An Introduction To GeoGebra Day 1

An Introduction To GeoGebra
An Introduction to GeoGebra
Steve Phelps
GeoGebra Institute of Ohio Madeira High School University of Cincinnati sphelps@madeiracityschools.org
Table of Contents
1. How to Get Started with GeoGebra (ONLY READ TH S A!TER A"G"ST #1$$%.................................................& #. GeoGebra '.( (A)*)st #(11%................................................................................................................................. ' &. ntrod)+tion to the GeoGebra'.( nterfa+e........................................................................................................... , '. Gettin* to -now The Gra.hi+s /iew..................................................................................................................... 0 1. Chan*in* How Thin*s Loo23 GeoGebra4s Ob5e+t 6ro.erties ............................................................................7 ,. So8e "sef)l Short+)ts........................................................................................................................................ 1# 0. Al*ebra 1 and Geo8etr9 Thin*s "sin* the Rando8:etween; < Co88and....................................................1& =. Geo8etr9 Thin*s.................................................................................................................................................. '1 7. E>.lorin* Conditional Hide and Show................................................................................................................ 1, 1(. Creatin* C)sto8 Tools...................................................................................................................................... ,# 11. Creatin* D9na8i+ ?or2sheets.......................................................................................................................... ,' 1#. C)sto8i@in* the Toolbar................................................................................................................................... ,, 1&. "sef)l Lin2s and nfor8ation3 Yo)r GeoGebra toAdo List..............................................................................,=
1. How to Get Started with GeoGebra (ONLY READ TH S A!TER A"G"ST #1$$%
If you have not downloaded GeoGebra, open your browser and go to the GeoGebra Website http://www geogebra org
I rarely have any proble!s using the W"#$TA%T on the networ&ed co!puters at !y school, nor in individual wor&shops with participants 'owever, if you are having trouble, let !e &now, and I will supply on off(line installer for you to use
#. GeoGebra '.( (A)*)st #(11%

Gettin* to -now GeoGebra'.(
*et+s begin by getting GeoGebra, - #eta webstarted on your laptop This is a fully functioning version of GeoGebra, scheduled to beco!e the official webstart version in late August .you will then follow the procedure in $ection 1 to get GeoGebra, - started/ $ince it is late in the #eta testing processes, you will be wor&ing with .close/ to the finished product 'owever, a word to the wise: Please note that this version has many unfinished features and that all features are subject to change. GeoGebra files that you create today may not work in future versions. #egin by opening a web browser and going to http://www geogebra org/foru!/ This foru! is where you go to get 0technical support1 or 0custo!er service 1 2ou should spend so!e ti!e reading through the 3oru! threads
$croll down towards the botto! of this page to the En*lish3 GeoGebra '.( :eta 3oru! 4lic& on the 3oru! lin&
2ou want to clic& on the Thread *in& shown below
4lic& on the webstart lin& shown below This will install GeoGebra, - #eta
The only thing you are as&ed to do is to report any bugs on the GeoGebra, - foru! %e!e!ber5 After August 21, you will follow the procedure in $ection 1 to get GeoGebra, started by going to the GeoGebra Website http://www geogebra org, clic&ing on the 6ownload button, then clic&ing on the Webstart button on the ne7t page
&. ntrod)+tion to the GeoGebra'.( nterfa+e

The dyna!ic !athe!atics software GeoGebra provides si7 different views of !athe!atical ob9ects as shown in the figure at right Three of these views : the Graphics ;iew 2, The 4o!puter Algebra ;iew, and the 4onstruction <rotocol : are new to GeoGebra, - In a nutshell, there is a lot of things you can do with GeoGebra, *uc&ily for us, we will primarily use three of these views: a Graphics view, a, numeric Algebra view and a Spreadsheet view. These three views allow you to display !athe!atical ob9ects in three different representations: graphically .e g , points, function graphs/, algebraically .e g , coordinates of points, e=uations/, and nu!erically in spreadsheet cells Thereby, all representations of the sa!e ob9ect are lin&ed dyna!ically and adapt auto!atically to changes !ade to any of the representations, no !atter how they were initially created
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'. Gettin* to -now The Gra.hi+s /iew

B)st DRA?$
The purpose of this first activity is to practice using the Tool #ar and to get co!fortable wor&ing with ob9ects in the Graphics ;iew
1 To begin with, hide the Algebra View There are three ways you can do this: 2ou can go to the ;iew ?enu @ Algebra, or 4trl A $hift A A or 2ou can clic& on the s!all icon in the upper right corner of the Algebra ;iew Window
2 Be7t, show the Coordinate Grid . There are two ways you can do this: 2ou can go to the ;iew ?enu @ Grid, or Bow that the Algebra ;iew is closed, you can clic& on the s!all grid icon in the upper left corner
6LAY$ Draw a .i+t)re with GeoGebra Cse the !ouse and various tools fro! the Tool #ar to draw figures on the drawing pad .e g s=uare, rectangle, house, tree,D/ To access the tools, you !ust clic& on the s!all triangle to open the tools, then select the tool you want to use on!t forget to read the toolbar help if you don!t know how to use a tool.
"hings to try... Try changing the colors and siFes of different ob9ects 4lic& on an ob9ect, then e7plore these !ini(tools <ractice creating a point that lies on and ob9ect
<ractice using the !easuring tools tools
4orrect !ista&es step(by(step using the Undo and Redo buttons located in the upper right corner of the window
$elect any ob9ect and right(clic& .?acG$: 4trl(clic&/ "7plore the !enu that pops up
1. Chan*in* How Thin*s Loo23 GeoGebra4s Ob5e+t 6ro.erties

"very ob9ect that you create in GeoGebra has its own PROPERTIES or attributes .color, thic&ness, labels, algebraic representation/ that can be changed in the PROPERTIES DIALOG window 6o your best to recreate the screen shown below
How to a++ess the Ob5e+t 6ro.erties 2ou have already seen one way to change the ob9ect properties 4lic&ing on the s!all button in the upper right corner of the Graphics ;iew will display an Gb9ect <roperties #ar where you can change how selected ob9ects in the Graphics ;iew loo&
'owever there are fo)r other wa9s that you can access a !ore detailed Gb9ect <roperties 1 %ight(clic& .?acG$: 4trl(clic&/ an ob9ect in either the Algebra ;iew or Graphics ;iew and select Object Propertie OR 2 $elect Object Propertie ! fro! the Edit "en# OR ) <ress Ctrl$E OR , 6ouble(clic& on an ob9ect in the Graphics ;iew and clic& on the Object Propertie button
?hat do the Tabs doC *oo& at $teve+s 4ircle in the i!age on the previous page Cnder the #asic Tab, I have selected the 4ircle with the na!e a and the caption Steve's Circle Botice the circle co!!and in the definition line
Cnder the 4olor Tab, these are the available colors for any ob9ects created in GeoGebra Botice the history of colors used in this file
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Cnder the $tyle Tab, notice how the 3illing is set to 28JK 2ou should e7plore the *ine $tyle pull(down !enu and the 3illing ?enu, as well as the Inverse 3illing chec& bo7 It+s o& you will not hurt anything5
Cnder the Algebra Tab, the e=uation for! can be selected These are the tabs that you will use !ost often We will e7plore the Advanced Tab, ti!e per!itting Anyone who would li&e to e7plore the $cripting Tab, I can help you individually "hings to try... $elect different ob9ects fro! the list on the left hand side and e7plore the available properties tabs for different types of ob9ects $elect several ob9ects in order to change a certain property for all of the! at the sa!e ti!e 'old the Ctrl(&ey .?acG$: Ctrl(clic&/ pressed and select all desired ob9ects $elect all ob9ects of one type by clic&ing on the corresponding heading $how the value of different ob9ects and try out different label styles 4hange the properties of certain ob9ects .e g color, style,D/
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,. So8e "sef)l Short+)ts

There are a handful of things you will do over and over in GeoGebra Theses things are so co!!on, that there are &eyboard shortcuts to !a&e doing this things easier 'ere is a short list of useful shortcuts To ?ove the Graphics ;iew, hold down the shift &ey, then clic& and hold and drag your !ouse To Loo! in or out, you can scroll the scroll wheel on your !ouse This is ctrl A/: on a laptop 2ou can also right(clic&, hold, and drag a selection bo7 in the graphics view 2ou will Foo! in onto this bo7 To Cndo so!ething you have done, you can press the &ey co!bination 4trl(F Gften ti!es, you will need to enter <i in the Input *ine or in so!e other dialogue line 2ou can enter <i by the &ey co!bination Alt(p 2ou can also 9ust type the word 0pi 1 *i&ewise, to enter a 6egree sy!bol, use the &ey co!bination Alt(o If you want to show the 4oordinate Grid or the 4oordinate A7es, you can ;iew ?enu @ Grid, A7es 2ou can also use these Icon $hortcuts in the upper left corner of the graphics view 2ou can also display the Algebra ;iew, the $preadsheet or the 4A$ ;iew under the ;iew ?enu 2ou can also use the &ey co!binations ctrlAshiftAA, ctrlAshiftA$, ctrlAshiftAM, respectively / To change the scale on any a7is, si!ply !over your !ouse over the a7is until the cursor changes into an arrow 'old the shift &ey down, then clic& and hold and drag on the a7is $o!eti!es, you !ay need to =uic&ly access the lower(case Gree& letters, which are used as default for angles AltAA N AltA# AltA6 AltA3 AltAG AltA? O P Q R S
To enter powers =uic&ly, use the Alt &ey AltA2 is 0to the second power 1 AltA> is 0to the > th power 1 These are 9ust a few of the &eyboard shortcuts Gther &eyboard shortcuts can be found on the GeoGebra Wi&i at http://wi&i geogebra org/en/MeyboardT$hortcuts
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0. Al*ebra 1 and Geo8etr9 Thin*s "sin* the Rando8:etween; < Co88and.

Gver the ne7t few pages, you will use one of the !ore powerful GeoGebra 4o!!ands to create wor&sheets that create rando! proble!s for your students to use The %ando!#etweenU V co!!and will create a rando! integer between any two integers of your choosing This rando! integer !ight be a coordinate in an ordered pair, or the slope in the e=uation of a line, or the length of a seg!ent in a triangle The following short e7a!ple will illustrate this
Creatin* a Rando8 6oint

1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew .;iew ?enu @ Algebra/ and the Graphics ;iew .;iew ?enu @ Graphics/ $how the 4oordinate A7es and the Grid
2 In the Input *ine, enter a = RandomBetween[ -5 , 5 ] ) In the Input *ine, enter b = RandomBetween[ -5 , 5 ] , In the Input *ine, enter A = ( a , b ) %epeatedly press 4trlA% over and over 8 2ou could have also 9ust entered ( RandomBetween[ -5 , 5 ] , RandomBetween[ -5 , 5 ] ) Thin*s to Tr9... 4reate another rando! point in the Graphics ;iew Cse this point and <oint A to create a rando! seg!ent 4reate another rando! point in the Graphics ;iew Cse this point and <oint A to create a rando! line 4reate two !ore rando! points in the Graphics ;iew Cse these two points and <oint A to create a rando! triangle
$top and discuss what you !ight be able to do with these things #e sure to save the! so!ewhere so you can enhance the! as you learn !ore5
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Creatin* A Rando8 Line

1 In the Input *ine, type in the following, one at a ti!e, pressing "nter after each m = RandomBetween[-2,2] b = RandomBetween[-5,5] = m ! " b .note space between ! and 7 2ou can also use the W to denote !ultiplication / 2 <ress 4trl(% or 3I to update line
Thin*s to tr9... Cse the RandomBetween[ !a&e a rando! parabola Cse the RandomBetween[ Cse the RandomBetween[ Cse the RandomBetween[
] co!!and to !a&e three para!eters that can be used to ] co!!and to !a&e a rando! syste! of linear e=uations ] co!!and to !a&e a rando! =uadrilateral ] co!!and to !a&e a rando! circle
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Enhan+in* the Rando8 Line

We are going to ta&e this rando! line and create a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet that students could use to practice finding the e=uation of a line #egin by hiding the Algebra ;iew .;iew ?enu @ Algebra/ and showing the Grid .;iew ?enu @ Grid/ 1 Go to the Gb9ect <roperties of the line, hide the na!e of the line, and !a&e the line thic&er with a brighter color .but not too bright/
2 We need to create a Te7t #o7 to show the e=uation of the line To do this, activate the Insert Te7t Tool, and clic& anywhere in an open space in the Graphics ;iew ) In the Te7t ?enu that appears, clic& on the Gb9ect ?enu, and select a, which is the na!e of the line 4lic& GM , %epeatedly press 4T%*A% to create a new rando! line Botice that the e=uation of the line is dyna!ic, and changes, too 8 Gf course, this would not be a very good activity for our students if they could 9ust $"" the e=uation We need to create a 4hec& #o7 that students can clic& on to $how and 'ide the answer #egin by activating the 4hec& #o7 Tool, and clic&ing in an open space in the Graphics ;iew
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> In the 4hec& #o7 window that appears, give your 4hec& #o7 a na!e .4aption/, and select the ob9ects you want to be controlled by the 4hec& #o7 by either clic&ing on the ob9ects in the Graphics ;iew, or by using the <ull(down !enu to select the ob9ect <lay with your rando! line and the chec& bo75
E In anticipation of creating our 6yna!ic Wor&sheet, reduce the siFe of your window, !ove the chec& bo7 and te7t close together, and !a&e sure you CB4'"4M the chec& bo7
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Creatin* a D9na8i+ ?or2sheet

A 6yna!ic Wor&sheet is a webpage with a GeoGebra Applet that students interact with 2ou need to do nothing special 4reating this webpage is as easy as saving your GeoGebra file 1 To create a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet, go to the 3ile ?enu @ "7port @ 6yna!ic Wor&sheet as Webpage A window li&e the one below will appear 2 After you have filled in the Title, Author .2GC/, and any te7t or instructions you would li&e to appear on the webpage, clic& on the Advanced Tab
) $ave the file so!ewhere where you will find it easily5
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, The finished product Cpload this file to your teacher webpage, wi&i, or blog
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Creatin* a Tar*et 6ra+ti+e Ga8e

'ere is a very si!ple practice wor&sheet in which students can practice writing the e=uations of lines and receive visual feedbac& as to the correctness of their answers 1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window 'id the Algebra ;iew, $how the Graphics ;eiw, and $how the $preadsheet ;iew 2ou will only need 4olu!n A to show in the spreadsheet 2ou should !a&e 4olu!n A wider
2 4reate two rando! points A and % ?a&e the points large .but not too large/ and brightly colored .but not too brightly colored/ ) Cse the $preadsheet as your Input *ine , 6elete the lines by clic&ing on the colu!n header and pressing 6elete <ress 4trlA% to create two new points
8 "7port this file to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet with the sa!e settings as before
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Creatin* a Rando8 Cir+le

This applet can be used by students to practice writing the e=uation of a circle The circle is created using the %ando!#etween co!!and 1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra Window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew 'ide the $preadsheet ;iew if it is open $how the 4oordinate A7es and the Grid 2 4reate two rando! points A and % <oint A will be the center of our rando! circle <oint % will be the radius point of our circle ) Cse the 4ircle with 4enter through <oint Tool to construct your circle Activate the tool, then clic& on point A, then on point %. .you could also type in the co!!and Circle[A,B] / #y default, the circle will be labeled c , %epeatedly press 4trlA% to generate a new circle 8 $i!ilar to what we did when we created the %ando! *ine, we want to create a Te7t #o7 that will show the e=uation of the circle Activate the Te7t Tool and clic& on an open space in the Graphics ;iew
> In the Gb9ects ?enu, select c, which is the label of the circle 4lic& GM
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E Activate the 4hec& #o7 to $how/'ide Gb9ects Tool 4lic& in an open space to use the tool
H Give your 4hec& #o7 a na!e that will describe its function 4lic& on the e=uation of the circle in the Graphics ;iew .you clic& on the ob9ects you want controlled by the 4hec& #o7/
I 'ide the Algebra ;iew, Cn(chec& the chec& bo7, and "7port this to 6yna!ic Wor&sheet using the sa!e settings as before #e certain to enhance the colors of your applet before you e7port
Thin*s to Tr9... ?odify this to turn it into an A%"A practice applet or a 4I%4C?3"%"B4" practice applet Cse the $preadsheet ;iew as before to create a target practice applet in which your students are given the center of the circle and the point on the circle
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Creatin* a Rando8 6arabola

*et+s use the %ando!#etweenUV co!!and to create a rando!ly generated parabola We will be able to use this parabola to practice writing the e=uation in verte7 for! 1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew 2 4reate a rando! point A = (RandomBetween[-#,#],RandomBetween[-#,#]) This point will be the verte7 of our parabola <ress 4trlA% repeatedly to chec& the behavior of the point ) In the Input *ine, enter $(!) = ( ! % !(A) )2 " (A) Csing !(A) and (A) lets you use the coordinates of point A in your e=uation %epeatedly press 4trlA% to chec& the behavior of the point Cnfortunately, this parabola only opens upwards To !a&e the the parabola open downwards, we need to rando!ly generate A1 and (1 , In the input line, enter n = RandomBetween[ & , ' ] 8 In the input line, enter a = ($[ n == ' , ' , -' ] %epeatedly press 4trlA% and observe the values of a and n in the Algebra ;iew > 6ouble(clic& on the 3unction in the Algebra ;iew .or on the graph in the Graphics ;iew/
E "dit the function by inserting a ) in the e=uation %epeatedly press 4trlA% and observe the behavior of the parabola
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We now need to enhance our file so &ids can use it *ets set this up so &ids can type in e=uations and have a record of the e=uation they have tried H Access the Gb9ect <roperties, and hide the labels for the point and the parabola ?a&e the ;erte7 <oint *A%G" and colorful ?a&e the <arabola TH C- and lightly colored as if it were colored with a highlighter .orange or blue/
I 'ide the Algebra ;iew and $how the $preadsheet ;iew Ad9ust the siFe so only the first colu!n is visible Ad9ust the width of the first colu!n so it is wide 1- $tudents can now enter their e=uations one at a ti!e in the cells of the spreadsheet It is easy to tell when their e=uation !atches the parabola
11 In anticipation of creating a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet, re(siFe your window 6elete all the e=uations in the spreadsheet
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12 "7port your file to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet using the following setting under the A6;AB4"6 TA#
1) 2our applet should be ready to go5
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Rando8 6arabola 6ra+ti+e D Transfor8in* !)n+tions

*et+s !odify the previous GeoGebra file do that students can practice using 3CB4TIGB BGTATIGB to write e=uations of transfor!ed functions 1 Meep your file fro! the previous activity $ave it with a different na!e 2 In the Input *ine, enter the parent function *(!) = !2 ) Access the Gb9ect <roperties of this function Cnder the #A$I4 TA#, enter the 4aption <arent 3unction p.7/ $eclect 4aption under the pull(down !enu 4hec& the 3i7 Gb9ect bo7
, Cnder the $T2*" TA#, !a&e the parabola dashed or dotted 8 $tudents can use 3unction Botation to write their e=uations
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Creatin* a !a+torin* 6ra+ti+e A..let

"very student in Algebra 1 will need to practice factoring =uadratics at so!e ti!e or another The following steps will wal& you through how to create your own 03actoring <ractice1 applet Gur strategy will be as follows: We will create two rando! integers, a and b We will use these rando! integers in the product .& $ a/.& $ b/ X &2 A .a $ b/& A ab 1 #egin by opening a new window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew 'ide the coordinate a7is and the coordinate grid 2 4reate two rando! integers by entering the following in the input line: a = RandomBetween[-'&,'&] b = RandomBetween[-'&,'&] ) "nter c = a " b and d = a)b , "nter $(!)=(!"a)(!"b) , then hide the graph 8 "nter +(!) = !,2 " c ! " d , then hide the graph Botice the space between c and !
> Insert a Te7t #o7 by activating the Insert Te7t Tool
E Type in 3actor: then select Gb9ect g
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H 4reate another Te7t #o7, this ti!e, selecting only ob9ect f
I We will need to insert a 4hec& #o7 to show and hide our answer Activate the 4hec& #o7 Tool 1- Give your chec& bo7 a caption .so!ething li&e 04hec& Answer1/ and clic& on the ob9ects in the Graphics ;iew that you want to be controlled by the 4hec& #o7
11 'ide the Algebra ;iew Cnder the Gptions ?enu @ 3ont $iFe select a font siFe of 2- Arrange the te7t bo7es and the chec& bo7 close to each other in the upper left of the Graphics Window, then re(siFe your window
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12 Cn(chec& the 4hec& #o7 so your answer is hidden "7port this file to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet Type instructions in the bo7 that will appear above the applet
1) 4lic& on the Advanced Tab The only thing you should chec& on this page is the $how Icon to %eset 4onstruction
1, $ave the resulting ht!l file so!ewhere where you can find it easily This file is what you would upload to your teacher webpage or wi&i
Thin*s to Tr9... ?odify this so the leading coefficient is not 1 ?odify this so it is a 3actoring a 6ifference of Two $=uares practice, or a 3actoring a <erfect $=uare Trino!ial <ractice ?odify this so it is 3actoring a 6ifference off Two 4ubes practice
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Creatin* a !a+torin* A..let3 A Different ?a9

1 Gpen a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew 'ide the coodinate a7es 2 4reate two rando! integers a and b as before ) 4reate the function $(!) = (!"a)(!"b), and hide the graph as before , 4reate the function +(!) = sim*li$ [ $(!) ], and hide the graph as before 8 4ontinue as before fro! $tep >
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SolEin* a S9ste8s 6ra+ti+e

*ets wal& through how to create an applet that will allow your students to practice solving a syste! of e=uations and to chec& their answers 1 #egin with a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew $how the 4oordinate A7es and the Grid 'ide the $preadsheet ;iew if it is open 2 4reate four rando! points using ( RandomBetween[--,-] , RandomBetween[5,5] ) #y default, these points will be labeled A' %' C' and D ) Cse the *ine Tool to construct the line through A and %' and the line through C and D , Cse the Intersection <oint Tool to construct the intersection of these two lines #y default, the point will be labeled E 8 Access the Gb9ect <roperties $elect the *ines 4lic& on the Algebra Tab $elect a 7 A b y X c fro! the "=uation !enu
What we want to do ne7t is to insert a Te7t #o7 that displays the syste! of e=uations that the students should solve After that, we will create a te7t bo7 that will display the solutions .the coordinates of point E/ of the syste! as an ordered pair written as fractions > Activate the Insert Te7t Tool 4o!plete the Te7t Te!plate as shown %epeatedly press 4trlA% and chec& the behavior of the te7t
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Bow we have created the pro!pt for the students Be7t we need to create the solution displayed as a fraction
E In the input line, enter !. = /raction0e!t[ !(.) ] This will create a fraction for the 7(coordinate of point ., and it will be na!ed !. so we can find it easily later H In the input line, enter . = /raction0e!t[ I 'ide these two te7t bo7es We &now their na!es so we do not need to see the! 1- Activate the Insert Te7t Tool In the Te7t Te!plate, chec& the *aTe7 for!ula bo7 Gpen up the *aTe7 pull( down !enu $elect #rac&ets and choose the parentheses 11 ?a&e sure the cursor is 0in between1 the left and right parentheses (.) ]
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12 $elect !. and . fro! the Gb9ect pull(down !enu %e!e!ber to place a co!!a in between
1) 'ide all the ob9ects in the Graphics ;iew 'ide the A7es 'ide the Grid 'ide the Algebra ;iew 1, 4reate a 'ide/$how 4hec&bo7 that will hide or show the answer 18 %e(siFe your window as you did in the 3actoring Applet 1> #efore you "7port this to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet, un(chec& the 4hec& Answer chec&bo7 Give the appropriate instructions Cnder the Advanced Tab, only choose to show the %eset Icon
Thin*s to Tr9... ?a&e an applet for a =uadratic syste!
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Creatin* a Table of /al)es

Gften it is useful to create a table of value for a given function In GeoGebra, this can be done in a couple of different ways 1 #egin with a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew, the Graphics ;iew, and the $preadsheet ;iew 2 Graph the e=uation = 2! "'
) In the $preadsheet, enter & in cell A' and enter ' in cell A2 'ighlight both cells, and drag the s!all blue bo7 down to fill colu!n A to cell A-1
, In cell B', enter 2 ) A' " ' 'ighlight the cell, and fill down to cell B8 4hange the values in cells A' and/or A2 to change the table
> %epeat the above steps to create a function table by starting with the 3CB4TIGB $(!) = -#! " 21 Csing function notation will allow you to use the function notation in the table E In step ,, enter $( A' ) in cell B' 3ill this down
Thin*s to Tr9... 4reate a function table for a =uadratic function 4reate a table of values that co!pares two different functions
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Tra+in* to a S.readsheet
It is often ti!es desirable to place a point a graph and have the coordinates of the point traced to a spreadsheet 1 #egin by open a new GeoGebra window, showing the Algebra ;iew, the Graphics ;iew and the $preadsheet ;iew 2 Graph the line = 2! % '1 #y default, this line will be na!ed a1
) Cse the <oint Tool to place a point on the line #y default, it will be na!ed A, and should be a light blue color , Access the point+s Gb9ect <roperties 4lic& on the A*G"#%A Tab 4hange the Incre!ent to - 28 This !eans that as you use the arrow &eys on your &eyboard to !ove the point, it will !ove in such a way that the 7( coodinate will change by - 28 units 8 %ight(clic& on point A, and select Trace to $preadsheet in the !enu There is nothing you should need to do in the Trace to $preadsheet window that pops up Botice the changes to the $preadsheet header > 4lic& on point A and use the arrow &eys on your &eyboard to !ove A along the line Thin*s to Tr9... Try tracing a point on a parabola Try tracing a point on a circle <lay around with the Trace to $preadsheet !enu *et !e &now what you find5
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Chan*in* 6ara8eters "sin* Sliders

Creatin* Sliders Gne of the beautiful things about GeoGebra is the ease with which you can create a slider Another beautiful thing about GeoGebra is that any co!!and that ta&es a nu!ber as an input .for e7a!ple: Circle[*oint, radi2s] or 3ol +on[*oint, *oint, n2mber o$ sides] /can be controlled by a slider There are two ways to create a slider: 1 #egin by activating the $lider Tool To use the tool, clic& anywhere is an open space in the graphics view In the window that appears, give your slider a na!e .no spaces/ If you are using the slider to control a rotations, select the Angle button 6eter!ine the interval for your slider Cnder the $*I6"% tab, you can control the siFe of the slider 2 Another way to create a slider is by entering the na!e of the slider in the Input *ine and pressing "nter The slider will appear in the Algebra ;iew 4lic& on the s!all e!pty circle to un(hide the slider Gnce you have created the slider, e7plore its ob9ect properties Thin*s to Tr9... 4reate a slider n then enter each of these in the input line: Circle[(',2) , n] 3ol +on[(&,&), (',-'), n] 0a lor3ol nomial[ sin(!), ', n] ( n , n2 )1 0race t4e *oint5
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6ara8eters of a Linear EF)ation

2ou have already created a file that produces a line with a rando! slope and a rando! y( intercept, enhanced the file by adding color, a te7t bo7, and a chec& bo7, then created a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet for your students to practice We will now create a file that can be used for the IB$T%C4TIGB of writing e=uations of lines #egin by opening a new GeoGebra file $howi the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew $how the Grid and the A7es in the Graphics ;iew 1 4reate sliders m and b 2 In the Input *ine, enter line6 = m ) ! " b
6rag the sliders and observe the changes in the graph of the line Enhan+in* the Constr)+tion ) 4reate the intersection point of the line and the y(a7is by activiating the intersection point tool, then clic&ing on the line and the y(a7is 2ou can use the co!!and (ntersect[line, A!is] #y default, this will be na!ed A , 4onstruct a point at the origin #y default, this will be na!ed # 8 4onstruct a seg!ent fro! A to # Cse the seg!ent+s Gb9ect <roperties to !a&e the seg!ents thic&er, !ore colorful, and to have only its ;A*C" show as it label > Cse the $lope Tool to show the slope triangle for the line E 'ide any unwanted points or unnecessary ob9ects H Add a Te7t #o7 that will show the e=uation of the line
Thin*s to Tr9... $o!e fol&s do not li&e the slope triangle Try to construct your own5 "7port this file to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet Go bac& to $tep Y2 and enter line6 $(!) = m ) ! " b1 Then open up the $peadsheet ;iew and create a list of function values %ight(clic& on a slider, and select Ani!ation Gn
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E>.lorin* 6ara8eters of a G)adrati+ 6ol9no8ial "sin* Sliders

*et+s e7pand on the linear and construct $(!) = a !,2 A b 7 A c by using sliders to !odify the para!eter values #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window, showing the Algebra ;iew and Graphics ;iew, and showing the A7es and Grid
1 4reate three sliders, a, b, and c 2 In the Input *ine, enter $(!) = a !,2 " b ! " c .re!e!ber to leave spaces or use the W sy!bol for !ultiplication/ ) 4reate a Te7t #o7 that shows the e=uation of the parabola 6rag the sliders and observe what happens "nhance your construction as you see fit
Thin*s to tr9... 4onstruct the verte7 of the polyno!ial so it !oves with the parabola "nter .!trem2m[ $ ] in the input line What does it doK "nter Root[ $ ] in the input line What does it doK "nter 0an+ent[ $ , ( ' , $(') ) ] in the input line What does it doK "nter 7erivative[ $ ] in the input line, and drag the sliders "nter (nte+ral[ $ ] in the input line, and drag the sliders 4hange the setting on your sliders as shown in the picture "nter /actor[$] in the Input *ine and drag the sliders What do you thin&K "7port this as a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet
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Gra.hin* a 6ol9no8ial "sin* Roots

It !ay be useful to graph a polyno!ial using it roots Gpen a new window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew $how the coordinate a7es 1 Cse the point tool to place three points on the 7(a7is #y default, these points will be labeled A, %, and C
2 In the input line, enter $(!) = ( ! % !(A) ) ( ! % !(B) ) ( ! % !(C) )
) 2ou !ay need to change the scale of the y(a7is by clic&ing, holding, and dragging the y(a7is until you can see the entire graph
Thin*s to Tr9... "nhance your construction by adding color, line thic&ness, and a te7t bo7 that displays the function e=uation Try the co!!and .!*and[ $(!) ] and display the result in a te7t bo7 in the Graphics ;iew 4reate a =uartic with four roots 4reate a =uadratic using roots, and construct the line of sy!!etry Try so!e of these co!!ands: .!trem2m[$(!)] and (n$lection3oint[$(!)]
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The SeF)en+e Co88and

If the Algebra ;iew is not open, open it by ;iew ?enu @ Algebra 1 Type each of these co!!ands one at a ti!e in the Input *ine, pressing "nter after each #" 4A%"3C* T2<IBG T'I$" IB5 *GGM GCT 3G% 4G??A$5 $tudy carefully what is happening5 Se82ence[2n " ', n, ', '&] Se82ence[(a, a2), a, ', '&] Se82ence[Se82ence[(i,9),9,',i],i,','&]
2 *et+s create a *i!aZon Type each of these co!!ands one at a ti!e in the Input *ine, pressing "nter after each A=(2, &) Se82ence[Circle[( sin(i), cos(i) ), A], i, &, 2:, &1']
) ?ove A to .1, -/ for a cardioid Thin*s to tr9... <lay around with these se=uences by !a&ing changes to the nu!bers Se82ence[ 3ol +on[ (&,&) , ( ',&) , n ] , n , # , '& ] Se82ence[ Circle[ (&,&) , r ] , r , ' , 5 , &125] Se82ence[ 0a lor3ol nomial[ sin(!) , *i , n ] , n , ' , 5 ] Se82ence[ 7erivative[ ! " !; " !< " ! " ' , n ] , n , ' , = ] Se82ence[!< " c, c, -5, 5, &15] Se82ence[!< " c !, c, -5, 5, &15] Se82ence[c !< - ', c, -5, 5, &15] ,1
Librar9 of Al*ebrai+ !)n+tions

Apart fro! polyno!ials there are different types of functions available in GeoGebra .e g trigono!etric functions, absolute value function, e7ponential function/ 3unctions are treated as ob9ects and can be used in co!bination with geo!etric constructions To access the list of function, clic& on the list icon in the lower left corner of the window 2ou can clic& on the individual function you wish to use, you you can 9ust type it in yourself To close the function window, 9ust clic& on the list icon again
E>+)rsion into 6h9si+s3 S).er.osition of Sine ?aEes $ound waves can be !athe!atically represented as a co!bination of sine waves "very !usical tone is co!posed of several sine waves of for! ( ( t )=asin ( t + ) The a!plitude a influences the volu!e of the tone while the angular fre=uency [ deter!ines the pitch of the tone The para!eter Q is called phase and indicates if the sound wave is shifted in ti!e If two sine waves interfere, superposition occurs This !eans that the sine waves a!plify or di!inish each other We can si!ulate this pheno!enon with GeoGebra in order to e7a!ine special cases that also occur in nature The lower case Gree& *etters and other special sy!bols can be found in the Input *ine when you begin to type To insert a subscript, use an underscore
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Gra.hin* Tri* !)n+tions

Gpen a new widow, show the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew 1 2 ) , #egin by creating three sliders: a_1, >?', and @?' "nter the sine function: +(!)= a?' sin(>?' ! " @?') 4reate three !ore sliders: a_1, >?', and @?' "nter another sine function: 4(!)= a?2 sin(>?2 ! " @?2) 8 4reate the su! of both functions: s2m(!) = +(!) " 4(!) Be7t, we want to change the a7es so they wor& better with Trig 3unctions %ight(clic& in on open space, and in the !enu that appears, select Graphics In the Graphics <roperties, clic& on the 7A7is Tab, then in the 6istance pull(down !enu, select \/2 This is a G%"AT ti!e to e7plore this window5
Thin*s to Tr9H Add a te7t bo7 that displays the two sine graph e=uations as well as their su! "7a!ine the i!pact of the para!eters on the graph of the sine functions by changing the values of the sliders $et a) X 1, [1 X 1, and Q1 X - 3or which values of a*, [2, and Q2 does the su! have !a7i!al a!plitudeK 3or which values of a*, [2, and Q2 do the two functions cancel each otherK
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SolEin* EF)ations with CAS

A 4o!puter Algebra $yste! .4A$/ can be a powerful way for students to learn how to solve e=uations 1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window $how the 4A$ ;iew be ;iew ?enu @ 4A$ This view will open in a new window Type in your favorite linear e=uation in one variable, and clic& on the e=ual button
2 "nter the left parentheses in *ine 2 .both right and left parentheses will appear/, then clic& on the e=uation you entered in *ine 1 This will insert the e=uation into *ine 2 inside the parentheses ) <erfor! the operation, clic&ing on the e=ual button
, 4ontinue step(by(step until you reach a solution
Thin*s to Tr9... What are so!e of the co!!on !ista&es students !a&e when solving e=uationK 'ow can 4A$ help students to see the error of their waysK "7plore solving other e=uations, or so!e of the other tools
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=. Geo8etr9 Thin*s
6lottin* a Gra.h of Two /ariables
*et+s construct an e=uilateral triangle and plot a graph of the area vs the side length 1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew, the Graphic ;iew, and the G%A<'I4$ 2 ;I"W $et the *abeling Gptions to B"W <GIBT$ GB*2 $how the 4oordinate A7es in Graphics ;iew 1 'ide the 4oordinate A7es and Grid in Graphics ;iew 2
2 4lic& in the Graphics 2 ;iew Cse the <oint Tool to construct two points #y default, they will be labeled A and %. ) Activate the %egular <olygon Tool 4lic& on points A and % "nter the nu!ber of sides in the window that pops up
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, In the Algebra ;iew, the sides of the e=uilateral triangle as displayed as a, b, and c The area of the triangle is displayed as *ol ' 8 4lic& in the Graphics 1 Window *oo& for the <"B4I* icon to be displayed in header of the window
> In the Input *ine, enter 3 = ( c , *ol ' ) E %ight(clic& on point P in the Graphics 1 Window, and select T%A4" GB fro! the conte7t !enu
H 4lic& on <oint A or % in the Graphics 2 Window, and use the !ouse or the arrow &eys to !ove one of these points around your screen I 4lic& in the Graphics 1 Window In the Input *ine, enter Area(!) = &125 s8rt(#) !<
Thin*s to Tr9... Add a slider n in Graphics ;iew 1 Graph the e=uation Area(!) = n s8rt(#) !<1 Cse the slider to help you !atch the graph "7plore Area v $ide *ength graphs for other regular polygons $how the $preadsheet ;iew and generate so!e Area.7/ values "7port this to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet
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Chan*in* the Ste.s in a Constr)+tion3 The Constr)+tion 6roto+ol.

*ets construct a rectangle, and then e7plore how we !ight be able to change the order of the steps in the construction using so!ething called The 4onstruction <rotocol 1 Gpen up a new window, hiding the Algebra ;iew, the 4oordinate A7es, and the Grid $et *abeling options to All Bew Gb9ects 2ou can do this under the Gptions ?enu ?a&e sure <oint 4apturing is set to Auto!atic 2 Cse the $eg!ent tool to construct a seg!ent #y default, the endpoints will be A and #, and the seg!ent label will be a ) Cse the <erpendicular *ine Tool to construct a perpendicular to the seg!ent A# at point # 2ou could also use the co!!and 3er*endic2larAine[ B , a ] #y default, this line will be na!ed b , 4onstruct a <erpendicular line to seg!ent A# through point A This line will be na!ed c 8 <lace a point on line b 2ou could use the tool, but try the co!!and C=3oint[b] > 4onstruct a line perpendicular to line b through point 4 This line will be na!ed d E 4onstruct the intersection point of lines c and d 2ou can use the intersection point tool by clic&ing on the two ob9ects that intersect, or you can use the co!!and (ntersect[ c, d ] This point will be na!ed 6 H 'ide lines b, c, and d 4onstruct the sides of the rectangle using the seg!ent tool I $how the 4onstruction <rotocol by ;iew ?enu @ 4onstruction <rotocol 2ou can play through your construction step(by(step Try to clic& on a step and drag it to another spot in the list, then play through the construction again
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1- %ight(clic& on one of the colu!n na!es in the table 4lic& on 4aption and clic& on #rea&point The #rea&points will allow you to 0Group1 steps of a construction to be shown all at one ti!e 11 As shown below left, I have selected three brea&points, therefore, !y construction will only have three steps $teps 1() will be perfor!ed together, as will steps ,(H and steps I(11 #efore this happens, I need to right(clic& on one of the colu!n headers, and select $how Gnly #rea&points .below right/
Thin*s to tr9... Try creating a construction of an e=uilateral triangle and changing the order of the steps Try creating a construction of a s=uare and changing the order of the steps Thin& of how you could use this with students
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6ol9*ons and 6i
#egin by turning off the labeling Go to Gptions ?enu @ *abeling @ Bo Bew Gb9ects 1 4reate point A=(&,&) and point B=(',&) 2 6raw a circle 4ircle Tool with center A and radius point # or by using the co!!and Circle[ A, B ]1 2ou !ay want to ad9ust your a7is scale by Foo!ing in ) Cse the $lider Tool to create a slider n with incre!ent 1 Activate the tool, clic& in an open space, then !odify the slider !enu as shown
, %otate # about A by angle )>-]/n 2ou can use the %otate Tool, or you can type in the co!!and Rotate[B, #-&BCn, A] into the Input #ar %e!e!ber AltAo 8 Cse the %egular <olygon Tool to create a %egular <olygon with with n sides using points # and #+, or you can enter the co!!and 3ol +on[B,B',n] > Cse the Te7t Tool by clic&ing in an open space and typing in D Area o$ 3ol +on = E then selecting *ol ' on the Gb9ects !enu E 4hange the rounding by Gptions ?enu @ %ounding @ 1- deci!al places Thin*s to Tr9... "7port this to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet
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Transfor8ation b9 Iatri+es
If the $preadsheet ;iew is not open, open it by ;iew ?enu @ $preadsheet ;iew $et the labeling properties to label Bew <oints Gnly Gb9ect ?enu @ *abeling @ Bew <oints Gnly 1 Type the following into the Input *ine one at a ti!e: A=(',&) A2= (A) B=(&,') B'=!(B) A'=!(A) B2= (B)
2 $elect cells A1, A2, #1, #2 %ight clic& in one of the cells, then select 4reate ?atri7 ) Cse the <olygon Tool to draw a Triangle 46" , Type the following into the Input *ine one at a ti!e C' = matri!' C 7' = matri!' 7 .' = matri!' . 3ol +on[C', 7', .'] 3ol +on[ (&,&), A, A " B, B]
#e certain to drag points A and # around and observe the changes
Thin*s to Tr9... GeoGebra will operate on ?atrices 4reate another !atri7 and e7plore which operations you can perfor!
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Transfor8ations "sin* 8a*es

nsertin* an 8a*e in GeoGebra With GeoGebra, users have had the ability to insert i!ages into the Graphics ;iew for !any years In order to insert an i!age, be certain you have an i!age saved on your co!puter to use I find students li&e to see !y picture distorted5 To insert an i!age, begin by activating the Insert I!age Tool 4lic& in on open space in the Graphics ;iew This will set the lower left corner .corner 1/ of your i!age When you insert an i!age, the corners are nu!bered countercloc&wise beginning with the lower left corner #y attaching the corners to 3ree <oints in the Graphics ;iew, you can easily distort the i!age as shown below 2ou can do this by going to the position tab in the I!age Gb9ect <roperties %ight( clic& on the i!age to go to the Gb9ect <roperties
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Resi@in*J Refle+tin*J and Distortin* a 6i+t)re

In this activity you will to learn how to resiFe an inserted picture to a certain siFe and how to apply transfor!ations to the picture in GeoGebra 1 #egin by finding a picture online and saving it so!ewhere where you can easily find it 2 Gpen a new GeoGebra window and hide the Algebra ;iew ) Insert the picture using the Insert <icture Tool , <lace a point A so!ewhere in the Graphics ;iew $et this as 4G%B"% 1 of your i!age 8 In the Input *ine, type in B = A " (#, &)1 This will create point # ) units to the right of point A $et point # 4orner 2
> Cse the *ine Tool to construct a line E Cse the %eflect Gb9ect about *ine tool to reflect the i!age across the line .4lic& on the i!age, then the line/
H Access the Gb9ect <roperties of the reflected i!age, and change the Gpacity of the i!age to so!ething less than 1-- "7plore the 3illing pull(down !enu while you are here5
Thin*s to Tr9H ?ove point A with the !ouse 'ow does this affect the pictureK ?ove the picture with the !ouse and observe how this affects its i!age ?ove the line of reflection by dragging the two points with the !ouse 'ow does this affect the i!ageK 'ow can you use this construction to de!onstrate so!ething BGT being sy!!etricK Add point C = A " (&,=) What does this do to the construction Go bac& to the Transfor!ations by ?atrices and add i!ages to the construction Insert an i!age and try to graph e=uations that !atch the i!age
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Translatin* 8a*es
1 Gpen a new file, hiding the Algebra ;iew 2 Insert another picture into the Graphics ;iew ) <lace points A, #, and 4, and set these points as corners of the i!age , $how the algebra window, input field, coordinate a7es, and grid .View !enu/ 8 $et the point capturing to 3i7ed to Grid > <lot points F = (&, &) and 3 = (#, -2)1 %e!e!ber to use 4A<ITA* *"TT"%$ to na!e the points E Cse the ;ector between Two <oints Tool to construct a vector fro! point G to point < 2ou can also enter 2 = Gector[F, 3] in the Input line using a lower case 2 to na!e the vector
H Cse the Translate Gb9ect by ;ector Tool to translate the i!age 4lic& on the I!age, then the vector I %educe the filling of the translated i!age by accessing the Gb9ect <roperties of the translated i!age
Thin*s to Tr9... 6rag the vector5 "7plore the other Transfor!ation Tools Try the 6ilation tool 4onstruct a $lider first5
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Rotatin* 8a*es "sin* a Slider

1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window, hiding the Algebra ;iew, setting the *abeling Gptions to Bew <oints Gnly $how the A7es and the Grid 2 Cse the <olygon Tool to draw an ob9ect I li&e to use the letter 3 because it is easier for students to see the orientation Cse the <oint tool to place a point anywhere ) Cse the $lider Tool to insert a slider by clic&ing in an open space in the Graphics ;iew
, In the $lider window that opens, select the Angle #utton, give your slider a na!e .so!ething better than the default N/, and change the incre!ent to ,8]
8 Activate the %otate Gb9ect tool 2ou will clic& on the Gb9ect you want to rotate .the 3/, then the center of rotation .point M/, and then you will be pro!pted to enter an angle ûst type the na!e of your slider and select 4ountercloc&wise
Thin*s to Tr9... "7port this to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet 4hange the slider to rotate in I-] incre!ents
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Dilatin* 8a*es )sin* a Slider

1 #egin by inserting an i!age, and attaching the i!age to three points 2 4onstruct a slider Ba!e it Scale/actor
) <lace another point so!ewhere close to the i!age, but not on the i!age #y default, this point will be labeled D After you put the <oint Tool away, rena!e it by clic&ing on the point and typing the na!e Center
, Activate the 6ilate Gb9ect fro! <oint by 3actor tool To use it, 4lic& on the I!age, then 4lic& on the point 4"BT"%, then in the window that pops up, type in the na!e of the slider
Thin*s to Tr9... %educe the 3illing of the dilated i!age 4o!bine two translations and e7plore when they are e=uivalent
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7. E>.lorin* Conditional Hide and Show

This is so!ething that can be used anywhere We will wal& through a couple of e7a!ples that will show you how to !a&e ob9ects appear and disappear based on so!e other ob9ect 1 #egin with a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew *eave the coordinate a7es visible 2 <lace <oint A so!ewhere in the 3irst _uadrant 4hange the properties of <oint A so that it is #IG and 4olorful5 Also, have the coordinates of the point show, too ) <lace a te7t bo7 in each =uadrant by entering in the Input *ine H' = 0e!t[ DH2adrant (E ] 2ou will need to drag this te7t bo7 up into the first =uadrant , %epeat this for the re!aining _uadrants 2ou should have so!ething that loo&s li&e the figure at right We want to have each te7t bo7 appear only when <oint A is located in that =uadrant In GeoGebra ter!s, we want the Te7t #o7 na!ed _1 to appear when !(A) I & and (A) I & 8 Access the Gb9ect <roperties of te7t bo7 _1 Cnder the Advanced Tab, enter !(A) I & JJ (A) I & in the 4onditions to $how Gb9ect line The JJ !ean *ogical AB6 in GeoGebra > %epeat this for each of the other te7t bo7es, entering the appropriate conditions for each Thin*s to Tr9... "7port this to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet Add two !ore te7t bo7es that will display when <oint A is on the 7(a7is or y(a7is Instead of te7t bo7ed, !a&e i!ages that will hide and show based on the position of point A
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Linear EF)ation 6ra+ti+e

'ere is a si!ple applet that can be used with students to practice graphing the e=uations of a line $tudents will be given a rando! linear e=uation, and they will have to !ove a line so it !atches the e=uation 1 #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew $how the 4oordinate A7es and the Grid $et *abeling Gptions to Bew <oint Gnly 2 4reate a rando! line by entering a = RandomBetween[-5,5] and b = RandomBetween[-5,5] Then enter = a ! " b This line will be our target line 'ide the line ) Cse the *ine Tool to create a line #y default, the two points created by this tool will be labeled A and %
, Cse the Intersect Two Gb9ects tool to create the intersection point of this line and the y(a7is 2ou use the tool by clic&ing on the line, and then on the y(a7is #y default, this intersection point will be labeled C 'ide this point
8 Cse the $lope tool to !easure the $lope of the line $i!ply clic& on the line to use the tool #y default, the slope will be labeled + 4lic& on the s!all circle in the algebra view to hide the slope triangle
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> We want to enter a te7t bo7 that displays 0Good ôb1 when they !atch the graph To do this enter 0e!t[ D Kood Lob D ] in the Input *ine 6rag the te7t bo7 out of the way E We only want the Te7t #o7 to show when the slope of our line .!/ !atches the slope of the target line .a/ AB6 when the y(coordinate of y(intercept of our line . y.4/ / !atches the y(intercept of the target line .b/ To do this, access the ob9ect properties of the Te7t #o7 you 9ust created Cnder the A6;AB4"6 TA#, enter m == a JJ (C) == b1
H We ne7t need to show the e=uation of the target line in the Graphics ;iew The Target *ine is *abeled c In the Input *ine, enter 0e!t[ c ], then drag the e=uation that is created out of the way
I <ress 4trlA% to create a new target e=uation 2our instructions should be to drag one of the points on the line to the y(intercept, then drag the other to the appropriate slope 'ide the Algebra ;iew Loo! Gut a little and %e(siFe your window so it can be e7ported to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet This is the only bo7 that needs to be chec&ed
Thin*s to Tr9... "nhance your wor&sheet by adding 4G*G%5 "nhance your wor&sheet by adding a 4hec& #o7 to 'ide and $how the 0Good ôb 1 "nhance your wor&sheet by adding an i!age instead of the 0Good ôb 1 4hange the wor&sheet to practice graphing <arabolas5
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SelfAChe+2in* Refle+ted 6oint

These steps will wal& you through the construction of a file that &ids could use to practice identifying the reflection of a point in a line 1 #egin by Gpening a new GeoGebra file 'ide the Algebra ;iew $et point capturing to 3i7ed on Grid $et labeling options to Bew <oints Gnly by Gptions ?enu @ *abeling @ Bew <oints Gnly 2 In the Input *ine, enter A = (RandomBetween[-5,5], RandomBetween[-5,5]) ) <lot point # anywhere you li&e , 4onstruct point 4 by C = (RandomBetween[-2,2], RandomBetween[-2,2]) 8 4onstruct point 6 by 7 = C " (',&) > 4onstruct point " by . = Rotate[7, RandomBetween[&, #] =5B, C] .AltAo for the degree sy!bol/ E 4onstruct a line using the co!!and Aine[ C , . ] H %eflect <oint A over this line #y default, it will be na!ed A+ I 'ide points A+, 4, 6, and " <ress 4T%*A% a couple of ti!es so you can see how things change 1- In the Input *ine, type the co!!and 0e!t[ D Kood MorN5 D ] , then drag the resulting te7t off to the side of the window 11 In the Input *ine, type the co!!and 0e!t[ D Oee* 0r in+5 D ] , then drag the resulting te7t off to the side of the window 12 Insert a 4hec& #o7 In the window that pops up, 9ust give your 4hec& #o7 a caption .4hec& Answer/
8I
1) Access the Gb9ect properties of the Te7t #o7 that says Good Wor&5 Go to the Advanced Tab In the 4onditions to $how Gb9ect line, type in A'= =B JJ a Typing X X is how you test for two things to be e=ual Typing in `` is the logical AB6 #y typing this, we are telling the te7t bo7 to appear only when point # is dragged to point A+, and when the 4hec& #o7 is chec&ed 6G BGT 4*G$" T'" WIB6GW 2"T5 1, 4lic& on te!t2 on the left side of the Gb9ect <roperties window, and enter A'5=B JJ a for the 4ondition to $how Gb9ect 4an you guess what 5= !eansK
Thin*s to Tr9... 4hange the rando! coordinates or the points, or change how the line behaves Instead of showing a te7t bo7, show a s!iley face or a frowny face i!age ?a&e a file the will allow students to practice rando! rotations of I-], 1H-], and 2E-] This co!!and !ight be helpful . = Rotate[7, RandomBetween[', #] P&B, C]1 Then you 9ust want to drag A to " ?a&e a te7t bo7 that shows the e=uation of a rando! line 'ave a line that you drag to !atch the e=uation 'ave a s!iley face i!age appear when you are correct5
>-
Conditional Colorin*
2ou are going to construct a circle and one point that is not the center or radius point of the circle 6epending where the point is located with respect to the lines will deter!ine the color of the point 1 #egin by opening a new window $how the Algebra ;iew and the Graphics ;iew 'ide the coordinate a7es $et the *abeling Gptions to Bew <oints Gnly 2 Cse the 4ircle Tool to construct a circle #y default, the center will be labeled A and the radius point will be labeled % ) Cse the point tool to construct a point the is not on the circle This circle will be labeled C
, Access the Gb9ect <roperties of point C 4lic& on the Advanced Tab In the 6yna!ic 4olors, type in A4 a A# in the %ed *ine, and A4 b A# in the Green line The point will be blue elsewhere #y entering these ine=ualities, the point will be %"6 outside the circle and G%""B when inside the circle
Thin*s to Tr9... "7plore the %G# <ull 6own ?enu in this window %epeat this for a line, or a parabola, or a s=uare
>1
1(.
Creatin* C)sto8 Tools
This is probably !ost useful in Geo!etry, especially when you have to repeat a nu!ber of constructions over and over 4reating custo!s tools is easy to do *et+s !a&e a 4usto! Tool that will construct the centroid of a triangle .ignoring the fact that there I$ a centroid co!!and already5/ 1 #egin with a new GeoGebra window 'ide the Algebra ;iew and the coordinate a7es $et the *abeling Gptions to Bew <oints Gnly 2 Cse the <olygon Tool to construct a triangle To construct the 4entroid, we need to construct two !edians To construct a !edian, we need to construct the !idpoint of two sides of the triangle, then construct a seg!ent fro! this !idpoint to the opposite verte7 ) Cse the ?idpoint Tool to construct the !idpoints of any two sides by activating the tool and clic&ing on the side 2ou could also use either of the co!!ands Qid*oint[ A, B ] or Qid*oint[ a ] , Cse the $eg!ent Tool to construct seg!ents connecting these !idpoints to their opposite vertices
8 Cse the Intersection <oint Tool to construct the Intersection of these two !edians by placing your selection arrow over the intersection point #oth !edians should now be selected 4lic& on the intersection point
>2
Bow that our construction is co!plete, we want to !a&e a tool that will construct the centroid : point 3 : for us > Cnder the Tool ?enu, select 4reate Bew Tool
E In the window that pops up, you can select your Gutput Gb9ects .for us, point 3/ fro! the pull down !enu, or you can clic& on the Gutput Gb9ects in the Graphics ;iew
H 4lic& on the Input Gb9ects Tab The Input Gb9ects are selected auto!atically for you
I 4lic& on the Ba!e ` Icon Tab 2ou need to give your tool a recogniFable na!e 2ou should also provide so!e Tool 'elp 'ints that will help others use the tool 2ou do not need to fill in the 4o!!and Ba!ec that is done for you Thin*s to Tr9... 4reate a custo! tool for the other three classical triangle centers
>)
11. Creatin* D9na8i+ ?or2sheets

We have already e7ported our GeoGebra 3iles to 6yna!ic Wor&sheets This section will show you what the things on the Advanced Tab will do
We will start with the Cser Interface, and the 4hec& #o7es available there "ser nterfa+e 6o you want the ?enubar, or Toolbar, or Toolbar help, or Input #ar to show in your appletK If so, you should chec& the appropriate bo7
%C*" 1: $how Toolbar and $how Toolbar 'elp should be chec&ed together %C*" 2: "nable $ave, <rint ` Cndo should always be chec&ed whenever 6ouble 4lic& Gpens Application Window .3CB4TIGBA*IT2/ is chec&ed
>,
!)n+tionalit9 The first two chec& bo7es are self(e7planatory I rarely chec& the first one .this will allow the user to change ob9ect properties and the li&e/ I usually chec& the second one .so!eti!es labels get it the way %C*" ): Whenever you create a %ando! file, you !ust chec& $how Icon To %eset 4onstruction This will allow the user to create a new proble! !ade possible by the %ando!#etween co!!and %C*" ,: 4hec&ing 6ouble(clic& Gpens Application Window allows the user to double clic& on the applet, have it open in a GeoGebra window, and !a&e the file their own Cseful, but be careful using it with students %C*" 8: I have never used the last bo7 Try it, though 2ou !ay li&e it %C*" >: If you have properly re(siFed your GeoGebra window, you will never need to !ess with these nu!bers
If you use ?oodle, or if you have a class wi&i or a blog, the 4*I<#GA%6: ?GG6*" will allow you to e!bed applets in your !oodle, blog or wi&i page Gther than that, I typically use 3I*": ht!l
Thin*s to Tr9... Go ahead and e7port as !any different files to 6yna!ic Wor&sheets as you can "7plore the different settings
>8
1#. C)sto8i@in* the Toolbar

4usto!iFing the Tool #ar is so!ething I found useful in Geo!etry 3or e7a!ple, I !ay want !y students to construct a parallel line through a given point, but with the <arallel *ine Tool available, this is not difficult to do *et+s !a&e a custo! tool bar so students can construct the <erpendicular #isector of a seg!ent #egin by opening a new GeoGebra window, and hiding the Algebra ;iew and the 4oordinate A7es 1 Go to Tools ?enu @ 4usto!iFe Toolbar The window on the left shows the tools currently available in the tool bar What we want to do is to re!ove so!e of these tools
2 The tools are organiFed in this window the sa!e way they are organiFed in the tool bar To open up each group of tools, 9ust clic& on the s!all A icon
>>
) I li&e to begin by opening up the ?ove Tool Icon by clic&ing on the s!all A ne7t to the ?ove Tool Icon, then 9ust re!oving A** the tools in the category I do this for each tool This way, I can select only those tools I want to use Gf course, this is 9ust !e 2ou !ay discover a better !ethod that suites you5
, These are the tools I have included in !y <erpendicular #isector Toolbar
8 2ou will need to use the input bar to plot two points and the seg!ent between the two point 3or e7a!ple, I entered A X .1,-/, # X .8,2/, and $eg!entU A , # V because I had no tools to !a&e these ob9ects
Thin*s to Tr9... 4reate a 4usto! Tool #ar for another co!!on construction "7port to a 6yna!ic Wor&sheet
>E
1&. "sef)l Lin2s and nfor8ation3 Yo)r GeoGebra toAdo List

1 %e!e!ber to visit the GeoGebra Website: http://www geogebra org 2 %e!e!ber to register on the foru!: www geogebra org/foru!/ ) %e!e!ber to visit GeoGebra on 3aceboo&: www faceboo& co!/geogebra , %e!e!ber to wor& through the tutorials for beginning to advanced users: http://!ath,allages wordpress co!/geogebra/ 8 %e!e!ber to watch the video tutorials on GeoGebra+s 2ouTube 4hannel: http://www youtube co!/user/GeoGebra4hannel > %e!e!ber to visit the GeoGebra Wi&i: http://www geogebra org/en/wi&i/inde7 php/?ainT<age E %e!e!ber to visit GeoGebraTube: http://www geogebratube org
>H

An Introduction To GeoGebra Day 1

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An Introduction To GeoGebra Day 1

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An Introduction To GeoGebra

#. GeoGebra '.( (A)*)st #(11%

2ou want to clic& on the Thread *in& shown below

&. ntrod)+tion to the GeoGebra'.( nterfa+e

'. Gettin* to -now The Gra.hi+s /iew

<ractice using the !easuring tools tools

1. Chan*in* How Thin*s Loo23 GeoGebra4s Ob5e+t 6ro.erties

,. So8e "sef)l Short+)ts

0. Al*ebra 1 and Geo8etr9 Thin*s "sin* the Rando8:etween; < Co88and.

Creatin* a Rando8 6oint

Creatin* A Rando8 Line

Enhan+in* the Rando8 Line

Creatin* a D9na8i+ ?or2sheet

) $ave the file so!ewhere where you will find it easily5

Creatin* a Tar*et 6ra+ti+e Ga8e

Creatin* a Rando8 Cir+le

Creatin* a Rando8 6arabola

1) 2our applet should be ready to go5

Rando8 6arabola 6ra+ti+e D Transfor8in* !)n+tions

Creatin* a !a+torin* 6ra+ti+e A..let

> Insert a Te7t #o7 by activating the Insert Te7t Tool

E Type in 3actor: then select Gb9ect g

H 4reate another Te7t #o7, this ti!e, selecting only ob9ect f

Creatin* a !a+torin* A..let3 A Different ?a9

SolEin* a S9ste8s 6ra+ti+e

Thin*s to Tr9... ?a&e an applet for a =uadratic syste!

Creatin* a Table of /al)es

Chan*in* 6ara8eters "sin* Sliders

6ara8eters of a Linear EF)ation

E>.lorin* 6ara8eters of a G)adrati+ 6ol9no8ial "sin* Sliders

Gra.hin* a 6ol9no8ial "sin* Roots

2 In the input line, enter $(!) = ( ! % !(A) ) ( ! % !(B) ) ( ! % !(C) )

The SeF)en+e Co88and

Librar9 of Al*ebrai+ !)n+tions

Gra.hin* Tri* !)n+tions

SolEin* EF)ations with CAS

, 4ontinue step(by(step until you reach a solution

Chan*in* the Ste.s in a Constr)+tion3 The Constr)+tion 6roto+ol.

#e certain to drag points A and # around and observe the changes

Transfor8ations "sin* 8a*es

Resi@in*J Refle+tin*J and Distortin* a 6i+t)re

Rotatin* 8a*es "sin* a Slider

Dilatin* 8a*es )sin* a Slider

7. E>.lorin* Conditional Hide and Show

Linear EF)ation 6ra+ti+e

SelfAChe+2in* Refle+ted 6oint

Creatin* C)sto8 Tools

11. Creatin* D9na8i+ ?or2sheets

1#. C)sto8i@in* the Toolbar

, These are the tools I have included in !y <erpendicular #isector Toolbar

1&. "sef)l Lin2s and nfor8ation3 Yo)r GeoGebra toAdo List

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1. Chanin How Thin*s Loo23 GeoGebra4s Ob5e+t 6ro.erties

0. Alebra 1 and Geo8etr9 Thins "sin* the Rando8:etween; < Co88and.

Chanin 6ara8eters "sin* Sliders

Chanin the Ste.s in a Constr)+tion3 The Constr)+tion 6roto+ol.

Resi@inJ Refle+tinJ and Distortin* a 6i+t)re

Rotatin* 8aes "sin a Slider

Dilatin* 8aes )sin a Slider