Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi Faculty of Civil Engineering Assignment No.

Steel Products. Hot-rolled steel-shapes and cold form profiles for steel shapes. The graphical representation

Hot-rolled sections
The products of the steel mill that are of interest to the structural engineer can be primarily classified as plate-like products and shapes. Some of the plate-like products are further used to make tubular elements and very thin plates, called sheet and strip, which form the starting point for the production of a great variety of light-gage cold-formed shapes and plates. The most common of these include the many types of corrugated or formed steel deck, commonly used for walls and roofs of some structures. Structural sections, also known as profiles or shapes, differ from solid steel products such as plates, strips, rounds and squares by their function and their strength-to-weight ratios. The main hot-rolled sections and their principal properties and use are discussed below:

a. Universal beams These shapes are very efficient sections for resisting about major axis (X-X) and are mainly recommended for beams and beam-columns.

Y b d X X t (b-d)/4 R slope 14% h h = 80 400 mm b = 42 155 mm l = 6 12 m (fabrication lengths)

Universal beam 1|Page

Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi Faculty of Civil Engineering Assignment No. 1

b. Wide-flange shapes The wide-flange shapes have a depth that is greater than or equal to the flange width and the flange thickness is usually larger than that of the web. These sections are primarily used for beams and columns.

Y tf tw X web bf Y
Wide flange section

flange

c. Channel section The channel is a singly symmetric shape with sloping insides of the flanges. Although preferable for many applications these products are used for beams, bracing members, truss elements and in compound members.

Y d

b R h = 65 300 mm X b = 42 100 mm l = 6 12 m

ey X h

t slope8% (bY d)/2

Channel section 2|Page

Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi Faculty of Civil Engineering Assignment No. 1

d. Angle shapes The angle shapes are among the most common shapes. They may have legs of the same or unequal length. These shapes are used for bracing members, for purlins, rails and for compound sections.

Y v2 V v1 g r1 W U W a r g e U e Y V g v2 v1 g b ey V Y
Angle sections

a = 20 160 mm g = 4 16 mm X l = 4 12 m

X Y

r1 W1 U X W2 a = 80 100 mm b = 65 75 mm g= 8 9 mm

X U ex

l = 4 12 m

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Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi Faculty of Civil Engineering Assignment No. 1 e. Structural tee The tee sections are used for truss members, ties and light beams.

Y a/4 r1 X tr h/2 c a = 30; 40; 50 mm g = 4; 5; 6 mm l= 4 8m Y

Tee section f. Circular, square and rectangular hollow sections (Figure 2.7) are produced from flat plates. The circular section is made first and then this is converted to the square or rectangular shape. The corners of these types of tubes are rounded. The wall thickness is constant throughout the shape, with the exception of the forming process).

a=h

r2

t d t t

D D = 42 194 mm t = 3 20 mm l = 4 12.5 m
Hot rolled tubular sections Tubular sections make very efficient compression members and are used in a wide range of applications as members in lattice girders, in building frames, for purlins, etc.

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Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi Faculty of Civil Engineering Assignment No. 1

Cold-formed sections
Cold forming is used to form thin strip into light section profiles by a series of forming passes in a continuous train of roll sets.

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Technical University Gh. Asachi Iasi Faculty of Civil Engineering Assignment No. 1 Thin steel plates can be formed without heating into a wide range of sections of considerable complexity by cold forming. These products are too thin to be produced by hot-rolling and may be particularly complicated in shape. An advantage of these products is their versatility, since almost any conceivable cross-sectional shape can easily be formed. In addition, cold-working will increase the yield point of the steel, and under certain conditions this may be accounted for in design. This increase comes at the expense of reduced ductility, however. Because of the thinness of the cross-sectional elements, the problem of instability is a particularly important factor in the design of cold-formed structures.

Bibliography: Prof. Nicolae Taranu Dean Fac. Of Civil Engineering Gh Asachi Iasi Steel structures design part 1
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