!"#$%&$ ()* +,-.

/0%1$2 ,34 5,$267777777777777777777777777777

891%3: );<=

>?-.@?1A <

Some of the pioblems will iequiie infoimation that can be founu at the Paiticle Bata uioup
website pug.lbl.gov, anu also some of it is in Paiticle Bata summaiy in the beginning of the
uiiffith's textbook.
!"#$%&'" )*+% #*,+-&*.# &. %"/#*./'," 0"-/&, /.0 1,"/#" 2%&-" ,"3&',)4

1. Expiess the giavitational constant in natuial units. What aie the associateu eneigy, length anu
time scales. These aie collectively known as the Planck scale, at which giavitational inteiactions
become impoitant ielative to the othei inteiactions.

2. Look up the lifetimes of these unstable paiticles:
!

"
, #
"
, K
+
, $
+
, $
0
, %
0
, D
+
, B
+
, J/&. 0n the basis
of the lifetimes, what inteiactions aie iesponsible foi the uecays.

S. Biaw Feynman uiagiams (at the quaik level when hauions aie involveu) foi the following weak
piocesses:

!
"
+
#
+
$

!
" #pe
$
%
e


!
K
0
"#
+
#
$


!
"
+
#"
0
e
+
$
e

Auuitionally, uiaw the Feynman uiagiams foi the following stiong uecays:

!
"
0
#$
+
$
%
$
0


!
"
0
#$
+
$
%


!
"
++
#p$
+


4. Show that, foi pions with zeio ielative oibital angulai momentum, the combination
!
"
+
"
#
is
an eigenstate of 56 with the eigenvalue +1, anu
!
"
+
"
#
"
0
is an eigenstate of 56 with eigenvalue -1.

S. Finu a ielation between the total cioss sections (at a given eneigy) foi the ieactions:

!
"
#
p $K
0
%
0


!
"
#
p $K
+
%
#


!
"
+
p #K
+
$
+


6. In which isospin states can a)
!
"
+
"
#
"
0
, anu b)
!
"
0
"
0
"
0
exist. (Bint: Fiist finu the isospin functions
foi a paii of pions, anu then combineu those with a thiiu pion.)






7. Assume foi a moment that theie weie only two colois, in which case theie coulu be stable
uiquaik (qq) states.
1. What S0(S) flavoi multiplets woulu exist.
2. What isospin multiplet woulu compiise each S0(S) multiplet.
S. What woulu be the }
P
of the lowest mass state in each multiplet. (Bint: consiuei the
oveiall symmetiy of the spinspaceflavoicoloi wavefunction of the uiquaik system; it
must be antisymmetiic unuei the inteichange of the feimionic quaiks.)

8. Accoiuing to weak inteiaction theoiy, the uominant hauionic weak uecay pioceeus via the
quaik tiansmutations
!
c "s oi
!
u "d. Foi example, alloweu chaim meson uecay is
!
cu "sd (uu ) .
Assuming that these, anu only these (which is not ieally tiue in ieal life), tiansmutations occui,
show that these uecays of B
u
aie alloweu:

!
D
0
"K
#
$
+
,

!
D
0
"K
#
$
+
$
+
$
#
,
but these aie foibiuuen:

!
D
0
"#
+
#
$
,

!
D
0
"K
+
K
#
,

!
D
0
"K
+
#
$
,

!
D
0
"K
+
#
$
#
+
#
$
.
Fuithei, show that foi B
+
, this uecay is alloweu:

!
D
+
"K
#
$
+
$
+
,
but this one is foibiuuen:

!
D
+
"K
+
#
+
#
$


9. Which of the following ieactions can occui as a !"#$%& inteiaction. (This means consiuei
isospin, baiyon numbei, chaige, anu stiangeness conseivation). Which aie piohibiteu anu why.







0 0
K K n + + ! " +
# #
$
0 0 0 0
or K p K K p K + ! " + + ! " +
# #
0 0
! ! + " # +
$
p
0
! + " # +
$
p K
0 0
K p + ! " +
#
$
n p K + ! " +
#