//

,,l| ,l| | .,
Eng. Salam Hatem Hamad
Email: eng.salamhatem@gmail.com

,,.~,\| ,.~.l| ,|.

,.~l| ~|,>l| ,.~.l| .,l
Global Axis
//

Local Axis:
-Lines Objects -Local Axis.
-Area Objects -Local Axis.
-Lines Objects -Local Axis
-Horizontal Elements (Beams)
Local axis 1 is along the line object. The
positive local 1 axis is in the same direction
as the positive global X-axis or Y-axis,
according to its location in the model.
Local axis 2 is perpendicular to the line
object. The positive local 2 axis s in the
same direction as the positive global Z-axis.
Local axis 3 is perpendicular to the line
object and is horizontal. The direction of the
positive local 3 axis is determined from
applying the right-hand rule using the
directions of the 1 and 2 axis .
//

-Lines Objects -Local Axis

-Vertical Elements (Columns)
Local axis 1 is along the line object. The
positive local 1 axis is in the same direction
as the positive global Z-axis, upward.
Local axis 2 is perpendicular to the line
object. The positive local 2 axis s in the
same direction as the positive global X-
axis.
Local axis 3 is perpendicular to the line
object. The direction of the positive local 3
axis is determined from applying the right-
hand rule using the directions of the 1 and
2 axis.
-Lines Objects -Local Axis
-Other (neither vertical nor
horizontal) Line Objects.
Local axis 1 is along the line object.
The positive local 1 axis has an upward sense. The
projection of the positive local 1 axis onto the global Z-
axis is in the same direction as the positive global Z-
axis, upward.
Local axis 2 is perpendicular to the line
object. The local 1-2 plane is vertical.
The positive local 2 axis has an upward sense. The
projection of the positive local 2 axis onto the global Z-
axis is in the same direction as the positive global Z-
axis, upward.
Local axis 3 is perpendicular to the line
object and is horizontal.
The direction of the positive local 3 axis is determined
from applying the right-hand rule using the directions
of the 1 and 2 axes .
//

-Area Objects -Local Axis.

Slabs
-Local axis 1: locates in the slab
plan and the positive local 1 direction
is in the same direction of the global
X-axis.
Local axis 2: locates in the slab
plan and the positive local 2 direction
is in the same direction of the global
Y-axis.
Local axis 3: The direction of the
positive local 3 axis is determined
from applying the right-hand rule
using the directions of the 1 and 2
axes .
-Area Objects -Local Axis.
Walls
-Local axis 1: The local 1 axis is
always horizontal; that is, it lies in the
X-Y plane
Local axis 2: The local 2 axis is
taken to have an upward (+Z) sense
Local axis 3: The direction of the
positive local 3 axis is determined
from applying the right-hand rule
using the directions of the 1 and 2
axes .