr'ment S5stem+ 061 Which of the followin lists the first three pa es of the B$A:A=F normall5 'sed on initial start.'p of the )7(7.400 ,lectronic Bli ht &nstr'ment S5stem+ 061 ?ne p'rpose of a compass cali-ration is to red'ce the difference2 if an52 -etween1 061 $a netic compass cali-ration is carried o't to red'ce1 061 At the ma netic e7'ator2 when acceleratin after ta/e off on headin West2 a direct readin pi4ot s'spended compass1 061 ?n a chart2 the distance alon a meridian -etween latit'des 4"# and 46# is 6 cm% *he scale of the chart is appro6imatel51 061 3i4en1 Ahart scale is 11 1 8"0 000% *he chart distance -etween two points is 4 centimetres% ,arth distance is appro6imatel51 061 *he force actin on the needle of a direct readin compass 4aries1 RispostaA 28 da5s man'all5 initiali@e the &9Ss and B$A with dispatch information =$,:=$, or C?9:=$, Alertin and Ad4isor5 RispostaB one calendar month RispostaC ( calendar months RispostaD 14 da5s man'all5 initialise the &9Ss2 B$A and Air =ata Aomp'ter with dispatch information C?9:=$, ran e and -earin Fr ent and Ad4isor5 Check

a'tomaticall5 initiali@e the &9Ss and man'all5 initiali@e the Bli ht =irector B$A with dispatch information S5stem and B$A with dispatch information C?9:C?9 or A=B -earin s =$, ran es and: or C?9:A=B -earin s Fr ent and 9o'tine ;riorit5 and Alertin

&=,#* &=,#* . ;?S &#&* . 9*, compass north and ma netic north% de4iation% indicates the correct headin 11 1 8"0 000 40 #$

&#&*&A< ;?S &#&* . 9*, . &=,#* compass north and tr'e north% 4ariation% o4erreads the headin 11 1 000 000 74 #$

;?S &#&* &=,#* . 9*, . =,;A9*F9, tr'e north and ma netic north% paralla6 error% 'nderreads the headin 11 18" 000 100 #$

;,9B &#&* ;?S &#&* . 9*, . =,;A9*F9, compass north and the l'--er line% acceleration errors% indicates a t'rn to the so'th 11 18 "00 000 4 #$ in4ersel5 with the hori@ontal component of the earthRs ma netic field (26

directl5 with the hori@ontal component of directl5 with the 4ertical component in4ersel5 with -oth 4ertical and the earth's ma netic field of the earth's ma netic field hori@ontal components of the earth's ma netic field 061 3i4en1 An aircraft is on final approach to r'nwa5 (29 ((22)E *he wind 4elocit5 (28 (22 (16 reported -5 the tower is ("0:20 /t%E *AS on approach is !" /t% &n order to maintain the centre line2 the aircraft's headin ($) sho'ld -e1 061 ?n a $ercator chart2 at latit'de 60#2 the distance meas'red -etween W002 and 11 2 780 000 11 278 000 11 " "60 000 ,008 is 20 cm% *he scale of this chart at latit'de 60# is appro6imatel51 061 An aircraft ta/es.off from an airport 2 ho'rs -efore s'nset% *he pilot flies a trac/ !7 #$ 11" #$ 10" #$ of 0!0(*)2 W:C 1(0: 20 /t2 *AS 100 /t% &n order to ret'rn to the point of depart're -efore s'nset2 the f'rthest distance which ma5 -e tra4elled is1 061 Ass'me a $ercator chart% *he distance -etween positions A and )2 located on the 60 # or S (0 # or S 0 same parallel and 10 lon it'de apart2 is 6 cm% *he scale at the parallel is 11 ! 260 000% What is the latit'de of A and )+ 061 ?n a <am-ert chart (standard parallels (7# and 6"#)2 with respect to the reat circle and rh'm- line are to the reat circle and rh'm- line are to the reat circle is to the north2 the rh'mstrai ht line drawn on the map -etween A ( #4! W0(0) and ) (#48 W040)2 so'th north line is to the so'th the1 061 3i4en1 ,*A to cross a meridian is 2100 F*A 3S is 441 /t *AS is 4!1 /t At 2010 40 /t !0 /t 7" /t F*A2 A*A re7'ests a speed red'ction to cross the meridian at 210" F*A% *he red'ction to *AS will -e appro6imatel51 061 *he fli ht lo i4es the followin data1 K*r'e trac/2 =rift2 *r'e headin 2 11!2 (<2 1222 2,2 1202 H42 116 11"2 "92 1202 (W2 12(2 H22 1172 4<2 1212 1,2 1222 .(2 11! $a netic 4ariation2 $a netic headin 2 Aompass de4iation2 Aompass headin K 121 *he ri ht sol'tion2 in the same order2 is1 061 Aoncernin direct readin ma netic compasses2 in the northern hemisphere2 it on an ,asterl5 headin 2 a lon it'dinal on an ,asterl5 headin 2 a on a Westerl5 headin 2 a lon it'dinal can -e said that1 acceleration ca'ses an apparent t'rn to lon it'dinal acceleration ca'ses an acceleration ca'ses an apparent t'rn to the #orth apparent t'rn to the So'th the So'th 061 At 0020 F*A an aircraft is crossin the (10 radial at 40 #$ of a C?9:=$, 08" . 226 /t 0!0 . 2(2 /t 080 . 226 /t station% At 00(" F*A the radial is 040 and =$, distance is 40 #$% $a netic 4ariation is @ero% *he tr'e trac/ and ro'nd speed are1 061 A strai ht line on a chart 4%8! cm lon represents 18" #$% *he scale of this chart 11 7 000 000 11 ( "00 000 11 6 000 000 is appro6imatel51

11 ""6 000 84 #$

4" # or S

rh'm- line is to the north2 the reat circle is to the so'th 60 /t

12"2 292 12(2 2W2 1212 .42 117 on a Westerl5 headin 2 a lon it'dinal deceleration ca'ses an apparent t'rn to the #orth 088 . 2(2 /t

11 " 000 000

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 Brom the depart're point2 the distance to the point of e7'al time is1 RispostaA RispostaB in4ersel5 proportional to the s'm of proportional to the s'm of ro'nd ro'nd speed o't and ro'nd speed -ac/ speed o't and ro'nd speed -ac/ 061 3i4en1 9e7'ired co'rse 04"($)E Cariation is 1",E W:C is 1!0(*):(0 /tE AAS 0"" and 147 /t 0(6 and 1"1 /t is 120 /t at B< "" in standard atmosphere% What are the headin ($) and 3S+ 061 3i4en1 Airport ele4ation is 1000 ft% J#8 is !88 h;a% What is the appro6imate 1680 B* (20 B* airport press're altit'de+ (Ass'me 1 h;a > 27 B*) 061 *he circ'mference of the parallel of latit'de at 60# is appro6imatel51 10 800 #$ 18 706 #$ 061 $ornin Ai4il twili ht -e ins when1 061 Seasons are d'e to the1 061 3i4en1 ;osition 'A' #60 W0202 ;osition ')' #60 W0212 ;osition 'A' #"! W020% What are2 respecti4el52 the distances from A to ) and from A to A+ 061 3i4en1 *r'e altit'de !000 B*2 ?A* .(2A2 AAS 200 /t% What is the *AS+ the centre of the s'n is 6 -elow the celestial hori@on inclination of the polar a6is with the ecliptic plane (0 #$ and 60 #$ 220 /t RispostaC in4ersel5 proportional to the total distance to o 0"2 and 1"4 /t 680 B* 20 000 #$ RispostaD in4ersel5 proportional to ro'nd speed -ac/ 0"6 and 1(7 /t . (20 B* (4 641 #$ the s'n's 'pper ed e is tan ential to the celestial hori@on 4aria-le distance -etween ,arth and S'n 60 #$ and "2 #$ 210 /t less than it was at 22"4 F*A Check

the centre of the s'n is 12 -elow the the centre of the s'n is 18 -elow the celestial hori@on celestial hori@on ,arth's elliptical or-it aro'nd the ,arth's rotation on its polar a6is S'n "2 #$ and 60 #$ 60 #$ and (0 #$ 21" /t reater than it was at 22"4 F*A 200 /t randoml5 different than it was at 22"4 F*A 0 #$

061 3i4en1 An aircraft is fl5in a trac/ of 2""($)2 22"4 F*A2 it crosses radial (60 the same as it was at 22"4 F*A from a C?9 station2 2(00 F*A2 it crosses radial ((0 from the same station% At 2(00 F*A2 the distance -etween the aircraft and the station is1 061 *he distance -etween two wa5points is 200 #$2 *o calc'late compass headin 2 14 #$ the pilot 'sed 2, ma netic 4ariation instead of 2W% Ass'min that the forecast W:C applied2 what will the off trac/ distance -e at the second wa5point+ 061 *he scale on a <am-ert conformal conic chart1 is constant alon a parallel of latit'de 061 A direct $ercator ratic'le is -ased on a pro0ection that is1 c5lindrical

7 #$

21 #$

is constant alon a meridian of lon it'de conical 1" 840 B*

is constant across the whole map spherical 14 160 B*

4aries sli htl5 as a f'nction of latit'de and lon it'de concentric 14 720 B*

061 3i4en1 Aircraft at B< 1"0 o4erhead an airport ,le4ation of airport 720 B*% J#8 1" 280 B* is 100( h;a% ?A* at B<1"0 ."A% What is the tr'e altit'de of the aircraft+ (Ass'me 1 h;a > 27 B*) 061 An aircraft ta/es off from the aerodrome of )9&?F=, (altit'de 1 48( B*2 JB, > 6 "00 B* !6( h;a2 temperat're > (2A)% Bi4e min'tes later2 passin " 000 B* on JB,2 the second altimeter set on 1 01( h;a will indicate appro6imatel51 061 3i4en1 =istance A to ) is (60 #$% Wind component A . ) is .1" /t2 Wind 16" #$ component ) . A is H1" /t2 *AS is 180 /t% What is the distance from the e7'al. time.point to )+ 061 3i4en1 8alf wa5 -etween two reportin points the na4i ation lo i4es the 40( /t followin information1 *AS (60 /t2 W:C ((0:80/t2 Aompass headin 2(72 =e4iation on this headin ."2 Cariation 1!W% What is the a4era e ro'nd speed for this le + 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.11!!(A) 3i4en1 *AS is120 /t% A*A 'L' 12(2 1(02 F*A F*A2 ,*A 'G' 1247 F*A2 A*A 'G' is 12"0 F*A% What is ,*A 'S'+ 061 A ne ati4e (westerl5) ma netic 4ariation si nifies that1 *r'e #orth is ,ast of $a netic #orth 061 &n northern hemisphere2 d'rin an acceleration in an easterl5 direction2 the ma netic compass will indicate1 061 3i4en1 *he coordinates of the heliport at &ss5 les $o'linea'6 are #48"0' ,00216%"'% What are the coordinates of the position directl5 on the opposite side of the earth+ 061 3i4en1 Ao'rse 040(*)2 *AS is 120 /t2 Wind speed (0 /t% $a6im'm drift an le will -e o-tained for a wind direction of1 061 3i4en1 AAS 120 /t2 B< 802 ?A* H20A% What is the *AS+ 061 &so onals are lines of e7'al1 061 At a specific location2 the 4al'e of ma netic 4ariation1 a decrease in headin S48"0' W1774(%"'

6 800 B*

6 (00 B*

4 000 B*

1!" #$

180 #$

170 #$

("4 /t

(7( /t

(60 /t

12"7 F*A *r'e #orth is West of $a netic #orth an increase in headin S48"0' ,1774(%"'

1(00 F*A Aompass #orth is ,ast of $a netic #orth an apparent t'rn to the So'th S4110' W1774(%"'

1(0( F*A Aompass #orth is West of $a netic #orth a headin of ,ast S4110' ,1774(%"'

1(0 141 /t ma netic 4ariation% 4aries slowl5 o4er time

14" 102 /t compass de4iation% depends on the t5pe of compass installed

11" 120 /t press're% depends on the ma netic headin

120 1(2 /t wind 4elocit5% depends on the tr'e headin

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 ;arallels of latit'de2 e6cept the e7'ator2 are1 061 3i4en1 B<1202 ?A* is &SA standard2 AAS is 200 /t2 *rac/ is 222($)2 8eadin is 21"($)2 Cariation is 1"W% *ime to fl5 10" #$ is 21 $&#% What is the W:C+ 061 At latit'de 60# the scale of a $ercator pro0ection is 11 " 000 000% *he len th on the chart -etween 'A' #60 ,008 and '=' #60 W008 is1 061 3i4en1 A is #"" 000 ) is #"4 ,010 *he a4era e tr'e co'rse of the reat circle is 100% *he tr'e co'rse of the rh'm-line at point A is1 061 *he two standard parallels of a conical <am-ert pro0ection are at #1040'# and #4120'% *he cone constant of this chart is appro6imati4el51 061 3i4en1 ;osition 'A' is #00 ,1002 ;osition ')' is 240(*)2 200 #$ from 'A'% What is the position of ')'+ 061 A pilot accidentl5 t'rnin ?BB the &#S in fli ht2 and then t'rns it -ac/ ?# a few moments later% Bollowin this incident1 061 *he sensors of an &#S meas're1 RispostaA 9h'm- lines 0"0(*) : 70 /t% 3reat circles 040(*) : 10" /t% RispostaB RispostaC -oth 9h'm- lines and 3reat circles 0""(*) : 10" /t % RispostaD are neither 9h'm- lines nor 3reat circles 06"(*) : 70 /t% Check

17%8 cm 100 0%44 S0140' ,0!707'

16%2 cm 0!6 0%!0 #0140' ,0!707'

("%6 cm 104 0%66 S0140' ,10140' e4er5thin ret'rns to normal and is 'sa-le the hori@ontal component of the earth's rotation he6adecimal ma netic 4ariation

1!%2 cm 107 0%18 #0140' ,10140' the &#S is 'sa-le in #AC $?=, after a position 'pdate precession -5 wa5points name ali nment error

it can onl5 -e 'sed for attit'de reference no 'sef'l information can -e o-tained from the &#S acceleration 4elocit5 -earin and distance compass error

061 Wa5points can -e entered in an &#S memor5 in different formats% &n which of the eo raphic coordinates followin formats can wa5points -e entered into all &#Ss+ 061 *he an le -etween $a netic #orth and Aompass #orth is called1 compass de4iation 061 *he north and so'th ma netic poles are the onl5 positions on the earth's s'rface where1 061 ?n a =irect $ercator chart2 meridians are1

061 ?n which of the followin chart pro0ections is it #?* possi-le to represent the north or so'th poles+ 061 Which one of the followin 2 concernin reat circles on a =irect $ercator chart2 With the e6ception of meridians and the is correct+ e7'ator2 the5 are c'r4es conca4e to the e7'ator 061 ?n a <am-ert conformal conic chart2 the distance -etween parallels of latit'de red'ces -etween2 and e6pands o'tside2 spaced the same n'm-er of de rees apart1 the standard parallels 061 Which one of the followin statements is correct concernin the appearance of *he hi her the latit'de the closer the5 reat circles2 with the e6ception of meridians2 on a ;olar Stereo raphic chart appro6imate to a strai ht line whose tan enc5 is at the pole + 061 Which one of the followin descri-es the appearance of rh'm- lines2 e6cept A'r4es conca4e to the ;ole meridians2 on a ;olar Stereo raphic chart+ 061 What is the 4al'e of the con4er ence factor on a ;olar Stereo raphic chart+ 1%0 061 ?n a =irect $ercator2 rh'm- lines are1 strai ht lines

a freel5 s'spended compass needle wo'ld a position where the hori@ontal stand 4ertical component of the earthRs ma netic field is a ma6im'm parallel2 e7'all5 spaced2 4ertical strai ht inclined2 e7'all5 spaced2 strai ht lines lines that meet at the nearer pole =irect $ercator <am-ert's conformal *he5 are all c'r4es conca4e to the e7'ator is constant -etween2 and e6pands o'tside2 the standard parallels An5 strai ht line is a reat circle

a freel5 s'spended compass needle will the 4al'e of ma netic 4ariation stand hori@ontal e7'als !0 parallel2 'ne7'all5 spaced2 4ertical strai ht lines *rans4erse $ercator *he5 appro6imate to strai ht lines -etween the standard parallels e6pands -etween2 and red'ces o'tside2 the standard parallels *he5 are comple6 c'r4es that can -e con4e6 and:or conca4e to the ;ole A'r4es con4e6 to the ;ole 0%" ellipses inclined2 'ne7'all5 spaced2 c'r4ed lines that meet at the nearer pole ;olar stereo raphic *he5 are all c'r4es con4e6 to the e7'ator is constant thro' ho't the chart *he5 are c'r4es con4e6 to the ;ole

,llipses aro'nd the ;ole 0%866 c'r4es conca4e to the e7'ator

Strai ht lines 0%0 c'r4es con4e6 to the e7'ator fl5 re4erse headin s and associated timin s 'ntil the point of depart're is re ained (6%0 cm

061 A 'sef'l method of a pilot resol4in 2 d'rin a 4is'al fli ht2 an5 'ncertaint5 in the set headin towards a line feat're s'ch as fl5 the re4erse of the headin -ein fl5 e6pandin circles 'ntil a pinpoint is aircraft's position is to maintain 4is'al contact with the ro'nd and1 a coastline2 motorwa52 ri4er or railwa5 flown prior to -ecomin 'ncertain o-tained 'ntil a pinpoint is o-tained 061 A co'rse of 120(*) is drawn -etween 'L' (61(0'#) and 'G' ("8(0'#) on a 66%7 cm ((%4 cm (8%" cm <am-ert Aonformal conic chart with a scale of 11 1 000 000 at 60#% *he chart distance -etween 'L' and 'G' is1 061 9o'te 'A' (44# 026,) to ')' (46# 024,) forms an an le of (" with lon it'de (22 (28 0(2 026,% Cariation at A is (,% What is the initial ma netic trac/ from A to )+ 061 3i4en1 =irect $ercator chart with a scale of 11 200 000 at e7'atorE Ahart len th 12 #$ 21 #$ 22 #$ from 'A' to ')'2 in the 4icinit5 of the e7'ator2 11 cm% What is the appro6imate distance from 'A' to ')'+ 061 An aircraft e7'ipped with an &nertial #a4i ation S5stem (&#S) flies with &#S 1 at least one of the inertial na4i ation onl5 inertial na4i ation s5stem #o% 2 onl5 inertial na4i ation s5stem #o% 1 is co'pled with a'topilot 1% )oth inertial na4i ation s5stems are na4i atin from s5stems is driftin is driftin driftin

0(8 14 #$

the a'topilot is 'nser4icea-le in #AC mode

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA wa5.point A to )% *he inertial s5stems' Aentral =ispla5 Fnits (A=F) shows1 . L*O on &#S 1 > 0 . L*O on &#S 2 > 8< (L*O > cross trac/) Brom this information it can -e ded'ced that1 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and 0(0 . (( #$ =$, distance from A9O C?9:=$, (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) to position #"220 W00810+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the radial and (11 . (8 #$ =$, distance from A9O C?9:=$, (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) to position #"210 W00!20+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e (16 . !6 #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween )A< C?9 (#"(18%0 W00626%!) and S<3 #=) (#"416%7 W008(6%0)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 0"8 . 128 #$ trac/ ($) and distance -etween A9# #=) (#"(18%1 W008"6%") and ),< C?9 (#"4(!%7 W0061(%8)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 06( . 101 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween A?# C?9 (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) and ),< C?9 (#"4(!%7 W0061(%8)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 011 . 47 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween S<3 #=) (#"416%7 W008(6%0) and AB# #=) (#""02%6 W00820%4)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 286 . 81 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween W*= #=) (#"211%( W0070"%0) and B?G #=) (#"2(4%0 W00!11%7)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e ((6 . 1(7 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween W*= #=) (#"211%( W0070"%0) and S<3 #=) (#"416%7 W008(6%0)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 002 . 72 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween S8A C?9 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) and A?# C?9 (#"("4%8 W0084!%1)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 270 . !0 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween )A< C?9 (#"(18%0 W00626%!) and A9# #=) (#"(18%1 W008"6%")+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e (27 . 124 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween )A< C?9 (#"(18%0 W00626%!) and AB# #=) (#""02%6 W00820%4)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What is the a4era e 0(" . 80 #$ trac/ (*) and distance -etween A9# #=) (#"(18%1 W008"6%") and ,O# #=) (#"42(%6 W007(8%7)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"220 W00!20 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 22(2 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) radial (22% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"210 W00!10 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 20"2 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) radial (17% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"2(0 W00800 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 1202 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) radial 0((% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"220 W007"0 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 12!2 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) radial 047% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"210 W00800 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 14(2 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) radial 0"0% What is the aircraft position+ RispostaB RispostaC RispostaD Check

048 . 40 #$

014 . (( #$

220 . 40 #$

("0 . 22 #$

2!" . (8 #$

170 . 22 #$

262 . 86 #$

128 . !! #$

(08 . !8 #$

08! . !" #$

22! . 12" #$

2(8 . 1(0 #$

071 . 100 #$

11( . !7 #$

2!( . !8 #$

020 . 46 #$

(48 . 46 #$

1!1 . 4" #$

2!4 . 80 #$

07" . 81 #$

277 . 8( #$

(44 . 1(! #$

1"6 . 1(6 #$

164 . 1(8 #$

010 . 71 #$

("8 . 72 #$

006 . 71 #$

278 . 8! #$

268 . !1 #$

272 . 8! #$

((" . 128 #$

(2" . 128 #$

(20 . 127 #$

042 . 8( #$

0(1 . 81 #$

044 . 82 #$

#"2(0 W00!10

#"210 W00!10

#"210 W00!(0

#"118 W00!1(

#"20" W00!1"

#"21" W00!17

#"22" W0080"

#"220 W007"0

#"240 W007"0

#"21" W007""

#"210 W007"0

#"20" W007""

#"1"" W00810

#"20" W0080"

#"200 W00800

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda RispostaA 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A #"2(0 W00800 C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 120:(" #$% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A #"210 W008(0 C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 16":(6 #$% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A #"220 W00!(0 C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 2(2:(2 #$% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A #"((0 W008(0 C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 02":4! #$% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A #"(00 W08(0 C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) radial 048:22 #$% What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A 3i4en1 S8A C?9 S8A 214 A9O ((0 #"24(%( W008"(%1 A9O C?9 #"1"0%4 W0082!%7 Aircraft position #"220 W00!10 Which of the followin lists two radials that are applica-le to the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 S8A 1(1 A9O 017 #"24(%( W008"(%1 A9O C?9 #"1"0%4 W0082!%7 Aircraft position #"2(0 W00820 Which of the followin lists two radials that are applica-le to the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 S8A 248 A9O (2" #"24(%( W008"(%1 A9O C?9 #"1"0%4 W0082!%7 Aircraft position #"2(0 W00!(0 Which of the followin lists two radials that are applica-le to the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 S8A 042 A?# 1(8 #"24(%( W008"(%1 A?# C?9 #"("4%8 W0084!%1 Aircraft position #"((0 W00800 Which of the followin lists two radials that are applica-le to the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 S8A (2" A?# 2(" #"24(%( W008"(%1 A?# C?9 #"("4%8 W0084!%1 Aircraft position #"(20 W00!"0 Which of the followin lists two radials that are applica-le to the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"200 W00!(" (#"24(%( W008"(%1) =$, "0 #$2 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) =$, 41 #$2 Aircraft headin 270($)2 )oth =$, distances increasin % What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9 #"21" W0080" (#"24(%( W008"(%1) =$, 41 #$2 A9O C?9 (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) =$, (0 #$2 Aircraft headin 270($)2 )oth =$, distances decreasin % What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 A9# C?9 #"(10 W008(0 (#"(18%1 W008"6%") =$, 18 #$2 S8A C?9 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) =$, (0 #$2 Aircraft headin 270($)2 )oth =$, distances decreasin % What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 A9# C?9 #"2"" W0081" (#"(18%1 W008"6%") =$, (4 #$2 S8A C?9 (#"24(%( W008"(%1) =$, 26 #$2 Aircraft headin 0!0($)2 )oth =$, distances increasin % What is the aircraft position+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 A?# C?9 #"((0 W00820 (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) =$, (0 #$2 A9# C?9 (#"(18%1 W008"6%") =$, 2" #$2 Aircraft headin 270($)2 )oth =$, distances decreasin % What is the aircraft position+ RispostaB #"(00 W00!4" RispostaC #"22" W0080" RispostaD #"2"0 W00!"0 Check

#"208 W00840

#"(1" W00!1"

#"(17 W00!08

#"(0" W0081"

#"228 W00!("

#"(0( W00810

#"(28 W00820

#"1"" W00!1"

#"200 W0!2"

#"2"8 W0082"

#"22" W00!17

#"228 W00!20

S8A 02" A9O 141

S8A 20" A9O (21

S8A 0(( A9O 14!

S8A (04 A9O 18!

S8A (12 A9O 1!7

S8A 124 A9O 00!

S8A 068 A9O 14"

S8A 060 A9O 1(8

S8A 240 A9O 1(7

S8A 21( A?# (10

S8A 0(( A?# 1(0

S8A 221 A?# (18

S8A 1(7 A?# 046

S8A (17 A?# 226

S8A 14" A?# 0""

#"21" W00!40

#"21" W0074"

#"2(" W007"0

#"20" W00!1"

#"21" W00!1"

#"22" W00810

#"2"2 W00!2(

#"(07 W00!2(

#"("" W0082"

#"2"0 W00(0

#"(0" W00!(0

#"(10 W00820

#"(4( W00!2"

#"((" W00!2"

#"((7 W00820

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 A9O C?9:=$, (#"1"0%4 W0082!%7) Oerr5 aerodrome (#"210%! W00!(1%4) What is the A9O radial and =$, distance when o4erhead Oerr5 aerodrome+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) )irr aerodrome (#"(04 W007"4) What is the S8A radial and =$, distance when o4erhead )irr aerodrome+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 S8A C?9:=$, (#"24(%( W008"(%1) Aonnemara aerodrome (#"(14 W00!28) What is the S8A radial and =$, distance when o4erhead Aonnemara aerodrome+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 A?# C?9:=$, (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) Aastle-ar aerodrome (#"("1 W00!17) What is the A?# radial and =$, distance when o4erhead Aastle-ar aerodrome+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) 3i4en1 A?# C?9:=$, (#"("4%8 W0084!%1) A--e5 Shr'le aerodrome (#"((" W007(!) What is the A?# radial and =$, distance when o4erhead A--e5 Shr'le aerodrome+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What feat're is shown on the chart at position #"211 W00!(1+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What feat're is shown on the chart at position #"212 W00612+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What feat're is shown on the chart at position #"(11 W006(7+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What feat're is shown on the chart at position #"("1 W00!17+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) What feat're is shown on the chart at position #"417 W0100"+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) Which of the followin lists all the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols shown at position #"1"0%4 W0082!%7+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) Which of the followin lists all the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols shown at position #"(18%0 W00626%!+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) Which of the followin lists all the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols shown at position #"416%7 W008(6%0+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) Which of the followin lists all the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols shown at position #"(18%1 W008"6%"+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion 'se anne6 061.12"4!A to 061.1261(A) Which of the followin lists all the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols shown at position #"211 W0070"+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates a C?9:=$,+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates a =$,+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates a C?9+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates an #=)+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates a -asic2 non.specified2 na4i ation aid+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates a *AAA#+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12614A to 061.12620A) Which of the RispostaA (07 . 4( #$ RispostaB 11! . 44 #$ RispostaC 127 . 4" #$ RispostaD 2!! . 42 #$ Check

068 . 41 #$

248 . 42 #$

060 . 42 #m

240 . 41 #$

((( . (7 #$

1"4 . (8 #$

(26 . (7 #$

146 . (8 #$

26" . 17 #$

077 . 18 #$

2"7 . 17 #$

086 . 18 #$

12( . 46 #$

116 . 47 #$

2!6 . 46 #$

(04 . 47 #$

O,99G:Barranfore aerodrome *FSOA9 9?AO <*%8% #=) ;'nchestown aerodrome Aastle-ar aerodrome ,A3<, &S<A#= <*%8% #=) ci4il airport1 C?91 =$,1 comp'lsor5 reportin point militar5 airport1 C?91 =$,

Waterford #=) W*= #=) Aonnemara aerodrome Aonna' ht aerodrome )elm'llet aerodrome

Aonnemara aerodrome O,99G:Barranfore aerodrome O,99G:Barranfore aerodrome Aonnemara aerodrome Aarnmore aerodrome

;'nchestown aerodrome Alon-'llo 'e aerodrome Alon-'llo 'e aerodrome )rittas )a5 aerodrome Alon-'llo 'e aerodrome

ci4il airport1 C?91 non.comp'lsor5 C?91 =$,1 #=)1comp'lsor5 reportin C?91 =$,1 #=)1 &<S reportin point point ci4il airport1 C?91 =$, militar5 airport1 C?91 #=) C?91 =$,1 dan er area

ci4il airport1 #=)1 =$,1 comp'lsor5 reportin point ci4il airport1 #=)1 =$,1 non. comp'lsor5 reportin point ci4il airport1 #=)E &<S

C?91 =$,1 #=)1 comp'lsor5 reportin point C?91 =$,1 #=)1 comp'lsor5 reportin point C?91 #=)

ci4il airport1 C?91 =$,1 non. comp'lsor5 reportin point ci4il airport1 C?91 =$,1 non. comp'lsor5 reportin point ci4il airport1 &<S

C?91 =$,1 #=)1 non.comp'lsor5 reportin point C?91 =$,1 #=)1 comp'lsor5 reportin point #=)1 &<S

1 2 ( 4 " 6 7

2 ( " 6 6 7 1

6 " 6 2 2 1 (

7 6 2 ( ( 2 6

GENERAL NAVIGATION
subj Domanda aerona'tical chart s5m-ols indicates a C?9*AA+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a Bli ht &nformation 9e ion (B&9) -o'ndar5+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a Aontrol Sone -o'ndar5+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates an 'ncontrolled ro'te+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates the -o'ndar5 of ad4isor5 airspace+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a non.comp'lsor5 reportin point+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a comp'lsor5 reportin point+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a Wa5.point+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates an 'nli hted o-stacle+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a li hted o-stacle+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a ro'p of 'nli hted o-stacles+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a ro'p of li hted o-stacles+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates an e6ceptionall5 hi h 'nli hted o-stacle+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates an e6ceptionall5 hi h li hted o-stacle+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) What is the meanin of aerona'tical chart s5m-ol #o% 1"+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) What is the meanin of aerona'tical chart s5m-ol #o% 16+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates an aerona'tical ro'nd li ht+ 061 (Bor this 7'estion refer to anne6 061.12621A to 061.126(8A) Which aerona'tical chart s5m-ol indicates a li htship+ 061 *he p'rpose of the *AS inp't2 from the air data comp'ter2 to the &nertial #a4i ation S5stem is for1 061 *he f'll ali nment of the sta-le platform of an &nertial #a4i ation S5stem1 RispostaA 1 ( 4 " 6 7 8 ! 10 11 12 1( 14 Aerona'tical ro'nd li ht <i htship 1" 16 the calc'lation of wind 4elocit5 is onl5 possi-le on the ro'nd when the aircraft is at a complete stop acceleration north:so'th and east:west2 attit'de and tr'e headin rate corrections to the 5ros ( 4 " 2 7 8 1" 10 11 12 ! 14 10 Cis'al reference point ?ff.shore helicopter landin platform 16 10 position 'pdate in Attit'de mode RispostaB 4 " 2 ( 8 1" 6 11 12 1( 10 ! 12 8a@ard to aerial na4i ation RispostaC " 2 ( 4 1" 6 7 12 ! ! 11 11 1( <i htho'se RispostaD Check

Shipwrec/ showin a-o4e the s'rface at ?ff.shore li htho'se low tide 10 14 12 position 'pdate in #a4i ation mode 14 the calc'lation of drift ma5 -e carried o't at an5 time so lon as an acc'rate position is inserted into the s5stem% latit'de2 lon it'de and tr'e headin latit'de and lon it'de one east.west and one north.so'th 5roE one east.west and one north. so'th accelerometer airport &AA? identifier the direction of tr'e north

ma5 -e carried o't d'rin an5 phase ma5 -e carried o't on the ro'nd or of fli ht when in strai ht and le4el fli ht latit'de2 lon it'de and attit'de acceleration north:so'th and east:west and tr'e headin attit'de laser 5ros mo'nted in the direction of the aircraft a6is the position of an in.ran e =$, local 4ertical at the aircraft position

061 After ali nment of the sta-le platform of an &nertial #a4i ation S5stem2 the o'tp't data from the platform is1 061 After ali nment of the sta-le platform of the &nertial #a4i ation S5stem2 the o'tp't data from the &#S comp'ter to the platform is1 061 &nertial 9eference S5stem sensors incl'de1

accelerations from the accelerometers accelerometers2 and laser 5ros2 mo'nted accelerometers mo'nted in the in the direction of the aircraft a6is direction of the aircraft a6is aircraft position in latit'de and lon it'de aircraft headin aircraft a6is W3S 84 ,arth co.ordinates

061 *he data that needs to -e inserted into an &nertial 9eference S5stem in order to ena-le the s5stem to ma/e a s'ccessf'l ali nment for na4i ation is1 061 &n an &nertial 9eference S5stem2 accelerations are meas'red in relation to1