Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

Partial Undergrounding as an ecological Solution

Integration of Underground Cables in existing Networks

New Technologies

Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

XLPE indulated Cables Commercially used since over 25 years (110 kV) Since over ten years successfull at 400 kV even at long system length (40 km at 500 kV - Japan) Worldwide established technology easy to lay and to connect Environment friendly Low maintenance/ maintenance free

Underground Innovative & Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Sketch Conductor Cu (alternative Al) Inner Semiconducting screen XLPE Insulation Outer Semiconducting screen Cu screen wires (longitudinal water tightness) PE-sheath with integrated Al-Foil

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Accessories: Joints 400 kV underground cable are produced and delivered in length up to 1150 m Joints will be laid invisible under the soil Joints can be integrated into underground buildings

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Accessories: terminations

Outdoor termination as a connection OHL cables system Space needed: approx. size of tennis court

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Reliable technology Good fault statistics, low number of faults Undergroud cables are protected against environmental conditions In operation underground cables are maintenance free and faults are often caused by external influences Established Solution Cable suppliers guarantee a reliable technique with a homogeneous quality due to international standards (IEC 62067) Repair in case of fault
Quick & precise localization of fault Repair time 2-3 weeks (in case of cable reserve)

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Standards
>30 kV bis 150 kV > 150 kV bis 500 kV DIN VDE 0276-632 HD 632 IEC 60840 DIN VDE 0276-62067 (Entwurf) keine europische Norm IEC 62067 220 kV - 500 kV 45 kV - 150 kV 45 kV - 150 kV 45 kV - 150 kV 220kV - 500kV

All systems must be prequalified and/or type tested after the existing standards: This involves a one year system test and a 4 week long sequence of electrical and mechanical tests (type test) Each delivered cable or accessories must be subjected to extended routine tests

Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

Prequalification test: One year 100m cable and all accessories in different laying situations, 180 heating cycles under Voltage Lightening impulse voltage test after thermal treatment At independant test laboratory

Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

Type test: 20 heating cycles under voltage Tan , lighting impulse, switching impulse, PD Mechanical and non-electrical tests at independant test laboratory or with independent inspector (e.g. KEMA)

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Time of operation Innovative technology used since over 10 years Expected life time of about 40 years Long term test with higher field stresses simulate 40 years of operation

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Assorted References 400kV underground cable in Europe

Site Kopenhagen Berlin Project Replacement of existing OHL in urban area Connection of east/west systems Cable Systems x Length (km) 1x22 1x12 2x6 2x6 4x6 2x13 2x14 Cable/ phase 1 1 date 1996 1999 1998 2000 2000/1 2002/3 2002/3

York-Tal Madrid Jutland

Area of natural beauty Barajas airport expansion Area of natural beauty, waterways and suburbal area London Ring Randstad water crossing Electricity for the city center Suburban part of the Turbigo-Rho-Connection

2 1 1

London Rotterdam Wien Mailand

1x20 2x2.1 2x5.5 2x8.5

1 1 1 2

2002/5 2004/5 2004/5 2005/6

Underground Innovative &Cable: Zuverlssige an innovative Technologie and reliable Technology

Number of underground systems EHV layed worldwide

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 No. systems 5 4 3 2 1 0 94 95 96 97

98 99

0001

0203

04 05

06 07

Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

Partial Undergrounding as an ecological Solution

Integration of Underground Cables in existing Networks

New Technologies

Partial Undergrounding as an ecological Solution

Space needed Number of systems depending on transfer rate Width of trace depending on number of systems needed Max. 2 systems needed for one OHL

Partial Umweltvertrgliche Undergrounding as Lsung an ecological Solution

Urban Areas One trench per system: ca. 1.5 meter depth, 1-2 meter width Heavy equipment needed for civil works along the trench, but only needed during laying along the trench at joint positions, Undergrounding under, next and between roads possible Original state of surface will be restored after installation

Partial Umweltvertrgliche Undergrounding as Lsung an ecological Solution

Rural Areas
Civil work time depending on Ground conditions Heavy equipment needed for civil works along the trench, but only needed during laying along the trench at joint positions Various procedures to undergo sensitive areas or streets Landscape restored within 18-24 month

Partial Umweltvertrgliche Undergrounding as Lsung an ecological Solution

Possible heating of ground Operating temperature of cable depends on the current carried & load factor Heat distribution depends on the backfill material around the cable Impact is strictly local and very limited (Ecofys 2008 report for Irish government) Extreme Conditions: Soil directly over the trench can heat up by approx. 2 C 5 metre from the cable, no impact
Temperature increase caused by 380kV singlecore XLPE cable calculated by FEM modelling temperatures in the conductor plane ( ), in the plane directly above cables ( ), and at the cable surface ( ). Source: University Duisburg-Essen

Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

Partial Undergrounding as an ecological Solution

Integration of Underground Cables in existing Networks

New Technologies

Integration of cables in existing networks

Impact of underground cables in existing Networks

Integration of new cable systems needs detailled planning Quicker realization of network extansion There might be compensation systems needed at length longer than 20 km

Geplanter Netzausbau gem Vorrangiger Verbundplan und dena-Netzstudie I

Underground Cable: an innovative and reliable Technology

Partial undergrounding as a economical Solution

Integration of Underground Cables in existing Networks

New Technologies

New Technologies

Superconducting cables

RTTR (Real Time Thermal Rating)

Electromagnetic shielding (EMC)

Cable Developments
Superconducting XLPE insulated
2001 2009

new

Superconducting cables City cables up to 245 kV

2007 VALfit plus (EMV) up to 170 kV 2005 VALfit (city cable in plastic tube) up to 145 kV

City cables (3 core) up to 145 kV XLPE cables

Paper insulated
External Gas Pressure cables

PE cables

Internal Gas Pressure cables High Pressure Oil filled cables Low Pressure Oil filled cables

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2015

Superconducting cables

No new technology
nkt cables has more than 9 years of operation experience!
Copenhagen, Denmark 30 m, 2.0 kA, 30 kV 104 MVA 12,000 h at 100% load Years 2001 2003 DK utilities Supplied 50,000 users 2 years operation!

nkt cables - Certificates of Approval

Superconducting cables

Southwire, Carrollton, Georgia

Carrollton, U.S.A 30 m, 1.25 kA, 12.5 kV 27 MVA 50,000 h at 100% load Years 2000 2006 Supplied energy to Southwire Cos cable factories Converted to test station 6 years operation!

Unique cablecables design Superconducting

HTS Triax Energy Cable
Three phases in one cable Common neutral screen Cryostat duct (thermal insulation) 10 kV 72.5 kV 30 MVA 400 MVA

Made in Cologne, Germany

HTS Triax Energy Cable

Suitable for medium voltages (10-72 kV)
Former Dielectric Dielectric Dielectric Cryostat

LN

LN

Phase 1 HTS

Phase 2 HTS

Phase 3 HTS

Copper Neutral

26

New Technologies

Superconducting cables

RTTR (Real Time Thermal Rating)

Electromagnetic shielding (EMC)

Monitoring and Rating by nkt cables

AB Bern 100414

VALCAP
Hard-/Software Package

Fiber Optic Temperature Monitoring DTS Controller Load Control Software - RTTR developed by nkt cables

Service and Engineering by nkt cables

AB Bern 100414

Our System thinking !

Fiber Optic Temperature Monitoring Device

DTS Controller

Load Control Software - RTTR developed by nkt cables

Service Engineering
by nkt cables

Overhead Lines

Fiber Optic Accessories

Fiber Optic Tubes/Cable

Fiber Optic Accessories

HV Cable
AB Bern 100414

The Specification
Temperature Monitoring along an Optical Fiber (Raman effect) Optical Fibre integrated in Cable/Conductor or placed upon Max measuring length: 18km (36km) Multichannel option - up to 8 channels Spec. of Optical Fiber: Multimode Hot spots can be detected Resolution up to 1m RTTR Software for load prediction and grid control assistance!!!

AB Bern 100414

1. Safety
Avoidance and reaction on critical load status

2. Efficiency
Utilize the existing capacity of your net to an optimum

3. Dynamic and Flexibility

With Dynamic Rating to a flexible energy highway

4. Transparancy
Analysis of condition, requirements and planning

Real Time Thermal Rating and Power Cables combined in one

New Technologies

Superconducting cables

RTTR (Real Time Thermal Rating)

Electromagnetic shielding (EMC)

Electromagnetic shielding (EMC)

Valfit+ Cable up to 245kV XLPE insulated cable in PE pipe

conductor XLPE insulation APL sheath earth conductors

magnetic screening
wire armour PE pipe

Cable with internal magnetic screening

2,5 T 2,0
Three core cable in plastic pipe Single core cable in plastic pipe 110 kV XLPE-cablel 1 System 473 A / 90 MVA

Magnetic Induction

1,5

1,0
Three core cable in steel pipe

0,5

0,0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 m 10

Distance from centre of trench

Electromagnetic shielding (EMC)

3-core Valfit plus: screening without steel pipe to approx. 0.2 T in 1.2 m distance (1000 A, 150 kV)

Summary
400 kV cable systems are state of the art, reliable and environment friendly solutions for energy transfer Cable systems can be equipped with RTTR systems such as VALCAP to maximize flexibility and the overall transfer rate Cable systems allow to shield the magnetic field around the trench Superconducting cables are reliable alternatives for energy transfer in special situations

Thank you!