PROBLEM to Be SOLVED by Converting GASOLINE
Into ELECTRICITY
CAR of
the FUTURE
A
LL glass enclosed, power plant at point ot
power application, driven from anywhere by
a small control board, no clutch, gears,
transmission, gear shift lever (that's not a prophe-
cy, there is a magnetic-drive now that eliminates
those four nuisances)—will sit low, have a small
clearance, ride easily over perfect roads, carry
BO spare tires because possessing pnnctureless or
airless tires, have no exterior or interior excres-
cences and cost—like those of today, just whatever
your pocketbook can afford to pay and a little bit
more—that's the automobile of the immediate
future C. H. Claufiy describes in the Scientific
American.
Any one who has considered the rapid develop-
ment of the automobile will not he surprised, but
interested, in Mr. CHaudy's predict?*™?
"The automobile of the future," says Mr. C!aa-
fly, "will be weather tight. The open car, the so-
called 'touring model' -will never be as popular in
the future as it has been in the past. Of course
there will always be as many, if not more, body
models in the future as now, but they will all tend
toward one standard, just as most of the models
today tend toward the standard touring, roadster
or limousine bodies. And this standard model will
be a. weather-proof affair. Probably it will be ail
glass sides, front, rear and roof. The entire trend
of the industry runs from clumsiness to refiae'-
ment, and the present styles of bodies, modelled
from long practice on the precedents of hundreds
of years of coach building, are far too clumsy to
live.
"The glass sides will come down, of course, for
warm weather. Curtains inside will keep out glare,
and a roof curtain will keep off sun when shade
is wanted. But frames, instead of being of heavy
wood or metal, will approximate the framing now
used on the most modern glass showcases, if
malleable glass is ever made, the frame may be
dispensed with, but nobody has discovered mallea-
ble glass, to date."
Mr. Claudy points out a very radical change in
the future car. "The power plant of the car of the
uot-too-near future," he says, "will be under the
body and on or near the rear axle. A thousand
gasoline engineers are about to arise and call me
wicked names, and tell me it can't be done. I dare
say it can't—with a gasoline engine. But who said
gine?
"There is at least one brand new development
In the steam car field, which does this very thing
"—puts the power plant where it belongs,'close to
the rear axle, thus dispensing with the long shaft,
the universals and their likelihood of breaking
and weaving out, and their power loss. Electric
automobiles of the present all have their power
plants on or near the point of power application.
One truck, which drives from all four wheels, and
at' least one front drive pleasure car, show that
some engineers appreciate the real mechanical
need of putting the source of power and the place
where the power is applied as close together, not
as far apart, as possible.
"If, as seems reasonable to suppose, the great-
est of all power problems is finally solved—if we
ever learn to dev.elop the powers in gasoline, alco-
hol, kerosene, explosives, coal—wherever latent
power is—directly into electricity, then there can
he no question as to where the power plant will be.
To get electricity from coal now we have to burn
It, and turn it into heat, use the heat to make
water vapor, which has mechanical movement, use
the mechanical movement of the steam to drive a
turbine or a piston and the resulting rotation to
turn a generator—after which we take out about
10 per cent, electrical energy for every hundred
per cent, in the coal. We do better with gasoline,
because we turn it directly into meeh'anical yover
In the cylinders of our cars. Some day we'll turn
It directly into electrical energy—and the perfect
motor will arrive."
Mr. Claudy suggests other possibilities besides
electricity—kerosene, alcohol, crude oil, some un-
known fuel—any or all, he says, may be de-
veloped in the future as rapidly as the internal
combustion engine of today has grown.
"The car of the future won't leave anything to
be done hy man nower," says this write*. "la two
or three years foot brakes will be things ot the
past except on cheap cars. Why should a man
exert muscle to stop a car any more than to start
It. In the future the car with the steering wheel
•will be as obsolete as the car with the hand pump
for gas or oil is today!
"The first automobile bca an engine to pull the
car, a-man to start the engine, a man to stop the
car, a man to pump, the gasoline, a man to turn
To DESTROY the POISON IVY Pest
T HE cheapest and most effective method of
eliminating poison ivy, acrording to experts
of the U. S. department of a?riculture, is the
eimple one of rooting up the plaats and destroy-
ing them. II the poison ivy i<s in iars<> flplds it
may he necessary to plough and cultivate the
land. Ivy on large trees, stone walls and build-
Ings can be killed by arsenate of soda, at the rate
of two pounds to ten gallons o£ water. Two or
three applications are sufficient
The fall of the year is the safest lime to
handle poison ivy, because at that time the 330
turn pollen are oat ol tts pluzt. With the <-r.foi«
PI due care, the use of overalls and gacntleted
gloves will enable most individuals to deal with
the plant without danger. A further protectioa
"The New Car Will Be All Glass-Enclosed and Controlled Entirely by a Set of Push
Buttons. It Will Have No Clutch, Gears or Transmission, Will Sit Low, Have Small
Clearance and Punctureless Tires."
down the oiler, a man to pump the tires, a maa
to fill the oil lamps and a man to light them. It
was the same man, but the point is the engine
didn't do anything hut pull htm around. He had
to attend to all the rest of it himself.
"Today the engine- supplies power for lights,
power to start itself, power to pump up tires, pow-
er to pump its own oil, and power to putup its own.
gasoline.
"What is next? Power to stop itself, of course!
And here we are. on solid ground, for the vacuum
brake, -svhich uses engine power to create suction
and air pressure to apply brakes, is flready on the
market. So is an electrical brake, which uses the
stored engine energy in the battery to wind a cable
on a drum and ,iuts so much pressure on the brake
bands that the best practice is to keep them thor-
oughly oiled.
"The car of the future will have no such thing
as a 'driver's seat.' All the seats in the car save
the rear one, wfll be moveable. Driving will be
done from a small control board, which can be
held in the lap. It wjll be connected to the
mechanism by a flexible electric cable. A small
finger lever, not a wheel, will guide the car. An-
other will attend to speed changes, buttons will
light and warm the car, blow the horn, apply the
brakes—everything. The driver win sit right or
AID FOR KNITTERS
E VERY woman, and girl who at present is in-
dustriously plying her needles in "doing her
bit" to provide comfort for some soldier or
sailor, do not always find a pair of willing hands
outstretched to hold the yarn which must be
wound, but if there is a cricket in the family each
little contrivances," says a writer in Forecast, "can
be taken apart and put away when it is not in use,
find is small enoush to accommodate itself to any
The Yarn Cricket.
table, or even a chair or the floor. Some women
stretch tbe yarn upon its wooden arms and knit
directly from it without stopping to wind. It is
practically everlasting and makes a very accept-
able gift to grandma, mother, sister or whoever la
knitting among one's friends. It may be made of
polished hard wood.
"The cup in the centre can be used to hold the
ball of yarn after it is wound. When used for
this purpose the yarn holders may be detached,
leaving just the standard and the cup. The yarn-
holders have each a concealed spring which gives
them an elasticity almost like living hands."
Producing BLISTERS by HYPNOTISM
T HAT blisters can actually be produced on the
skin by means of hypnotic suggestion alona
is the clarim made by Dr. J. Arthur Hadfield,
temporary surgeon,*R. X, describing some recent
experiments in the London Lancet.
Catting tbe consent of a seaman patient at the
Royal Naval Hospital, Chatham, to try the experi-
is to grease the hands with lard and after the
plants have been handled to wash the hands with
strong alkaline soap.
Tiliautc aznounis of non-volatile oil 1n poison
ivy is what makes it cause extensive inflamma-
tion. A'rnhol or a solution of sugar of lead
will remove this oil; it is insoluble In water. la
cases o' poisoning, one of the most effective
methods is to cleanse the inflamed surface re-
peatedly with alcohol, or with a saturated sola*
tion of sugar of lead in alcohol, using a fresh
bit of lint or absorbent cotton each time to pre-
vent the spread of the irritant. Covering the' in-
f^T*o>l parts with lint, or absorbent cotton kept
constantly moist with limewater or with a sat-
urated solution of bicarbonate of soda will afford
relief.
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A BREEZELESS
ELECTR1G FAN
left as he pleas.es or even, on country roads, 03
the rear seat. Driving will be, then, what it ought
to be, a mental, not a physical, exercise."
As a basis of fact for the foregoing prediction
Mr. Claudy points to the push button electric gear
shift which displaces the manual work of moving
around a set of gears, and does the labor electrl-
v.euiy, '..I'.?. i.n.cr£7 stored in the storag0 batter* by
the engine. "Of course." says Mr. Claudy, "the car
SAND SHOES
BRITISH troops while campaigning in the Sinai
desert, in Palestine, were reported to have
found a way of making their feet as sand-
worthy as the camel's hy adopting the principle of
the snowshoe. By -weaving a stiff network ot
heavy wire and attaching it to their shoes, they
Toe Sand Shoes
Resemble
Wire Traps.
were enabled to travel over the finest desert sand
without sinkine ankle-deep in it.
Those who have tried to do so, say that it 13
physically impossible for a man to walk; over
desert sand for more than two days with ordinary
shoes. At tha end of that time the toes and heels
become painfully inflamed and the skin comes off.
MOBILIZING
T
HE government's newest recruit is the bee.
Every effort is being made to double the
f
production of honey in this country this
year. Emissaries of the agricultural department
are calling meetings of beekeepers in almost
every state to urge the.necessity of increasing tha
amount of honey raised.
The reason for this propaganda is that the
country is experiencing a serious shortage in
sugar. It may seem like a remote contingency
that honey should have to be substituted for
sugar in sweetening the nation's tea and coffee,
as well as for making its' cakes and pies. Never-
theless the agricultural department looks upon
this as a possibility which must oe foreseen.
Hence the energy now being displayed to work
the bees overtime.
Honey is really a much more important prod-
uct than most people realize. Nearly 300,000,-
000 pounds are made by the bees in the United
States every year and yet that amount does not
meet the present o>xnand. Within the past few
ment, Dr. Hadfield hypaotized lha man and then
suggested to him that his arm was being touched
with a red hot Iron and that a blister would form
on the spot. The arm was then covered with a
bandage pinned on with a safety-pin, and the pin
was sealed with sealing wax to make certain that
the arm could not be interfered with in any way.
The patient was watched contianously by nurses
till next morning, when, in the presence of three
surgeons, the aeal was broken and the bandage
removed, showing a small blister on the chosen
spot This gradually developed dorin£ the day to
form a large bleb with an area of inflammation
around.
In two other experiments the skin was actually
touched with a red hot iron. In the first instance
the surgeon suggested that there would be no pain
and in the second that there would be the usual
£o£i of a bli?t«r. Tito first blister was perfectly
x
painless, bad practically no area of inflammation
aroand it, and healed very rapidly. The second
blister iras painful from the first, was surrounded
by a reddened area and took longer to heal.
From tbe fact that the blister which was ren-
dered painless by hypnotism healed so quickly,
Dr. Hadfield suggests that hypnosis, by rendering
>»ou&Js asd certain psinfu} conditions, such as
pleurisy, less painful, might with advantage be
made part of the treatment of such condtions.
flcrrtm, 191*.
of the future will- be without gears, but that Is not
the question—today we have gears but ar» sim-
plifying our driving.
"Pedals, levers, dials, contraptions of all sorts,
will disappear. The interior of the car of the fu-
ture v,ill look Ilka a little ?!«a«irp house, not the
engine room of the U-boat. The engine—whether
electric, gas or steam, or located under the hood or
the rear seat—will deliver and store enough power
TO fln pverythijis about the car that manual labor
now does. The air brake displaced hand bracing
on the railroad train, making greater speeds and
safety possible—it has started, with its rival, the
electric brake, to do &e same for the motor.
"Steam or electric steering has displaced hand
steering on all great ships—why should you sit
humped" over a much-in-the-way-of-your-comfort
steering wheel, when your engine can supply the
muscle and all you need to supply is the brala?
"The motor car of the future will be low. You
won't climb into it—you will step into it Six-inch
clearances will be ample, because the future won't
have any bad roads. In any modern city any Car
could get along with a six-inch clearance.
"Exterior, excrescences are doomed. Presgnt
practice runs fenders into bodies, and has cleared
the running boards of the boxes, battery cases,
spare tires, acetylene generators, etc., of a few
years ago. Future practice will—and very soon—
banish all such 'out-at-elbow' things as projecting
headlights, knobby tire carriers on the rear, gaso-
line tanks that caliect uusi, license brackets with,
the license hanging loose and all such!
"The car of the future will carry neither extra
tires nor extra wheels. In the first place, if the
non-puncturable tire doesn't arrive—which it will,
probably—and if the substitute for rubber is never
made—which it will be—why, some one will come
across with a substitute for air.
' - "The troubleless tire is on the way and the
car of the future will have it. A spare tire in the
future will be as extinct as the dodo and as un-
known as a spare engine, a spare gasoline can or
an extra top is today.
"The dew-dabs designed to make a car ride
easily will go, too, because all cars wilt ride easily
on good roads. Spring suspension win be easier,
lighter, less complicated, non-squeaking', more ef-
fective, because less will be demanded of it"
Why BUBBLES in the BLOOD Are FATAL
S
OLDIERS are often found dead on the battle-
field with no mark of an injury. Some are
lying with arms outstretched as in running;
others are grasping their guns as though about
to fire—*all are in exactly the positions in which
they were at the moment of death.
These mysterious deaths do not occur as a re-
sult of nervous shock, else ttoe bodies would ha
.—,,3 ,nd TiatnraT They are victims of "tba
bends" or "caisson, disease" caused by suctaen re-
lease from great air pressure.
When a workman emerges from a higa-pressura
air chamber, explains a. writer in Popular Science
the HONEY BEES
By E. I. FARRINGTON
months orders for millions of pounds of honey
received from across the' water have been re-
fused, simply because they could not be filled.
The wholesale price has almost do-ubled a.nd the
present supply is practically exhausted in most
of the large cities.
At a recent meeting of beekeepers In "Wash-
ington, representing various parts of the United
States, a program for the season's work was
mapped out. It was decided to urge upon every
apiarist, large and small, to produce extracted in-
Etead of comb honey this season. The reason for
this procedure is that twice as much extracted as
comb honey can .be produced by a colony of bees.
This means that if the season's program is car-
ried out as planned, the amount of liquid honey
LUNG
LUNG
in the market will be vastly increased, while
comb honey will be hard to obtain at any price.
It is in the Jiquid form, however, that boner
Is most available for all domestic purposes. More-
over, extracted honey is much easier for th« ama-
teur to raise than comb honey. The combs In-
stead of being sold and eaten are put back into
the hives to be filled again. Sometimes this is
done over and over again in a single season. The
saving in time and labor on the part of the in-
dustrious insects can be appreciated when It is
stated that from 10 to 14 pounds of honey are
required to make a single pound of the wax from
which combs are formed. When the bees ar« not
A BtfEEZELESS electric fan is one of the
newest and most unique offerings of the in-
ventor. This latest model of comfort de-
vices for the hot days, which consists of a series
of blades formed on new lines, is described as fol-
lows in the Scientific American:
"lTipt*»ad of the nroppller-shaped blade, the
present device is composed of sheets of metal
rolled in a cylindrical,shape, one cylinder being
within the other. The action of this fan when
attached to a motor in the ceiling is to draw the
«ir upward with a gentle draft, iiidieau oi! b'OTrlug
The Blades Are Rolled in Cylindrical Shape
Which Cause the Air to Be Drawn Upward.
it violently downward from the upper part of the
room. The inventor claims that this results in
far more effective cooling, as the-- heated air is
nearest the eeiHng, while the cool air is near tha
floor. Hence to draw the cool" air upward gives
the hest result, Th& action of the fan is so gentle
that it does not tend to raise the dust from, the
floor, yet it effectively circulates the air and re-
duces tbe temperature in short order. It has been
tried out with success in restaurants and offices
and is .adapted to factories, hails and other places
where perfect ventilation is required.'1
Monthly, his blood fills with small bubbles, like
those of champagne when first uncorked. If the-
bubbles are large, enough to choke the circulation
the man dies. On the battlefield, such occurrences
are the result of intense explosion waves. Tha
blood holds in solution a considerable amount of
air and carbon dioxide, the quantities being great-
er when tie pressure is high. t
Upon lowering the pressure,..{he gases separate
nut n« huhhToci. TTT flip case of soda water, the
bubbles can escape, hut in a man they are caught
in the capillaries. All muscular action is arrested
with lightning-like rapidity,, thus preserving the at-
tutie held by the victim before the fatal attack.
' obliged to make wax, they can devote themselves
to the storing of honey.
So.me people have an Idea that extracted
honey is likely to be adulterated. The fact 33
that very little bogus honey is now on the mar-
ket, because the laws pertaining to this matter
are very strict and honey which is not pure can
be easily detected.
By mobilizing the country's bees the food
supply can be augmented to a very large extent
at practically no cost, for the bees board them-
' selves and labor without ceasing so long as warm
weather lasts. It is a literal fact that millions
of bees work themselves to death every.season,
for" they live only from six to ten weeks, at tha
end of which time they are worn and tattered.
They give their whole time to labor in the hiva
Cross Section Diagram
of a Honey Bee Show-
ing the Breathing Sys-
tem and the Location
of the Scent Glands,
A and E.
until their wings are worn out, when they are"
cast aside to die.
It may be interesting to some people to learn
that all the work in a beehive is done by female
bees. The drones, or males, lire on the labors
of their' more industrious female companions.
Moreover, there is no such thing as a king bee!
The ruler of the hive is the queen, but she is a
ruler in name only, being guarded and protected
by the bees simply because the colony would be-
come extinct if she did not lay eggs at a pro.
digious rate. It is not unusual for a good
U> proaaco tor c-4 weight In eggs in a
day and she keeps this np^for weeks at a
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