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Biology
Biology
Biology is the Study of Life
Study of living things!
Forceps Pick up small objects Graduated Cylinder Measure Volume Scalpel Cut during dissection Bunsen Burner Gas/ Heat Solutions Striker Lights Bunsen Burner Pipette- Dispense small amounts of liquid Funnel Filter out solids from liquids Test Tube- Hold Small samples Mortal and Pestle Grind solids into powder
Lab Equipment
Lab Safety
Waft, wear goggles, wear gloves, keep area clean, do not mix unauthorized chemicals, follow directions, tell teacher if supplies are broken, clean up spills and glass immediately, use broken glass container, etc.
Microscope
1-2 Body Tube 3 Revolving nosepiece 4- Objective lenses 5- Stage 6- Diaphragm 7- Light Source 8 Base 9- Eyepiece with ocular lens 10- Arm 11 -12 Fine and Coarse Knob
Total Magnification
Ocular Lens x Objective Lens 10 x 4 = 40 TM
Prokaryote
Has NO nucleus Bacteria
Eukaryote
Has a nucleus Plant and animal cells
Scientific Method
Problem/Question Research Hypothesis Design Experiment Collect/Analyze Data Results Conclusion Share Results
Nucleus Brain/ Controls Cell Nucleolus Ribosomes made here Chloroplast- (Plants) Photosynthesis Ribosomes- Make proteins ER Cell Highway Mitochondria Makes ATP Golgi Body Packaging Plant Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance Central Vacuole (Plants) Storage Lysosome- Garbage disposal Cell Membrane Wall/barrier Cell wall- Plant Shape and structure
Cell Parts
Phospholipid Bilayer
2 layers surrounding cell Make up the cell membrane Hydrophilic heads Hydrophobic tails
Reproduction
Sexual
2 organisms Male and Female
Asexual
1 organism regeneration, budding, runners
Adaptations
Help organisms survive
Homeostasis
Body maintaining a stable environment
Endo vs Exo
Endocytosis Taking in nutrients Exocytosis Waste materials exiting the cell
Hypertonic Cell Shrinks Hypotonic Cell Swells Isotonic Cell stays the same
Osmosis- Diffusion of water (No Energy) Diffusion Movement from high to low (No Energy) Facilitated Diffusion Help of proteins (No Energy)
Organisms
Autotroph make own food
Photosynthesis
Organization
Atom Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism
Organization
Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere
Punnett Square
Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics, monk, worked on pea plants Make sure you can fill in a punnett square correctly!
Angiosperms Have Flowers and juicy fruits Gymnosperms, No flowers and has cones
Food Chain
Carrot -> Rabbit -> Fox
Food Web Collection of food chains All food chains start with plants eho have the most energy 10% of energy passes on to next level
Producers make their own food Consumers must eat other organisms
Herbivore eats plants Carnivore eats meat Omnivore eats plants and meat
Symmetry
Assymetrical No symmetry (Coral) Bilateral 2 sided (Human, Cat) Radial Arranged in circle (jellyfish)
Atom
Bonds
Covalent Sharing of electrons Ionic- Transfer of electrons
Abiotic- Non-Living
Wind, Rock, Temperature, water
Biotic Living
Bacteria, Animals, Plants
Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism One organism benefits while other is harmed Mutualism both organisms benefit Commensalism- One organism benefits while other is unaffected