Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !

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Toxicology Problem Set

Chemicals & Human Health Toxicology Problem Set# Student Sheet %irections nswer the &re'(uestions )circle the answer in the Pre'*uestions column+. -o to the website www.biology.arizona.edu/chh and clic. on the lin. to the Toxicology Problem Set. C. Write the correct answer in the column labeled Correct nswer. ll o/ the answers can be /ound in the Toxicology Problem Set. %. "x&lain the correct answer.
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Pre'*uestions
)circle the answer you thin. is correct+

Correct nswer
)write the letter o/ the correct answer /rom the website+

"x&lain )ex&lain the correct answer+

Which statement is the most correct0 . Chemicals manu/actured by humans are more dangerous to human health than naturally occurring chemicals. ,. ,oth natural and human'made chemicals are &otentially toxic to humans. C. Naturally occurring chemicals are more &oisonous to humans than synthetic chemicals. 3ne o/ the items below is a hazardous substance. 4our are sources o/ a hazardous substances. Which one is a hazardous substance0 . ,. C. %. ". clogged /urnace cigarette a dog &aint a&&lied be/ore 5678 dust mite &arts

-i1e an exam&le o/ each Natural toxic substance# 2adon

!an'made toxic substance# Nu.e

E.

What is a common health effect of this hazard? Causes an allergic reaction in many &eo&le. What is the source for this hazard? %ust mites9 li1ing in beds9 car&ets List 2 additional examples of a hazard and its source: animal dander9 lead %escribe the &rimary ways a hazard can enter the body#

Which o/ the /ollowing is N3T a &ossible route o/ entry /or a hazard0 . ingestion ,. absor&tion C. ex&osure %. inhalation

Which route o/ entry may result in more o/ the toxicant in the blood and why0
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Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"#

Toxicology Problem Set

When %%T9 a &esticide9 enters the human body9 it is . . water soluble and is easily excreted in urine. ,. stored in the bones. C. not toxic9 but is &rocessed by enzymes and becomes a di//erent com&ound which is toxic. %. /at soluble and can be stored in /at tissue. Who too. the largest dosage o/ as&irin0 . an adult woman who weighs 5;< lbs. and too. =>> mg o/ as&irin ,. a teenage boy who weighs 5=< lbs. and too. $>> mg o/ as&irin C. a baby who weighs ;> lbs. and too. 5>> mg o/ as&irin %. a chihuahua who weighs < lbs. and too. <> mg o/ as&irin Which will N3T hel& you determine the dose o/ a hazardous gas recei1ed by a &erson0 . their res&iration rate ,. their length o/ ex&osure to the gas C. the source o/ the gas %. their /re(uency o/ ex&osure to the gas ". the concentration o/ the gas 4. the gas?s chemical and biological &ro&erties

C.

%e/ine solubility# whether it can dissolve in water or lipids

What ty&e o/ chemical is more easily eliminated /rom the body9 water'soluble or /at'soluble0 water-solube ,ased on your answer abo1e9 is %%T easily eliminated /rom our bodies0 Why0 :t is not easily eliminated /rom our bodies

D.

%e/ine dose# specific amount of chemicals that enter the body . Calculate the dose /or each &erson/animal in the (uestion )show your calculations and include units+# a. =>>mb/5;<lb b. $>>mb/5

C.

Will the dose be higher or lower i/# a &erson breathes more ra&idly0

a &erson is ex&osed once0

a &erson is ex&osed o1er years0

*the gas is easily absorbed?

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Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.edu/chh N !"# !ost hazardous substances exhibit a @dose'res&onse relationshi&.@ What does this mean0 . The harm caused by the hazard increases as the amount o/ hazard entering the body )dose+ increases. ,. :t does not matter how big a dose you recei1e9 you will always ha1e same amount o/ harm/sic.ness. C. "x&osure to the hazard always results in harm. %. 4i/ty &ercent o/ the &eo&le will die when ex&osed to >.5 mg/.g. /amily home has a clogged /urnace that is &roducing carbon monoxide9 a hazardous gas. Which /amily member is li.ely to be harmed the most0 . ,illy9 the son who is in 5st grade ,. ,aby Shea9 who is going to be in &reschool next year C. Aarla9 the nanny who cares /or the toddler e1ery wee.day morning %. !s. Nguyen9 the mother who wor.s at home. ". !r. Nguyen9 the /ather who wor.s at the Bni1ersity ll o/ the &eo&le listed below li1e in the same house. Who is most li.ely to ex&erience toxic e//ects /rom the second'hand smo.e0 . the grandmother9 who is 1ery /it ,. the mother9 who smo.es C. the /ather9 who smo.es %. the teenage daughter9 who has asthma ". the son9 who is in <th grade $

Toxicology Problem Set

A.

%raw a dose'res&onse cur1e#

B.

-i1e ; reasons /or your answer#. 'His body might not be able to handle all the chemicals ' He is the youngest and smallest

D.

"x&lain your answer# The daughter has asthma so the ris. o/ her getting second'hand smo.e is higher

Chemicals & Human Health Website www.biology.arizone.edu/chh There are se1eral ways to control or reduce your ex&osure to a hazard. 3&ening a window in a room /ull o/ &eo&le who are smo.ing is an exam&le o/ controlling your ex&osure to en1ironmental tobacco smo.e by . . treating the sym&toms o/ the hazard ,. diluting the hazard C. distancing yoursel/ /rom the hazard %. remo1ing the hazard Which en1ironmental health scientist would determine ways to &re1ent and reduce ex&osure to second hand smo.e0

Toxicology Problem Set N !"# "x&lain your answer# -Fresh air will enter the room and the concentration of the cigarette smoke will be reduced -i1e ; additional exam&les o/ how to control or reduce ex&osure to a hazard# C wearing &rotecti1e gear C distancing yoursel/

B.

C.

%o any o/ the careers described in this (uestion interest you0 Why or why not0 The toxicologist because : thin. it?s interesting to /ind out about things that harm someone so in the /uture we can a1oid it.

5. a toxicologist ;. an e&idemiologist =. an industrial hygienist D. an occu&ational and

en1ironmental medicine &hysician <. a &harmacologist