Indonesia

Malaysia

South-East Asia Region

Phase: Control. Impact: Insuciently consistent data to assess trends.

I. Epidemiological prole
Population (UN Population Division) High transmission (1 case per 1000 population) Low transmission (0-1 cases per 1000 population) Malaria-free (0 cases) Total Parasites and vectors Major plasmodium species: P. falciparum (55%), P. vivax (45%) Major anopheles species: An. sundaicus, balabacensis, maculatus, farauti, subpictus 2010 89 700 000 17 000 000 136 000 000 242 700 000 % 37 7 56

Indian Ocean Australia

Insucient data 0 00.1 0.11.0 1.010 1050 50100 100

Distribution of conrmed malaria cases (per 1000 population)

II. Intervention policies and strategies

Intervention WHO-recommended policies/strategies ITN/LLIN IRS IPT ITNs/LLINs distributed free of charge ITNs/LLINs distributed to all age groups IRS is recommended DDT is used for IRS IPT used to prevent malaria during pregnancy Yes/ Year No adopted Yes Yes Yes No NA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2006 1959 2007 2005 2004 2004 Therapeutic ecacity tests (therapeutic or parasitological failure, %) Medicine AS+AQ Year 20032006 No. of studies 8 Min Median 0 2.7 8.8 4.1 Max 24.1 4.8 Follow-up 28 days 42 days Antimalaria policy Medicine Year adopted 2008 2004 2004 2004 First-line treatment of unconrmed malaria First-line treatment of P. falciparum AS-AQ/DHA-PP+PQ For treatment failure of P. falciparum QN+D+PQ Treatment of severe malaria AM ;AS ;QN Treatment of P. vivax AS-AQ/DHA-PP+PQ(14d)

Case Patients of all ages should receive diagnostic test management RDTs used at community level ACT is free for all ages in public sector Pre-referral treatment with recommended medicines Oral artemisinin-based monotherapies are not registered III.

DHA+PPQ 20042008

Financing

Government and external nancing

Expenditure by intervention in 2010 Insecticides & spray materials ITNs Diagnostics Antimalarial medicines Monitoring and evaluation Human resources & technical assistance Management and other costs

50 Contribution (US$m) 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Government* Global Fund World Bank USAID/PMI WHO/UNICEF Others * Expenditure: costs for sub-national level, health systems, human resources, etc not included. IV.
100

Coverage

Coverage of ITN and IRS

100 80

Cases tested and ACT delivered: Programme data (public sector)

Households or population (%)

80 60 40 20 0

Cases (%) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Population at risk protected with ITNs Population at high risk protected with IRS All ages who slept under an ITN Households with at least one ITN Malaria test positivity rate and ABER Cases and admissions rate (log)

60 40 20 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Suspected cases tested Cases potentially treated with any antimalarial P.falciparum cases potentially treated with ACT

V.

Impact

Microscopically conrmed cases, admissions (per 100 000) and deaths

1 000 1 000 900 800 100 700 600 500 10 400 300 200 1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

40 2.5 35 2.0 30 25 1.5 20 1.0 15 10 0.5 5 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 ABER (Micr. & RDT) RDT posivity rate Slide positivity rate

Positivity rate (%)

Admissions

Deaths

Conrmed cases

WORLD MALARIA REPORT 2012 | 139

Number of deaths

ABER (%)