Canadian Architect - Environmental Stewardship - January 2009

ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
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V.54 N.01
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2008 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
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01/09 CANADIAN ARCHITECT 5
9 NEWS
Artscape Wychwood Barns open in Toron-
to; winners of the 2008 Design Exchange
Awards announced.
33 PRACTICE
The scope of services provided by HOKs
Advance Strategies group is detailed by Ian
Chodikoff.
37 CALENDAR
Actions: What You Can Do With the City at
the Canadian Centre for Architecture in
Montreal; 2009 Interior Design Show in
Toronto.
38 BACKPAGE
Andrew King discusses the interface
between art and architecture, captured
beautifully in the work of artist Penelope
Stewart.
14 GREENER PASTURES FOR CANADA?
ITS HIGH TIME CANADIANS ADOPT THE PROGRESSIVE GREEN-ROOF POLICIES AND PRACTICES
OF THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES. TEXT KERRY ROSS
20 SCRAPING FOR OIL IN ALBERTA
THE ACTIONS OF MULTINATIONAL OIL CORPORATIONS IN THE INTEREST OF OIL SANDS
DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCE EXTRACTION PROVE DETRIMENTAL TO THE LANDSCAPE OF
NORTHERN ALBERTA. TEXT KELLY DORAN
27 FIFTH TOWN ARTISAN CHEESE
FACTORY
HIGHLY FINESSED SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PRACTICES ARE EVIDENT IN AN ARTISANAL CHEESE
FACTORY DESIGNED BY LAPOINTE ARCHITECTS. TEXT LESLIE JEN
COVER DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE NETWORK
OF OIL PIPELINES EMANATING FROM NORTH-
ERN ALBERTA INTO THE REST OF CANADA AND
THE UNITED STATES. IMAGE CREATED BY KELLY
DORAN.
THE NATIONAL REVIEW OF DESIGN AND PRACTICE/
THE JOURNAL OF RECORD OF THE RAIC
JANUARY 2009, V.54 N.01
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CONTENTS
6 CANADIAN ARCHITECT 01/09
both cultural stewardship and development in
Toronto, largely due to his success in orchestrating
a successful model of collaboration between the City
of Toronto, local residents, non-profit community
organizations, and Artscape itself.
While Artscape is deemed as being successful, it
is not alone in its efforts. Over the past few years,
creative convergence as applied to community
development has been a popular subject of discus-
sion in other cities such as Minneapolis, Chicago,
Austin, Pittsburgh, and Quebec City. The common
jargon spoken amongst leaders in these commun-
ities tends to include these four words: collabora-
tion, convergence, clustering and creativity. As any-
one who has undertaken the process of fundraising
and securing political support for community devel-
opment will tell you, these four words are easier
said than done.
At a regional forum held at the Artscape Wych-
wood Barns the day before its official opening,
Tonya Surman, Executive Director of the Centre for
Social Innovation talked about entrepreneurship,
collaboration and systems change: if you start with a
physical space and bring people together, innova-
tion happens. When you then attract a solid dose of
entrepreneurship and the power to leverage small,
the power of creative aggregation occurs, she
noted.
When developing new facilities like the Artscape
Wychwood Barns, part of the challenge is finding
the right kind of investment and public funding to
build better living environments. Aligning these
development opportunities within a broader public
policy and effective leadership creates a successful
model for creative convergence. Lets hope that
such models of development will continue to be
applied elsewhere as a viable tool for community
development.
Torontos Artscape Wychwood Barns, the latest
best-practice model for enabling creativity at the
community level, opened its doors to nearly univer-
sal acclaim in late November. The brainchild of Tim
Jones, Artscape president and CEO, the new $21-
million restoration project represents a creative
convergence approach to development involving
the visionary efforts of social entrepreneurs, artists,
developers and architects to improve the vibrancy
and creative output of the city. Built on the site of a
former Toronto Transit Commission repair facility,
the 60,000-square-foot community centre con-
tains 26 live/work studios, 15 artist studios, and en-
vironmentalists who work in the fields of education,
urban agriculture and food security. The Wychwood
Barns has joined the roster of other recent addi-
tions to Toronto qualifying as nodes of creativity,
including the Distillery District, Liberty Village,
Canadas National Ballet School, and MaRS (a
centre of innovation that connects science and tech-
nology with social entrepreneurs). With a variety of
mandates, these projects are seen as both economi-
cally sustainable and culturally vibrant. It is hoped
that they may also inspire other organizations to
initiate and build similar types of facilities in small-
er communities and in more suburban contexts.
Surrounded by a new city park, the Artscape
Wychwood Barns will house over a dozen non-
profit organizations, along with indoor community
facilities. The 4.3-acre site consists of five attached
brick buildings built between 1913 and 1921. Having
been abandoned for almost 30 years, the project
became the first LEED-certified heritage project in
Ontario to use stormwater recycling and both geo-
thermal heating and cooling. The lead design con-
sultant and architect for the project was Joe Lobko
from du Toit Architects Ltd. By achieving three
major community development goals for the pro-
jecteducation, partnerships and culture-led regen-
erationJones is widely regarded as the prince of IAN CHODIKOFF ICHODIKOFF@CANADIANARCHITECT.COM
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ABOVE THE RECENTLY OPENED ARTSCAPE WYCHWOOD BARNS IN TORONTO IS THE LATEST EXAMPLE
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NEWS
ABOVE THE ARTSCAPE WYCHWOOD BARNS OPENED IN TORONTO IN LATE NOVEMBER. CONTAIN-
ING ARTISTS LIVE/WORK STUDIOS AND FACILITIES FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE AND COMMUNITY
EVENTS, THE PROJECT REQUIRED CONSIDERABLE EFFORT TO TRANSFORM FIVE TURN-OF-THE-CENTURY
STREETCAR REPAIR SHEDS THAT SAT VACANT FOR OVER 20 YEARS INTO A VIBRANT COMMUNITY
CENTRE.
PROJECTS
Artscape Wychwood Barns open in Toronto.
Opening ceremonies and a public launch of this
much anticipated project took place on Novem-
ber 20, 2008 with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. A
not-for-profit enterprise dedicated to culture-
led regeneration, Artscape has transformed the
historic Wychwood TTC streetcar repair barns
located in Torontos St. Clair and Bathurst neigh-
bourhood into the Artscape Wychwood Barnsa
multifaceted community centre where arts and
culture, environmental leadership, heritage
preservation, urban agriculture and affordable
housing are brought together to foster a strong
sense of community. The long list of challenges
included environmental contamination, lack of
resources to develop the municipally owned site,
a need for park space in one of the most park-
deficient neighbourhoods in the city, and a
neighbourhood divided on what type of develop-
ment was appropriate. Ultimately, Artscape
forged a consensus around a new vision which
speaks to affordable artist housing, sustainability
of not-for-profit arts and environmental organ-
izations, animation and engagement of the local
community, promotion and showcasing best
practices in environmental design, honouring
the legacy of public transit and preserving an
important part of turn-of-the-century industrial
architecture. The Artscape Wychwood Barns are
comprised of four programmed components: the
Studio Barn, the Covered Street Barn, the Com-
munity Barn and the Stop Community Food
Centres Green Barn. The lead consultant and
architect for the project is du Toit Architects Ltd.
with E.R.A. Architects Inc. as the heritage archi-
tect. The Planning Partnership is responsible for
the landscape architecture.
www.torontoartscape.on.ca/barns/
AWARDS
Winners of the 2008 Design Exchange
Awards announced.
The 2008 Design Exchange Awards program
(DXA) promotes Canadian design excellence and
recognizes the critical role of design in all types of
organizations including commercial entities (large
and small), not-for-profit organizations, and the
public sector. The Awards also celebrate the suc-
cess stories achieved through close partnerships
between clients and designers. The following rep-
resent just a few of the categories: in the Commer-
cial Architecture category, Daoust Lestage Inc. won
the Best of Category award for Quai des Cageux. An
Award of Excellence was given to Levitt Goodman
Architects for Peel Youth Village, and to MacLen-
nan Jaunkalns Miller Architects for the South
Oshawa Community Centre. Three Awards of
Merit were given to Kleinfeldt Mychajlowycz
Architects Inc. for the Fire & Emergency Service
Training Institute, Manasc Isaac Architects + Stur-
gess Architecture for the Water Centre, and
Stantec Architecture Inc. for the Peterborough
Regional Health Centre. In the Residential Archi-
tecture category, the Best of Category award was
bestowed upon two recipients: Levitt Goodman
Architects for their own Levitt Goodman House,
and Reigo + Bauer for 12 Cassels. Two Awards of
Excellence recognize the Prefab Cottage for Two
Families by Kohn Shnier Architects, and 112 St.
Clair Avenue West by Page + Steele Architects. Paul
Raff Studios Cascade House won the Award of
Merit. In the Landscape Architecture category, two
Best of Category awards were given to PLANT
Architect Inc. for Boustrophedon Garden and to
space2place design inc. for the Garden City Park
Play Environment. Daoust Lestage Inc. captured
an Award of Excellence for the Thematic Gardens
at the Promenade Samuel-de-Champlain. And an
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Award of Merit was given to PWL Partnership
Landscape Architect Inc. for Phase I of the South-
east False Creek Waterfront. In the Urban Design
category, Daoust Lestage Inc. won the Best of Cat-
egory award again for the Promenade Samuel-de-
Champlain, while two Awards of Excellence were
given to the Office for Urbanisms Heart of Our
City Master Plan, and to Urban Strategies Inc. for
Cornell Universitys Comprehensive Campus Mas-
ter Plan. Du Toit Allsopp Hilliers Corktown Foot-
bridge and space2place design inc.s Spirit Trail
for the City of North Vancouver each captured an
Award of Merit. Wayne Fyffe, Past President and
CEO of Credit Valley Hospital, and Carlo Fidani of
the Peel Regional Cancer Centre were both recog-
nized with an award for Canadian Company or
CEO With Best Design Strategy. And lastly, the DX
Staff Choice Award was claimed by Lapointe Archi-
tects Fifth Town Artisan Cheese Factory. An exhi-
bition of the winning projects will be on display
until March 1, 2009 in the Exhibition Hall at the
Design Exchange in Toronto.
www.dx.org/dxa/index.html
Winners of the International VELUX Award
for Students of Architecture announced.
This years award program, entitled Velux 2008:
Light of Tomorrow, resulted in three winners and
eight honourable mentions, which were recently
presented and honoured at an event in Venice.
Reilly ONeil Hogan from the US won first prize,
Ruan Hao and Xiong Xing from China won second
prize, and Dean MacGregor from Portugal took
third prize. In his project Embodied Ephemer-
ality, Hogan discusses how to challenge the daily
city routines by getting off the subway at a new
(wrong) station. How when you are forced to drift
from your routine, you perceive the city with new
eyesin this case the Path station in Lower Man-
hattan. Hao and Xings second-place project
Interface RepairingLight Festival celebrates
sunlight in the city. And MacGregors Light Has a
Body third-place project takes the essence of
light and focuses on the way that it enters and
exposes itself through the refraction of water. In
addition to the three prizewinners, the jury award-
ed eight honourable mentions to submissions
from 11 different countries representing Europe,
North America and Asia, selected from 686 pro-
jects from 244 schools in 46 countries.
http://iva.velux.com/
2009 American Architecture Awards.
The Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of Architecture
and Design in association with the European
Centre for Architecture, Art, Design and Urban
Studies and Metropolitan Arts Press Ltd. is organ-
izing the 2009 American Architecture Awards as a
way in which to honour new architecture, land-
scape architecture, interiors, and urban planning
projects designed in the United States. In 2008,
hundreds of submissions for this awards program
were received by the museum from architecture,
landscape architecture, and urban planning firms
across the United States. Over 60 of Americas
most prominent architecture firms were recog-
nized. The 2009 awards program considers new
corporate headquarters, skyscrapers, institutions,
sports and transportation facilities, interiors,
urban-planning projects, airports, and residences,
built in the US or abroad by a US architectural
firm, both built and unbuilt projects alike, since
January 1, 2007. International firms headquar-
tered outside the United States are eligible to sub-
mit projects built or designed only in the United
States. The Chicago Athenaeum: Museum of Archi-
tecture and Design founded the American Archi-
tecture Awards as a way in which to draw signifi-
cant international attention to new buildings and
planning projects being built and designed in the
United States by the best of Americas architecture
offices and firms. The deadline for submissions is
February 1, 2009.
www.chi-athenaeum.org
Glenn Murcutt awarded the 2009 AIA Gold
Medal.
The 2009 AIA Gold Medal has been awarded to
Australian architect Glenn Marcus Murcutt,
Hon. FAIA. Murcutt was recognized by the AIA
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Issues related to the environmental impacts that result from designing
and constructing buildings are currently being explored by an
increasing number of building owners, architects, engineers, facility
managers and all people related to shelter. These issues include
questions about whether or not green buildings perform as well
as intended or predicted, why many green building projects begin
with great enthusiasm and end in frustration and why sustainable
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COVER IS NOT FINAL
Board in large part for the depth of his work and
the breadth of his influence. Murcutt, a sole
practitioner, is noted for his ecologically res-
ponsive and socially responsible Modernist sub-
urban and rural homes in which he incorporates
a variety of natural materials. Although Murcutt
works exclusively in Australia, he has had and
continues to have a profound impact on archi-
tecture around the world. While some might
characterize a single-continent geographic range
of work as regional, the effect of Mr. Murcutts
practice is amplified by impassioned and exten-
sive lectures and a commitment to teaching
throughout the world, said Tom Howorth, FAIA,
chair of the AIA Committee on Designs Gold
Medal Committee. Murcutt, born in London in
1936, grew up in the remote Morobe district of
New Guinea. He established his own practice in
Sydney in 1970. The Gold Medal honours an
individual whose significant body of work has
had a lasting influence on the theory and prac-
tice of architecture. Murcutt will be presented
with the award at the American Architectural
Foundations Accent on Architecture Gala in
February. He becomes the 65th AIA Gold Medal-
list, joining the ranks of such visionaries as
Thomas Jefferson, Frank Lloyd Wright, Louis
Sullivan, Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn, I.M. Pei,
Cesar Pelli, Edward Larrabee Barnes and last
years recipient, Renzo Piano.
Barbara Cappochin International Prize
2009.
The third edition of this biennial prize aims to
heighten awareness and associate the different
roles in the world of architectureplanners,
builders and clientsin promoting the quality of
planning and construction in natural and urban
contexts. This international prize will honour an
architectural work, completed between July 1,
2006 and June 30, 2009, that offers a vision of
the future as an expression of respect for the
past. The prize is open to all architects or multi-
disciplinary teams led by architects. Works can
belong to any of the following categories: public
or private residences; commercial, administra-
tive, or mixed-use buildings; public facilities
(educational, cultural, sports, leisure or health
care); and landscape architecture. A number of
prizes will be awarded as follows: an internation-
al grand prize worth X65,000; a special prize of
X6,000 for quality detail in architectural and
construction elements; a prize of X6,000 for a
project realized in the province of Padua; and the
Giancarlo Ius Gold Medal, awarded to the most
innovative work in the field of energy-saving and
renewable technologies. The opening date for
receiving registrations and entries is April 9,
2009, and the closing date for receiving entries is
June 30, 2009.
www.barbaracappochinfoundation.net
COMPETITIONS
Foresight: 2009 Young Architects Forum
Call for Entries.
Young architects and designers are invited to sub-
mit work to the annual Young Architects Competi-
tion. Projects of all types, either theoretical or real
and executed in any medium, are welcome. The
jury will select work for presentation in public
forums, an online installation, and an exhibition
at the Architectural League beginning in May
2009. Winners will receive a cash prize of $1,000.
The Young Architects Forum is an annual compe-
tition, series of lectures, and exhibition organized
by the Architectural League and its Young Archi-
tects Committee. The Forum was established to
recognize specific works of high quality and to
encourage the exchange of ideas among young
people who might otherwise not have a forum. The
theme of this years competition is foresight. Our
daily life is inundated by predictions and fore-
casts: about the world climate, the economy,
socio-political trends, the housing markets rise
and fall, and all kinds of bubbles bursting. Sub-
missions should indicate some reliance on mobil-
izing elements of that intelligencethinking
ahead, forecasting possible outcomes and oppor-
tunities, and as a result, imagining an effective
role for architecture in the future. Entrants may
submit work done independently, as an employee
The 2005 National Building, Fire and Plumbing Codes and
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Institute for Research
in Construction
or as a teacher. Entrants must be ten years or less
out of graduate or undergraduate school; students
are not eligible for this competition. Work com-
pleted for fulfillment of course requirements at
academic institutions is not eligible. Past Young
Architects Forum winners are not eligible. Work
undertaken as an employee must be accompanied
by a letter from a principal in the firm stating that
the entrant can be given sole credit for the work
submitted. The competition is open to current
residents of the United States, Canada, and Mexico
only. The competition theme is given as a basis for
young architects and designers to reflect upon and
re-evaluate their work. A written statement not to
exceed 250 words is requested, which defines and
considers the work. A single portfolio, which may
include several projects, must be bound in a for-
mat no larger than 11 x 14. The competition dead-
line is February 11, 2009. Entries must be received
at the League office by 5:00 pm or postmarked by
this date, and each entrant must submit an entry
fee of $20. The jury is comprised of Paola Anton-
elli, Teddy Cruz, Nader Tehrani and Calvin Tsao.
http://archleague.org/index-dynamic.
php?show=844
MAXMIX Cities: Celebration of Cities 3.
This ideas competition is open to architects and
students of architecture throughout the world.
CC3 is organized by the UIA Korean Section, the
Federation of Institutes of Architects (FIKA),
along with participating UIA Member Sections.
The Korean office Space Group will undertake the
management of CC3. The theme chosen for CC3
is: MAXMIX Cities: activities, built elements and
spaces may all be mingled or mixed to allow cities
to attain the maximum quality of life. MAXMIX
Cities is a response to the multiple contradictions
of contemporary cities: high density and anonym-
ity; mans distance from nature and his desire to
reclaim it; opposition between the urban world
and the rural world; and between the past and the
present. How can we mix the elements of this
urban reality to improve the quality of life in
cities today and respond to the aspirations of
citizens? A grand prize of X5,000 will be awarded
in each category (students and professionals). In
addition, the jury will award a prize of X1,000 per
category in each of the five UIA Regions. Regis-
tration and online submissions open on May 5,
2009. Registration closes and the deadline for
submissions is May 15, 2009.
www.celebcities3.org
WHATS NEW
Public Spirit: Philip Johnsons lost Ontario
town.
Terence Gowers project Public Spirit grew out of
his research into the history of Washington,
DCs Hirshhorn Museum during his 2007 artist
fellowship with the Smithsonian. Running until
March 22, 2009, the exhibition tells the story of
the original proposal for the Hirshhorn
Museum, which founder Joseph Hirshhorn
envisioned as the centrepiece of a utopian
town of culture planned for the wilderness of
western Ontario in Canada. In the mid-1950s,
Hirshhorn enlisted architect Phillip Johnson to
design the town, and although the project was
never realized, photographic documentation of
his architectural model still exists. Gower uses
these photos along with other documentation of
the plans for the town and Ezra Stollers photo-
graphs of the Gordon Bunshaft-designed Hirsh-
horn Museum and Sculpture Garden for his
material. Public Spirit includes a digitally ani-
mated video projection, which takes visitors on
a tour of the proposed town (including the
museum where Gower has hung an imagined
exhibition) and the surrounding landscape. The
project also contains a large-scale sculptural
model of two buildings within Johnsons plan
and a series of posters incorporating imagery
and text related to the history of the Hirshhorn
Museum.
http://hirshhorn.si.edu/exhibitions/view.
asp?key=19&subkey=200
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GREENER PASTURES
A SURVEY OF GREEN ROOFS IN SEVERAL NORDIC COUNTRIES
DEBUNKS SOME OF THE MYTHS ABOUT SUCCESSFULLY ADOPTING
SUCH TECHNOLOGY FOR A WIDE RANGE OF PROJECTS IN CANADA.
TEXT KERRY ROSS
PHOTOS KERRY ROSS, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED
THIS PAGE THE AWARD-WINNING HRUNAMAN-
NAHREPPUR SUMMER HOUSE BY THE REYK-
JAVK ARCHITECTURE FIRM OF ASK ARKITEK-
TAR IS DELIGHTFULLY SITED IN A RURAL LAND-
SCAPE AND SUCCESSFULLY INCORPORATES
A GREEN ROOF INTO ITS ARCHITECTURE.
It is a centuries-old idea wrapped in new tech-
nology that offers efficiency and beauty. It will
even contribute towards LEED certification,
but green roofs remain a hard sell in parts of
Canada despite the increasing number of pro-
jects in Southern Ontario and on the Pacific
West Coastwhere one can find research and
demonstration facilities, municipal incentives
and organizations advocating for public aware-
ness. Meanwhile, across the Prairies and in
Canadas North, there is still a false perception
that green roofs wont work.
There will always be resistance to new tech-
nology, but in colder Canadian climates there
appear to be more myths and fears about green
roofs than in other countries. Not only are
potential clients worried about leaky roofs,
initial up-front costs and long-term mainten-
ance, but others question their relevancy, given
our long, cold winters.
One of Albertas pioneering green-roof
projects (with apologies to the sod roofs that
were commonplace among settlers) can be
found on top of the Bison Courtyard in Banff.
Initiated in 2000, the mixed-use commercial
and residential project was led by green-roof
guru, William McDonough (with the Zeidler
Partnership of Calgary). McDonough has long
espoused the benefits of green roofssuperior
stormwater management, cleaner air, im-
proved energy efficiency and occupant com-
fort, and the provision of habitat for urban
species.
RIGHT, TOP AND MIDDLE THE AUGUSTENBORG
BOTANICAL GARDENS IN MALM, SWEDEN IS
A LEADING-EDGE LARGE-SCALE PROJECT IN-
CORPORATING RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRA-
TION GREEN ROOFS. IT RECEIVES THOUSANDS
OF VISITORS ANNUALLY. RIGHT FORMERLY A
SCHOOL SITUATED IN CENTRAL COPEN-
HAGEN, THE 16-UNIT HELGOLANDSGADE 6
HOUSING RENOVATION INCLUDES A LOW-
MAINTENANCE GREEN ROOF ON ITS ROOF-
TOP AMENITY SPACE.
But municipal authorities in Banff were un
convinced. In an effort to explain the vision of
inviting nature into the buildings and emulating
the mountain experience, Peter Poole of Arctos &
Bird Enterprises built a demonstration plot on
the roof of the existing building on Bear Street
and gathered everyone to see the power of blend
ing ecology and aesthetics. The town officials
immediately understood what Poole was after,
and the Bison Courtyard went ahead, complete
with green roofs.
Every gardener on the Prairies knows that it
takes a lot of effort to make things grow. The
winters are long and cold, the growing season is
brief and there is little precipitation. An addi
tional challenge in Southern Alberta is the Chi
nook wind. Understandably, when presented
with the concept of a green roof, clients are
reluctant to embrace the technology for fear that
it is impractical at worst, difficult at best. They
want to see proof beforehand.
Enter my Nordic experience. Northern Europe
has been sprouting green roofs for decades.
Surely, learning firsthand from their experien
ces would help overcome some of the obstacles to
planning, designing, and building a green roof on
the Canadian prairie and other cold climates.
From my initial exposure to green roofs on top
of the Bison Courtyard project, I was anxious to
learn more. To benefit from the European indus
try that is at least 30 years ahead of the Canadian
one, in August 2007 I began my study, touring
over 35 green roofs across Iceland, Denmark,
Norway and Sweden. The experience allowed me
to compare the many objectives and methodolo
gies of Nordic versus Canadian green roofs.
The physical geography felt familiar, as did the
sense of being part of a relatively small popula
tion living on the northern fringe of larger, more
powerful neighbours like Russia. However, the
cultural geography of our two regions is much
different. Most visible, from my perspective, was
the broadly held reverence for and knowledge of
TOP LEFT THE HOLISTIC APPROACH TO GREEN-
ROOF TECHNOLOGY IS DEMONSTRATED ON
THE ROOFTOP OF VEG TECH ABS HEADQUAR-
TERS IN THE VILLAGE OF VISLANDA, IN SOUTH-
ERN SWEDEN. MIDDLE LEFT COMPLETED IN 2007,
THE BELLA CENTRE IN COPENHAGEN IS A
MULTI-BUILDING COMPLEX CONTAINING 63
RENTAL APARTMENTS. LEFT REYKJAVK CITY HALL,
DESIGNED BY STUDIO GRANDA, HAS A LIVING
WALL ON ITS NORTH FACE THAT GROWS
ATOP A BLACK LAVA SURFACE.
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design, craft and architecture shared by all four
Nordic countries. This is hardly surprising, given
that early on in their formal education, young
people in many of the Nordic countries receive
schooling with a strong emphasis on art and
design. These countries are also being guided by
a strong ecological imperative, having adopted
and advanced the United Nations Agenda 21a
blueprint for sustainable development. It was,
after all, a Norwegian, Dr. Gro Harlem Brund
tand, who led the UN commission that defined
the term sustainable development in 1987.
At about the same time, pioneers in the sustaina
bility movement such as the Natural Step and
Greenspace Factor began operating in Sweden.
Denmarkwith only limited natural resources,
save abundant wind energyhas shown the world
how resourceful thinking and good design can
power a country and energize an economy. Ice
land has also become a world renewable energy
leader, using its abundant geothermal resource to
power and heat its homes as well as developing
an extensive greenhousebased agriculture.
Clearly, there was much I could learn from this
Nordic brand of forward thinking and, as I toured
these countries over the course of a month, three
clear themes seemed to emerge: the green roof as
building amenity; the green roof as building
ecology; and the green roof as building culture.
These trends seemed to be underpinned by the
following broad concepts:
Adaptation and Resilience
While the regions I visited are considerably milder
than Alberta, they have their own climate challen
ges. Iceland, for example, does not suffer the
extreme cold temperatures we do but their average
temperature over the year is much cooler. Build
ings are often set into the site to shelter against the
elements. Historical ones frequently have turf
walls and roofs for added insulating value.
Context and Continuity
In Iceland and Norway, green roofs, with the
exception of those using modern waterproof
membranes, have continuity with the turf roofs
of the past. In Denmark, green roofs are driven
by a pragmatic need to make density more
attractive and are included as part of the design
ers tool palette. In Sweden, green roofs are driv
Augustenborg Botanical Gardens
The Augustenborg Botanical Gardens, situated
in Malm, Sweden, is home to the Scandina
vian Green Roof Association and provides
nearly 90,00 square metres of research and
demonstration greenroof projects. Extensive
systems are employed along with pregrown
and insitu applications. An interpretive
centre has been built to accommodate the
abundant number of tour groups that go
through the facility.
Helgolandsgade 6 Housing Renovation
Designed by b19 architekten of Germany, the
Helgolandsgade Housing Renovation converted
a decommissioned school into 16 housing units
in the gentrified neighbourhood of Vesterbro,
located in central Copenhagen. The upper roof
was converted into a 140squaremetre com
mon amenity space, which includes an outdoor
kitchen, dining and lounging areas. The project
incorporates a series of sedum mats along the
length of the west side of the roof which was
installed in a matter of hours. The mats create a
landscaped edge to the common roof deck. The
lower sloped roofs of the service building are
also covered in sedum mats.
Veg Tech AB
Veg Tech AB is the leading greenroof manu
facturer in Scandinavia with over 40,000
square metres installed in various projects. Lo
cated in the village of Vislanda in Southern
Sweden, the company headquarters are divi
ded into field production operations, head
offices and a nursery. While sedum mats are
their bestselling products, Veg Tech also
produces systems for streambed rehabilita
tion, stormwater mitigation and greenscreen
hedging material.
Bella Hus
Designed by schmidt hammer lassen architects
near the centre of Copenhagen, the Bella
Centre is a four to sevenstorey complex of 63
rental apartments. Completed in 2007, there is
a common roof deck with a barbeque and loung
ing area atop the seventh floor. An herb and
sedum mat, consisting of a mixture of peren
nial grasses and flowering forbs, was installed
to provide coverage that resembles a meadow.
This greenroof system provides excellent im
mediate coverage, excellent cold and drought
tolerance as well as greater biodiversity.
Reykjavk City Hall
Designed by Studio Granda, Reykjavk City
Hall consists of two threestorey structures at
the north end of Lake Tjornin. The building,
which opened in 1992, has a living iridescent
wall on its northfacing exterior. The lush,
green vegetation grows on a dark black, lava
clad wall, creating a stark contrast. This
stunning vertical surface is reflected in an
adjacent shallow pool. Much of Iceland is
covered in lava fields and the wall replicates
the moss and lichen that grow over these
fields and cover much of the island. An auto
mated irrigation system keeps the lava surface
constantly moist, promoting the growth of
mosses, ferns and lichens.
Solheimer Eco-Village
Craft and building are evident in the totems
carved with Icelandic runes (characters from
the alphabet) which are displayed in the
grassy meadow leading up to Sesseljuhus.
rbr Outdoor Museum
The Icelandic turf roof has evolved over 11
centuries where numerous examples of these
and other historical green or turf roofs are
present at various openair folk museums in
the Nordic countries. A scarcity of building
materials combined with Icelands isolation
from Europe and other markets meant turf
became the principal building material in
Iceland. It was local to the area and in ready
supply. Iceland has unique settlements of
rural turf farmsteads comprising several one
storey, oneroom buildings in a row with a
central adjoining corridor and gabled faades
enclosing walls of turf or stone. The turf roofs
were often constructed with a birchbark
layer for water shedding and two to three
layers of turf dug from the adjacent surround
ings with specialized hand tools. They would
often be weighted down with stones to prevent
the turf from lifting off with the wind.
Kastrup Peak Load Plant
Designed by the Danish architecture firm of
Gottlieb Paludan a/s, this earthsheltered
halfdome building is situated near Copen
hagen International Airport. At 1,135 square
metres, its one of the largest greenroof
applications in Scandinavia. The building
houses a system of pumps, pipelines and heat
exchangers as well as a peak load and backup
heating plant to supply power to the nearby
airport and surrounding districts. The green
roof consists of moss and sedum mats placed
on top of a felt drainage layer and waterproof
membrane. The mats were delivered in 10
metrelong rolls held off the boom of a crane
and installed one next to another with an
overlapping flap. Opened in 2006, the project
has won numerous design awards and demon
strates that an industrial building need not be
an unsightly structure.
en by formally adopted ecological benchmarks
and are acknowledged as a significant green
space or lowimpact development strategy.
Cost
In Iceland and Norway, traditional grass or turf
roofs are considered to be one of the most eco
nomical roofing choices. One reason they are less
expensive choices is that they use locally available
material. Conversely, Denmark and Sweden are
closer to a diversity of greenroof suppliers in
Scandinavia as well as elsewhere in Europe.
Overall, greenroof projects in Europe enjoy
significant cost advantages over Canadian ones.
Because Europe is a far more mature industry,
there is more competition and infrastructure,
and therefore lower costs. In Alberta, a green
roof can still cost twice as much as a conventional
membrane roof, which is a major concern for
owners and developers. Transportation costs of
systems and materials in Canada can add up to 25
percent or more to the cost of a new green roof.
But over time and as the industry grows, these
costs will come down and the longerterm cost
benefits of green roofs will become even more
attractive.
This cost reduction has already occurred in the
European industry over the last three decades.
I saw firsthand evidence of many successful
greenroof applications, allowing me to return to
Canada armed with more than a few details about
how to emulate that success here.
One of my most significant experiences
occurred as I was standing atop Bella Hus by
schmidt hammer lassen architects in the new
restad district of Copenhagen. I was awestruck
by the panorama around me, and the meadow
beneath my feet. The rich foliage was from a
sedum-rt-grsvegetation or a sedumherb
grass mat that uses a mix of perennial grasses
and flowering forbs with sedums. The mat pro
vides immediate coverage, excellent cold and
drought tolerance, and great biodiversity. It is a
product that is not yet available in North Amer
ica. The knowledge contained in seed plantings
can be found in other projects around Scandi
navia as well. One stormy afternoon in Vislanda,
Sweden at the Veg Tech AB production field and
head office of Scandinavias largest greenroof
provider, I was introduced to a blend of hardy
species of seed that had been harvested in Siberia
and nurtured to create a precultivated mat that
excels in northern climes. In general, there is a
Scandinavian sensibility, especially in Iceland
and Norway, to let things be without too much
concern over maintaining the landscape. Unlike
Canadians, they are not concerned about making
a green roof manicured. They just want to make it
natural.
During my research, I felt as though the green
ing of Europes roofs was part of a quiet revolu
TOP ROW, LEFT TO RIGHT THE AUGUSTENBORG BOTANICAL GARDENS IN MALM CONTAIN TRADITIONAL
LANDSCAPES ON MANY OF ITS ROOFTOP GARDENS IN ADDITION TO MORE CONTEMPORARY IN-
STALLATIONS; AT THE RBR OUTDOOR MUSEUM, 19TH-CENTURY SOD ROOFS WITH EMBELLISHED
WOODEN END BEAMS GREET VISITORS; SESSELJUHUS, LOCATED IN THE ECO-VILLAGE OF SOLHEIMER,
ICELAND, IS DEVOTED TO INCREASING AWARENESS IN SUSTAINABLE DESIGN. MIDDLE ROW, LEFT TO
RIGHT AN ANCIENT TOTEM CARVED WITH ICELANDIC RUNES IS DISPLAYED AT SESSELJUHUS, ESTAB-
LISHING THE LINK BETWEEN NATURE AND ARCHITECTURE; THE STEEP INCLINE OF THE SEDUM MATS
COVERING THE ROOF OF THE KASTRUP PEAK LOAD PLANT IN COPENHAGEN. ABOVE THE EARTH-
SHELTERED HALF-DOME KASTRUP PEAK LOAD PLANT IS ONE OF THE LARGEST GREEN-ROOF APPLICA-
TIONS IN SCANDINAVIA.
tion. My hunch was confirmed by a report
recently presented at the World Green Roof Con
gress in London. Tobias Emilsen of the Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences completed a
comprehensive inventory of green roofs in
Malm, Swedenfrom those found on top of gar
den sheds to largescale projects like the 9,000
squaremetre, mainly residential redevelopment
of the Augustenborg district. Emilsen concluded
that there are many more green roofs being built
than people realize.
While there have always been turf roofs at
higher latitudes (and elevations), a few contem
porary green roofs have begun to appear in the
far North. For example, there is a green roof just
25 kilometres south of the Arctic Circle and min
utes away from Norways secondlargest glacier
in the town of Mo i Rana. There are also new
green roofs on the facilities surrounding the
Ice Hotel in Jukkasjrvi, Sweden (6750 N).
And currently under construction in Hamary,
Norway (at 680611 N) is the highly anticipated
Knut Hamsun Museum, designed by Steven Holl
Architects. It too will be capped with a Nor
wegian sod roof in a modern way.
1
It is exactly the awarenessor lack thereof
that has been an obstacle to the greening of Can
adian coldclimate roofs. Anyone trying to get a
green roof built in Canada has experienced first
hand the resistance to new technology. But
there is the demonstrated benefit and success of
green roofs near the Arctic Circle and elsewhere
in Nordic countries. These efforts in establishing
green roofs in colder climates can only help fos
ter and nurture our own greenroof movement so
that it too can thrive in rather than merely sur
vive our long Canadian winters. CA
Kerry Ross toured Nordic green roofs in August 2007
with the assistance of the Burwell Coon Travel Schol-
arship from the Royal Architectural Institute of Can-
ada and a leave of absence from her employer, IBI
Group in Calgary. She is a cofounder of the Alberta
Ecoroof Initiative.
1
Arctic Circle Project by Steven Holl Architects. For more
information, please visit www.earchitect.co.uk/norway/
knut_hamsun_center.htm
THIS PAGE MANY WORKERS ARE LURED TO
FORT MCMURRAY BY HIGH-PAYING JOBS,
ONLY TO FIND THEMSELVES IN SITUATIONS
LIKE THIS: PARKING A $40,000 HUMMER
NEXT TO A $400,000 TRAILER HOME.
SCRAPING FOR OIL
THE VAST RECONFIGURED LANDSCAPE OF ALBERTAS ATHABASCA
OIL SANDS IS LARGELY HIDDEN FROM VIEW, REMAINING A
MYSTERY TO DESIGNERS.
TEXT KELLY DORAN
The Province of Alberta is selling off its natural
resources. Increasingly, the provincial govern
ment is ceding enormous tracts of Crown lands
over to the interests of the oil industry. Since
1997, Alberta has leased over 26,000 square
kilometres of boreal forest for oil sands
development, an area measuring over five
times that of Prince Edward Island. This has
spurred an enormous amount of economic
investment, infrastructural construction and
internal migration to provide labour for an
industrial expansion that has radically shifted
the focus of Canadas resource economy to the
Athabasca oil sands. Oil companiesinitially
dependent on the town of Fort McMurray for
labour, housing, civic services and logistics
have begun to distance themselves from the
muchpublicized negative effects associated
with the boomtown atmosphere in this
northern Albertan community. This, coupled
with the everexpanding geographical extents
of the regions resourceextraction activities,
has created the perfect conditions for
developing privately run industrial enclaves.
Situated far from Fort McMurray, the increas
ingly outlying oil companies have effectively
adopted their own private urbanplanning
regimes, constructing their own housing,
recreational facilities, field hospitals and
private airstrips to service themselves. Ex
tremely remote, secure, and often behind
concrete Jersey barriers built at the end of
isolated gravel roads, multinational oil com
panies are increasingly in complete control of
vast expanses of the Canadian landscape.
But arguably, companies have always been in
control. Canada can be understood as a corpo
rate constructwhere land exploration and
settlement has largely been dependent upon
the activities of industrial interests. Histori
cally, our federal government has ceded its
jurisdiction and landscape to private com
panies (e.g., Hudsons Bay Company, Canadian
Pacific, INCO, Imperial Oil) in exchange for
modern infrastructure (e.g., charted rivers,
railways, reliable gravel roads, secure pipe
lines) and urbanization (e.g., forts, towns,
ports, elevators, bases). Understanding the
wholesale leasing of the oil sands as an exten
sion of this continued exchange, we should
begin asking more about the artifacts that these
companies will inevitably leave behind. What
form will the residual landscape emerging
from the excavation and terraforming of an
entire region take? How will infrastructures,
associated with the extraction and transport of
a finite resource, transition themselves for a
postoil economy? What forms of urbanization
will the industrialization of the oil sands
region generate?
ABOVE AN AERIAL PHOTO TAKEN IN 2007 OF
THE SUNCOR VOYAGEUR UPGRADER AND
LEASED TAR SANDS IN THE ATHABASCA OIL
FIELDS. RIGHT A REGIONAL MAP OF THE ATHA-
BASCA OIL SANDS ILLUSTRATES THE ORIGINS OF
THE THOUSANDS OF MIGRANT WORKERS
EMPLOYED BY THE OIL COMPANIES. MANY
WORKERS FLY DIRECTLY INTO FORT MCMURRAY
VIA CHARTERED AIRCRAFT FROM PLACES LIKE
INDIA, CHINA AND AFRICA. LEASED LANDS CUR-
RENTLY IN OPERATION ARE INDICATED IN DARK
RED, WHILE THOSE LEASED LANDS INDICATED
IN PINK HAVE ALREADY HAD THEIR OIL RIGHTS
PURCHASED BY PETROLEUM COMPANIES.
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To begin addressing these questions, it is nec
essary to understand the operational activities of
the industrial process itself. Oil sands companies
have developed an orchestrated process of activi
ties on their landscape based on emerging hydro
logical, logistical, technological and legal param
eters. Initially, while constructing the massive
upgrading facilities required to separate bitumen
from sand, the primarily forested land is gridded
off; its land deforested and cleared; its soil
drenched, drained and dried; and its roughly 10
metrethick layer of overburden is removed and
stockpiled before any mining can occur. Simul
taneously, massive holding and tailings pond em
bankments are located adjacent to the future
mines to provide the necessary fluid to lubricate
the transportation of the crushed sand, which will
then have steam pumped into it to separate the oil.
Any unfortunate byproducts of the process will be
stored in these ponds indefinitely. It is important
to understand that all of the leaseable land can be
mined and any particular parcel of land will
eventually morph from a holding pond to an 80
TOP PICKUP TRUCKS ARE PARKED OUTSIDE THE P.T.I. WORK CAMP, ONE OF THE MANY RESIDENTIAL
FACILITIES BUILT SPECIFICALLY FOR OIL WORKERS. THE LACK OF WINDOWS DOESNT SEEM TO
BOTHER MANY OF THE WORKERS, WHO PUT IN 12-HOUR DAYS, OFTEN RETURNING TO THEIR
SLEEPING QUARTERS WHEN ITS DARK. ABOVE AT THE SYNCRUDE MINE, A GIANT DUMP TRUCK CAR-
RIES ITS CARGO OFF FOR REFINEMENT. A MOUNTAIN OF SULFUR CAN BE SEEN IN THE DISTANCE, A
BYPRODUCT OF THE REFINEMENT PROCESS. ALBERTA PRODUCES 2 MILLION TONS OF SULFUR PER
YEAR FROM OIL SANDS DEVELOPMENT. RIGHT A SERIES OF DIAGRAMS INDICATE THE FUTURE PROS-
PECTS OF KEARL LAKE, A CURRENT OIL SANDS DEVELOPMENT EXPECTED TO YIELD AS MUCH AS
300,000 BARRELS OF OIL PER DAY.
metredeep surface mine to a tailings pond, which
will potentially be replanted/reclaimed when it is
no longer spatially required. The orchestration of
this process responds to adjacencies: holding
ponds are located near water sources, tailings
ponds and stockpiles are built near upgrading
locations, and surface mining constantly follows
the clearcutting of trees toward the extending
edges of development, with landscape reclamation
in its wake. As evidenced in ExxonMobils Kearl
Lake lease evolution plan, mining marches across
the lease by outflanking the original watershed to
create a landscape of total hydrological control.
Initially a landscape of creeks, rivers and a solitary
lake, the lease is programmed to morph into a
quarantined landscape of water management
LEFT COLUMN, TOP TO BOTTOM A PHOTOGRAPH OF A TAILINGS POND; THREE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS EQUATE THE AREA OF LANDMARK PARKS IN TORONTO AND
NEW YORK WITH THE AREA OF A TOXIC TAILINGS POND IN ALBERTA. RIGHT COLUMN, TOP TO BOTTOM CLEARCUTTING THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF FOREST
BEFORE THE OIL SANDS EXPLORATION BEGINS; THREE COLOUR SATELLITE IMAGES ILLUSTRATE THE COMPARABLE SIZE OF THE WOOD BUFFALO OIL SANDS
SITE WITH THE GREATER TORONTO AND NEW YORK CITY AREAS.
BELOW WHAT WAS ONCE BOREAL FOREST IS
NOW A GIANT LANDSCAPE BEING DESTROY-
ED IN THE NAME OF REFINING ALBERTAS OIL
SANDS.
areas, and the loosely defined reclaimed areas
are expected to somehow regain the ecological
characteristics they initially contained. The basic
principles of the process are thus clear; oil sands
companies will completely transform the ecologic,
topologic and hydrologic character of their entire
lease holdings.
Multiply this transformation by the number of
lease holdings and it becomes clear the entire
region surrounding Fort McMurray is undergoing
an irreversible transformation. Unfortunately,
the breadth of this longterm reality is seldom
discussed as more immediate and readily visible
ecological, social, infrastructural and govern
mental issues are at the forefront of the current
discourse on the region. Wellfounded
ecological concerns about the longterm effects
of industrial water consumption and contami
nation, wildlife habitat protection, greenhouse
gas emissions and suspect reclamation practices
are beginning to inform and organize the dirty
realities of the oil sands industry. The complex
socioeconomic problems associated with the
obscenely high wages, rental rates and costs of
living resulting in a rapid influx of labour are
only just beginning to be addressed by an
overwhelmed municipalitys civil services and oil
company protocols. Infrastructurally, the region
is completely dependent upon the narrow
banding of Highway 63, a pipeline rightofway
and the Athabasca River for the transportation of
all heavy equipment, construction supplies,
hazardous goods and labour to an expanding
archipelago of upgraders. Finally, the failure of
the federal and provincial governments to
effectively coordinate their management of the
region has permitted a rate of expansion that has
exacerbated all of the previously mentioned
issues. Somehow the region needs to begin
addressing its short and longterm futures
simultaneously.
A systemic reluctance to adopt or enforce an
effective planning framework, particularly of the
topdown variety, has permitted this collection of
selfinterested companies to set the terms and
pace of development to the Alberta provincial
government. Furthermore, the provinces
Regional Sustainable Development Strategy and
Cumulative Environmental Management
Association have failed to protect Albertas
environment from rapidly expanding oil sands.
Fortunately, oil sands companies are structured
to enable decisions free from fouryear terms;
they plan on digging in for another 60 years.
Given the fact that theyll be around much longer
than any sitting government, it's about time the
province transfers the burden of planning back
into industrial hands. Albertans should begin
demanding much more support from politicians,
not from the companies that occupy and profit
from their public holdings. Moreover, the
historical relationshipwhere industries acting
in their own self interest to invest in the con
struction of public landscapes, infrastructures
and architecturesneeds to be reconstructed.
Finally, a public that is increasingly conscious of
the brevity and economy of this development
needs to begin demanding more than watered
down royalties to ensure a sustained future for
their lands. Likewise, companies in the business
of energy ought to begin viewing their current
activities as an opportunity to situate future
alternative productions. The perception of the oil
sand industrys enormous abilities to manu
facture the landscape, rapidly lay infrastructure,
and erect architecture must transition from
destruction and catastrophe towards that of
construction and creation. Both the public and
private spheres need to begin recognizing the
immense potential implicit in the industrializa
tion of this landscape.
The ways in which oil companies operate need
to be revised. The petroleum industry has increas
ingly begun to recognize the need to cocoordi
nate mine planning, tailings storage, surface
water modelling, watershed management, land
scape design, land reclamation, and end land
uses across their various lease boundaries. In the
case of Kearl Lake, the evolution of its lease will
require multiple modifications to adapt evolving
neighbouring activities as well as ecological and
legal requirements. The current retreat and
volatility of market forces can actually help create
the conditions necessary to allow the question
ing, recalibration and modification of ongoing
operations. The illustrated fluidity of the mines
orchestral process allows for the adaptation and
augmentation of their operations to easily occur
while maintaining constant production. A co
ordinated control over an entire region could
produce a selfsustained, infrastructural land
scape capable of supporting postoil economies.
Considering this region as an archipelago of
common interests may also help redistribute Fort
McMurrays population more evenly. Inevitably,
the Athabasca oil sands will be dug up but how
ecological stewardship of this kind of petroleum
extraction will be conducted demands bigger
questions and considerations. CA
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GREEN CHEESE
PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT ARE
INTERWOVEN INTO THE DESIGN OF A NEW CHEESE FACTORY.
PROJECT FIFTH TOWN ARTISAN CHEESE FACTORY, PRINCE EDWARD COUNTY, ONTARIO
ARCHITECT LAPOINTE ARCHITECTS
TEXT LESLIE JEN
PHOTOS BEN RAHN UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED
In recent years, Ontarios Prince Edward County
has become the undisputed destination of choice
for urbanites fed up with the frantic pace of city
life. Fertile soil and the obvious appeal of the idyl-
lic pastoral landscape has made it a foodie paradise
and one of the provinces fastest-growing agri-
tourism regions. Wineries, fine restaurants, and
bed-and-breakfasts have sprouted across the
county like mushrooms after a heavy rain.
And as so many others have done, Petra Coop-
er decided to switch streams and abandon a busy
executive career in Toronto, seeking the auton-
omy and satisfaction derived from being a small-
business owner. Cooper and her husband Shawn
acquired property in Prince Edward County, and
in 2003, commissioned Francis Lapointe to
design not only a house on that land for them-
selves and their young daughter, but also an arti-
sanal cheese factory. The business was eventually
named Fifth Town Artisan Cheese Company, ref-
erencing the historic name of that particular
region of the county, as it was the fifth town to be
settled in the newly formed Upper Canada.
An easy two-hour drive from Toronto, the fac-
tory lies on a 20-acre site on the southeastern
shores of the county, overlooking a small creek
and pond. Orthogonal volumes are rendered in a
Modernist vocabulary of corrugated steel, con-
crete block and wood, and contain zones dedicat-
ed to production and delivery, aging, retail and
administration, and other ancillary functions.
Interior finishes are simple and complementary:
rough concrete-block walls contrast pleasingly
with the exposed timber roof and courtyard per-
gola, while the production area possesses a suit-
ably austere hygienically driven ambiance of
crisp white walls and stainless steel. Designed for
future expansion, the structure integrates well
with its agrarian landscape, part of a strategy that
ABOVE SITED IN THE BUCOLIC PRINCE EDWARD
COUNTY LANDSCAPE, THE EAST ELEVATION
OF THE CHEESE FACTORY INCLUDES THE TUN-
NEL ENTRANCE TO THE VIEWING AREA INTO
THE BURIED AGING CAVES.
emphasizes a harmonious relationship with the
environment in both the traditional cheese-
making process and in the building itself.
Following the model of a winery, the facility
and grounds are open to the public not only for
retail sales and tasting, but for educational pur-
poses as well. The beauty of Fifth Town is that it
effectively educates the public on how artisanal
cheese is made, but equally, it teaches people
about sustainable architecture and what it entails.
The factory is thus a didactic building, and tours
given by Lapointe himself are popular, drawing
12 tour groups of about 30 people each at Fifth
Towns opening weekend in the summer of 2008.
Making cheese is highly meticulous business,
and demands strict standards. As such, an un-
relentingly linear production process is conven-
tionally employed to avoid the contamination of
pasteurized milk by raw milk. But to fulfill the
educational mandate of ensuring that all aspects
of cheesemaking are visible to the public, signifi-
cant alterations to the traditionally linear process
(and thus plan) were made by folding over
many stages in the production process into one
contained area, separated from the retail/tasting
room only by a large, transparent triple-glazed
wall. Consequently, the manufacturing process
enjoys a high degree of visibility by the public at
all times while eliminating the risk of contamina-
tion by a non-hygienically attired public. And to
assuage the fears of skeptical governmental
authorities concerned that such a bold departure
would result in health and safety standards being
compromised, Lapointe created an extremely
detailed colour-coded people-and-product-flow
diagram to graphically illustrate that no cross-
contamination would occur and that the strictest
standards of food safety would be maintained.
A critical part of the cheesemaking process is
the aging of the precious wheels in a climate- and
humidity-controlled environment. The sight of
the carefully stacked pungent rounds in the two
underground aging caves is perhaps one of the
most compelling sights at Fifth Town. Recogniz-
ing the importance of communicating this stage
of the production process to visitors, Lapointe
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DRY GOODS
RAW MILK
PASTEURIZED MILK
CHEESE CURD
PASTEURIZED CHEESE
RAW CHEESE (unpasteurized)
AGED CHEESE
WRAPPED CHEESE
CLIENTELE
EMPLOYEES
1 LOBBY
2 SALES
3 COURTYARD
4 PUBLIC WASHROOM
5 STAIR
6 GALLERY
7 LAUNDRY
8 PRODUCTION
9 AGING CAVE 1
10 AGING CAVE 2
11 DRYING CAVE
12 CAVE VIEWING
13 WRAP ROOM
14 WALK-IN REFRIGERATOR
15 DRY STORAGE
16 SHIPPING & RECEIVING
17 JANITOR
18 UTILITY
19 BULK MILK STORAGE
20 TANK TRAILER WASH BAY
21 CONCRETE PARKING PAD
22 REFUSE ENCLOSURE
LEFT, TOP TO BOTTOM DEFINING THE EXTERIOR
COURTYARD, THE TECTONICALLY DETAILED
CANOPY DRAWS VISITORS INTO THE RETAIL
SPACE INSIDE THE BUILDING; THREE SMALL
IMAGES DESCRIBE THE LOCATION AND QUAL-
ITY OF THE BUILDINGS SITE; A COLOURED
PEOPLE-AND-PRODUCT-FLOW DIAGRAM PRO-
VIDES REASSURANCE THAT FOOD SAFETY AND
HYGIENE ARE NOT COMPROMISED.
designed a window looking into one of the caves,
accessible through a tunnel leading from the
exterior of the building. Using only fresh, locally
produced goat and sheep milk, the factory cur-
rently makes 12 different cheeses, and the aging
period ranges from 24 hours to 90 days for the
hardest cheeses.
Lapointe eagerly accepted Coopers challenge
of designing a fully sustainable building in keep-
ing with her ethos of making eco-friendly cheese
from locally produced milkfrom which their
term wholly green cheese arises. Since cheese
production is a rather energy-intensive enter-
prise, Lapointe spent countless hours research-
ing the ways in which sustainable materials and
technologies could be employed to reduce both
energy use and operating costs, and to safely treat
waste on site.
Perhaps the most significant element is the
extensive geothermal network in which big black
slinky coils are laid five feet underground in a
massive geothermal field. Ground-source geo-
thermal heat pumps both heat and cool the struc-
ture; radiant in-floor heating and cooling is
redistributed around the building according to
demand. Producing cheese requires a great deal
of refrigeration, and the geothermal system suc-
cessfully mitigates the amount of energy con-
sumed in this regard. One fine example is seen in
the aging caves which are buried underground
in a hill to guarantee consistent temperature and
humidity levels, which, along with cooling
obtained from the chilled water running through
the pipes via the geothermal heat pump, elimin-
1 ENTRY
2 CHEESE TASTING
3 COURTYARD
4 PRODUCTION
5 GALLERY
6 WRAPPING
7 SHIPPING & RECEIVING
8 DRY STORAGE
9 WALK-IN REFRIGERATOR
10 UTILITY
11 PASTEURIZATION
12 MILK RECEIVING
13 RECYCLING DEPOT
14 AGING CAVES
15 CAVE VIEWING
16 LUNCH ROOM
17 GENERAL OFFICE
18 STAFF W/C & CHANGE ROOM
19 ROOFTOP GARDEN
20 MECHANICAL MEZZANINE
21 OPEN TO BELOW
22 CAVES BELOW
F1 FUTURE HALL
F2 FUTURE PRODUCTION
F3 FUTURE AGING CAVES
F4 FUTURE TRUCK WASH BAY
EXPANSION
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F1
F2
F3
F4
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F3
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ABOVE WORKERS DEAL WITH BAGS OF GOAT
AND SHEEP MILK IN THE PRODUCTION AREA
OF THE BUILDING. ABOVE RIGHT A RENDERING
GIVES A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF THE
BUILDING IN ITS ENTIRETY, AND THE TOPO-
GRAPHIC QUALITIES OF ITS IMMEDIATE SITE.
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UPPER FLOOR
GROUND FLOOR
ates the need for expensive and energy-intensive
refrigeration equipment.
Coopers adherence to the concepts of reduce,
reuse and recycle meant that Lapointe had to find
further means of incorporating sustainable ele-
ments into the building. One such element was
the employment of Durisol as the principal con-
struction material for both load-bearing and
non-load-bearing walls above and below grade.
Durisol is essentially a type of concrete block, a
stay-in-place wall-forming system manufactured
from post-industrial waste wood chips mixed
with cement slurry. Though the cost of using
Durisol is more expensive than traditional wood-
frame or concrete-block construction, its bene-
fits are obvious. The blocks are hydroscopic and
are resistant to mold and mildew, a critical factor
in the humid environment of a cheese factory.
They are lightweight and porous with a high R
value, and when filled with a 50% slag concrete
mixture, become an excellent durable and
energy-efficient wall system.
Further renewable energy measures include the
collection of rainwater, which is stored in an
underground cistern to be used for low-flow and
dual-flush toilets. An on-site wind turbine and
photovoltaic panels produce 10% of the buildings
electrical needs; Bullfrog Power, a producer of
green power, supplies the rest. Consequently,
Fifth Town has reduced its annual CO
2
emissions
ABOVE WHEELS OF CHEESE REST ON RACKS IN
ONE OF THE AGING CAVES. BELOW, LEFT TO RIGHT
HUGE GEOTHERMAL COILS ARE LAID FIVE FEET
UNDERGROUND IN A MASSIVE GEOTHERMAL
FIELD; BLOCKS OF DURISOLMANUFACTURED
FROM RECYCLED WASTE WOOD AND FILLED
WITH 50% SLAG CONCRETEARE ASSEMBLED
ON SITE; THE UNDERGROUND TUNNEL AND
AGING CAVES DURING CONSTRUCTION.
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by an estimated 29 tons. In fact, the building uses
67% less energy than a similarly sized facility,
saving nearly $10,000 per year in energy costs.
One critical element in the cheesemaking pro-
cess is what to do with the liquid waste whey
byproduct. After a significant amount of research
into sustainable solutions to this very issue,
Lapointe developed a constructed wetland into
which excess whey, sanitary waste and produc-
tion wash water are disposed. Biochemically,
each waste streams nutrients work to break
down the other to form a neutral end product that
is not harmful to the environment. The waste
products are thus effectively treated directly on
site, and save Cooper nearly $5,000 per year in
disposal fees.
In fulfilling the projects educational mandate,
one additional feature will offer valuable infor-
mation to visitors and staff alike. Currently, inter-
active digital screens are being programmed and
installed in the facility to provide information
about the cheesemaking process and about the
environmental features of the building itself. As
such, constant updates on Fifth Towns functions
and energy consumption/production will be avail-
able in real time, sourced from 120 separate con-
trols located at different points throughout the
factory.
The project has earned a sufficient number of
points to achieve LEED Gold status, but both cli-
ent and architect are currently awaiting word on
whether or not it meets the standard for LEED
Platinum certification. There is a good chance
that it will. Certainly, the highest possible stan-
dards of sustainability have been applied to the
Fifth Town Artisan Cheese Factory, and these
CLIENT FIFTH TOWN ARTISAN CHEESE CO.
ARCHITECT TEAM FRANCIS LAPOINTE, PAUL DOLICK, KATHY KURTZ,
MICHAEL DEL PUERTO
STRUCTURAL BLACKWELL BOWICK PARTNERSHIP LTD.
MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL ENERMODAL ENGINEERING
LANDSCAPE ROGER TODHUNTER ASSOCIATES
INTERIORS LAPOINTE ARCHITECTS
CONSTRUCTED WETLAND AQUA TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CONTRACTOR K. KNUDSEN CONSTRUCTION LTD.
GROUND FLOOR AREA 430 M
2

BUDGET $2 M
COMPLETION JULY 2008
0 25 SECTIONS
1 ENTRY
2 TASTING
3 CONSUMPTION
4 PRODUCTION
5 WRAPPING
6 REFRIGERATION
7 UTILITY
8 AGING
9 VIEWING
10 MEETING
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efforts have been rewarded with positive recep-
tion from the public as well as the design and
construction industry. In the past few months,
the building has received three awards: the Wood-
WORKS! Green Building Wood Design Award,
the Design Exchange Staff Choice Award, and the
Ontario Concrete Architectural Merit Award.
This is not to say that the product is over-
shadowed by the building. In fact, four of Fifth
Towns cheeses won awards at the recent Royal
Agricultural Winter Fair Cheese Competition in
Torontothree first-prize ribbons and one
Grand Champion title. The facility has estab-
lished partnerships with regional wineries and
restaurants, and welcome approximately 1,000
visitors per week. Clearly, the enterprise is wildly
successful and sales are strong, to the point that
Fifth Town cant supply all the regional restau-
rants that desire their product. The present focus
is on their own retail operation and on supplying
an array of cheeses to specialty gourmet shops in
Toronto and surrounding area.
Luckily, the building was designed with expan-
sion in mind, and the generous site permits the
extension of the factory in all directions to
include more production areas, aging caves and
retail space. Currently, more retail space is the
most pressing issue because of the high demand
for not only cheese but accessory gourmet items
that are also sold in the shop, such as cookbooks
and cutting boards. Coopers ambitions include
the eventual provision of cheesemaking courses,
and even extend so far as to incorporating larger
spaces in the facility for weddings, banquets and
other functions.
Ultimately, this project represents a labour of
love, a partnership between client and architect
predicated on a shared vision, commitment and
dedication to the ideals of environmental and
social responsibility, the promotion of traditional
artisanal methods and regional practices, and the
enlightenment of the public. The fruits of their
labours are unequivocally satisfying. CA
ABOVE VARIOUS CHEESE PRODUCTS ARE SOLD
TO THE PUBLIC IN THE RETAIL AREA. BECAUSE
OF FIFTH TOWNS POPULARITY, THE SPACE
ALREADY BEGS FOR EXPANSION.
British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec Atlantic Provinces
www. v i c wes t . c om
Re s i de n t i a l
Co mme r c i a l
I nd u s t r i a l
Ag r i c u l t ur a l
When you need to achieve LEED
certification
Vicwest has the products and technical teams to
help you tackle the most challenging sustainable
building designs. For a range of metal building
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L E E D
G O L D
Congratulations to
Macdonald Zuberec
Ensslen Architects Inc.
- St. Catharines, ON for
achieving LEED
Gold
for this project.
A metamorphosis of
beauty and excellence
PRACTICE
ABOVE, LEFT TO RIGHT ADVANCE STRATEGIES WORKPLACE ANALYSIS CREATED
THE CISCO BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS INNOVATION CENTRE IN
TORONTO WHERE CLIENTS ARE PROVIDED WITH HANDS-ON, INTER-
ACTIVE EXPERIENCES THAT HIGHLIGHT THE ADVANTAGES OF CONVER-
GING VOICE, VIDEO AND DATA ONTO A SINGLE IP NETWORK; AT THE
CISCO TORONTO TOUCHDOWN SPACE, THE MAIN WAITING AREA IN
THE FIELD SALES OFFICE AND CLIENT BRIEFING CENTRE PROVIDES SEAT-
ING AND ACCESS TO PART OF CISCOS IT NETWORK, WHILE DISPLAYING
CURRENT MEDIA CAMPAIGNS.
THINKING IN ADVANCE
A DIVISION OF ONE OF THE WORLDS LARGEST ARCHITECTURE FIRMS, HOK
ADVANCE STRATEGIES WORKS WITH CLIENTS TO ALIGN THEIR BUSINESS
STRATEGIES WITH THEIR WORKPLACE AND REAL-ESTATE REQUIREMENTS TO
INCREASE EFFICIENCY AND COMPETITIVENESS.
TEXT IAN CHODIKOFF
Being able to master change is as important for architecture firms as it is for
the business world, but it requires a certain degree of foresight and patience.
Results dont happen overnight. HOK is one architecture firm that recog
nizes the need to proactively evolve its business to remain competitive.
Founded in 1955, HOK is one of the largest architectural firms in the world,
with over 2,500 staff and a network of 25 offices. The firm certainly prides
itself on being a leader in fostering a learning and collaborative working
environment for its members. To capitalize on its knowledge base and colla
borative spirit, HOK has developed its own consulting group. Known as
Advance Strategies, this specialized multidisciplinary group was launched in
1988 and operates in several of their offices. Advance Strategies begins its
relationship with the client at the front end of the projects life cycle, hence
the term advance strategies. The consultancy is comprised of professionals
who specialize in areas ranging from business and organizational strategy to
facilities planning, and from workplace solutions to realestate portfolio
management and financial analysis. Not surprisingly, the core group is made
up of architects who work with their clients complex business challenges.
Advance Strategies typically works with larger organizations such as major
financial and hightech companies, but they also work with clients like
municipalities, healthcare facilities, and smaller creative enterprises.
Canadian Architect recently held a discussion with three members of the
Advance Strategies groupBill Mitchell, Rob Sannella and Beverly Horii
who provided insight into the rationale behind the kind of specialized
services that Advance Strategies provides. Based in Ottawa, Bill Mitchell is
President and Practice Leader for the Canadian office of Advance Strategies.
Both Rob Sannella and Beverly Horii are from the Toronto office of Advance
Strategies. Sannella is Senior Strategic Planning Consultant and Horii is Vice
President, Specialist and Practice Leader. Horii leads major facilities
programming, strategic planning, and workplace projects for corporate,
public and institutional clients. Her diverse background includes interior
design, architecture, furniture design and sustainable design. Prior to
joining HOK this past summer, she held senior positions with B+H Archi
tects, Teknion, and the CIBC Development Corporation.
Advance Strategies has developed some specialized processes beyond what
many large architectural firms in North America are capable of achieving. Part
of its success in offering such specialized services is due to HOKs vast re
sources which enable it to create a sophisticated network considered by many
of its employees to be an invaluable learning opportunity and knowledge
sharing platform. The internal HOK network helps them counter a systemic
problem in the design industrytraditional architectural services are increas
ingly viewed as a commodity, limiting the premium that can be charged. Con
sequently, firms are unable to reinvest sufficient capital into ongoing staff
education. Sannella admits that clients who appreciate his firms abilities to
invest in lectures, conferences, and classes often hire HOK because they
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recognize the firms active learning environment.
But it still takes a certain amount of strategic
thinking to leverage the high degree of knowledge
and specialization found inside the HOK network,
and to translate what goes on inside the organiza
tion to attract the interest of new clients. Since
joining Advance Strategies last July, Horii has been
focused on business development for the Canadian
market, convincing new and potential clients to
work with her firm to save them money on their
realestate portfolios. At HOK, Horii believes that
she is now in a position to operate more strategi
cally in the Canadian market, whereas before, even
the most successful of the large locally based firms
could only respond to clients and conditions in a
tactical way and one project at a timewith limited
sharing of information between design profession
als within the organization.
Advance Strategies is, in some ways, an evolu
tionary offshoot of HOKs longestablished
problemseeking design methodology. Since the
firms inception in 1955, HOK has distinguished
itself in its programming acumen. The firm's
book, Problem Seeking: An Architectural Program
ming Primer, is used to systematically organize
projectrelated information into a fivestep
process. Most HOK employees swear by Problem
Seeking and use the famous index cardsized
snow cards to collect data from their clients and
build consensus. The problemseeking process is
divided into five steps: 1) what are your goals?
2) what are your facts? 3) what are the givens in
every project? 4) how do we test these concepts?
and 5) how do we develop the needs of the client?
This process was created to solve a design prob
lem, whether it relates to a lack of space or to the
client's dilemma of owning rather than leasing a
building. According to Sannella, It is a great tool
to get the project kicked off, ensuring that weve
been asking the right questions and documenting
all the information to move on to the next step.
As for the breakdown of HOK Advance Stra
tegies scope of services, it is comprised of five
main areas: 1) real estate, 2) workplace solutions,
3) facility planning, 4) tools and technology, and
5) change management.
Realestate strategy helps define the broader
goals of a portfolio, making sure that it aligns with
the clients business strategies. Realestate
strategy includes building condition assessments,
site conditions, and capital improvements. It can
also include the ramifications of mergers and
acquisitions or corporations who want to better
manage their exposure to risk, thereby adding
value to their realestate holdings.
The workplace solutions approach will re
search and determine how space is allocated. It
might examine new concepts and strategies
associated with staffing and management, or
create a work environment that can move an
organization from a hierarchybased structure to
one thats more performancefocused. An
example of how HOK Advance Strategies under
takes workplace solution strategy assessment was
when they conducted a benchmarking study of
workplace standards across various sectors in
North America. Through their research, it was
discovered that European and Asian workplace
standards are tinybasically comprised of 5 x 5
workstations. Workplace strategy is important.
We know that the workplace is 50% empty all of
the time. The reality is that everyone needs to
leverage and take advantage of their space. They
cant afford to leave their space empty, notes
Mitchell. With the economy in a recession,
combined with an increasing number of people
working remotely or at home, this means that the
ability to think holistically about staffing and real
estate is essential. The mobile workforce is
leading to an increasing amount of real estate
that is sitting empty, costing our clients a lot of
money, notes Sannella. Retaining staff, along
with promoting an effective work/life balance is
not just an economic challenge, but an architec
tural one as well.
The third type of service offered at Advance
Strategies focuses on facility planning, which
might include assessments of existing buildings,
or site analyses for new buildings. Advance
Strategies has used its experience in program
ming and data analysis to engage in early vision
ing and scenarioplanning sessions right through
to occupancy planning, and postoccupancy
evaluations. Sometimes we dont want architects
on our project team because they will want to
jump to the solution. We want to make sure that
we know what the problems are before we look at
the solutions, remarks Sannella. Mitchell makes
another important point: For many designers,
the passion is in the design, so they want to get to
the design stage and may not be as diligent in the
programming stage because for them, design is
the focus. Because interior projects have rela
tively quick turnaround times, the actual amount
of time devoted to programming is limited. As a
result, Mitchell and his firm have a group of
specialists that work on programming issues all
the time. His priority is to ensure that his clients
are able to make the right realestate decisions
ABOVE HOK ADVANCE STRATEGIES WORKS WITH CLIENTS TO HELP ALIGN THEIR BUSINESS STRAT-
EGIES WITH THEIR REAL ESTATE, FACILITIES, AND WORKPLACES TO EFFECTIVELY MASTER CHANGE.
THESE DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATE SOME OF ADVANCE STRATEGIES METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND CON-
SENSUS-BUILDING.
that align with their longterm strategies, and
reminds us that whatever you do up front relates
to what you will do in future.
The next step in the Advance Strategies deliv
ery process comprises the implementation of
various tools and technology solutions. Some of
these tools are quite extensive and are especially
useful to HOKs larger clients who may already
have a fairly extensive IT infrastructure with ana
lytical tools such as portfolio development and
implementation software. The last component of
Advance Strategies service includes change
management, which helps clients increase their
effectiveness in computational analyses relating
to their organization.
The work for the City of Ottawa provides a good
example of where Advance Strategies was brought
aboard early on in the clients planning process.
Mitchells initial work for the City began with a
benchmarking study to compare the Citys work
stations with other municipalities and corpora
tions. Then, his group assessed the 13 municipal
buildings, establishing a strategy to see whether
or not the City could shift its municipal functions
from the suburbs into more urban areas. Finan
cial analysis was then conducted to determine
other costsaving areas. Mitchell looked at the
design guidelines for the three sites, reinventing
the client's portfolio and saving $3 to 4 million
per year on lease costs alone. When the entire life
cycle of the project was completed, the client was
ready to procure design services from several
design firms. Currently, the City of Ottawa is
going back to Mitchell to find new ways of improv
ing its sustainability quotient and to further
reduce its costs.
If Advance Strategies conducts a facilities
assessment or develops a realestate strategy to
determine whether a new building is necessary
for the client to maximize efficiency or a real
estate portfolio, they might recommend that their
client either build or do nothing. Were trying to
act as the impartial assessor and then offer
multiple solutions, says Horii. Having provided
the client with the necessary information to put
out a request for proposal, the client is then free
to take that information and procure services
from a variety of architectural companies. But
Advance Strategies doesn't always expect an
architectural commission from their consultation
services. Sannella points out that there is a
mutual benefit in hiring the firm for the design
phase, if one is needed. We understand the
clients business and so going into design imple
mentation means that there is no learning
curve, he says. Obviously, they would like to be
hired for followup implementation (i.e., to
design a new building) but they fully realize that
it is not necessary to push a client if they have
already built a relationship of trust.
Architects might ask themselves what makes
HOK Advance Strategies so unique. Doesnt every
firm undertake some form of planning and needs
assessment? And dont several brokerage firms
undertake their own realestate analyses? While
various components of the Advance Strategies
service are currently being offered by other firms
in areas such as architecture, facilities planning,
insurance and real estate, Mitchell feels that
clients simply dont want to deal with multiple
consultants. There are benefits to operating
under one service umbrella, and clients appreci
ate the seamless process of working with Advance
Strategies from initial workplace strategy to the
design of a new building. Horii adds that it is
going to be difficult for an 80100 person office
to develop a robust multipronged business
model like that of Advance Strategies. While it is
conceivable that some of the larger firms in
Canada might specialize in workplace solutions,
being an expert in all five services would demand
a considerable rampingup of resources. As
Mitchell reminds us, You have to be committed
to becoming an expert and to knowing that your
service has a value attached to it. It is not a front
end throwaway service. Learning from Advance
Strategies, architects can perhaps think about
how to better value and monetize the services
they provide to their clients, at all stages in the
consultation process. CA
Toronto Community Housing, Canadas largest provider of social
housing, and one of Torontos largest residential developers
is pleased to invite architectural firms to submit general pre-
qualification information to be used for selection of design teams
to undertake the various housing and city-building initiatives on
our agenda.
Environmentally sustainable design, architectural excellence,
and building great neighbourhoods are hallmarks of Toronto
Community Housings development projects.
Request for Pre-Qualifications
Architectural Services: Design Work
Pre-qualifications are requested in three types of assignments:
Large-site residential complex inc uding master plan and/or
buildings over 100,000 sqft
Small residential buildings, townhouses and full building
renovations under 100,000 sqft, including infill projects
Non-residential institutional/recreational facilities
Interested firms should download the Request for Pre-
Qualifications from Toronto Community Housings website:
http://www.torontohousing.ca and click on Business Opportunities
Deadline for submissions: January 29, 2009
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PRODUCT & LITERATURE SHOWCASE
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
THESE, AND ADDITIONAL LIST-
INGS OF CANADIAN AND INTER-
NATIONAL EVENTS, PLEASE VISIT
www.canadianarchitect.com
Actions: What You Can Do With
the City
November 26, 2008-April 19, 2009
This exhibition at the CCA in Mon
treal is comprised of 97 actions that
instigate positive change in con
temporary cities around the world.
The show features international
contemporary architectural pro
jects, design concepts, and research
conveyed through architectural
drawings, photographs, videos,
publications, artifacts and websites.
www.cca-actions.org
NOXON: Court Noxon, Archi-
tect and Industrial Designer
December 3, 2008-January 31, 2009
This exhibition takes place at the
Dominion Modern Gallery in Toron
to. The show celebrates Canadian
architect and industrial designer
Court Noxon and the immense cata
logue of work he produced for his
company Metalsmiths from 1954 to
1982. Noxon not only worked among
people like Jan Kuypers and Leif
Jacobsen, he made components for
major furniture houses including
Knoll and Laverne, while selling
furniture of his own design across
the country and abroad.
www.dominionmodern.ca
imm cologne
January 19-25, 2009 This event fea
tures top exhibitors, international
design stars, creative newcomers
and a glittering array of unique
events. imm cologne, the worlds
leading furnishing fair, brings
together the whole range of inter
national design under one roof.
www.imm-cologne.com
International Roofing Expo
February 3-5, 2009 Taking place at
the Mandalay Bay Convention
Center in Las Vegas, this event fea
tures 500 exhibiting companies
filling 1,100 booths with the latest
innovative styles, trends and
cuttingedge technologies. The
educational conference features a
multitrack educational program,
including technical, green and
workplace safety classes, as well as
businessrelated sessions such as
leadership/management, legal/HR,
money matters, sales and service,
and general business.
www.theroofingexpo.com
2009 Interior Design Show
February 5-8, 2009 Canadas largest
contemporary design event features
keynote speakers such as Belgian
designers/artists Studio Job, Parisian
designer Christophe Delcourt and
Dutch architect Ben van Berkel of
UNstudio. The annual Concept Spaces
feature presents a range of diverse de
sign disciplines in 5X5: 5 designers, 5
inspired spaces. Six innovative Cana
dian designers including Munge//
Leung and Giannone Petricone Asso
ciates present installations utilizing
Swarovski crystals, and a number of
insightful and educational seminars
will be offered as well as the newest in
design from 300 Canadian and inter
national exhibitors.
www.interiordesignshow.com
Laboratory of Architecture/
Fernando Romero
February 28-May 31, 2009 The first
monographic exhibition dedicated
to the work of Fernando Romero and
his Mexico Citybased practice, LAR
(Laboratory of Architecture), will be
on view in the Heinz Architectural
Center at the Carnegie Museum of
Art in Pittsburgh. In the show, inno
vative designs for two dozen projects
will be presented together with
largescale photographs and an
analysis of Mexico City that will help
to situate the work in context. Rom
ero will deliver a lecture on February
27, 2009 at 6:00pm, which will be
followed by a reception.
www.cmoa.org
Surface Image
March 2, 2009 Torben Berns, Planet
ary Society Visiting Professor in
Architecture presents this lecture at
6:00pm in Room G10 of McGill Uni
versitys MacdonaldHarrington
Building in Montreal.
www.mcgill.ca/architecture/lectures/
CALENDAR
BACKPAGE
ABOVE HOUSE OF PROMISES (2008) IS AN 84 X 28 LAMBDA PRINT
ABSTRACTING A 19TH-CENTURY CONSERVATORY. BOTTOM COMPLETED IN
2006 AND INSTALLED ON A DERELICT TRAIN PLATFORM, TERMINAL IS A
9 X 500 PHOTOSCREEN-ON-ORGANZA INSTALLATION THAT BILLOWS IN
THE WIND, ACCENTUATING THE ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL ARCHITEC-
TURE.
CLEARLY INVISIBLE
MONTREAL-BORN ARTIST PENELOPE STEWARTS PHOTOGRAPHY AND
INSTALLATION WORK EXPOSES THE CONTRADICTIONS IN BOTH ART AND
ARCHITECTURE.
TEXT ANDREW KING
PHOTOS PENELOPE STEWART
The point of convergence between architecture and the visual arts is some-
times a very muddy place, with misunderstanding, misappropriation and
misinterpretation occurring in both directions, and often simultaneously.
It is refreshing, then, to find a body of work that engages architecture in all
its nuanced depth while remaining firmly embedded in its own art-making
milieu. Penelope Stewart has been immersed in an admirably transdisci-
plined, critically recognized art practice for over two decades. In her words,
she is fixated on invisible architecture. She is concerned with the simultan-
eity of what is usually seen as binary tensions: architecture and ornament,
nature and culture, real and imaginary, visible and invisible, absence and
presence. These tensions are what collectively give architecture its power.
Much of Stewarts work is photography-based. The photographs them-
selves are powerful and evocative, usually concerned with the articulated orna-
mental detail or composition. Once created, they are generally not left to them-
selves. They are manipulated through inversion, projection, printing and
installation, and usually operate within in a much larger in situ work that
also engages space, materiality, the body and most importantly, the senses.
Stewarts work is most interesting when the fragmented photographic
details are magnified and transposed onto scrim-like material and inserted
into a gallery or installation setting. These pieces reconfigure existing
spaces through the creation of temporary, mobile architectural interven-
tions, superimposing ephemeral structures within existing conditions. The
works implicitly question normative architectural ideas about scale, se-
quence and tectonic composition while embedding themselves into mean-
ingful space that a nuanced architecture can rarely achieve.
A poetic iteration of this work is Terminal (2006), installed on a derelict
train platform in Buffalo, New York. The work weaves a nine-foot-high
piece of photo-printed cloth through the columns of the platform for over
500 feet. It is loosely attached and engages with the prevailing winds to
complete its form. The tension between materials (the silk organza scrim
and the found and corroding iron) placed in the context of a moribund
architecture project presents a surprising optimism through recalibrated
perceptions and expectations.
A more ambitious work altogether is Stewarts Genius Loci. This is a large
body of photo-based inquiry, spanning several years and several distinct
projects. The work implicates the glasshouses and conservatories of the
19th and 20th centuries. Stewart refers to them as Barthesian sites of loss
and desire, which basically explains the complex tension between the uto-
pian and modernist intentions, and the explicit and implicit ornamentality
they often exhibit. This is fertile ground for an artist interested in contra-
diction in both art and architecture.
The dialogue between art and architecture is increasingly complex. It is a
worthwhile endeavour when each discipline is mutually understood and the
relationship mutually beneficial. It is at its best when both art and architec-
ture are fascinated with each other, thereby bringing about gentle and
nuanced lessons. Penelope Stewart offers us such lessons. CA
Penelope Stewart has upcoming exhibitions at CEPA Gallery in Buffalo, NY; Muse
de Joliette in Joliette, Quebec; CraftACT Design Museum in Canberra, Australia;
and the York Quay Gallery at Harbourfront Centre in Toronto. Stewart is repre-
sented by Edward Day Gallery in Toronto. Andrew King is a practitioner and edu-
cator currently teaching at McGill Universitys School of Architecture and Carleton
Universitys Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism.
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