Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
HAPTER
Why Do We Eat?
Food provides us with
Energy for body processes Heat for body temperature regulation Building blocks for growth and maintenance of body tissues
8/20/2012
Satiety: the feeling of being full Anorexia: physiologic need for food yet have no appetite
PLAY
8/20/2012
Figure 3.1
8/20/2012
Figure 3.3
8/20/2012
8/20/2012
Figure 3.4
8/20/2012
Figure 3.5
8/20/2012
Digestion
Digestion: the process of breaking large food molecules down to smaller molecules It includes Mechanical digestion: the physical breakdown of
food
8/20/2012
Figure 3.6
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.7
Digestion: Peristalsis
Figure 3.8
8/20/2012
Digestion: Stomach
The gastroesophageal sphincter separates the esophagus from the stomach
Prevents the flow of food from the stomach back into the esophagus
Digestion: Stomach
Gastric juice contains Hydrochloric acid (HCl): to denature proteins and
activate pepsin
Pepsin: an enzyme to digest protein Gastric lipase: an enzyme to digest fat Mucus: to protect the stomach lining Chyme: semisolid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Digestion: Stomach
Figure 3.9
10
8/20/2012
Figure 3.10
11
8/20/2012
Absorption
Absorption: the process of taking molecules across a cell membrane and into cells of the body A small amount of absorption occurs in the stomach Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the three sections of the small intestine (only 1 inch in diameter)
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Absorption
The lining of the GI tract has special structures to facilitate absorption
Villi: folds in the lining that are in close contact with nutrient molecules Brush border: composed of microvilli that greatly increase the surface area
Absorption
Water-soluble nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, minerals, and some vitamins) enter the portal vein
The portal vein transports these nutrients to the liver
Fat-soluble nutrients (lipids and some vitamins) enter the lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic vessels transport these nutrients directly to the bloodstream
12
8/20/2012
Absorption
Figure 3.11
Elimination
Undigested food components move through a sphincter called the illeocecal valve to the large intestine In the large intestine
Very little digestion takes place Material is stored 1224 hours prior to elimination Water and some nutrients are absorbed
Elimination
Figure 3.13
13
8/20/2012
Can lead to severe dehydration Is more dangerous for children and the elderly
Constipation
No stool passed for two or more days
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
14
8/20/2012
The immune system is not involved Food allergy: Hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system to a component in a food.
15
8/20/2012
MyNutritionLab
16