Health Disparities Among Children in Iowa

December 2013
Health Disparities among

Children in Iowa

Results from the 2010 Iowa Child and Family
Household Health Survey

Peter C. Damiano
Professor and Director

Ki H. Park
Assistant Research Specialist

Erin L. Robinson
Graduate Research Assistant

2

University of Iowa Public Policy Center
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Chiluien's Bental Insuiance .................................................................................................................. 14
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3

4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
One of the primary goals of the 2010 Iowa Child and Family Household Health survey
was to explore racial/ethnic health disparities in Iowa through the population-based
data collection used for this project. The survey was completed by 2,386 parents of
Iowa children aged 0-17; 1,859 were completed by phone and 527 online. For these
analyses about health disparities, an additional set of interviews were conducted to
increase the number of Hispanic/Latino and African-American children in the original
sample. The data were collected in the fall of 2010 and spring of 2011.

In summary, there were significant health disparities identified for children in Iowa. The
most salient differences were for Hispanic/Latino children as compared to White and
Asian and Pacific Islanders (API) children in the state as follows:

AA and Hispanic/Latino children were reported to be:
More likely to be lower income
More likely to have lower overall health status
Less likely to have a patient-centered medical home
More likely to need medical care but unable to get it
More likely to have unmet need for dental care
More likely to seek care from an emergency room in previous year
Less likely to live in a household with consistently adequate food for the family
More likely to have a lower behavioral/emotional health status for children
ages 12-17
Less likely to be living in supportive neighborhoods
Less likely to be in schools their parents perceived as safe

AA children were reported to be:
Most likely to have a special health care need (38%)
Most likely to have public insurance (Medicaid/CHIP) and also more likely to
have any type dental insurance
More likely to have need for behavioral and emotional health care and lower
behavioral/emotional health status for children ages 6-11
More likely to have parents with lower mental health status and higher
parenting stress

Hispanic/Latino children were reported to be:
Most likely to have a lower oral health status
Least likely to have medical insurance (10% uninsured)
Most likely to have inadequate insurance coverage
Most likely to have uninsured parents (37%) and most likely to report the
parents insurance was inadequate
Least likely to have a personal doctor and family-centered care
Least likely to report need for care but least likely to receive urgent care when
needed

5

There were also some significant differences for White and API children:

API children
Least likely to have received preventive care in previous year

White children
Least likely to have dental insurance
These disparities point to both issues related directly to health care delivery and health
care financing but also to social determinants of health such as income, nutrition,
neighborhood cohesiveness and safety. To effectively reduce health disparities, future
policy directions would need to address all of these to improve the health status of
minority populations in the state.

6
INTRODUCTION
Studies consistently find significant racial and ethnic disparities in health status and
utilization of health care among racial and ethnic minorities.
1
Information specific to
health disparities among child populations in Iowa can help provide state policymakers
with the necessary background information in order to make evidence-based changes
that can affect the health and well-being for children and families in Iowa.

This report presents the results of an evaluation of the disparities in the health status
and health care use of racial and ethnic minority children in Iowa. This is the seventh in
a series of reports presenting results from the 2010 Iowa Child and Family Household
Health Survey (IHHS), conducted in the fall of 2010 through the spring of 2011. In this
report we present information collected for children in four different racial/ethnic
groups: African-American (non-Hispanic), Hispanic/Latino (all races), Asian and Pacific
Islander (non-Hispanic), and White (non-Hispanic). This is the first time that we
included the Asian and Pacific Islander (API) as one of the racial groups in the analysis
of health disparities in Iowa.
The Iowa Child and Family Household Health Survey
The 2010 IHHS was the third comprehensive, statewide effort to evaluate the health
status, access to health care, and social environment of children in families in Iowa.
The first IHHS was conducted in 2000. The 2010 IHHS was a collaboration between
the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH), the University of Iowa Public Policy
Center (PPC), and the Child Health Specialty Clinics (CHSC). Funding was provided
primarily by the IDPH, with additional funding from the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) and the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Questions in the 2010 survey included a wide range of topic areas encompassing
health, overall well-being, and family environment of children in Iowa with a special
emphasis on early childhood issues. Topic areas in the 2010 survey included:
Functional health status
Access/need
Medical home
Prescription medication
Dental care
Emergency room use
Behavioral and emotional health
Early childhood
Child care
Social determinants of health
Nutrition, physical activity, food insecurity
Parent health status/family health
Substance use and gambling
Demographics

1
Institute of Medicine; Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health
Care; National Academies Press, 2003

7
The intent of the IHHS was to provide information for policymakers and health planners
about the status of families with children in Iowa, including some aspects of the social
determinants of health.

METHODS
The 2010 IHHS was a population-based statewide survey using a mixed-mode
approach to the data collection, and included an oversample of African-American and
Latino children. The survey was conducted with parents of children in Iowa using an
address-based sampling design. Data collection was completed using a combination of
telephone and Internet survey methods. The University of Northern Iowa Center for
Social and Behavioral Research coordinated the data collection efforts.
For the survey process: 1) A packet was mailed to a statewide random sample of
addresses drawn from the United States Postal Service (USPS) Delivery Sequence
File (DSF). The packet included an information letter with instructions for completing a
web-based questionnaire; 2) The USPS DSF included telephone numbers for about
60% of addresses in the sample. Non-respondents for whom a phone number was
available were called if they did not complete the web survey within the first week.
During the core data collection period, 2,386 participated; 1,859 phone and 527 online
interviews took place with the parent or guardian of one randomly selected child age 0-
17 years living in the household. However, population-based sampling methods
garnered a relatively small number of interviews regarding Hispanic/Latino (143) or
African-American (90) children. In order to increase reliability of statistical calculations,
an additional sample targeted toward parents of racial or ethnic minority children was
used. Over one hundred parents of children from a targeted telephone sample who
were identified by a parent as African-American (40) or Hispanic/Latino (93) were
added to the original sample for the purposes of this health disparities study.
There are a number of different ways to identify racial and ethnic groups. In this study,
each childs race/ethnicity was classified based on the parents response to several
questions that were similar to those used in the 2010 US Census. The term race is
used in this report to align with the US census race/ethnicity distinction.
2
Because
race is a non-biologically-based construction indicating social groups, in this report it
is treated as a synonym of ethnicity.
3
Parents were able to select more than one race
category for their child. Questions used in this study are as follows:
Question 1: Is your child of Spanish or Hispanic origin? [Yes/No]
Question 2: What is your childs race (check all that apply)? [African-American, White,
American-Indian/Native American/Aleutian or Eskimo, Asian/Pacific Islander (API),
Other (specify)]

2
US Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census: http://www.census.gov/population/race/. Last
accessed December 15, 2013.
3
American Anthropological Association Statement on Race:
http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm. Last accessed December 15, 2013.

8
For the purposes of this study, children who were identified as Hispanic regardless of
racial identification were categorized as Hispanic/Latino children. Children who were
identified as having more than one race were categorized as follows: African-American
and white were categorized as African-American; API and white was categorized as
API. Children with 3 or more race/ethnicities and children in any other racial/ethnic
category were excluded from this study because there werent large enough sample
sizes for a meaningful analysis. For this report, significance was determined at p<0.05.

RESULTS
Table 1. The number of children for whom data were collected, by ethnic and
racial classification:
Original
sample

Oversample

Total
Hispanic/Latino (all races) 143 93 236
African-American 90 40 130
API 53 NA 53
White 2,063 NA 2,063
Total included in this report 2,349 133 2,482
American Indian, 3 or more
races, other race, and missing
responses combined
37 NA 37
Total interviews collected 2,386 133 2,519

Respondents were primarily mothers (78%), although 16% were fathers. The
remaining 6% were other types of guardians, primarily relatives of the child. Because
most of the respondents were either a mother or a father, respondents will be referred
to as parents throughout this report. About half of the selected children were boys
(51%). The distribution of household income according to the federal poverty guideline
classification was significantly different across the ethnic and racial groups as shown in
Figure 1.

9

Figure 1. Household income as percent of the federal poverty level by
race/ethnicity

Comparisons were made in order to identify where disparities exist between different
racial and ethnic groups. For this report, results are presented for children who were
identified by their parents as Hispanic/Latino, African-American, Asian and Pacific
Islander (API), or white. These groups were compared on several factors, including:
Health status
Health insurance coverage of children and parents
Medical home
Health care issues
Childrens lifestyle and behavior
Family and social environment

HEALTH STATUS
The health status of children was evaluated in two ways: a) using a global measure of
parents rating of their childs health, b) using a series of questions about functional
health status to identify children with a special health care need (CSHCN), and c)
using a global measure of parents rating of their childs dental health.
Overall Health Status
Children in Iowa generally experience good overall health, however, significant
disparities in overall health status was observed by race/ethnicity (Figure 2). Over
ninety percent of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) (92%), and White children (91%) had
an overall health status rating
4
of excellent or very good. This compares to 76% of
African-American and 69% of Hispanic/Latino children who had an overall health
status rating of excellent or very good.

4
Overall health status was assessed with five response categories: 1) Excellent, 2) Very Good, 3) Good, 4)
Fair, and 5) Poor.
S6%
SS%
S%
7%
18%
26%
9%
1S%
21%
2S%
14%
2S%
26%
19%
7S%
S7%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
AA Bispanic API White
Suu% oi moie
2uu% - 299%
1S4% - 199%
Less oi equal to 1SS%

10

Figure 2. Overall health status by race/ethnicity

Also, African-American children (39%) were more likely to need or use medicine
prescribed by a doctor other than vitamins compared to Whites (22%), Hispanic/Latino
(16%) and API (8%) children. Similarly, African-American children (27%) were more
likely to need or use more medical care, mental health or educational services than is
usual for most children of the same age compared to Whites (11%), Hispanic/Latino
(12%), and API (6%) children. Also, 12% of African-American children were limited or
prevented in some way from doing things most other children of the same age can do
compared to Hispanic/Latino (9%), API (4%), and White (4%) children.
Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN)
About 21% of Iowa children were reported to have a special health care need
(CSHCN) as defined by the Children and Adolescent Health Measurement Inventory
(CAHMI) screening tool.
5
The CAHMI is a series of five questions that categorizes
children as having a special health care need during the past 12 months.

African-American children were significantly more likely to be classified as having a
special health care need than children of any other race or ethnicity. Over one-third of
African-American children (38%) in Iowa met the criteria for having a special health
care need, followed by 20% of White and 17% of Hispanic/Latino children (Figure 3). In
contrast, only 9% of API children met the criteria for having a special health care need.

5
The Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI).
http://www.cahmi.org/pages/Sections.aspx?section=10. Accessed October, 2013
S1%
24%
1S%
28%
4S%
4S%
79%
6S%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Excellent
veiy uoou

11

Figure 3. Children with special care need by race/ethnicity

Dental Health
A question was asked about the childs overall dental health status. Hispanic/Latino
children had the lowest oral health status with just over half (52%) reported to be in
excellent or very good overall dental health (Figure 4). In contrast, about four in five
African-American (77%) and White (80%) children, and more than nine in ten API
(94%) children had excellent or very good overall dental health.

Figure 4. Overall oral health status

S8%
17%
9%
2u%
u%
2u%
4u%
6u%
8u%
1uu%
CSBCN
S8%
28%
44%
S6%
S9%
24%
Su%
44%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Excellent
veiy goou

12
HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE
Childrens Health Insurance Coverage
While the overall rate of uninsured children in Iowa is small (about 2%), 10% of
Hispanic/Latino children did not have insurance at the time of survey (Figure 5). This is
compared to about 4% of API children, followed by African-American children (3%),
and White children (2%) who did not have insurance.

Public insurance program participation also varied across the groups. Nearly two-thirds
of African-American children (63%) and almost half of Hispanic/Latino children (49%)
participated in Medicaid or hawk-i programs. About 16% of White children and 15% of
API children participated in Medicaid or hawk-i programs.

Consequently, private insurance also had a different distribution across the groups.
Among White and API children, 81% had private health insurance as compared to 42%
of Hispanic/Latino children and 34% of African-American children.

Figure 5. Childrens health insurance coverage by race/ethnicity

Parents universally indicated that they believe that it was very important for children to
have health insurance, with no difference by race/ethnicity (African-American: 89%,
API: 91%, Hispanic/Latino: 87%, and White: 90%).

African-Americans rated the adequacy of their childs insurance coverage (primarily
Medicaid) highest while coverage for Hispanic/Latino children was rated the lowest
with about 1 in 10 parents (9%) rating their childs health insurance as either fair or
poor (Figure 6).
S%
1u%
4%
2%
6S% 49%
1S%
16%
S4%
42%
81% 81%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Piivate Insuiance
Public Insuiance
No Insuiance

13

Figure 6. Rating of childs insurance coverage by race/ethnicity

Related to the adequacy of insurance coverage, almost 37% of families of
Hispanic/Latino children reported that healthcare costs not covered by insurance had
been a problem, as compared to 26% of families of White and API children, and 18%
of families of African-American children (Figure 7). Additionally, parents of
Hispanic/Latino (12%) and African-American (9%) children were more likely to report
having to delay getting needed health care in the previous year for their child because
of the cost as compared to White (6%) and API (2%) children.

Figure 7. Non-covered healthcare costs a problem by race/ethnicity

6%
9%
2%
S%
21%
S7%
22%
19%
26%
2S%
S9%
SS%
47%
Su%
S7%
41%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Excellent
veiy goou
uoou
Faii oi pooi
18%
S7%
26% 26%
u%
2u%
4u%
6u%
8u%
1uu%
A pioblem

14
Childrens Dental Insurance
When asked about whether their child had insurance that covered dental care, White
children were most likely to be without coverage (19%), followed by Hispanic/Latino
children (18%), API children (15%), and African-American children (2%) (Figure 8).

Figure 8. Children dental insurance coverage
Adults Health Insurance Coverage
Significant differences were observed in health insurance status of parents as well.
Over one-third of Hispanic/Latino parents were uninsured (37%) (Figure 9). In contrast,
13% of the parents of African-American children, 8% of parents of White children, and
2% of parents of API children were uninsured. More than one-third of African-American
parents (37%) were enrolled in public health insurance plans such as IowaCare,
Medicaid, Medicare, or VA benefits. This compares to 14% of Hispanic/Latino parents,
6% of API parents, and 8% of White parents.

2%
18%
1S%
19%
98%
82%
8S%
81%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Bave Insuiance
Bo not have insuiance

15

Figure 9. Adults health insurance coverage by race/ethnicity

Significant differences were observed regarding how well parental health care
coverage met their needs. For those with coverage, about one in four Hispanic/Latino
parents (23%) and 16% of African-American parent indicated that their health care
coverage was fair or poor. This compares to 10% of API parents and 8% of White
parents who indicated that their health care coverage was fair or poor.

As with children, the vast majority of all parents indicated that it was very important to
have health insurance coverage for themselves (API, 91%; White, 90%; African-
American, 92%; and Hispanic/Latino, 87%).

MEDICAL HOME
The patient-centered medical home concept is an effort to improve quality of care while
reducing costs by providing services to patients to assure: 1) ease of access to care,
including extended hours of care; 2) improved communication and care coordination;
and 3) team-based approaches to health care.
6

The 2010 IHHS included a series of new questions designed to measure the percent of
children in the state whose health care meets the definition of a medical home. In order
to qualify as having a medical home for the purposes of this study, children needed to:
1) have a regular doctor or nurse for sick and well care, AND 2) adequate referrals,
care coordination, and/or family-centered care when needed.

6
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Healthy People 2020. Washington, DC. Available at
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/objectiveslist.aspx?topicId=26 Accessed August 9, 2013.
Su% 49%
86%
9u%
S7%
14%
6%
8% 1S%
S7%
8%
2%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
0ninsuieu
Public Insuiance
Piivate Insuiance

16
About eight in ten children in Iowa received care in a setting that met the definition of a
medical home (79%) (Figure 10). However, African-American (67%), Hispanic/Latino
(69%), and API (72%) children were less likely to have a medical home than White
(81%) children.

Figure 10. Medical Home by race/ethnicity

The following are the individual components of the medical home presented
separately:
Personal Doctor
Most of the children in Iowa had a personal doctor. However, Hispanic/Latino (85%)
and African-American (88%) children were less likely to have a personal doctor
compared to API (92%) and White (94%) children (Figure 11).

Figure 11. Personal doctor by race/ethnicity
67%
69%
72%
81%
u%
2u%
4u%
6u%
8u%
1uu%
Neuical Bome
88%
8S%
92%
94%
u%
2u%
4u%
6u%
8u%
1uu%
Peisonal Boctoi

17
Regular Source of Care
For those parents with children who needed care in the past 12 months (n=1,435),
when asked if they had a main place they usually go for care to get advice or when
their child is well or sick, almost all parents (97%) said yes. However, Hispanic/Latino
children (90%) were less likely to have a regular source of care than other children
(African-American & Whites: 97%, and API: 96%).
Family-Centered Care
Family-centered care assesses the parents interaction with the health care providers
when they needed care for their child (e.g., how the providers listen or explain health
care issues). For those parents with children who needed care in the past 12 months
(n=1,435), about 80% of parents said they received family-centered care. However,
parents of Hispanic/Latino children (60%) were significantly less likely to say that had
family-centered care as compared to API (67%), African-American (74%), and White
(85%) children.
Care Coordination
For those parents with children who needed care coordination (n=139), when asked if
they received care coordination when they needed it for specialty care, about nine in
ten (93%) said they did not receive care coordination. There was not a significant
difference by race/ethnicity groups.

HEALTH CARE ISSUES
Questions were asked to assess health care utilization and access to medical care
among children in Iowa. As previously indicated, among Hispanic/Latino children,15%
did not have a personal doctor or nurse, followed by 12% of African-American children,
8% of API children and 6% of White children.
Need for Care
When parents were asked if there was a time that they or a health care professional
thought their child needed medical care of any kind, about 60% said yes. However,
parents of Hispanic/Latino (38%) and API (45%) children were less likely to say their
child needed care than African-American (58%) and White (61%) children.
Access to Healthcare
Access to care was measured in part by a question about unmet need for care in the
past year. About one in ten Hispanic/Latino children (10%) needed medical care but
could not get it in the last 12 months, followed by 9% of African-American children. In
contrast, 4% of API children and 2% of White children needed medical care but could
not get it in the last 12 months.

18
Among those who needed urgent care, about 80% of children always received it as
soon as they needed. However, White (83%) children were more likely to always
receive the care as soon as they needed it compared to Hispanic/Latino (67%), API
(71%), and African-American (73%) children.
Emergency Room
When asked how often they visited a hospital emergency room (ER), close to half of
African-American children (44%) visited an ER at least once in the previous year,
followed by 39% of Hispanic/Latino children (Figure 12). In contrast, 25% of White
children and 21% of API children visited an ER in the 12 months prior to the survey.

Figure 12. Visited ER at least once in past 12 months by race/ethnicity

Preventive Care
More than four in five children in Iowa had received preventive care such as a checkup
or vaccination shots in the last 12 months. API children were least likely to have had
routine preventive care such as a checkup or vaccination shots (African-American:
88%, White: 88%, Hispanic/Latino: 87%, and API: 79%).

Dental Care
About eight in ten children needed dental care in the past 12 months. However, one in
ten Hispanic/Latino and African-American children needed dental care but could not
get it in the previous 12 months. In contrast, 4% of White children and 2% of API
children had an unmet need for dental care.

44%
S9%
21%
2S%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
visiteu ER

19
About 90% of children had a main place to go for dental care, with no significant
variation by race/ethnicity.

Regarding the last time the child had a dental checkup, over nine in ten African-
American children (92%), API children (92%), and White children (91%) had a dental
checkup in the last 12 months prior to the survey (Figure 13). This is compared to 87%
of Hispanic/Latino children who had a dental checkup in the last 12 months.

Figure 13. Children who had a dental checkup in the last 12 months

Behavioral and Emotional Health
Parents were asked if there was a time in the past 12 months that they or a health care
professional thought their child needed behavioral or emotional care. A significantly
greater percentage of African-American children needed behavioral or emotional care,
compared to the other racial/ethnic groups (Figure 14). Almost one in three African-
American children needed behavioral or emotional care (29%), followed by 11% of
Hispanic/Latino children, 10% of White children, and 4% of API children.

92%
87%
92% 91%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Bental check up

20

Figure 14. Behavioral and emotional care need in the past 12 months by
race/ethnicity

In order to better understand the behavioral and emotional health status of children in
Iowa, respondents were asked a series of six questions. All parents were asked a core
set of three questions, plus another three items in each of two age groups pertaining
more specifically to children in those groups (6-11 years and 12-17 years). Core
questions included how often during the past month the child: 1) didnt get along with
other kids; 2) couldnt concentrate or pay attention for long; 3) was unhappy, sad, or
depressed.

Parents of 6-11 year old children were also asked how often during the past month the
child: 1) felt worthless or inferior; 2) was high-strung or tense; 3) acted too young for
his or her age. Parents of 12-17 year olds were asked how often during the past month
the child: 1) had trouble sleeping; 2) lied or cheated; 3) did poorly at schoolwork. The
responses to the series of six questions were then combined for analysis as a scale
score of the behavioral and emotional health of children.

For children in the 6-11 age category, differences were observed across race/ethnic
groups: a vast majority of African-American children had moderate to high behavioral
or emotional issues (86%) as compared to 64% of API children, and 62% of both White
children and Hispanic/Latino children (Figure 15).

29%
11% 4% 1u%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Behavioial oi
emotional caie neeu

21

Figure 15. Children 6-11 years with behavioral or emotional issues by
race/ethnicity

However, the distribution of children who had behavioral or emotional issues changed
as the children grew older. In the 12-17 age category, 80% of Hispanic/Latino children
had behavioral or emotional issues (Figure 16). This is closely followed by African-
American children, in which 78% experienced these issues. Sixty-two percent of White
children and 38% of API children in this age category had behavioral or emotional
issues.

Figure 16. Children 12-17 years with behavioral or emotional issues by
race/ethnicity

14%
S8%
S6%
S8%
67%
S4%
6u% S6%
18%
8%
4%
6%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Bigh
Noueiate
Few
22%
2u%
6S%
S8%
S9%
68%
S2%
SS%
2u%
12%
6% 7%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Bigh
Noueiate
Few

22
LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOR
Physical Activity
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that children and
adolescents, 6 years and older, should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity each
day.
7
Parents were asked During the past 7 days, on how many days was your child
physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day?

Around half of all the parents reported that their children were active during each of the
past 7 days with some variation by race/ethnicity (Figure 17) (Hispanic/Latino: 56%;
AA: 55%; White: 48%; API: 47%). Five percent of AA children had not been physically
active at all in the past 7 days, followed by 4% of API, 3% of Hispanic/Latino, and 2%
of White children.

Figure 17. Child physically active in past 7 days by race/ethnicity
Screen Time
Screen time (i.e., sedentary time in front of a TV or computer) was assessed using two
questions: 1) On an average day, about how many hours does your child usually
watch TV, video, or movies?; 2) On an average day, about how many hours does
your child use a computer or play video games for school, work, or play? African-
American children had the highest mean value for TV screen time (1.98 hours),
followed by Hispanic/Latino children (1.88 hours), White children (1.60 hours), and API
children (1.60 hours) (Figure 18). API children had the highest mean value for
computer use screen time (1.16 hours), followed by White children (1.12 hours),
African-American (1.11 hours), and Latino children (.97 hours).

7
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans,
Accessed: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/chapter3.aspx
SS%
S6%
47%
48%
S1%
22%
SS%
S6%
1u%
19% 16%
1S%
S% S% 4% 2%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
u uays
1, 2, oi S uays
4, S, oi 6 uays
7 uays

23

Figure 18. Children average screen time by race/ethnicity
Nutrition
A series of questions were asked in order to assess the nutritional intake of children
and whether they met standard dietary guidelines. When asked about breakfast, 79%
of API children always eat breakfast in an average week, followed by 74% of
Hispanic/Latino children, 71% of AA children, and 70% of White children.

Parents were also asked the number of servings of both fruits and vegetables their
children eat in an average day. About two-thirds of children (66%) had 1 or 2 servings
of fruits a day. Thirty percent had 3 or more servings of fruits a day. Similarly, about
seven in ten children (72%) had 1 or 2 servings of vegetables a day. Twenty-three
percent had 3 or more servings of vegetables a day. There was no significant
difference by race/ethnicity groups in fruit and vegetable consumption.

The majority of children across racial/ethnic groups (76%) did not consume any soda
in an average day. There was no significant difference by race/ethnicity in daily soda
consumption.
Food Insecurity
In 2010, new questions were added to the IHHS in order to document family issues
regarding food security in the home. Overall, 13% of children lived in a household
where it was sometimes (11%) or often (2%) true that purchased food did not last and
there was not enough money to buy more (Figure 19). Parents of Hispanic/Latino
(36%) and African-American (35%) children were more likely to report that it was
sometimes or often that the family purchased food that did not last and there was not
enough money to buy more.

u
u.S
1
1.S
2
2.S
S
S.S
Tv
Computei
Total

24

Figure 19. Food did not last by race/ethnicity

Overall, 8% of children lived in a household where adults sometimes cut the size of
meals or skipped meals because there was not enough money for food. However 19%
of parents of African-American and 17% of Hispanic/Latino (17%) children sometimes
cut the size of meals or skipped meals because there was not enough money for food
(Figure 20).

Figure 20. Parents cut size of meal or skipped by race/ethnicity

Finally, about 5% of children had a parent who said they were sometimes hungry but
did not eat because there was not enough money for food. This was highest for
African-American (12%) and Hispanic/Latino (8%) children (Figure 21).

8%
4%
2%
1%
27%
S2%
6%
9%
6S% 64%
9S%
9u%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Nevei tiue
Sometimes tiue
0ften tiue
19%
17%
6%
2%
81%
8S%
94%
98%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
No
Yes

25

Figure 21. Parents cut size of meal or skipped meals in past year by
race/ethnicity

FAMILY AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Parent Mental Health
Parent mental health was calculated using a series of five questions derived from the
Medical Outcomes Study Mental Health Inventory short form (MHI-5). Questions asked
included how frequently parents have:
1) Been a very nervous person
2) Felt calm or peaceful
3) Felt downhearted and blue
4) Been a happy person, and
5) Felt so down in the dumps that nothing could cheer you up

These items were scaled and the results were calculated using a standardized cut-off
for symptoms suggesting poor mental health status. About 10% of Iowas children lived
with a parent whose symptoms suggested poor mental health status. However,
parents of African-American (19%) children were more likely to report poor mental
health compared to other groups (Hispanic/Latino: 14%, API: 8%, and White: 10%)
(Figure 22).

12%
8%
2% 4%
88%
92%
98%
96%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
No
Yes

26

Figure 22. Parents mental health status by race/ethnicity

Parenting Stress
Parenting stress was defined using a series of four questions that asked how much
time in the past month respondents had felt:
1) Your child is much harder to care for than most
2) Your child does things that really bother you a lot
3) You are giving up more of your life to meet your childs needs than you ever
expected
4) You have felt angry with your child

These items were combined together and the results were calculated using a
standardized approach for evaluating symptoms suggesting levels of parenting
aggravation or stress. Overall, two-thirds of parents reported moderate stress related
to parenting (Figure 23). However, parents of African-American (14%) children were
more likely to report high levels of parenting stress compared to other groups
(Hispanic/Latino: 8%, API: 2%, and White: 5%).

19%
14%
8%
1u%
81%
86%
92%
9u%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
No
Yes

27

Figure 23. Parenting stress by race/ethnicity

Neighborhood Characteristics
In order to understand more about how neighborhood and community characteristics
are related to health and well-being, the 2010 IHHS introduced a new set of questions
designed to measure some aspects of the social determinants of health.
8
These
questions were similar to the childrens health indicators from the 2007 National
Survey of Childrens Health that were related to a supportive neighborhood and safety
at home.
A supportive neighborhood was assessed by rating levels of agreement with four
statements:
1) People in this neighborhood help each other
2) We watch out for each others children in this community
3) There are people I can count on in this community
4) If my child were outside playing and got hurt or scared, there are adults nearby
who I trust to help my child
These statements created an indicator based on a mean value from the four
questions.
9
Overall, 86% asserted that their neighborhood is supportive, with parents
of African-American (31%) and Hispanic/Latino (27%) children more likely to report that
they did not live in a supportive neighborhood (Figure 24).

8
World Health Organization: Social Determinants of Health: http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/
9
Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (CAHMI). 2007 National Survey of Childrens Health
SPSS Code for Data Users, Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health,
www.childhealthdata.org.
19%
27%
S2% SS%
67%
6S%
66%
6S%
14%
8%
2%
S%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Bigh
Noueiate
Low

28

Figure 24. Supportive neighborhood by race/ethnicity

Two additional indicators measured perceived safety:
1) How often do you feel that your child is safe in your community or neighborhood?
2) How often do you feel your child is safe at school?

Overall, more than 9 out of 10 respondents (92%) said that they feel their children
were usually or always safe in their neighborhood. Parents of White (93%) children
were most likely to report that their children were safe in their neighborhood (Figure
25).

Figure 25. Children are safe in their community by race/ethnicity
S1%
27%
12%
1S%
69%
7S%
88%
8S%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
Yes
No
S% S%
1%
22%
17%
21%
6%
7S%
8u% 79%
9S%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
0suallyalways
Sometimes
Nevei

29
Likewise, the vast majority of parents (95%), with children between 6-17 years,
reported that they usually or always feel their children were safe at school. However,
the parents of Hispanics/Latino (82%), and African-American (89%) children were
significantly less likely to report that their children were safe in their school than
parents of White (95%) and API (96%) children (Figure 26).

Figure 26. Children are safe in their school by race/ethnicity
10

CONCLUSIONS
In summary, there were significant health disparities identified by race/ethnicity for
children in Iowa. The most significant differences were for Hispanic/Latino and African-
American children as compared to White and Asian and Pacific Islander children in the
state.

These disparities included lower health status, lower quality of care, higher unmet
need for care, more likely to seek care from a hospital emergency room, more food
insecurity, and less safe and supportive neighborhoods.

These disparities point to both issues related directly to the health care system
(delivery and financing) as well as the social determinants of health. As mentioned, the
social determinants of health are broadly defined and include
11
:
Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job
opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods

10
Less than 1% of the parents said that their children were never safe in their school.
11
Health People 2020, Determinants of health: Accessed on December 7, 2013 at:
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/DOHAbout.aspx
12%
18%
S% S%
89%
82%
96%
9S%
u%
1u%
2u%
Su%
4u%
Su%
6u%
7u%
8u%
9u%
1uu%
0suallyalways
Sometimes
Nevei

30
Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination
Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash
Social support and social interactions
Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or
cell phones
Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty
Quality schools
Transportation options
Public safety
Residential segregation
While not all aspects of the social determinants of health were captured in this report,
in addition to health services, we were able to investigate aspects of food security,
social exclusion, income, and the social safety net, all of which indicated a significant
disparity by race/ethnicity. Studies have indicated that when considering what most
affects our health status, health care services only affect about 10% of our health. A
combination of the social determinants combined with environmental factors and our
genetics account for the other 90%
12
. Thus, if the intent is to reduce health disparities,
particularly the disparity regarding health status, factors outside of the health care
financing and delivery system should be considered. This will obviously involve public
health but also sectors such as housing, employment and job training, food assistance,
nutrition counseling, and others for ways to increase knowledge and help change
behaviors that can result in a healthier population and extend the ladder of opportunity
for improved health to all.

12
Schroeder, Steven A., We Can Do Better -- Improving the Health of the American People, N
Engl J Med 2007 357: 1221-1228
!

!"#$%&' )* +,'#$%&'-. /"-.$0 !$-$,1

In general, how would you rate CHILD overall health now?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Excellent
45.4% 45.3% 79.2% 63.6%
Very Good
30.8% 23.3% 13.2% 27.7%
Good
18.5% 25.8% 5.7% 7.7%
Fair
4.6% 5.1% 1.9% .8%
Poor
.8% .4% 0.0% .2%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

Children with special health care need (CSHCN)

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No-CSHCN
62.3% 83.1% 90.6% 79.9%
Yes-CSHCN
37.7% 16.9% 9.4% 20.1%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

Does CHILD currently need or use medicine prescribed by a doctor other than vitamins?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
39.2% 15.7% 7.5% 21.6%
No
60.8% 84.3% 92.5% 78.4%
Total N
130 236 53 2062

Is this because of ANY medical, behavioral or other health condition?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
90.2% 77.8% 75.0% 86.7%
No
9.8% 22.2% 25.0% 13.3%
Total N
51 36 4 442

#

Is this a condition that has lasted or is expected to last for at least 12 months?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
90.9% 96.2% 100.0% 89.9%
No
9.1% 3.8% 0.0% 10.1%
Total N
44 26 3 376

Does CHILD need or use more medical care, mental health or educational services than is usual
for most children of the same age?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
26.6% 12.0% 5.7% 10.5%
No
73.4% 88.0% 94.3% 89.5%
Total N
128 234 53 2038


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
87.9% 85.2% 100.0% 81.9%
No
12.1% 14.8% 0.0% 18.1%
Total N
33 27 3 210


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
96.4% 80.0% 100.0% 95.2%
No
3.6% 20.0% 0.0% 4.8%
Total N
28 20 3 168

$

Is CHILD limited or prevented in any way in his or her ability to do the things
most children of the same age can do?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
12.4% 8.6% 3.8% 3.8%
No
87.6% 91.4% 96.2% 96.2%
Total N
129 232 53 2060


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
87.5% 50.0% 100.0% 89.3%
No
12.5% 50.0% 0.0% 10.7%
Total N
16 20 2 75


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
100.0% 90.0% 50.0% 97.0%
No
0.0% 10.0% 50.0% 3.0%
Total N
12 10 2 67

Does CHILD need or get special therapy, such as physical, occupational or speech therapy?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
12.3% 3.4% 7.5% 4.0%
No
87.7% 96.6% 92.5% 96.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2061

%


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
73.3% 100.0% 50.0% 58.5%
No
26.7% 0.0% 50.0% 41.5%
Total N
15 8 4 82


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
90.9% 87.5% 100.0% 89.1%
No
9.1% 12.5% 0.0% 10.9%
Total N
11 8 2 46

Does CHILD have any kind of emotional, developmental or behavioral problem for which
he or she needs or gets treatment or counseling?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
22.3% 9.4% 3.8% 6.8%
No
77.7% 90.6% 96.2% 93.2%
Total N
130 235 53 2062


African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
89.3% 85.7% 100.0% 95.5%
No
10.7% 14.3% 0.0% 4.5%
Total N
28 21 2 134

&

Has your child been diagnosed with a chronic condition or disease that has lasted
or is expected to last for at least 12 months?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
52.1% 55.0% 60.0% 55.3%
No
47.9% 45.0% 40.0% 44.7%
Total N
48 40 5 409

What is CHILDs primary chronic condition or diagnosis?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
ADD/ADHD
20.8% 13.6% 33.3% 20.4%
Asthma
41.7% 27.3% 0.0% 25.3%
Autism
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.6%
Depression anxiety
emotional problems
8.3% 4.5% 0.0% 4.0%
Mental Retardation
0.0% 4.5% 0.0% .9%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
29.2% 50.0% 66.7% 45.8%
Total N
24 22 3 225

How would you rank the severity of your CHILDs condition,
compared to other children with the same condition?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9%
1
4.3% 10.0% 0.0% 8.6%
2
13.0% 5.0% 0.0% 14.3%
3
21.7% 15.0% 33.3% 11.9%
4
17.4% 10.0% 0.0% 9.0%
5
17.4% 30.0% 66.7% 25.7%
6
0.0% 10.0% 0.0% 7.1%
7
8.7% 10.0% 0.0% 6.7%
8
13.0% 5.0% 0.0% 8.6%
9
4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8%
10
0.0% 5.0% 0.0% 1.4%
Total N
23 20 3 210
'

!"#$%&' 2* 3'1,4-'#" 5&6"4-7"

Child's health insurance

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Don't have insurance
3.1% 9.8% 3.8% 2.1%
Private insurance
33.8% 41.7% 81.1% 81.4%
Public Insurance:
Medicaid, Hawk-i, VA
63.1% 48.5% 15.1% 16.4%
Total N
130 235 53 2056

Thinking about how well that health insurance coverage meets CHILDs health care needs,
would you say that the health insurance is....

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Excellent
47.2% 30.1% 37.3% 41.0%
Very good
26.4% 23.4% 39.2% 35.1%
Good
20.8% 37.3% 21.6% 18.9%
Fair
4.0% 7.7% 2.0% 4.0%
Poor
1.6% 1.4% 0.0% 1.1%
Total N
125 209 51 1996

During the last 12 months, how much of a problem, if any, have CHILDs health care costs
that were not covered by insurance been for your family?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Big problem
5.6% 7.1% 2.0% 1.9%
Moderate problem
2.4% 15.2% 13.7% 7.6%
Small problem
9.5% 14.3% 9.8% 16.4%
Not a problem
82.5% 63.3% 74.5% 74.1%
Total N
126 210 51 2017

(

During the last 12 months, has there been any time when you delayed getting needed health care
for CHILD because of the costs? (include waiting to go to doctor or filling prescriptions)

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
8.5% 12.3% 1.9% 5.8%
No
91.5% 87.7% 98.1% 94.2%
Total N
130 236 53 2062

During the last 12 months, how much, if at all, have you worried about your ability
to pay for CHILDs health care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A great deal
5.4% 14.0% 7.5% 4.1%
Somewhat
10.8% 14.8% 11.3% 8.6%
A little
10.0% 16.9% 9.4% 14.9%
Not at all
73.8% 54.2% 71.7% 72.3%
Total N
130 236 53 2062

During the last 12 months, has there been any time that CHILD
has not had any health insurance?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
5.6% 7.5% 0.0% 2.6%
No
94.4% 92.5% 100.0% 97.4%
Total N
126 213 51 2015

)

For how many months, during the last 12 months, was CHILD without any health insurance?
[Asked if ever a time without insurance]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%
1
57.1% 43.8% 0.0% 38.0%
2
28.6% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0%
3
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0%
4
0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 4.0%
5
0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 6.0%
6
14.3% 25.0% 0.0% 12.0%
7
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%
8
0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0%
9
0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 6.0%
10
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.0%
Total N
7 16 0 50

For how many months has CHILD been without any health insurance?
[Asked if no insurance now]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 24.4%
1
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.3%
2
33.3% 4.5% 0.0% 4.9%
3
0.0% 9.1% 0.0% 0.0%
4
0.0% 4.5% 100.0% 2.4%
6
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.9%
7
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4%
8
0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0%
12
33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4%
MORE THAN 12
MONTHS
0.0% 54.5% 0.0% 43.9%
CHILD HAS NEVER
HAD INS
33.3% 22.7% 0.0% 7.3%
Total N
3 22 1 41

*

What was the main reason CHILD was without health insurance during this time?
[Asked if ever a time without insurance]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Costs too much
12.5% 23.5% 0.0% 20.6%
Dont need
insurance/child doesnt
get sick
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Cant get insurance
through employer
0.0% 11.8% 0.0% 2.9%
Used up available
benefits
12.5% 5.9% 0.0% 0.0%
Dont know how to get
insurance
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
I or my spouse lost their
job and benefits
25.0% 23.5% 0.0% 29.4%
Other [SPECIFY]
50.0% 35.3% 0.0% 47.1%
Total N
8 17 0 68

What was the main reason CHILD was without health insurance during this time?
[Asked if no insurance now]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Costs too much
33.3% 50.0% 50.0% 54.2%
Dont need
insurance/child doesnt
get sick
0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Cant get insurance
through employer
33.3% 18.2% 0.0% 8.3%
Used up available
benefits
0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Don't know how to get
insurance
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
I/my spouse lost their job
and benefits
0.0% 13.6% 0.0% 20.8%
Other [SPECIFY]
33.3% 9.1% 50.0% 16.7%
Total N
3 22 2 24

!+

Has your child ever received health care coverage through Medicaid or Title 19 program?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
52.8% 41.2% 6.4% 13.9%
No
47.2% 58.8% 93.6% 86.1%
Total N
53 131 47 1807

Has your child ever received health care coverage through
Iowa's Child Health Insurance Program, called Hawk-i?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
9.1% 15.0% 0.0% 6.0%
No
90.9% 85.0% 100.0% 94.0%
Total N
121 220 51 1967

How important is it to you for CHILD to have health insurance coverage?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Very important
98.4% 97.0% 98.1% 96.9%
Moderately important
0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 2.3%
Somewhat important
0.0% 0.0% 1.9% .5%
Not very important
1.6% .9% 0.0% .2%
Total N
129 235 53 2062

Parents health insurance

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Private
49.6% 48.5% 90.4% 85.7%
Public
37.8% 14.1% 7.7% 6.3%
No insurance
12.6% 37.4% 1.9% 8.0%
Total N
127 227 52 2040

!!

Do you and CHILD have the same insurance plan?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
59.5% 62.2% 78.4% 81.2%
No
40.5% 37.8% 21.6% 18.8%
Total N
111 143 51 1881

Thinking about how well your health care coverage meets your health care needs,
would you say that your health care coverage is...

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Excellent
30.1% 22.0% 33.3% 33.8%
Very good
29.2% 18.0% 41.2% 36.0%
Good
24.8% 36.7% 15.7% 22.2%
Fair
10.6% 20.7% 5.9% 6.0%
Poor
5.3% 2.7% 3.9% 2.1%
Total N
113 150 51 1890

How important is it to you that you have health insurance coverage for yourself?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Very important
89.2% 86.8% 90.6% 89.8%
Moderately important
6.9% 8.1% 9.4% 7.1%
Somewhat important
3.1% 3.4% 0.0% 2.1%
Not very important
.8% 1.7% 0.0% 1.0%
Total N
130 235 53 2060

!#

!"#$%&' 8* 9##"11:;""<

During the last 12 months, was there any time when you or a health professional thought
CHILD needed medical care of any kind?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
58.1% 38.0% 45.3% 60.7%
No
41.9% 62.0% 54.7% 39.3%
Total N
129 234 53 2057
During the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD needed medical care
but could not get it for any reason?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
9.3% 10.1% 4.2% 2.2%
No
90.7% 89.9% 95.8% 97.8%
Total N
75 89 24 1247

What was the main reason CHILD could not get needed medical care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Could not afford the care
or have no insurance
42.9% 75.0% 0.0% 29.6%
Insurance/HMO
coverage was inadequate
14.3% 12.5% 0.0% 14.8%
Trouble getting an
appointment
0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 7.4%
Distance or
transportation problems
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7%
Not comfortable with
providers available at the
time
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7%
Available providers did
not have expertise child
needed
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
42.9% 12.5% 0.0% 33.3%
Total N
7 8 1 27

!$

During the last 12 months, when CHILD needed care right away for an illness or injury,
how often did your child get care as soon as you wanted?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
0.0% 2.2% 0.0% .3%
Sometimes
2.7% 7.9% 12.5% 1.4%
Usually
21.3% 18.0% 8.3% 9.8%
Always
73.3% 67.4% 70.8% 83.1%
No Care Needed Right
Away in Last 12 Months
2.7% 4.5% 8.3% 5.4%
Total N
75 89 24 1246

During the last 12 months, was there any time when you or a health professional thought
CHILD needed care from a specialist?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
41.9% 46.1% 29.2% 37.9%
No
58.1% 53.9% 70.8% 62.1%
Total N
74 89 24 1246

During the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD needed specialty care

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
3.1% 17.1% 28.6% 7.2%
No
96.9% 82.9% 71.4% 92.8%
Total N
32 41 7 472

During the last 12 months, how much of a problem, if any, was it to get the care
CHILD needed from a specialist?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A big problem
3.1% 4.9% 14.3% 3.2%
A small problem
28.1% 19.5% 14.3% 12.6%
Not a problem
68.8% 75.6% 71.4% 84.3%
Total N
32 41 7 470
!%

During the last 12 months, how many times did CHILD go to a hospital emergency room?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
1 time
17.3% 26.1% 8.3% 17.3%
2 to 4 times
24.0% 12.5% 12.5% 6.8%
5 to 9 times
2.7% 0.0% 0.0% .3%
10 or more times
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
NONE
56.0% 61.4% 79.2% 75.4%
Total N
75 88 24 1246

What was the main reason for this visit to the ER? [Thinking about last ER visit]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Trauma/broken
bones/stitches
21.2% 41.2% 60.0% 37.9%
Cold/flu
9.1% 0.0% 20.0% 5.0%
Ear infection
0.0% 11.8% 0.0% 5.0%
High fever only
12.1% 11.8% 0.0% 5.6%
Trouble breathing
(asthma)
12.1% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6%
Severe cough/croup only
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7%
Rash
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3%
Other [SPECIFY]
45.5% 35.3% 20.0% 35.9%
Total N
33 34 5 301

Did a doctor, nurse, or emergency personnel tell you to go to the ER for this care?
[Thinking about last ER visit]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
30.3% 36.4% 20.0% 37.7%
No
69.7% 63.6% 80.0% 62.3%
Total N
33 33 5 305

!&

Do you think this care could have been provided by a doctor's office or clinic if one had been
available? [Thinking about last ER visit]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
72.7% 75.8% 60.0% 67.6%
No
27.3% 24.2% 40.0% 32.4%
Total N
33 33 5 299

What was the main reason you did not go to a doctor's office or clinic for this care?
[Thinking about last ER visit]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
4.2% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Insurance/HMO
0.0% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Trouble getting an
appointment
4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.5%
Distance or
0.0% 8.0% 0.0% 2.5%
time
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
needed
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .5%
Inconvenient hours not
open when care needed
75.0% 68.0% 100.0% 75.6%
Did not know where to
go at night or on
weekend
8.3% 8.0% 0.0% 5.5%
Not comfortable due to
cultural ethnic or
religious reasons
0.0% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Doctor/Nurse sent me to
the ER
4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
4.2% 4.0% 0.0% 9.5%
Total N
24 25 3 201

!'

During the last 12 months, not counting times went to emergency room, how many times did
CHILD go to the doctor's office or clinic? (include all types of visits)

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
1 time
9.3% 3.4% 16.7% 9.1%
2 to 4 times
46.7% 57.3% 41.7% 54.5%
5 to 9 times
28.0% 18.0% 29.2% 25.0%
10 or more times
16.0% 18.0% 12.5% 11.0%
NONE
0.0% 3.4% 0.0% .4%
Total N
75 89 24 1246

During the last 12 months, has CHILD health care professional encouraged you to take any type
of preventive health steps for CHILD e.g. watching what eats or using car seats? [Age < 3]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
61.5% 64.7% 100.0% 72.3%
No
38.5% 35.3% 0.0% 27.7%
Total N
13 17 3 166

In the last 12 months, has CHILD health care professional encouraged you to take any type of
preventive health steps for CHILD e.g. watching what eats or using bicycle helmets or seat belts?
[Age 3-9]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
64.3% 60.0% 50.0% 58.2%
No
35.7% 40.0% 50.0% 41.8%
Total N
28 25 6 407

!(

In the last 12 months, has CHILD health care professional encouraged you to take any type of
preventive health steps for CHILD e.g. watching what eats or keeping CHILD from smoking or
using alcohol? [Age 10+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
41.2% 50.0% 33.3% 37.1%
No
58.8% 50.0% 66.7% 62.9%
Total N
34 46 15 658

When was CHILD last visit for routine preventive care such as a check-up or vaccination shots?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Less than 12 months ago
88.0% 87.2% 79.2% 87.6%
1-2 years ago
10.7% 8.1% 16.7% 9.5%
More than 2 years ago
1.3% 1.2% 0.0% 2.8%
Never
0.0% 3.5% 4.2% .2%
Total N
75 86 24 1237

During the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD needed routine preventive care

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
5.3% 5.7% 4.2% 1.4%
No
94.7% 94.3% 95.8% 98.6%
Total N
75 88 24 1246

!)

What was the main reason CHILD could not get preventive care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
25.0% 60.0% 0.0% 35.3%
Insurance/HMO
50.0% 20.0% 0.0% 11.8%
Trouble getting an
appointment
0.0% 0.0% 100.0% 5.9%
Distance or
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.9%
needed
0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 5.9%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
25.0% 0.0% 0.0% 35.3%
Total N
4 5 1 17

!"#$%&' 89* ="<%#-. /&>"
Do you have one or more persons you think of as the CHILD's personal doctor or nurse?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes one person
55.4% 60.0% 65.4% 61.7%
Yes more than one person
32.3% 25.1% 26.9% 32.3%
No
12.3% 14.9% 7.7% 6.0%
Total N
130 235 52 2061

CHILD has personal doctor

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
12.3% 14.9% 7.7% 6.0%
Yes
87.7% 85.1% 92.3% 94.0%
Total N
130 235 52 2061

!*

Usual place for well care: Preventive care, physical exam or check up

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
1.3% 5.7% 4.2% 1.2%
Yes
98.7% 94.3% 95.8% 98.8%
Total N
75 88 24 1248
Usual place for sick care: When CHILD is sick or you need advice about CHILD health

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
2.7% 6.8% 4.2% 2.2%
Yes
97.3% 93.2% 95.8% 97.8%
Total N
75 88 24 1248

Usual place for care: well & sick care combined

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
2.7% 10.2% 4.2% 2.8%
Yes
97.3% 89.8% 95.8% 97.2%
Total N
75 88 24 1248
Family centered care

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
25.7% 39.8% 33.3% 14.6%
Yes
74.3% 60.2% 66.7% 85.4%
Total N
70 88 24 1205

#+

Referral and care: Didn't have problem getting care

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
12.0% 31.3% 16.7% 13.2%
Yes
88.0% 68.8% 83.3% 86.8%
Total N
25 32 6 348

Received care coordination when needed

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
91.7% 84.2% 100.0% 95.2%
Yes
8.3% 15.8% 0.0% 4.8%
Total N
12 19 3 105

Medical Home

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
32.8% 30.9% 28.3% 18.6%
Yes
67.2% 69.1% 71.7% 81.4%
Total N
122 236 53 2023

#!

During the last 12 months, how often did CHILD doctors and other health care providers spend
enough time with CHILD? [Question asked if a respondent thought her child needed medical care]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
2.7% 3.4% 0.0% .6%
Sometimes
14.7% 18.2% 16.7% 6.4%
Usually
21.3% 27.3% 25.0% 28.1%
Always
61.3% 51.1% 58.3% 64.9%
Total N
75 88 24 1241

During the last 12 months, how often did CHILD doctors
and other health care providers listen to you?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
1.3% 1.1% 4.2% .5%
Sometimes
13.3% 16.9% 8.3% 4.6%
Usually
17.3% 20.2% 37.5% 23.4%
Always
68.0% 61.8% 50.0% 71.5%
Total N
75 89 24 1242

During the last 12 months, how often did CHILD doctor or other health care providers
help you feel like a partner in CHILD care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
1.4% 4.5% 8.3% 1.0%
Sometimes
9.5% 14.6% 4.2% 5.2%
Usually
18.9% 20.2% 45.8% 24.5%
Always
70.3% 60.7% 41.7% 69.2%
Total N
74 89 24 1241

##

During the last 12 months, how often did your child get an appointment for regular
or routine health care as soon as you wanted?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
1.3% 3.4% 0.0% .8%
Sometimes
10.7% 14.6% 8.3% 6.7%
Usually
29.3% 24.7% 25.0% 29.9%
Always
58.7% 56.2% 66.7% 61.6%
Didn't Need Appointment
the Last 12 Months
0.0% 1.1% 0.0% 1.0%
Total N
75 89 24 1246

During the last 12 months, how often were you able to get all the information you wanted about
CHILD health from CHILD doctor as soon as you wanted?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
4.1% 0.0% 0.0% .3%
Sometimes
6.8% 18.0% 8.3% 3.9%
Usually
27.0% 18.0% 37.5% 27.9%
Always
62.2% 61.8% 41.7% 65.6%
Didn't Get Info About
Child's Health
0.0% 2.2% 12.5% 2.2%
Total N
74 89 24 1245

Have CHILD doctors or other health care providers talked with you or CHILD about health care
needs when CHILD becomes an adult? [Asked if special needs & 12+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
55.6% 58.8% 66.7% 63.1%
No
44.4% 41.2% 33.3% 36.9%
Total N
18 17 3 179

#$

How often do CHILD doctor or other health care providers encourage CHILD to take
responsibility for health care needs e.g. taking meds, diagnosis, following advice?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
11.1% 5.6% 0.0% 5.4%
Sometimes
5.6% 27.8% 33.3% 13.6%
Usually
33.3% 22.2% 66.7% 29.3%
Always
50.0% 44.4% 0.0% 51.6%
Total N
18 18 3 184

During the last 12 months, did CHILD need a referral to see any doctors or receive any services?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
34.7% 36.0% 25.0% 28.0%
No
65.3% 64.0% 75.0% 72.0%
Total N
72 89 24 1241

Was getting a referral a big problem, small problem, or not a problem?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A big problem
0.0% 3.1% 16.7% 2.6%
A small problem
12.0% 28.1% 0.0% 10.6%
Not a problem
88.0% 68.8% 83.3% 86.8%
Total N
25 32 6 348

Is there a place that CHILD usually goes when CHILD is sick
or you need advice about CHILD health?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
98.7% 94.4% 95.8% 98.3%
No
1.3% 5.6% 4.2% 1.7%
Total N
75 89 24 1248

#%

What kind of place it is? Is it a doctors office, emergency room, hospital outpatient department,
clinic or some other place?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Doctors office
67.6% 43.4% 78.3% 73.3%
Hospital emergency
room
1.4% 1.2% 0.0% .5%
Hospital outpatient clinic
1.4% 6.0% 4.3% 1.3%
Clinic or health center
28.4% 48.2% 17.4% 24.2%
School (nurse's office
athletic trainer's office
etc)
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
Friend/relative
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
Some other place
[SPECIFY]
1.4% 1.2% 0.0% .5%
Total N
74 83 23 1227

Is there a place that CHILD usually goes when needs routine preventive care e.g. physical
examination or well-child check-up?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
98.7% 94.4% 100.0% 99.0%
No
1.3% 5.6% 0.0% 1.0%
Total N
75 89 24 1248

#&

Does CHILD usually go to the same place for routine preventive care as goes to when is sick?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
98.6% 96.3% 100.0% 96.6%
No
1.4% 3.8% 0.0% 3.4%
Total N
73 80 24 1219

What kind of place does CHILD usually go to when CHILD needs routine preventive care?
[Asked if goes to different place]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Doctors office
0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 59.6%
Clinic or health center
50.0% 66.7% 0.0% 29.8%
Some other place
[SPECIFY]
50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.5%
Total N
2 6 0 57

During the last 12 months, did you feel you could have used extra help arranging or coordinating
care among different health care providers or services?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
13.7% 21.8% 16.7% 5.5%
No
86.3% 78.2% 83.3% 94.5%
Total N
73 87 24 1243

During the last 12 months, how often did you get as much help as you wanted with arranging or
coordinating CHILDs care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
30.0% 15.8% 25.0% 9.2%
Sometimes
30.0% 31.6% 25.0% 47.7%
Usually
10.0% 15.8% 50.0% 24.6%
Always
30.0% 36.8% 0.0% 18.5%
Total N
10 19 4 65
#'

Do CHILDs doctors or other health care providers need to communicate with CHILDs

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
22.5% 27.3% 16.7% 14.3%
No
77.5% 72.7% 83.3% 85.7%
Total N
71 88 24 1234

Overall, are you very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, or very dissatisfied
with that communication?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Very satisfied
43.8% 58.3% 75.0% 56.3%
Somewhat satisfied
43.8% 37.5% 25.0% 32.8%
Somewhat dissatisfied
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.0%
Very dissatisfied
12.5% 4.2% 0.0% 2.3%
No Communication
Needed or Wanted
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .6%
Total N
16 24 4 174

When CHILD is seen by doctors or other health care providers, how often are they sensitive to
your family's values and customs?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
0.0% 3.4% 0.0% 1.1%
Sometimes
12.5% 15.7% 12.5% 2.9%
Usually
20.8% 15.7% 45.8% 20.6%
Always
66.7% 65.2% 41.7% 75.5%
Total N
72 89 24 1214

#(

How often has your childs race or ethnicity affected the quality of your childs health care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
89.3% 75.3% 91.3% 98.3%
Sometimes
8.0% 16.9% 4.3% .5%
Usually
1.3% 4.5% 4.3% .6%
Always
1.3% 3.4% 0.0% .6%
Total N
75 89 23 1238

!"#$%&' 8?* @4"1#4%A$%&' ="<%#%'"
During the last 12 months, there was a time when you or a health care professional thought
CHILD needed prescription medication? [Asked if previously said needed Rx meds]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
100.0% 97.4% 75.0% 98.0%
No
0.0% 2.6% 25.0% 2.0%
Total N
50 38 4 447

During the last 12 months, was there any time when you or a health care professional thought
CHILD needed prescription medication for any reason?
[Asked if previously said needed Rx meds]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
43.0% 41.1% 36.7% 50.7%
No
57.0% 58.9% 63.3% 49.3%
Total N
79 197 49 1610

#)

During the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD needed prescription medicine but
could not get it for any reason?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
7.1% 10.3% 4.8% 3.0%
No
92.9% 89.7% 95.2% 97.0%
Total N
84 117 21 1254

What was the main reason CHILD could not get prescription medication?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Could not afford or have
no insurance
16.7% 58.3% 0.0% 27.0%
Insurance/HMO
50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 18.9%
Trouble getting an
appointment
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.4%
Distance or
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7%
open when prescriptions
needed
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.1%
Doctor wouldn't
prescribe the medicine
child needed
16.7% 8.3% 0.0% 2.7%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
16.7% 8.3% 100.0% 35.1%
Total N
6 12 1 37
!"#$%&' 85* B"'$-. /"-.$0
Does CHILD currently have insurance that covers dental care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
97.7% 81.8% 84.9% 81.3%
No
2.3% 18.2% 15.1% 18.7%
Total N
129 231 53 2047

#*

During the last 12 months, was there any time when you or a health professional thought CHILD
needed dental care (including routine care/checkups)? [Asked if age 1+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
72.5% 76.1% 82.4% 80.5%
No
27.5% 23.9% 17.6% 19.5%
Total N
120 218 51 1968

Needed check-up or cleaning?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
6.9% 9.0% 14.3% 4.9%
Yes
93.1% 91.0% 85.7% 95.1%
Total N
87 166 42 1586

Needed emergency dental care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
96.6% 95.2% 100.0% 96.7%
Yes
3.4% 4.8% 0.0% 3.3%
Total N
87 166 42 1586

$+

Needed other treatment such as fillings?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
78.2% 74.1% 69.0% 76.2%
Yes
21.8% 25.9% 31.0% 23.8%
Total N
87 166 42 1586

Needed dental screening, sealants, or fluoride treatment?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
73.6% 81.9% 71.4% 70.2%
Yes
26.4% 18.1% 28.6% 29.8%
Total N
87 166 42 1586

In the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD needed dental care but could not get it
for any reason?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
10.3% 10.2% 2.4% 4.0%
No
89.7% 89.8% 97.6% 96.0%
Total N
87 166 42 1584

$!

What was the main reason CHILD could not get dental care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
33.3% 75.0% 100.0% 58.7%
Insurance/HMO
11.1% 12.5% 0.0% 23.8%
Trouble getting an
appointment
33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8%
Distance or
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.2%
time
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6%
Child was too afraid to
go
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
22.2% 12.5% 0.0% 6.3%
Total N
9 16 1 63

In the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD received dental care services in a WIC
CLINIC?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
5.7% 9.6% 4.8% 1.3%
No
94.3% 90.4% 95.2% 98.7%
Total N
87 166 42 1578

In the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD received dental care services in a HEAD
START CENTER? [Asked if Under 6]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
23.5% 15.4% 0.0% 3.1%
No
76.5% 84.6% 100.0% 96.9%
Total N
17 39 6 256

$#

In the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD received dental care services in a
PRESCHOOL? [Asked if Under 6]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
23.5% 17.9% 0.0% 9.0%
No
76.5% 82.1% 100.0% 91.0%
Total N
17 39 6 256

In the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD received dental care services in a CHILD
CARE SETTING? [Asked if Under 6]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
11.8% 10.3% 0.0% 3.5%
No
88.2% 89.7% 100.0% 96.5%
Total N
17 39 6 257

In the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD received dental care services in a
SCHOOL? [Asked if 5+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
17.9% 18.3% 18.4% 6.4%
No
82.1% 81.7% 81.6% 93.6%
Total N
78 131 38 1402

Is there one main place where you usually go for your CHILDs dental care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
92.6% 88.9% 92.2% 91.3%
No
5.0% 7.8% 5.9% 2.5%
CHILD HAS NEVER
BEEN
2.5% 3.2% 2.0% 6.2%
Total N
121 217 51 1970

$$

What kind of place do you usually go for your CHILDs dental care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Dental office
91.1% 67.4% 93.6% 96.1%
Clinic
5.4% 27.5% 4.3% 2.8%
Community health center
2.7% 4.1% 0.0% .6%
Or somewhere else
.9% 1.0% 2.1% .5%
Total N
112 193 47 1797

When was CHILD last check-up by a dentist?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Less than 12 months ago
91.5% 87.1% 92.0% 90.5%
Between 1 and 2 years
ago
4.3% 5.2% 4.0% 4.7%
More than 2 years ago
0.0% 3.3% 0.0% 1.3%
Child has never been to
the dentist
4.3% 4.3% 4.0% 3.5%
Total N
117 210 50 1839

How often were you able to get dental care for your child as soon as you wanted?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
4.2% 2.4% 3.9% .8%
Sometimes
11.0% 14.2% 5.9% 5.4%
Usually
20.3% 16.0% 21.6% 23.2%
Always
58.5% 64.2% 66.7% 65.9%
Never Tried
1.7% 1.4% 2.0% 2.6%
Never tried
4.2% 1.9% 0.0% 2.1%
Total N
118 212 51 1891

$%

How would you rate CHILD overall dental health?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Excellent
39.2% 24.4% 50.0% 43.6%
Very good
37.5% 27.6% 44.0% 35.7%
Good
20.0% 34.1% 6.0% 16.9%
Fair
3.3% 12.9% 0.0% 3.5%
Poor
0.0% .9% 0.0% .4%
Total N
120 217 50 1963

!"#$%&' 8B* 50%.< ?"0-6%&4-. -'< C>&$%&'-. /"-.$0

During the last 12 months, there was a time when you or a health care professional thought
CHILD needed behavioral or emotional care? [Asked if previously said needs this type of Tx]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
93.1% 85.7% 50.0% 93.6%
No
6.9% 14.3% 50.0% 6.4%
Total N
29 21 2 140

During the last 12 months, was there any time when you or a health care professional thought
CHILD needed care for behavioral or emotional problems?
[Asked if previously said NOT need this Tx]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
9.9% 3.7% 2.0% 3.5%
No
90.1% 96.3% 98.0% 96.5%
Total N
101 214 51 1919

$&

During the last 12 months, was there any time when CHILD needed care for behavioral or
emotional problems but could not get it for any reason?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
16.7% 16.0% 50.0% 14.1%
No
83.3% 84.0% 50.0% 85.9%
Total N
36 25 2 198

What was the main reason CHILD could not get behavioral or emotional care?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
33.3% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4%
Insurance/HMO
0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 18.5%
Trouble getting an
appointment
0.0% 25.0% 100.0% 29.6%
Distance or
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4%
time
16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7%
needed
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4%
open when care needed
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7%
Child was too afraid to
go
0.0% 25.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Not comfortable due to
cultural ethnic or
religious reasons
16.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Family not comfortable
seeking care for specific
problem
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7%
OTHER [SPECIFY]
33.3% 25.0% 0.0% 18.5%
Total N
6 4 1 27

$'

CHILD does not get along with other children not counting brothers and sisters. [Asked if 6+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
7.8% 5.8% 0.0% 1.9%
Sometimes true
40.0% 28.2% 24.4% 24.1%
Never true
52.2% 66.0% 75.6% 74.0%
Total N
90 156 41 1493

CHILD cannot concentrate or pay attention for long periods compared
to other children same age. [Asked if 6+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
18.9% 5.8% 2.4% 8.1%
Sometimes true
33.3% 41.9% 14.6% 17.7%
Never true
47.8% 52.3% 82.9% 74.2%
Total N
90 155 41 1493

CHILD has been unhappy, sad, or depressed. [Asked if 6+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
8.9% .6% 2.4% 2.4%
Sometimes true
28.9% 37.8% 29.3% 29.6%
Never true
62.2% 61.5% 68.3% 68.0%
Total N
90 156 41 1491

CHILD feels worthless or inferior. [Asked if 6-11]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
8.2% 1.3% 0.0% .8%
Sometimes true
20.4% 10.5% 16.0% 11.2%
Never true
71.4% 88.2% 84.0% 88.0%
Total N
49 76 25 625

$(

CHILD has been nervous, high-strung or tense. [Asked if 6-11]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
12.2% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7%
Sometimes true
34.7% 27.6% 36.0% 28.3%
Never true
53.1% 72.4% 64.0% 68.1%
Total N
49 76 25 626

CHILD acts too young for age.[Asked if 6-11]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
10.2% 7.9% 4.0% 2.7%
Sometimes true
20.4% 13.2% 16.0% 13.7%
Never true
69.4% 78.9% 80.0% 83.5%
Total N
49 76 25 626

CHILD has trouble sleeping. [Asked if 12+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
10.9% 2.4% 0.0% 3.7%
Sometimes true
28.3% 28.0% 6.3% 21.5%
Never true
60.9% 69.5% 93.8% 74.8%
Total N
46 82 16 868

CHILD lies or cheats. [Asked if 12+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
10.9% 4.9% 0.0% 1.2%
Sometimes true
37.0% 29.6% 12.5% 18.0%
Never true
52.2% 65.4% 87.5% 80.9%
Total N
46 81 16 868

$)

CHILD does poorly at schoolwork. [Asked if 12+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
6.5% 3.7% 0.0% 3.1%
Sometimes true
34.8% 41.5% 6.3% 22.5%
Never true
58.7% 54.9% 93.8% 74.4%
Total N
46 82 16 868

Behavioral and emotional health scale [6-11 years old]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
High level of BE
problems
18.4% 7.9% 4.0% 6.1%
Moderate level of BE
problems
67.3% 53.9% 60.0% 56.3%
Few BE problems
14.3% 38.2% 36.0% 37.7%
Total N
49 76 25 624

Behavioral and emotional health scale [12-17 years old]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
High level of BE
problems
19.6% 12.3% 6.3% 6.9%
Moderate level of BE
problems
58.7% 67.9% 31.3% 55.4%
Few BE problems
21.7% 19.8% 62.5% 37.7%
Total N
46 81 16 867

$*

!"#$%&' D* C-4.E 50%.<0&&<

Do you have any concerns about CHILD learning, development, or behavior? [Asked if Under 6]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
20.0% 7.6% 8.3% 4.6%
No
80.0% 92.4% 91.7% 95.4%
Total N
40 79 12 569

Are you concerned about how CHILD talks and makes speech sounds? [Asked if 4 month to 5
years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
50.0% 83.3% 100.0% 50.0%
No
50.0% 16.7% 0.0% 50.0%
Total N
8 6 1 26

Are you concerned about how CHILD understands what you say? [Asked if 4 month to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
12.5% 66.7% 0.0% 38.5%
No
87.5% 33.3% 100.0% 61.5%
Total N
8 6 1 26

Are you concerned about how CHILD uses hands and fingers to do things?
[Asked if 4 month to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
12.5% 33.3% 0.0% 19.2%
No
87.5% 66.7% 100.0% 80.8%
Total N
8 6 1 26

%+

Are you concerned about how CHILD uses arms and legs? [Asked if 4 month to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
12.5% 50.0% 0.0% 15.4%
No
87.5% 50.0% 100.0% 84.6%
Total N
8 6 1 26

Are you concerned about how CHILD behaves? [Asked if 4 month to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
37.5% 50.0% 0.0% 73.1%
No
62.5% 50.0% 100.0% 26.9%
Total N
8 6 1 26

Are you concerned about how CHILD gets along with others? [Asked if 4 month to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 57.7%
No
50.0% 50.0% 100.0% 42.3%
Total N
8 6 1 26

Are you concerned about how CHILD is learning to do things for himself or herself? [Asked if 10
months to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
25.0% 60.0% 0.0% 40.0%
No
75.0% 40.0% 100.0% 60.0%
Total N
8 5 1 25

%!

Are you concerned about how CHILD is learning pre-school or school skills? [Asked if 18 months
to 5 years]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
42.9% 80.0% 0.0% 33.3%
No
57.1% 20.0% 100.0% 66.7%
Total N
7 5 1 24

During the last 12 months, did CHILD doctors or other health care providers ask you if you have
concerns about CHILD learning, development, or behavior?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
43.6% 43.8% 33.3% 47.7%
No
56.4% 56.3% 66.7% 52.3%
Total N
39 80 12 562

During the last 12 months, did CHILD doctors or other health care providers give you specific
information to address your concerns about learning, development, or behavior?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
100.0% 33.3% 0.0% 83.3%
No
0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 16.7%
Total N
4 3 0 18

During the last 12 months, did a doctor or other health care providers have you fill out a
questionnaire about specific concerns or observations you about development, communication or
social behaviors? [Asked if 10 months+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
35.5% 41.3% 30.0% 34.1%
No
64.5% 58.7% 70.0% 65.9%
Total N
31 63 10 466

%#

Does CHILD have any developmental problems for which CHILD has a written intervention
plan called an Individualized Education Program, IEP, or is enrolled in Early Access or Early
Intervention?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
12.8% 2.5% 16.7% 2.5%
No
87.2% 97.5% 83.3% 97.5%
Total N
39 80 12 567

How often during the last week did you or someone in your family read to CHILD?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Almost every day
50.0% 40.0% 66.7% 70.8%
Most days
22.5% 18.8% 25.0% 17.9%
Some days
25.0% 35.0% 0.0% 9.5%
Not at all
2.5% 6.3% 8.3% 1.8%
Total N
40 80 12 569

In the last week, did a family member, tell CHILD a story?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
87.5% 85.0% 100.0% 94.4%
No
12.5% 15.0% 0.0% 5.6%
Total N
40 80 12 568

In the last week, did a family member, work with CHILD on letters, words, or numbers?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
89.7% 81.3% 75.0% 81.9%
No
10.3% 18.8% 25.0% 18.1%
Total N
39 80 12 568

%$

In the last week, did a family member, sing CHILD songs or play CHILD music?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
97.5% 97.5% 91.7% 96.6%
No
2.5% 2.5% 8.3% 3.4%
Total N
40 80 12 567

In the last week, did a family member, work on arts and crafts with CHILD?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
61.5% 66.3% 66.7% 67.5%
No
38.5% 33.8% 33.3% 32.5%
Total N
39 80 12 569

In the last week, did a family member, play a game with CHILD?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
89.7% 92.4% 91.7% 88.2%
No
10.3% 7.6% 8.3% 11.8%
Total N
39 79 12 569

%%

!"#$%&' D9* 50%.< 5-4"

How many different child care centers, home-based child care, preschool, pre-k, or Early Head
Start or Head Start Programs does CHILD currently go to during a typical week?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .3%
1
95.0% 90.6% 60.0% 78.0%
2
5.0% 9.4% 40.0% 20.1%
3
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6%
Total N
20 32 5 378

During the last 12 months, has CHILD Been asked to leave a child care setting due to behavior
such as biting, hitting or other disruptive behaviors?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
2.6% 1.3% 0.0% .4%
No
97.4% 98.8% 100.0% 99.6%
Total N
39 80 12 569

%&

!"#$%&' F* !#0&&.

What grade in school is CHILD attending: FIRST RESPONSE? [Asked if 4+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
First grade
5.1% 3.9% 9.5% 4.9%
Second grade
6.1% 6.1% 7.1% 5.2%
Third grade
9.1% 6.7% 0.0% 5.0%
Fourth grade
7.1% 7.3% 9.5% 6.6%
Fifth grade
4.0% 7.3% 11.9% 4.9%
Sixth grade
9.1% 5.6% 9.5% 6.0%
Seventh grade
4.0% 8.9% 0.0% 6.0%
Eighth grade
6.1% 6.7% 9.5% 6.3%
Ninth grade/Freshman
5.1% 8.4% 4.8% 8.8%
Tenth grade/sophomore
8.1% 6.7% 2.4% 8.9%
Eleventh grade/junior
8.1% 7.8% 7.1% 6.8%
Twelfth grade/senior
4.0% 2.2% 7.1% 6.3%
Above twelfth grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
Ungraded
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .5%
Special education
1.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
Child is home schooled
1.0% 0.0% 2.4% .3%
Kindergarten
9.1% 6.7% 2.4% 3.7%
Prefirst grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
Not Attending
2.0% 1.7% 0.0% .7%
Nursery/Preschool/Pre-
Kindergarten/Head
Start/Transitional
5.1% 8.4% 4.8% 7.2%
First to Eighth Grade
Unspecified (Web Only)
6.1% 5.6% 11.9% 11.7%
Total N
99 179 42 1496

%'

What grade in school is CHILD attending: SECOND RESPONSE? [Asked if 4+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
First grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3%
Second grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Third grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Fourth grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Fifth grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3%
Sixth grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3%
Seventh grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Eighth grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Ninth grade/Freshman
50.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3%
Tenth grade/sophomore
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Eleventh grade/junior
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Twelfth grade/senior
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Above twelfth grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Ungraded
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Special education
50.0% 100.0% 0.0% 39.1%
Child is home schooled
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 39.1%
Kindergarten
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Prefirst grade
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Not Attending
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Nursery/Preschool/Pre-
Kindergarten/Head
Start/Transitional
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
First to Eighth Grade
Unspecified (Web Only)
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3%
Total N
2 2 0 23

%(

How far would you like to see CHILD go in school? [Asked if 4+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Leave high school before
getting [his/her] diploma
1.0% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
Get a high school
diploma
3.9% 13.3% 0.0% 2.9%
Graduate technical
school
0.0% 1.1% 0.0% .8%
Get a 2-year college
degree
8.7% 3.9% 4.4% 5.8%
Attend 4-year college
6.8% 17.8% 13.3% 8.4%
Get a 4-year college
degree
36.9% 45.0% 40.0% 51.7%
Get more than 4-year
college degree
39.8% 15.6% 42.2% 27.7%
Other [SPECIFY]
0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 1.3%
Don't Know
2.9% 1.1% 0.0% 1.1%
Prefer Not To Answer
0.0% .6% 0.0% .2%
Total N
103 180 45 1667

!"#$%&' G* @-4"'$%'7

During the last week, how often did all the family members who live in the
household eat a meal together?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Everyday
41.1% 60.2% 54.7% 35.0%
Most days
34.9% 25.0% 28.3% 41.2%
Some days
19.4% 12.3% 17.0% 21.2%
Never
4.7% 2.5% 0.0% 2.6%
Total N
129 236 53 2061

%)

During the last week, about how often has CHILD attended a religious service or activity?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
21.5% 14.0% 28.3% 12.9%
A few times a year
26.2% 19.5% 18.9% 21.5%
A few times a month
11.5% 24.2% 15.1% 21.8%
Once a week or more
40.8% 42.4% 37.7% 43.8%
Total N
130 236 53 2059

How much of the time in the last month have you felt CHILD is much harder to care for than
most children same age?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
3.8% 3.4% 1.9% .8%
Most of the time
7.7% 1.3% 0.0% 2.6%
Some of the time
26.2% 32.6% 13.2% 16.5%
None of the time
62.3% 62.7% 84.9% 80.1%
Total N
130 236 53 2062

How much of the time in the last month have you felt CHILD does thing that really bother you a
lot?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
3.1% .4% 1.9% .5%
Most of the time
4.7% 2.5% 0.0% 1.7%
Some of the time
55.0% 44.1% 41.5% 44.1%
None of the time
37.2% 53.0% 56.6% 53.7%
Total N
129 236 53 2061

%*

How much of the time in the last month have you felt you are giving up more of your life to meet
CHILDs needs than you ever expected?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
10.1% 3.8% 1.9% 1.7%
Most of the time
8.5% 4.7% 0.0% 3.7%
Some of the time
21.7% 31.4% 28.3% 18.7%
None of the time
59.7% 60.2% 69.8% 75.9%
Total N
129 236 53 2062

How much of the time in the last month have you felt angry with CHILD?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
.8% .4% 0.0% .1%
Most of the time
6.2% .4% 0.0% .6%
Some of the time
47.3% 47.0% 49.1% 50.1%
None of the time
45.7% 52.1% 50.9% 49.2%
Total N
129 236 53 2061

Is there someone that you can turn to for day-to-day emotional help with raising children? (Can
include spouse)

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
89.8% 85.5% 84.9% 96.3%
No
10.2% 14.5% 15.1% 3.7%
Total N
128 235 53 2059

&+

Parenting aggravation scale

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
High aggravation in
parenting score
14.0% 7.6% 1.9% 4.5%
Moderate aggravation in
parenting score
67.4% 65.3% 66.0% 62.8%
Low levels of
aggravation in parenting
18.6% 27.1% 32.1% 32.7%
Total N
129 236 53 2061

&!

!"#$%&' H* ;"%70I&40&&< 50-4-#$"4%1$%#1

People in this neighborhood help each other out.

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Definitely agree
22.8% 25.6% 45.3% 47.1%
Somewhat agree
44.9% 46.7% 43.4% 41.1%
Somewhat disagree
15.0% 16.3% 3.8% 7.2%
Definitely disagree
17.3% 11.5% 7.5% 4.6%
Total N
127 227 53 2029

We watch out for each others children in this community.

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Definitely agree
30.8% 40.7% 47.2% 55.6%
Somewhat agree
46.9% 38.1% 41.5% 36.2%
Somewhat disagree
10.0% 10.8% 3.8% 5.2%
Definitely disagree
12.3% 10.4% 7.5% 3.1%
Total N
130 231 53 2028

There are people I can count on in this community.

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Definitely agree
42.2% 45.7% 53.8% 68.7%
Somewhat agree
39.8% 37.4% 34.6% 26.2%
Somewhat disagree
5.5% 8.3% 5.8% 3.0%
Definitely disagree
12.5% 8.7% 5.8% 2.2%
Total N
128 230 52 2045

&#

If my child were outside playing and got hurt or scared, there are adults nearby who I trust to help
my child.

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Definitely agree
51.2% 60.3% 59.6% 73.9%
Somewhat agree
33.9% 27.2% 30.8% 20.3%
Somewhat disagree
6.3% 6.5% 7.7% 3.3%
Definitely disagree
8.7% 6.0% 1.9% 2.4%
Total N
127 232 52 2026

How often do you feel CHILD is safe in your community or neighborhood?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
3.1% 2.6% 0.0% .7%
Sometimes
21.7% 17.0% 20.8% 5.9%
Usually
39.5% 23.4% 37.7% 40.3%
Always
35.7% 57.0% 41.5% 53.1%
Total N
129 235 53 2061

How often do you feel CHILD is safe at school? [Asked if 6+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
0.0% .6% 0.0% .3%
Sometimes
11.5% 17.5% 5.1% 3.4%
Usually
35.6% 16.2% 30.8% 33.0%
Always
52.9% 65.6% 64.1% 63.3%
Total N
87 154 39 1465

&$

!"#$%&' J* +&&< !"#,4%$E

The food we bought just did not last, and we did not have money to get more?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Often true
7.7% 3.8% 1.9% 1.2%
Sometimes true
26.9% 32.3% 5.7% 8.7%
Never true
65.4% 63.8% 92.5% 90.1%
Total N
130 235 53 2060

In the last 12 months, did you or other adults in your household ever cut the size of your meals or
skip meals because there was not enough money for food?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
18.6% 16.9% 1.9% 6.1%
No
81.4% 83.1% 98.1% 93.9%
Total N
129 236 53 2061

In the last 12 months, were you ever hungry but did not eat because there was not enough money
for food?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
11.5% 7.6% 1.9% 3.9%
No
88.5% 92.4% 98.1% 96.1%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

&%

!"#$%&' K* ;,$4%$%&'

Was CHILD ever breastfed or fed breast milk?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
52.1% 78.3% 56.9% 70.7%
No
47.9% 21.7% 43.1% 29.3%
Total N
121 230 51 2031

How old was CHILD when CHILD completely stopped breastfeeding or being fed breast milk?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Less than 1 week
6.3% .6% 0.0% 1.2%
1 week to 6 weeks
17.5% 12.5% 7.1% 13.2%
7 weeks to 3 months
22.2% 18.8% 7.1% 16.5%
4 months to 6 months
17.5% 19.9% 25.0% 21.0%
11.1% 10.8% 7.1% 12.4%
6.3% 9.1% 14.3% 16.2%
More than 12 months
17.5% 22.7% 35.7% 16.4%
Still breastfeeding
1.6% 5.7% 3.6% 3.1%
Total N
63 176 28 1405

How old was CHILD when CHILD was first fed formula?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
At birth
13.3% 19.3% 7.4% 8.0%
Less than 1 week
3.3% 2.3% 0.0% 5.6%
1 week to 6 weeks
23.3% 12.3% 18.5% 16.3%
7 weeks to 3 months
31.7% 18.1% 11.1% 17.7%
8.3% 14.6% 22.2% 18.4%
6.7% 5.8% 3.7% 8.0%
1.7% 7.0% 3.7% 4.6%
More than 12 months
1.7% 6.4% 7.4% 1.6%
Child has never been fed
formula
10.0% 14.0% 25.9% 19.8%
Total N
60 171 27 1390
&&

In an average week, how often does CHILD eat breakfast? [Ask if 6 months +]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Never
1.6% 1.8% 0.0% 1.4%
Sometimes
15.2% 14.3% 11.5% 10.9%
Usually
12.0% 9.4% 9.6% 17.8%
Always
71.2% 74.4% 78.8% 69.9%
Total N
125 223 52 2014

On an average day, not counting fruit juice, how many servings of fruit does CHILD eat? [Ask if 6
months +]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
4.3% 6.4% 4.1% 3.9%
1
25.2% 20.6% 32.7% 27.2%
2
39.1% 42.2% 30.6% 38.8%
3
18.3% 20.6% 26.5% 20.6%
4
4.3% 6.9% 6.1% 6.3%
5
3.5% 2.8% 0.0% 2.2%
6
2.6% .5% 0.0% .5%
7
.9% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
8
1.7% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
10
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
Total N
115 218 49 1927

&'

On an average day, not counting fruit juice, how many servings of fruit do YOU eat?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
10.3% 11.5% 5.8% 10.5%
1
40.5% 31.5% 38.5% 36.0%
2
20.6% 36.6% 38.5% 31.0%
3
16.7% 12.3% 11.5% 15.6%
4
5.6% 6.0% 1.9% 4.4%
5
4.0% 2.1% 1.9% 1.6%
6
1.6% 0.0% 1.9% .7%
7
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
10
.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
126 235 52 2025

On an average day, how many servings of vegetables does CHILD eat? [Ask if 6 months +]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
6.9% 5.9% 1.9% 5.1%
1
26.7% 40.6% 36.5% 27.9%
2
41.4% 35.2% 48.1% 43.4%
3
16.4% 13.2% 11.5% 17.1%
4
4.3% 2.7% 1.9% 4.3%
5
2.6% .5% 0.0% 1.4%
6
.9% 1.4% 0.0% .4%
7
0.0% .5% 0.0% 0.0%
8
.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
10
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
13
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
14
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
Total N
116 219 52 1962

&(

On an average day, how many servings of vegetables do YOU eat?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
3.2% 7.7% 0.0% 3.0%
1
34.7% 33.2% 24.5% 27.2%
2
38.7% 35.7% 41.5% 38.3%
3
12.9% 17.0% 22.6% 19.7%
4
5.6% 4.3% 7.5% 7.5%
5
3.2% 1.7% 3.8% 3.1%
6
.8% .4% 0.0% .9%
7
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .2%
8
.8% 0.0% 0.0% .0%
9
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .0%
10
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .0%
14
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .0%
Total N
124 235 53 2039

On an average day, how many cans of soda, pop, or soft drinks does your child drink in a single
day? [Ask if 6 months +]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
0
74.4% 76.9% 73.1% 75.6%
1
20.0% 18.7% 21.2% 18.2%
2
2.4% 2.2% 3.8% 4.6%
3
.8% 2.2% 1.9% .9%
4
.8% 0.0% 0.0% .5%
5
.8% 0.0% 0.0% .1%
6
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .0%
8
.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
125 225 52 2002

&)

How often does your child drink any type of milk, including milk added to cereal?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Rarely - less than once a
week
2.3% .8% 0.0% 1.3%
Sometimes - once a week
or more but less than
once a day
6.2% 3.0% 3.8% 3.7%
Often - at least once a
day
25.4% 17.4% 41.5% 19.6%
More than once a day
63.1% 75.4% 54.7% 72.5%
Never
3.1% 3.4% 0.0% 3.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2060

What type of milk was it?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Whole or regular
17.6% 22.2% 21.2% 7.9%
2% fat or reduced-fat
milk
42.4% 41.3% 44.2% 32.4%
1% fat low-fat milk (.5%
fat milk "low-fat milk"
not further specified)
22.4% 19.6% 17.3% 23.5%
Fat-free skim or nonfat
milk
10.4% 11.1% 13.5% 32.0%
Soy milk
.8% 0.0% 1.9% .9%
Breast milk
.8% 3.1% 1.9% 1.3%
Goat milk
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Another type
5.6% 2.7% 0.0% 1.9%
Total N
125 225 52 1994

&*

Compared to other children same age and height, do you think CHILD weighs right amount, too
much or too little?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
The right amount
73.1% 70.8% 92.5% 78.8%
Too much
16.2% 17.8% 5.7% 11.5%
Too little not enough
10.8% 11.4% 1.9% 9.6%
Total N
130 236 53 2055

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How far does your child live from school? [Asked if NOT homeschooled and 5 +]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Less than 1/4 mile
17.9% 16.3% 26.8% 11.9%
1/4 to less than 1/2 mile
7.4% 13.8% 4.9% 7.5%
1/2 to less than 1 mile
9.5% 16.3% 7.3% 10.5%
1 to less than 2 miles
24.2% 20.6% 9.8% 21.9%
More than 2 miles
41.1% 33.1% 51.2% 48.2%
Total N
95 160 41 1555

On most days, how does your child arrive at school?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Walk
8.3% 10.4% 14.6% 8.5%
Bike
2.1% .6% 2.4% 1.7%
School bus
35.4% 27.0% 22.0% 29.0%
Family vehicle
(parent/sibling/babysitter/
dropping child off)
45.8% 50.3% 48.8% 40.1%
Carpool (child being
dropped off with children
from other families)
2.1% 4.9% 0.0% 2.0%
Transit (city bus etc)
2.1% 0.0% 0.0% .4%
Other (skateboard scooter
inline skates etc)
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .3%
Child drives self to
school
3.1% 5.5% 9.8% 16.7%
Child rides with friend
who drives to school
1.0% 1.2% 2.4% 1.3%
Total N
96 163 41 1557

'!

On most days, how does your child leave from school?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Walk
13.5% 14.2% 17.1% 13.2%
Bike
2.1% .6% 2.4% 1.7%
School bus
37.5% 31.5% 22.0% 31.7%
Family vehicle (only
children from your
family)
36.5% 42.6% 46.3% 31.7%
Carpool (with children
from other families)
2.1% 4.3% 0.0% 2.2%
Transit (city bus etc)
2.1% 0.0% 0.0% .6%
Other (skateboard scooter
inline skates etc)
2.1% 0.0% 0.0% .4%
Child drives self to
school
2.1% 4.9% 9.8% 16.6%
Child rides with friend
who drives
2.1% 1.9% 2.4% 1.9%
Total N
96 162 41 1557

During the past 7 days, on how many days was your child physically active for a total of at least
60 minutes per day? [Asked if 2+]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
1 day
.9% .5% 3.9% 1.4%
2 days
.9% 6.3% 3.9% 4.5%
3 days
8.0% 12.2% 7.8% 7.5%
4 days
9.8% 6.8% 9.8% 9.0%
5 days
16.1% 13.2% 21.6% 19.0%
6 days
5.4% 2.0% 2.0% 8.4%
7 days
54.5% 56.1% 47.1% 48.0%
0 days
4.5% 2.9% 3.9% 2.2%
Total N
112 205 51 1876

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On average day, about how many hours does CHILD usually watch TV, videos or movies?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
None
7.1% 6.8% 17.3% 11.5%
One hour
37.3% 35.0% 32.7% 39.2%
Two hours
31.0% 36.8% 32.7% 33.3%
3
10.3% 12.8% 11.5% 10.7%
4
8.7% 3.8% 3.8% 2.7%
Five or more hours
5.6% 4.7% 1.9% 2.0%
Don't own a TV
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% .6%
Total N
126 234 52 2037

On average day, about how many hours does CHILD usually use a computer or play video
games for school, work or play?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
None
30.8% 34.3% 28.0% 30.6%
One hour
47.9% 38.4% 38.0% 43.5%
Two hours
8.5% 14.4% 26.0% 16.9%
3
7.7% 4.2% 6.0% 4.5%
4
2.6% .9% 2.0% 2.4%
Five or more hours
2.6% 2.8% 0.0% 1.8%
Don't own a TV or PC
0.0% 5.1% 0.0% .3%
Total N
117 216 50 1930

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!"#$%&' )2* @-4"'$ C>&$%&'-. /"-.$0

How often during the last 4 weeks, have you been a very nervous person?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
1.5% 3.8% 1.9% 1.8%
Most of the time
11.5% 5.1% 1.9% 3.6%
Some of the time
42.3% 49.6% 35.8% 39.3%
None of the time
44.6% 41.5% 60.4% 55.2%
Total N
130 236 53 2062

During the last 4 weeks, how often have you felt so down in the dumps
that nothing could cheer you up?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
.8% 1.3% 0.0% .3%
Most of the time
3.1% 3.0% 0.0% 1.4%
Some of the time
30.0% 33.5% 13.2% 17.5%
None of the time
66.2% 62.3% 86.8% 80.8%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

During the last 4 weeks, how often have you felt calm and peaceful?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
12.4% 26.7% 9.4% 8.1%
Most of the time
41.1% 34.3% 58.5% 54.7%
Some of the time
41.1% 36.0% 28.3% 33.8%
None of the time
5.4% 3.0% 3.8% 3.4%
Total N
129 236 53 2062

'%

During the last 4 weeks, how often have you felt downhearted and blue?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
2.3% 1.3% 0.0% .5%
Most of the time
6.2% 4.7% 0.0% 2.0%
Some of the time
50.4% 50.4% 43.4% 39.8%
None of the time
41.1% 43.6% 56.6% 57.7%
Total N
129 236 53 2063

During the last 4 weeks, how often have you been a happy person?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
All of the time
19.2% 33.5% 17.0% 12.4%
Most of the time
47.7% 46.2% 66.0% 68.9%
Some of the time
32.3% 19.5% 15.1% 17.8%
None of the time
.8% .8% 1.9% .9%
Total N
130 236 53 2061

Are you currently... [Marital Status]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Married
47.7% 60.6% 86.8% 84.3%
Divorced
16.9% 11.4% 3.8% 8.7%
Widowed
.8% .8% 0.0% 1.5%
Separated
5.4% 4.7% 0.0% 1.5%
Never Married
29.2% 22.5% 9.4% 4.1%
Total N
130 236 53 2059

Are you currently living with a partner? (Share resources and are in a marriage-like relationship)
[Asked if not married]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
25.4% 41.9% 57.1% 26.5%
No
74.6% 58.1% 42.9% 73.5%
Total N
67 93 7 328
'&

How would you rate the overall quality of your relationship with your spouse/partner? [Asked if
married or living with partner]

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Excellent
34.2% 34.1% 46.0% 35.5%
Very Good
38.0% 31.3% 36.0% 44.7%
Good
17.7% 21.4% 12.0% 15.2%
Fair
7.6% 9.9% 4.0% 3.1%
Poor
2.5% 3.3% 2.0% 1.6%
Total N
79 182 50 1822

Parents' mental health scale

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Poor mental health score
19.4% 14.0% 7.5% 10.1%
Normal mental health
score
80.6% 86.0% 92.5% 89.9%
Total N
129 236 53 2061

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!"#$%&' )8* !>&N%'7O B4,71O 9.#&0&.O -'< P->I.%'7

In the last 12 months, how much of a problem for your household, if any, has been caused by a
household members use of cigarettes?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A big problem
5.4% 1.3% 0.0% 1.2%
A moderate problem
6.9% .8% 5.7% 3.1%
A small problem
10.0% 8.1% 3.8% 7.3%
Not a problem
77.7% 89.8% 90.6% 88.4%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

household members use of either prescription or illegal drugs?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A big problem
.8% 0.0% 0.0% .3%
A moderate problem
0.0% .9% 0.0% .5%
A small problem
1.5% 2.1% 0.0% .9%
Not a problem
97.7% 97.0% 100.0% 98.3%
Total N
130 235 53 2062

Was the drug problem related to prescription drugs, illegal drugs or both?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Prescription drugs
0.0% 42.9% 0.0% 45.7%
Illegal drugs
33.3% 42.9% 0.0% 42.9%
Both prescription Illegal
drugs
66.7% 14.3% 0.0% 11.4%
Total N
3 7 0 35

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household members use of alcohol?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A big problem
1.5% 1.3% 0.0% 1.1%
A moderate problem
0.0% 1.7% 1.9% 2.2%
A small problem
3.8% 5.1% 3.8% 6.0%
Not a problem
94.6% 91.9% 94.3% 90.6%
Total N
130 236 53 2061

In the last 12 months, how much of a problem for your household, if any, has been caused by
gambling in your household?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
A big problem
0.0% .8% 1.9% .0%
A moderate problem
1.6% 0.0% 0.0% .0%
A small problem
7.0% 1.3% 3.8% 1.4%
Not a problem
91.5% 97.9% 94.3% 98.5%
Total N
129 236 53 2063

Which type of gambling has caused a problem for someone in your household in the last 12
months: GAMBLING IN A CASINO?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
63.6% 40.0% 66.7% 53.3%
No
36.4% 60.0% 33.3% 46.7%
Total N
11 5 3 30

months: LOTTERY TICKETS?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
45.5% 60.0% 100.0% 20.0%
No
54.5% 40.0% 0.0% 80.0%
Total N
11 5 3 30
')

months: ONLINE GAMBLING?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
9.1% 20.0% 33.3% 13.3%
No
90.9% 80.0% 66.7% 86.7%
Total N
11 5 3 30

months: SPORTS BETTING?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 10.0%
No
100.0% 80.0% 100.0% 90.0%
Total N
11 5 3 30

months: BINGO?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
No
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total N
11 5 3 30

months: RACETRACKS?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.3%
No
100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 96.7%
Total N
11 5 3 30

'*

months: CARD GAMES NOT AT A CASINO?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
9.1% 20.0% 33.3% 13.3%
No
90.9% 80.0% 66.7% 86.7%
Total N
11 5 3 30

months: ANOTHER TYPE OF GAMBLING?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes [SPECIFY]
9.1% 0.0% 33.3% 6.7%
No
90.9% 100.0% 66.7% 93.3%
Total N
11 5 3 30

(+

!"#$%&' )D* B">&74-A0%#1

Is the child Spanish or Hispanic origin?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%
No
100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is CHILDs race? AFRICAN-AMERICAN

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
0.0% 95.8% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
100.0% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is CHILDs race? WHITE

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
49.2% 65.3% 66.0% 0.0%
Yes
50.8% 34.7% 34.0% 100.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is CHILDs race? AMERICAN-INDIAN/NATIVE AMERICAN/ALEUTIAN OR
ESKIMO

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
96.9% 97.5% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
3.1% 2.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

(!

What is CHILDs race? ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
98.5% 99.2% 0.0% 100.0%
Yes
1.5% .8% 100.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is CHILDs race? OTHER

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
98.5% 30.9% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
1.5% 69.1% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is CHILDs race? DON'T KNOW

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
100.0% 97.9% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is CHILDs race? Prefer Not To Answer

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
100.0% 99.2% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
0.0% .8% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

(#

Parent race/ethnicity

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
African-American (non-
Hispanic)
38.8% .4% 0.0% 0.0%
Latino/Hispanic (all
races)
.8% 76.1% 1.9% .4%
Other (A,AI,AN,PI)
0.0% .9% 49.1% .1%
Whites (non-Hispanic)
57.4% 21.8% 43.4% 99.1%
2 or more races
3.1% .9% 5.7% .4%
Total N
129 234 53 2063

Are you of Spanish or Hispanic origin?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Yes
.8% 75.4% 1.9% .4%
No
99.2% 24.6% 98.1% 99.6%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is YOUR race? AFRICAN-AMERICAN

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
59.2% 98.7% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
40.8% 1.3% 0.0% .0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

($

What is YOUR race? WHITE

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
38.5% 61.9% 49.1% .1%
Yes
61.5% 38.1% 50.9% 99.9%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is YOUR race? AMERICAN-INDIAN/NATIVE AMERICAN/ALEUTIAN OR ESKIMO

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
98.5% 98.3% 100.0% 99.7%
Yes
1.5% 1.7% 0.0% .3%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is YOUR race? ASIAN/PACIFIC ISLANDER

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
100.0% 98.7% 47.2% 99.9%
Yes
0.0% 1.3% 52.8% .1%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

What is YOUR race? OTHER

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
99.2% 41.1% 96.2% 100.0%
Yes
.8% 58.9% 3.8% .0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

(%

What is YOUR race? Prefer Not To Answer

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
No
100.0% 96.6% 100.0% 100.0%
Yes
0.0% 3.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

YOU [Respondent] are male or female?

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Male
10.0% 16.9% 41.5% 16.8%
Female
90.0% 83.1% 58.5% 83.2%
Total N
130 236 53 2063

Parents education

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
HS or less
31.5% 62.7% 15.1% 16.4%
Some college
32.3% 22.5% 20.8% 36.7%
4-year college
19.2% 10.6% 26.4% 30.8%
4+ college
16.9% 4.2% 37.7% 16.1%
Total N
130 236 53 2062

Federal Poverty Guidelines categories

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Less or equal to 133%
poverty
35.5% 32.6% 4.5% 7.0%
134% - 199% poverty
17.8% 25.8% 9.1% 12.9%
200-299% poverty
20.6% 23.0% 13.6% 23.3%
300%+ poverty
26.2% 18.5% 72.7% 56.8%
Total N
107 178 44 1826

(&

Urban/rural (4 areas) classification

African-
American (non-
Hispanic)
Latino/Hispanic
(all races)
Asian/Pacific I
(non-Hispanic)
Whites (non-
Hispanic)
Urban
80.5% 47.2% 67.3% 54.0%
Mostly Urban
11.7% 25.1% 9.6% 8.7%
Mostly Rural
6.3% 26.0% 21.2% 30.1%
Rural
1.6% 1.7% 1.9% 7.1%
Total N
128 235 52 2038

Health Disparities Among Children in Iowa

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Health Disparities Among Children in Iowa

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December 2013

Health Disparities among

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