Electronics engineering NIVAC- good precisional position SCARA good assembly IMPATT 1 -1 !

embly IMPATT 1 -1 !"# S$%P"ATI&N incomplete c'arging ()T *on state+ (E,(C -or.ard biased,sat/rated Red/ced collector c/rrent collector .it' lo. le0el imp/rity NI((%E 1 byte N2((%E 3 bit data .ord 45 o6 -reedom Solid &b7ect STEP reco0ery generates 'armonics P$S"-P$%% eliminates e0en 'armonics %&8ER (AC9%AS" 'elical gear 'as lo.er bac:las' t'an linear %ATC" SC 6lip 6lop S; ,C; in0alid condition NAN< S;1,C;1 in0alid condition N&R (ENC" C"AR!E .'en battery is remo0ed 6rom 0e'icle Antimony lead resid/e o6 lead acid battery M&N&%IT"IC IC acti0e and passi0e is 6abricated at t'e same time, e=tensi0e, digital, c/rrent reg/lator only -I%M IC better 6re>/ency response T'ic: 6ilm sil: screening

T'in 6ilm spl/tter -ET t'ermionic 0al0e 43 bits TRANSP$TER comp/ter in a c'ip TRANSP$TER ?1 bit 8IEN (ridge a/dio 6re>/ency IP@IV "a-". is al.ays greater t'an 1 TT% ad0antage is propagation delay EC%- 0ery 'ig' speed 8al: t'ro/g' contin/o/s programming E66icient and /nlimited li6e solar cell P'ototransistor best sensiti0ity <atab/s data line on line b/s CM&S nano.atts- ad0antage CP$ and microprocessor essential partA A%$ and control /nit Comparator no 6eedbac: <i66erentiator resistor as 6eedbac: S'/nt reg/lator series line resistance Sat/ration negati0e 'al6 cycle is clipped Mo0e decimal to t'e rig't m/ltiply by 1 STR&(&SC&PE meas/re speed /sing 6re>/ency &N<&!RAP" .a0es'ape o6 0oltage and c/rrent INVENT&R con0ert <C to AC

T'e di@dt o6 SCR prod/ces local 'ot spot T'e d0@dt o6 SCR prod/ces 6alse triggering Sideband balance@symmetry odd 'armonics Positi0e s.ay P/s'- p/ll- eliminates e0en order 'armonics MAB8E%%-8IEN /se to meas/re ind/ctor@ind/ctances 8'en t'e o/tp/t s.ayed to t'e positi0e, t'e C-point mo0ed 6rom t'e center to t'e sat/ration 8'en t'e o/tp/t s.ayed to t'e negati0e, t'e C-point mo0ed 6rom t'e center to t'e c/t-o66 EAR%2 E--ECT base .idt' mod/lationD base .idt' modi6ied by collector c/rrent Ringing circ/it pro0ides /ndamped oscillation <RI-T E--ECT bo/ncing o6 electron 6rom one atom to anot'er 6rom negati0e terminal to t'e positi0e terminal o6 a battery TIC9E% C"AR!IN! :eep 6res' and 6/lly c'arged 8A-ER 6o/ndation o6 IC Microprogramming E bit (AR9"A$SEN CRITERI&N i6 not met oscillation .ill stop Class C Ampli6ier Rampli6ication Einstein Relation mobility is proportional to dri6t c/rrent

Mean time li6e o6 carrier t'e time re>/ire 6or t'e creation and destr/ction o6 electron -ermi %e0el probability o6 occ/pation o6 c'arge by an electron -ERMI-<IRAC <ISTRI($TI&N -$NTI&N principle t'at satis6actorily e=plain t'e ac>/isition o6 energy o6 di66erent electron in a crystal at a certain temperat/re Static C'aracteristic c'aracteristic o6 an ob7ect t'at is /n0arying or almost constant .it' respect to time &P-AMP inp/t impedance is e>/al to in6inity 'ence inp/t c/rrent is #ero NAN< %ATC" Set;1, Reset; res/lt to *"I!"+ NAN< %ATC" Set; , Reset; res/lt to *in0alid+ N&R %ATC" Set;1, Reset;1 res/lt to *in0alid+ M/ltiplying binary n/mbersadder, s/btractor, s'i6t register <igital comp/ter is sometimes called decimal comp/ter beca/se eac' decimal digit is con0erted in binary 6orm )AC9 9I%(2 6irst IC Fintegrated circ/itG TE< "&-- 6irst Microprocessor )9 6lip-6lop di0ides 6re> by 1

M$%TIVI(RAT&R generates non-sin/soidal .a0e6orm EEE timers can be /sed as a m/lti0ibrator, astable m/lti0ibrator, 0oltage controlled oscillator (&%&METER meas/res HIby 0arying metallic resistance T"ERM&METER RESIST&R meas/res temperat/re PERMEAMETER meas/res permeability o6 6erromagnetic materials Ad0antages@c'aracteristic o6 non-ser0o controlledA 'ig' repeatability, 'ig' operating speed, lo. cost, a=is can be rotated only t'ro/g' 'ard.are stop %ig't meter /nitA%$B, ill/mination in point o6 an area SCA<A assembly NIMAC meas/rable Prismatic linear Re0ol/te Transd/cer 'ig' inp/t Ser0ocontrolled can be rotated t'ro/g' *so6t stop+ M&N&STA(%E M$%TIVI(RAT&R can introd/ced delay iIeI 1 micro second to 1 milli second EC% lo. propagation time CM&S 'ig' pac:ing density, lo. po.er dissipation Fin terms o6 nano.attsG INVENT&R dc to ac

Class C R- ampli6ier (/66er ampli6ier- lo. mismatc', lo. Volatile memory semicond/ctor R&M E%ECTR&"EATIN! 'air pin 6orm %ead-acid battery lead pero=ide, spongelead, s/l6/ric acid Transp/ter parallel processing C"&PPER 6i=ed dc 0oltage to 0ariable dc 0oltage Symmetry odd 'armonics Monostable m/lti0ibrator 1 microsecond to 1 millisecond to 1 millisecond Monolit'ic IC passi0e and acti0e component in 1 process T'in 6ilm ceramic T'ic: 6ilm al/mina Anderson circ/it /pgraded Ma=.ell-8ien P"ANTASTR&N modi6ied 0ersion o6 miller CAN<E%A /nit o6 l/min/o/s intensityFSIG or l/=FM9SG P'otocond/cti0e cellp'ototransistorDp'otoresistor %C< o0er %E< and CM&S o0er TT% e=tremely %o. po.er dissipation Class A .it' trans6ormer co/pling E J e66iciency Class C KEJ PIN semicond/ctor sand.ic' by 1 metallic material

"al6 po.er ? db increase %E< 'a0e 'ig'er internal resistance t'an p'otodiode CM&S nano.att po.er dissipation <aisy c'aining interr/pt 0al/es -loating point maltissa,base and e=ponent <iac 3 pair o6 SCR Clamper introd/ces dc 0oltage to ac Emitter 6ollo.er common collector Common collector c/rrent ampli6ier %oad impedance m/st matc' ampli6ier impedance in order to ma=im/m po.er trans6erred to t'e load EPR&M can be erased /sing /ltra0iolet lig't EAPR&M %ASER co'erent, monoc'romatic Tic:le c'arge 6res' and 6/lly c'arged 'o smallest 'ybrid parameter '11 ; V1@I1 1st IC 7ac: :ilby 'ands'a:e inp/t@o/tp/t ports bet.een comparator s/lp'ation incomplete c'arging nibble 1 byte 3 bits CP$ L MICR&PR&CESS&R composed o6 A%$ and control /nit

<amping 6orce mo0ing Trans6ormer co/pling increases e66icienc "artley tapped ind/ctor Colppitts tapped capacitor Nima gantry robot - - best precision 43 bit /se in large comp/ter 1 nibbles 1 bytes re0ol/tes rotates prismatic straig't a=is &P AMP gain is 1, , Card reader 1 Pea: in0erse 0oltage FPIVG ma=im/m re0ersed 0oltage 3 to 1 o'm VR e=p F1@?G %@C balanced SCS anode, cat'ode and 1 gate %ASCR no gate Class c e66iciency KEJ Class A E J, less distortion "al6 A<<ER B&R and &R Roll o66 3 db -3 d(@decade ; -11 d(@octa0e 1:.' ; K4 9cal roll o66 decrease in gain d/e to 6re>/ency 6loating battery /sed in po.er s/pply, emergency lig't, telep'one lines blo.n 6/se .'en lamps lig't /p Einstein relation mobility PIN diode /sed /p to !"# range

Permeameter meas/re permeability o6 6erro/s materials E=cess-? larger t'an (C< by ? -ilm IC passi0e component T'ree p'ase symmetry 1nd, 3t', 4t' %/= l/minance Positi0e temperat/re coe66icient increase in temperat/re also increases resistance Series capacitor long T% S'/nt reactance <ead s'ort most dangero/s In0entor dc to ac Class ( p/s' p/ll <arlington pair base to base, collector Emitter to t'e 1nd base Comparator no 6eedbac: Sensiti0ity A@A6 <i66erential ampli6ier same inp/t #ero o/tp/t Cell capacity is meas/re in AMPERE-"&$R T'ermal r/na.ay Increase capacity o6 6/se o0erload Compiler store and re-/se !old doping less s'ortage time En'ancement only N-type M&S-ET 'ig' positi0e Si&1 isolate@isolation <IAC sc'ott:y diode bac: to bac: Class C e66iciency mostly KEJ CC@emitter 6ollo.er 0oltage gain cannot e=ceed /nity

S-C latc' <ecade co/nter M inp/ts t'e ne=t inp/t .ill reset d0@dt e66ect in SCR 6alse triggering di@dt e66ect in SCR 'ot s'ot inp/t terminal o6 opampAin0erting and non-in0erting !ain o6 darlington m/ltiply beta $)T diode and 1 resistor (olometer meas/res temperat/re 0ariation SI /nit o6 l/minance l/= %ig't meter /ses l/= as /nit o6 meas/rement T'ermal r/na.ay increase in temperat/re o6 (C 7/nction .ill increase t'e collector c/rrent and 'ence destroy diode S:in e66ect ac transmission ? p'ase system 'as a Et' 'armonic negati0e p'ase se>/ence o6 R(2 <arlington pair C( ampli6ier < 6lip-6lop con0enient .ay in binary co/nting < 6lip-6lop composed o6 )9 and RS 6lip 6lop and in0erter T'ermal ne/trons slo. ne/trons P'otot/be emits electrons .'en cat'ode is ill/minated )9 -@- di0ides 6re>/ency by 1 1 byte 1 nibbles 1 nibbles 3 bits sat/ration - VCE;

c/t-o66 - VCE; VCC po.er loss d/e to corona static V@I c/r0e describe by (&%TNMANN <iode e>/ation stroboscope meas/re speed at preset 6re>/ency damping 6orce mo0ing element Class ( eliminate e0en 'armonics Class A .orse case condition .'en inp/t is #ero Microprogramming control step Transmission lines cond/ctor atmosp'eric temperat/re increases, lengt' increases and stress decreases NIMA9 gantry good precision IE 1 micron .idt' o6 depletion region IE micro meter .idt' o6 depletion region o6 /nbiased pn 7/nction IMPATT /sed in Micro.a0eF 1 -1 !"#G Anderson bridge modi6ied 0ersion o6 Ma=.ell-.ien bridge D /sed to meas/re ind/ctance in term o6 :no.n capacitance and resistance <E SA$T2 bridged compares 1 capacitance o6 1 air capacitor "ea0iside-Campbell E>/al ratio bridge /sed to meas/re sel6 ind/ctance in terms o6 m/t/al ind/ctance -ermi le0el 6o/nd in t'e 6orbidden gap

Monolit'ic IC compactD /sed in comp/ters T'in 6ilm IC /sed in sp/ttering ceramic s/bstance T'ic: 6ilm IC /sed in sil: screening al/mina s/bstrate - 1 micro ampere 'as a sensiti0ity o6 1:ilo-o'm@0olts IC;OIe PIco 6orm/la o6 C( ampli6ier I1% bipolar sat/rated logic "ays bridged 8ien bridged oscillator stable sine .a0e a/dio generator %ead acid cell consist o6 lead pero=ide, sponged lead and dil/te s/lp'/ric acid SCARA /ses assembly operation S/lp'ation incomplete c'arging P'otodiode /sed in alarm control system and timing End e66ect base .idt' mod/lation MI%%ER circ/it /sed to con0ert step .a0e6orm to ramp .a0e6orm P'antastron modi6ied miller circ/it (ootstrap circ/it /sed to prod/ced constant c/rrent by maintaining constant 0oltage T/nnel diode imp/rity atoms may increase to 1 to 1 ? Rela=ation oscillator interdependent circ/it

Class A ma=im/m e66iciency E J Class ( ma=im/m e66iciency Q J Class C minim/m e66iciency KEJ Sc'ott:y TT% 'a least propagation delay EAPR&M !alli/m Arsenide In6rared %E< -/ll Adder add 1 binary and a carry inp/t Varactor 0ariable capacitor 1 1 milli second monostable I1 millisecond; 1:ilo-o'm@0olt 'ay 'ig' p'ase angle, increase impedance class A less distortion class C distorted < 6lip 6lop RS,)9,in0erter Atten/ator decreases amplit/de o6 signal Microprogramming oldest met'od CE ampli6ier 1K degrees o/to6-p'ase Sediment at t'e bottom o6 lead acid antimony and lead alloy Nic:el-iron 11J iron, ca/stic potas', nic:el 'ydro=ide 1I11 ripple 6actor bridge discrete digital analog distortion electron 6lo. Emitter-base collector Sc'ott:y 6astest s.itc'ing

<ri6t bo/ncing o6 electron 6rom negati0e to positi0e Anderson bridged sol0ed /n:no.n ind/ctance /sing resistance and capacitance Po.er meas/re :ilo.att'rF9."G SCR- pair .it' 3 layer C/t-o66 Vce;Vcc -l/=-.eber Calibration ad7/stment Sc'ott:y sol0e t'e problem o6 6ast s.itc'ing 4 degrees o6 6reedom solid ob7ect CMMR ; in6inityFop amp idealG S/btractor- can be per6ormed by an adder SiliconF13GA 1 K 3Felectron distrib/tionG N;3 A3 s/bs'ell T/nnel diode 3 to 1 >/ality 6actor ratio o6 energy to dissipated 6actor rise time time bet.een1 J to M J o6 t'e signal coil increase 'eat,increase c/rrent electric 6ield /nit A Ne.ton@co/lomb;0olt@meter absol/te permitti0ity /nitA-@m linear distortion is ca/sed by internal 7/nction in transistor and e=ternal capacitance t'ermal ne/tron slo. ne/tron

microprocessor /ses ? b/ses comparati0e s/btracting is /sed to simpli6y circ/it F/ses adderG PIV o6 'al6.a0e recti6ier is 1Vm i6 s'/nt capacitor is /sed %ead acid .ater is neit'er 6ormed nor absorbed Re0erse reco0ery time 6or.ard biased o66 state Nero po.er cannot be #ero d(, #ero cannot be de6ined in d( &scillator positi0e 6eedbac: Voltage drop o6 al/min/m is greater t'an copper beca/se o6 'ig' resisti0ity o6 al/min/m *o'mic resistance+ cond/ctor i6 c/rrent is e>/ally distrib/ted on cross section o6 cond/ctor RC po.er 6actor is bet.een to 1 Magnetic de6lection system /sed in CRT Transd/cer 'ig' inp/t, lo. o/tp/t E(-(C darlington pair 9arel Cape: coined *robotics+ Anderson bridge determine ind/ctance .it' :no.n capacitance and resistance Ma=.ell 8ien bridge determine ind/ctance <e sa/ty capacitance o6 air capacitor "ea0iside Campbell meas/re sel6 ind/ctance gi0en m/t/al ind/ctance 1 nibbles 1 .ord

Triac 6/nction as SCR P'ototransistor p'otoresistor Sc'ott:y diode 'ig' s.itc'ing !ating circ/it rectang/lart .a0e <aisy c'aining interr/pt 0al/es -loating point mantissa, base, e=ponent Step reco0ery generate 'armonic P/s'-p/ll ampli6ier eliminates e0en order 'armonics M/lti0ibrator non-sin/soidal Colpitts Capacitor and t/ned circ/it "artley - ind/ctor and t/ned circ/it &p-Amp in6inite impedanceD c/rrent ; Eddy c/rrent damping most applicable Po.er loss d/e to corona bo/nded cond/ctor %ead acid - not dependent on c'arge Capacitor is not dependent on plate t'ic:ness )9 -@- o0er SC -@- toggle Capacity o6 cell ampere-'o/r T'ermionic 0al0e -ET 'o smallest ' parameter %ASCR similar to SCR e=cept 6or t'e gate Early e66ect base .idt' mod/lationD base narro.ingD 0ariation o6 .idt' i6 t'e base

Voltage gain o6 darlington pair m/ltiply beta Most dangero/s dead s'ort end Miller circ/it p/lse ramp to (ootstrap constant c/rrent Nic:el Iron cell nic:el and po.dered iron and its o=ides and 11J o6 ca/stic potas' TT% less propagation delay EAR&M degrades memory < -@- binary co/nter Amplit/de stabili#ation circ/it red/ce amplit/de D less distortion -ermi <irac energy distrib/tion 6/nction distrib/tion 6/nction t'at satis6actorily !aAs %E< in6rared lig't Fin0insibleG T'ermometer resistor meas/res temperat/re 1 SCR triac s/bs'ell;3 .'en n;3 gain o6 an op-amp 1 to prod/ced c/rrent in a diode t'e 0oltage s'o/ld be greater t'an IQ C&PPER 'as t'e lo.est resisti0ity at -1Q? 9 Sc'ott:y diode A PtypeA!&%<,SI%VER,P%ATIN$M N-typeASI%IC&N Sensiti0ity o6 1 mA ; 19o'm@0olt Ad0antage o6 laser monoc'romatic and co'erent

Mica is a cond/ctor t'e statement is 6alse Voltage gain o6 CC al.ays less t'an /nity Is a 6actor o6 bot' tor>/e and po.er speed 8att-'o/r is /sed as recording be0ice 3 bits - nybble 1 byte 1 nibble ideal inp/t impedance o6 an opamp is- in6inite according to (ar:'a/sen principle an op-amp .ill oscillate i6 its gain is 1 and p'ase in0ersion is #ero TRANS-&RMER C&$P%IN! /sed to increase t'e e66iciency o6 Class A ampli6ier Ideal noise 6actor #ero Positi0e 6eedbac: ca/ses oscillation Tapped coil colpitts Tapped ind/ctor "artley CR2STA% 'as t'e greatest 6re>/ency stability CR2STA% 'as t'e simplest circ/it <arlington pair and emitter 6ollo.er 'as t'e same 0al/e o6 gain P/re resisti0e circ/it 'as no transient beca/se it 'as no stored energy Transient component capacitor and ind/ctor

$ni>/e c'aracteristic o6 CE p'ase in0ersion $ni>/e c'aracteristic o6 CC 'ig' c/rrent gain "al6 scale de6lection E J Ib;1 micro ampere, Ic;1 milli ampere range o6 beta is 1I 1 /p to 1 T'ic:ness o6 depletion region IE micrometer Monostable m/lti0ibrator increase time delay ASTA(%E m/lti0ibrator prod/ces oscillation <eacade co/nter co/nt /p to M and reset to start &/tp/t is lo. .'en 1 inp/t or all inp/t are 'ig' (oolean algebra .as deri0ed 6rom logic An adder can be made B&R and &R gate

Electronics engineering -erranti E66ect sending 0oltage end is less t'an t'e recei0ing 0oltage end Sc'ering (ridge /sed to meas/re /n:no.n capacitance )ITI (acon de0eloped 6/el cell in 1MEM Reamae/r e66ect absorption o6 slo. mo0ing electron by inter0ening matter 1 KIKJ - cond/cti0ity o6 p/re annealed silcer

Q1I4J - cond/cti0ity o6 MMIMJ gold 4?J - cond/cti0ity o6 MMIEJ al/min/m S.inb/rnes test /sed to meas/res no load losses Cycle time time it ta:es a robot to mo0e 6rom 1 point to anot'er Cyclotron /sed to c'ange AC 0oltage 6re>/ency to anot'er 6re>/ency SRS F Spread Resistance SensorG /sed to meas/re c'ange in resistance o6 e=trinsic semicond/ctorI &S memory contain (I&S .'ic' is /sed .'en starting a comp/ter Stac: memory t'at implement last in 6irst o/t F%I-&G Solid gro/nding /sed 6or R44 V Resistance gro/nding 6or ?I? 11 :V Robot .or: en0elop de6ine t'e motion o6 rotation o6 a=is ? degrees o6 6reedom addition o6 .rist 4 times NM&S slo.er t'an PM&S Con0erter trans6ormer /sed 6or 6re>/ency 6rom 1 "# /p to 1E 9"# Carrier 6re>/ency trans6ormer /sed 6or 6re>/ency 6rom 1 9"# /p to 1 M"#

C/ant/m t'eory t'eory t'at e=plained t'e relation bet.een matter and .a0es !eometry distance bet.een 6eat/res 1 ? micro meter minim/m distance bet.een 6eat/res 1 micro meter minim/m distance 6or ad0anced IC Ernest R/t'er6ord static atom diameter meas/res 1 -13 meter Po.er ampli6ier less t'an 1 '# S:in e66ect present on 'ig' 6re>/ency only Capacitance no e66ect on small transmission line <ecrease capacitance, no c'ange on ind/ctance increase transmitter to.er 'eig't &rt'ogonal n/lling re6ers to garaging t'e t.o ad7/stment o6 an ac bridge toget'er in s/c' a .ay t'at c'anging one ad7/stment c'anges t'e ot'er in a special .ay, b/t c'anging t'e ot'er does not c'ange t'e 6irstI Common drain b/66er ampli6ier Common so/rce commonly /sed 8ien bridge IE 1 J error Triang/lar .a0e rise and decay time are e>/al P'otot/be electronic t/be t'at emits p'oto electron .'en cat'ode is ill/minated <amping 6actor 6ilter

CMRR o6 op-amps 1 1 CMRR o6 op-amps 3 K d( Nener diode mostly /sed 0olyage re6erence in 0oltage po.er s/pply S/btractor di66erential ampli6ier Rate o6 c'ange 6irst deri0ati0e o6 sine .a0e Voltage drop o6 seleni/m 1 P'otocells seleni/m 8aston sat/rated cell acc/rate re6erence standard cell 6or large laboratories 4I 11 = 1 raise to 1? :g e>/al to /ni0ersal atomic mass /nit a0ogadros n/mber t'e atomic mass /nit in grams is in0ersely proportional to ? to K inc'es diameter o6 .a6er 4 electrodes 1 element t'ree p'ase c'arge co/pled de0ices 'as 'o. many electrodes gap .idt' bet.een electrodes CC< c'arge trans6er e66iciency depends on so6t stop eac' a=is in ser0o controlled robot mo0es bet.een amplit/de stabili#ation circ/it minimi#es distortion and red/ces amplit/de o6 oscillator, t'/s prod/cing damped oscillations linear .a0e s'aping .'en non linear signal is passed in a net.or: .it' linear elements p/nc' t'ro/g' e66ect occ/rs .'en t'e limit o6 common base

0oltage in t'e acti0e region o6 ampli6ier is e=ceeded 6errite t/bes V"- and $"s/ppressor /sed in t'e inp/t and o/tp/t o6 transistori#ed "ampli6ier ant'ropomorp'ic robot mane/0erable electron ballistic st/dies o6 tra7ectories o6 pro7ectiles o6 c'arge particles especially electrons /nder t'e in6l/ence o6 electric and magnetic 6ield E o'ms c'aracteristic impedance o6 Monolit'ic Micro.a0e Integrated Circ/it FMMICG ?IE 4 d( typical noise 6ig/re o6 MMIC persistor a s/percond/cting t'in 6ilm memory element .'ic' consist o6 s/percond/cting ind/ctor in parallel .it' s.itc' elementI Trinary logic logic .'ic' allo. ne/tral state -/##y logic logic .'ic' 0al/es 0aries 6rom totally tr/e t'ro/g' ne/tral to totally 6alse Absorptance ratio o6 radiant energy absorbed by a body to an incident radiant energy (imettalic strip 6or electric ions, t'is is t'e most /se6/l 6or controlling temperat/re !immic: capacitance small capacitance prod/ced .'en

t.isting 1 ins/lated .ires toget'er !rat# recti6ier ? p'ase 6/ll .a0erecti6ier circ/it .'ic' /ses 4 recti6ying element 3-1 o'ms impedance o6 a 0oice coil analog linear c'anges digital discrete c'anges .ord 14 bits do/ble .ord ?1 bits t/nnel diode negati0e resistance region #ener diode constant 0oltage /nder 0arying c/rrent :ilo.att 'o/r recording instr/ment .ire diagram s'o.s 0al/es o6 components carbon negati0e temperat/re coe66icient re0erse reco0ery time time ta:en by t'e diode to operate in t'e re0erse condition 6rom 6or.ard cond/ction direct co/pling less inter6erence trans6ormer co/pling pro0ide impedance matc'ing transcond/ctance ampli6ier 'ig' inp/t impedance, lo. o/tp/t impedance dead space increase in inp/t b/t constant o/tp/t "op:ins disad0antage is t'e need o6 1 identical s'/nt mac'ine

S/rge absorber lo. 0oltage, 'ig' 6re>/ency

E%ECTR&NICS Voltage di0ider - A series circ/it in .'ic' desired position o6 t'e so/rce 0oltage may be tapped o66 6or /se in e>/ipment Magnet .ire common name 6or enamel ins/lated .ire Cable term t'at is /sed in generally /sed and applies to t'e larger si#e o6 cond/ctor Tinning t'e process o6 applying t'in coat o6 solder to materials prior to t'eir being soldered 4 V .or:ing 0oltage o6 paper capacitor rarely e=ceed SSSST E V .'at is t'e .or:ing 0oltage capacity o6 a dry electrolytic capacitor .or:ing 0oltage t'e ma=im/m 0oltage t'at can be steadily applied to t'e capacitor .it'o/t t'e capacitor brea:ing do.n is called SSSSSS o6 t'e capacitorT 4 "# or 3 "# po.er trans6ormer normally operates at SSS alternating c/rrent perception to 1 mA FAC 4 "NG or to 3 mA F<CG S/rprise 1 to 3 mA FAC 4 "NG or 3 to 1E mA F<CG Re6le= action 3 to 11 mA FAC 4 "NG or 1E to K mA F<CG

Masc/lar in'ibition - 11 to 3 mA FAC 4 "NG or K to 14 mA F<CG Respiratory 6ail/re 3 to 1 mA FAC 4 "NG or 14 to ? mA F<CG -atal o0er 1 mA FAC 4 "NG or o0er ? mA F<CG Electric s'oc: re6er to t'e 7arring, s'a:ing sensation yo/ recei0e 6rom contact .it' electricity <isc'arge t'em by s'orting to t'e gro/nd be6ore .or:ing on electrical e>/ipment containing capacitor, .'at s'o/ld yo/ do to t'e capacitorT E4 1 deep .elding, <CRP so/rce E4 11 deep .elding, AC@<C so/rce E4 1? medi/m penetration .elding, AC@<C so/rce Ac s/pply is /sed in atomic 'ydrogen .elding electrodes are long li0ed beca/seT 1 or ? 'o/rs general r/le o6 t'/mb t'e motor loses 1 or ? 'o/rs o6 its /se6/l li6e 6or eac' 'o/r r/n in a 6actored load C&1 s'ortening in MA! gas .elding P/re argon s'ielding /sed in TI! .elding &range, bl/e, gray color band o6 1N?4K diode

9/:a spot .elding robot robot .it' 4 degrees o6 6reedom Solenoid mo0able core Relay 6i=ed core SCARA assembly, ser0oed N a=is, direct motor ne. generation robot, man si#e C'romatic tac'ometer combination o6 .atc' and re0ol/tion co/nter Pro7ection .elding mass prod/ction o6 spot .elding Spot .elding dependent on resistance and 6orged press/re R;1, S;1 in RS -@- not possible abs/rd Trans6ormer, recti6ier and 6ilter may not be incl/ded in po.er s/pply )-ET /s/ally re0ersed bias PN 7/nction 9ismet robot .it' 6acial e=pression Pleo toy dinosa/r robot t'at 'as emotion <irect :inematics calc/lation o6 end e66ector 0al/es, orientation 0elocity and acceleration .it' 7oint 0al/es are :no.n In0erse :inematics 7oint 0al/es are not :no.n -las' .elding application o6 press/re a6ter .elding $pset .elding at 7oints Perc/ssion .elding at arc

"ig' 6re>/ency .elding application o6 rapid 6orce a6ter 'eating "ydro=ide anode NiCad Cadmi/m 'ydro=ide cat'ode NiCad MI! metal inert gas, 6or <C only SMA8 s'ielded metal arc .elding, 6or AC@<C 4 psi ma= tension E4 == Magnetic a/dio tape trac: is parallel .it' edges Magnetic 0ideo tape trac: is diagonal .it t'e edges <C re0erse F<C PG deep penetration <C straig't F<C -G medi/m .eld penetration 8elding inter0al 1I s>/ee#e inter0al 1I .eld inter0al 'eat s/binter0al c/rrent is 6lo.ing cold s/binter0al c/rrent is not 6lo.ing ?I 'old inter0al 3I release inter0al EI standby cons/mable electrode disad0antage o6 MI! o0er CI! TI! non cons/mable t/ngsten 1@? o6 'eat 'eat prod/ce at electrode Cartesian, ant'ropomorp'ic, SCARA /sed in assembly

Strobotac electronic 6las' de0ice t'at meas/res rapid motion, /ses 6e. milliont' o6 a second (arreter type@:ind o6 bolometer t'at increase resistance .'en dissipated po.er increases Nero moment point FNMPG tec'ni>/e algorit'm /sed in "ondaUs ASIM& <ynamic balancing a more ad0ance, rob/st t'an NMP Island o6 a/tomation approac' .'ic' introd/ced 6actory a/tomation tec'nology into man/6act/ring by selecti0e application o6 a/tomation %e0el o6 a/tomation degree o6 .'ic' a mac'ine is a/tomatic Stereo imaging /se o6 1 or more cameras to pinpoint an ob7ect in ? dimensional space <C motor and stepper motor /sed in robotics beca/se can .it'stand large o0erload ? o'ms resistance o6 '/man body at normal condition 1 o'ms resistance o6 '/man body 6rom temple to temple .it' bro:en s:in sel6 'ealing capacitor .'en arcing occ/r bet.een t'e plates o6 t.o oil-6illed capacitor, t'e oil tend to reseal t'e 'ole 6/nction s.itc' m/ltimeter s.itc' at t'e lo.er le6t portion range s.itc' lo.er center portion o6 m/lti meter

amplidyne dc generator /sed as 'ig' gain ampli6ier 1 , gain o6 amplidyne tac'ometer meas/res mec'anical rotation 6re>/ency stroboscope meas/res rotation 6re>/ency o6 recording de0ices and teletype.riter motors elastic nanot/be promising early stage e=perimental tec'nology o6 an act/ator Cincinnati T? /sed in mac'ining process -orge .elding oldest .elding E==1= /sed 6or all position E==1= /sed 6or 6lat and 'ori#ontal s/r6ace@position E==?= /sed 6or 6lat position C'ain is 6ormed o6 lin: FbonesG, act/ator Fm/scleG and 7oint Pie#o motor or /ltrasonic motor alternati0e to dc motor as act/ator Electroacti0e polymer class o6 plastic .'ic' c'ange s'ape in response to electronic stim/lation Robot arm called manip/lator Air m/scle simple yet e66ecti0e and act similar to '/man m/scle -irst generation robot comp/ter po.er Second generation robot some le0el o6 AI %ead pero=ide cat'ode o6 lead acid cell

Cadmi/m 'ydro=ide cat'ode o6 NiCad C&1 6ire e=ting/is'er /sed in electrical 6ire &cc/rrence o6 blo. 'ole dis ad0antage o6 carbon arc -loor mo/nted robot t'e base o6 t'e robot is connected to t'e 6loor &0er'ead .elding position t'e most dangero/s .elding position Ser0o controlled robot robot dri0en by ser0o mec'anism TI! t/ngsten Inert gas Smoot' bead re>/irement in SA8 8a0e generator, 6le=i spline and circ/lar spline component o6 'armonic dri0e "ig' reliability 'armonic dri0ers in robots 4 9g capacity o6 ASEA IRb-4 tactile sensing a type o6 sensing /sed to determine t'e local s'aped, position o6 a mo0ing ob7ect "and disg/ised as a reg/lar gripper b/t .it' t'ree or more 6inger and de=to/s 6inger similar to '/man 'and E=pert system comp/ter system t'at /ses AI Androids '/man robots Roboticist person .or:ing in t'e 6ield o6 robotics Closer to i6 Bc@R is closed to #ero

3E degrees i6 Bc@R is 1 <ot Pitc' image resol/tion can be represented by SSSSSSSI C<Us are not easily damage beca/se N&T"IN! T&$C"ES IT R&M easy to get b/t 'ard to p/t data RAM easy to get and p/t data -las' memory mass storage de0ices t'at pro0ide t'e 6astest access time Non interlaced Monitor animated grap'ics in0ol0ing 6ast motion E4 1 electrode is /sed 6or all position .elding /sing <CRP, it prod/ces a deep penetrating .eld .or:s .ell on dirty, r/sted or painted metal E4 11 electrode 'as t'e same c'aracteristic .it' E4 1 b/t can be /sed .it' AC and <C c/rrents E4 1? can be /sed .it' AC@<CI Prod/ces medi/m penetrating .eld .it' s/perior .eld bead appearance