THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Olubunmi & Pongpak

What is the digestive system?

Digestion is the chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily able to be taken into a blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones.

Stage 1:
Organs: mouth, tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus.

The food first enters the mouth As you are chewing your food, it breaks into smaller pieces and are being covered by saliva. Saliva comes from the salivary glands, which contain salivary amylase (an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food). The food bits are then turned into small, round balls called bolus ,which will be going down the esophagus. The esophagus is a long tube of muscle which the food will pass through. The organs: mouth, tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus.

Stage 2:
Organs: stomach, liver

As the food descends down the esophagus, it enters into the stomach by the action of peristalsis.
The stomach then produces gastric acid, which will trigger the protein digestion. The protein digestion removes proteins from the food molecules. The liver then removes the rest of the nutrients from the food molecules.

Stage 3:
Organs: pancreas, small intestine, large

intestine, rectum

The food then digests and turns into a thick liquid called chyme. Chyme then mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas. It then passed though the small intestine; when it is fully digested, it enters the colon (large intestine). The colon pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon.

The rest of the waste then enters the rectum and out your butt as fetus (poop).

Avoiding digestive disorders

Healthy eating habits and regular exercise are important for keeping your digestive system healthy.

Consume plenty of fiber Limit fatty foods Eat moderately Plan meals for a time when you can relax Drink water Get regular exercise

Food safety
To avoid food borne illnesses, it is very important to prepare and store food properly.

Food borne illnesses result from consuming food or drink that contains either a poison or a disease-causing microorganism.

Diseases can occur:

When food is undercooked When raw food touches cooked food When people preparing food transfer the organisms onto their hands/utensils to the food

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