Channel Spectral Characteristics

Some Polyphase Filter Options

FDM-to TDM Standard Channelizer:
Collection of Downconverters
 FDM-to TDM Polyphase Channelizer:
Input Commutator, M-Path Filter, and FFT
 Conventional Channelizer Application
Channelize and Downsample to Nyquist Rate,
Interpolate to Two Times Symbol Rate
 Enhanced Channelizer Solution
Replace Interpolator Function With Buffer Addressing
 Standard Downconverter:
Heterodyne, Filter, Resample
 Equivalency Theorem
Heterodyne and Low Pass Filter Same as
Band Pass Filter and Heterodyne

− jθ k n
y (n, k ) = [ x (n )e ] ∗ h (n )
N −1
= ∑ x
r =0
( n − r ) e − j ( n − r )θ k
h (r )
N −1
= ∑ x
r =0
( n − r ) e − jn θ k
h ( r ) e jr θ k

N −1
= e − jn θ k ∑ x ( n − r ) h ( r ) e jrθ k
r =0
Slide Heterodyne Through Filter:
Convert Low-Pass to Band-Pass
Slide Heterodyne Through Downsampler:
Alias Frequency of Heterodyne
Select Input Center Frequency That Aliases
to DC Under Resampling
Discard Trivial Heterodyne: Now a Scalar
Multiply by Unity
 Noble Identity
Interchange Order of Filter and Resample
 M-Path Partition of FIR Filter
N −1
H ( Z ) = ∑ h( n) Z − n
n=0

= h(0) + h(1) Z −1 + h(2) Z − 2 + h(3) Z − 3 + L + h( N − 1) Z −( N −1)

H(Z) = h(0) + h(M + 0) Z −M + h(2M + 0)Z −( 2M +0) +L

h(1)Z −1 + h(M + 1)Z −( M +1) + h(2M + 1)Z −( 2M +1) +L
h(2)Z −2 + h(M + 2)Z −(M +2) + h(2M + 2)Z −( 2M +2) +L
h(3)Z −3 + h(M + 3)Z −( M +3) + h(2M + 3)Z −( 2M +3) +L
M M M M M M
h(M −1)Z −( M −1) + h(2M −1)Z −(2M −1) + h(3M −1)Z −(3M −1) +L

H ( Z ) = H 0 ( Z M ) + Z −1 H1 ( Z M ) + Z −2 H 2 ( Z M ) + LL + Z −( M −1) H ( M −1) ( Z M )

M −1 M −1 ( N / M ) −1
H (Z ) = ∑ Z H r (Z )−r M
= ∑Z −r
∑ h(r + nM )Z −M n

r =0 r =0 n =0
Example of Polyphase (M-Path) Partition
Block Diagram of M-Path Filter
Pull Resamplers Through Filters in Each path
Delays and Synchronous Rersamplers
are Equivalent to Input Commutator
Input Series in Each Path of M-Path Filter
have Offset Time Origins
 Path Filters are Interpolators: Computing
Output Samples with Common Time Origin
 Phase Response of Paths in
Ten Stage Polyphase Filter
S pectral P has e Res pons e of Ten P olyphas e F ilters
0

-1

-2

-3
Normalized P has e (φ /2π)

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Normaled Frequency (f/fs )
 Group Delay of Paths in
Ten-Stage Polyphase Filter
S pectral Group Delay Res pons e of Ten P olyphas e Filters
-7

-7.2

-7.4

-7.6
Normalized Delay (∆ T/T )
s

-7.8

-8

-8.2

-8.4

-8.6

-8.8

-9
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Normaled Frequency (f/fs )
 Modulation Property for Z-Transform

if
H ( Z ) = h( 0) + h(1) Z −1 + h( 2) Z − 2 + L + n( N − 1) Z −( N −1)
N −1
= ∑ h( n) Z − n
n =0

and
G ( Z ) = h( 0) + h(1)e jθ Z −1 + h( 2)e j 2θ Z − 2 + L + h( N − 1)e j ( N −1)θ Z −( N −1)
= h(0) + h(1)[e − jθ Z ]−1 + h( 2)[e − j 2θ Z ]− 2 + L + h( N − 1)[e − j ( N −1)θ Z ]−( N −1)
N −1
= ∑ h(n)[e − jθ Z ]− n
n =0

then
G(Z) = H(Z) Z =e - jθ Z = H (e − jθ Z )
Polyphase Partition of Band-Pass Filter
Spectral Response of Signal in
Resampled Pass Band Filter
 Performance Specifications for
50-Channel Polyphase Channelizer
Required Spectral Response of Channel
Filter at Output and at Input Rates
 Time and Frequency Response of
Remez Filter Design
Impuls e Res pons e , P rototype F ilte r x 10
-4 Impuls e Res pons e , Detail
0.025 10

0.02

0.015 5

0.01

0.005 0

-0.005 -5
0 100 200 300 400 500 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Frequency Res pons e , P rototype F ilte r

10

-10
log magnitude (dB)

-20
-30

-40

-50

-60

-70

-80
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Normalize d Frequenc y f/f
Channel
Time and Frequency response of Remez
Filter Design with Modified End Points
Impuls e Res pons e, P rototype Filter x 10
-4 Impuls e Res pons e, Detail
0.025 10

0.02

0.015 5

0.01

0.005 0

-0.005 -5
0 100 200 300 400 500 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Frequency Res pons e, P rototype Filte r

10

0
-10
log magnitude (dB)

-20
-30

-40
-50

-60
-70

-80
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Normalized Frequency f/f
Channel
Time and Frequency Response of Prototype
Filter at Output Sample Rate
x 10 -3 Impuls e Res pons e , P rototype F ilter

20

15

10

-5
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Frequency Res pons e, P rototype and Replicates at Output Ra te

10

0
-10
log magnitude (dB)

-20
-30

-40
-50

-60
-70

-80
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Norma lized Frequency f/f
Channel
Commutators for Standard Input Buffer and
for Circular Input Buffer
 Standard Polyphase Channelizer and
Modified Channelizer with Circular Buffers
Content of 64-Point Circular Input Buffer for
Two Successive 48 Point Input Blocks
Shifting Time Origin for Input Data of
Polyphase Filter and of Resetting FFT
 Contents of Transfer Circular Buffer
Aligning Origins for Successive Input Blocks
 Input Time and Spectrum to
30 Channel, 40 Point FFT Channelizer
real part of compos ite time s ignal
100

50

-50

-100
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800

S pec trum: compos ite time s ignal

10

-10

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
Time Series from 30 Channel Channelizer

10 10 10 10 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10

0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
10 10 10 10 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10

0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
10 10 10 10 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10

0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
10 10 10 10 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10

0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
10 10 10 10 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 0

-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10

0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
 Spectra for 30 Channel Channelizer

0 0 0 0 0 0

-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20

-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40

-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60

-1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20

-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40

-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60

-1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0
-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40
-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0
-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20
-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40
-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

-20 -20 -20 -20 -20 -20

-40 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40
-60 -60 -60 -60 -60 -60
-1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1
 Input Time and Spectrum to
50 Channel, 64 Point FFT Channelizer
Compos ite Time S igna l
1

0.5
Amplitude

-0.5

-1
600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
S ample Index

S pec trum
10

-10
Log Magnitude (dB)

-20

-30

-40

-50

-60
-6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000
Fre que nc y (kHz)
 Time Series from 50 Channel
Matched Filter Channelizer
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200 0 100 200
 Spectra from 50 Channel
Matched Filter Channelizer
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50

-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50

-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50

-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50

-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50

-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50 -50

-0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 -0.5 0 0.5