Introduction

This document describes a typical scenario under tripping and some contingency procedures that we choose to examine closer for AutoConRig.

Scenario description
I) Typical Scenario Steps under normal conditions:
1. The Drilling Crew will start a manual (ordinary) tripping in. An ordinary drill bit will be connected to the drill string. NB 1: Circulation is not needed under tripping in. What is needed is filling the pipes with mud every 1000 m ca. Neither the mud pump(s) nor the Top drive are connected. 2. After a specified period of time (not during connection), the Operator Control stations will be powered off (hard stop), simulating a remote system power loss. 3. There will be agents as part of the control system that will recognize this and take over the control of the drilling machinery. 4 Major cases are reasonably possible: a. Drill bit above the casing shoe: Meaning that the situation is relatively safe, the reaction should follow these steps: i. The tripping in speed will be reduced to zero following a velocity curve, until stop. ii. Activate in slips sequence: e.g. Lower the drill string and Apply Park Brake. b. Drill bit slightly (less than ones stand) in the open hole section : Meaning that there is a risk of stuck pipe , the reaction should follow these steps: i. Pull out of hole until above the casing shoe following a velocity curve. ii. Velocity is reduced to zero following a velocity curve. iii. Activate in slips sequence as in a). c. Drill bit far in the open hole-section and at least 1 stand far from bottom hole: Meaning that there is a risk of stuck pipe, and that pull out of hole is less of an option, because that would take hours, and that it is possible to elevate and lower the stand. The reaction should follow these steps: i. Elevate or lower the block so that the upper stand is half under the drill floor.

Continuously elevate and lower the stand 10 m up and 10 m down. iii. If Top-drive connection can be detected (if possible, connect it automatically) do rotate at the same time. The RPM should follow a recommended curve. iv. If mud pump connection can be detected (if possible, connect it automatically), pump mud. The pump should be started following a recommended curve. d. Drill bit far in the open hole-section and less than 1 stand far from bottom hole: Meaning that there is a risk of stuck pipe, and that pull out of hole is less of an option, because that would take hours, and that it not possible to elevate and lower the stand. The reaction should follow these steps: i. Pull out of hole as much as the rigs physical implementation allows, in order to be able to get to case c (possibly with a reduced amplitude, minimum amplitude has to be ?? m). ii. Do like in case c. 4. After a while, the Operator Control Stations will be powered on again. When they come back online the driller will se an indicator showing that the drilling machinery is in Auto Controlled Rig mode. The Operator then disables the Auto Controlled Rig mode and restarts manual tripping in.

ii.

II) Alternative 1: Steps Under Pack off

Precondition: Case 3- c occurred, which gave a settled cutting problem. Due to bad hole cleaning, cuttings where not transported properly. After the manual tripping in step 4 (happens without circulation), cuttings fall back down the hole and pack-off around the drill string. 1. When reached the bottom hole, the Operator Control Stations will be powered off again. (NB! This situation is like case 3-d but with a possible pack-off). 2. The agents take over the control of the drilling machinery; recognize that the bit is at the bottom hole. 3. Start pull out of hole 1 stand, in order to get to case 3-c. 4. Detect a possible pack-off due to increasing drag ( can not detected by pump pressure because pump is not connected ) 5. Lower the drill string (opposite direction to pull). 6. Connect the mud pump and apply a reduced flow rate, observer the pump pressure two possible cases:

a. If pump pressure stabilized: i. Increase the flow rate to the recommended flow rate. ii. Continuously move the drill-string, within the distance from bottom hole. iii. Detect better hole condition iv. Pull out of hole 1 stand, in order to get to case 3-c. b. If pump pressure increases: i. Stop the pump following recommended procedure (curve). ii. Power on again. NB 2 Pack off detection and actions are covered in Drilltronics.

III) Alternative 2: Steps Under Kick

1. When reached the bottom hole the Operator decides to pull out of hole. 2. Due to wrong geo pressure predictions, the safe guards speed is higher than supposed, generating negative pressure pulls, which leads to gas influx. 3. Power off occurs. 4. The agents detect the power off and take control over the drilling machinery. 5. The agents detect a possible kick, by observing the mud volume change (Gains or Losses). 6. Connects the mud pump and circulates while moving the drill-string (equivalent to case 3-c.). Tow reasonably possible scenarios. a. Large gas Kick i. Well control situation ii. Activate the BOP b. Small gas Kick i. Continue circulating while moving the drill-string. NB 3 The gas kick scenario was covered by CODIO case study 1.

Introduccin Este documento describe un escenario tpico en los viajes y algunos procedimientos de contingencia que elegimos para examinar ms de cerca AutoConRig. Escenario Descripcin

Etapas en un escenario tpico en condiciones normales:

I)

El equipo de perforacin o cuadrilla iniciar un manual (ordinario) de viaje. Una broca ser conectada a la sarta de perforacin. NB 1: La Circulacin no se necesita para la condiciones del viaje. Lo que se necesita es llenar la tubera cada 2000 ft aprox. Ni las bombas de lodos ni el TDS se conectarn. Despus de un perodo especificado de tiempo (no incluye coneciones), el perforador har una parada rpida, para simular un sistema remoto de prdida de potencia.

II)

III)

Habr agentes como parte del sistema de control que reconocern esto - y asumirn el control de la perforacin. 4 casos ms importantes razonablemente posibles: a) Broca arriba del zapato: Significa que la situacin es relativamente segura, la reaccin debe seguir los siguientes pasos:
i. ii.

La velocidad del viaje se reduce a cero siguiendo una curva de velocidad, hasta parar. Activar la secuencia en las cuas: por ejemplo, Baje la sarta de perforacin y aplique el freno de parqueo. Broca en el open hole, menos de un stand : significa que hay un riesgo de stuck pipe, la reaccin debe seguir estos pasos: i. POOH hasta por encima del zapato siguiendo una curva de velocidad. ii. La velocidad se reduce a cero siguiendo una curva de velocidad. iii. Activar la secuencia en las cuas como en ii. Broca lejos en la seccin de open hole y/o ms de 1 stand encima del bottom hole: Lo que significa que hay un riesgo de stuck pipe, y que POOH no es una opcin, debido a que eso nos llevara horas, y que es posible levantar y bajar el stand. La reaccin debe seguir los siguientes pasos: i. Levantar o bajar el bloque de modo que la parada superior quede la mitad bajo la RT.

b)

c)

ii.

Continuamente levante 30 ft y baje 30 ft la parada (10 m up y 10 m hacia abajo).

Si posible conecte el TDS y rote al mismo tiempo. Las RPM deben seguir una curva recomendada. iv. Si posible conecte las bombas de lodos. Las bombas deben iniciar siguiendo una curva recomendada. d) Broca lejos en la seccin de open hole y menos que 1 stand encima del bottom hole: Lo que significa que hay un riesgo de stuck pipe, y que POOH no es una opcin, porque eso nos llevara horas, y que no es posible levantar y bajar el stand. La reaccin debe seguir los siguientes pasos:
i.

iii.

POOH tanto como la aplicacin de la plataforma fsica lo permita, con el fin de alcanzar el caso c (posiblemente con una amplitud reducida, la amplitud mnima tiene que ser? pies).

Es similar al caso c ?. iv) Despus de un tiempo, el operador re-activa la potencia. Cuando regresan en lnea - el perforador indicar que el taladro de perforacin est en modo "Auto Rig controlada" . El Operador a continuacin, desactiva la funcin "Auto Rig controlada" modo manual y se reinicia el viaje manual.

ii.

II) Alternative 1: Steps Under Pack off

II) Alternativa 1: Etapas previstas para el Empaquetamiento: Requisito: Caso 3 - c ocurrido, lo cual dio un problema de asentamiento de cortes. Debido a las malas condiciones de limpieza del hueco, los cortes no fueron transportados adecuadamente. Despus de que el manual de viajes en el paso 4 (que hacemos sin circulacin), los cortes caen hueco abajo y se presenta el packoff-alrededor de la sarta de perforacin. Cuando se llega al fondo del hueco, el Operador apaga de nuevo. (NB! Esta situacin es semejante al caso 3-d, pero con un posible pack-off). Los agentes toman el control de la perforacin; reconocen que la bit est en el bottom hole. Comience a POOH del hueco 1 stand, con el fin de llegar al caso 3-c.

Detectar un posible packoff debido al incremento del drag (no se puede detectar con la presin de la bomba porque la bomba no est conectada, sacando sin back-reaming) Baje la sarta de perforacin (en direccin opuesta a pull out. Conecte la bomba de lodo y aplique una rata de flujo reducido (KRS), observe en la presin de la la bomba dos casos posibles: Si la presin de la bomba se estabiliza:

Aumentar la velocidad de flujo a la velocidad de flujo recomendada. Continuamente mueva la sarta, dentro de la distancia desde el fondo. Detectar la mejor condicion del hueco. POOH 1 stand, con el fin de llegar al caso 3-c. Si la presin de la bomba se incrementa:

Parar la bomba siguiendo el procedimiento recomendado (de la curva). Encienda de Nuevo (Power on again) NB 2: deteccin del packoff y las acciones se tratan en Drilltronics III)

Alternative 2: Etapas previstas para un

Kick

Cuando se lleg al fondo del pozo el operador decide POOH. Debido a predicciones errneas de GEO-presines, la velocidad de los guardias de seguridad es mayor que lo supuesto, la generacin de presin negativa al sacar, conduce a la afluencia de gas. Apagado ocurre. Los agentes detectan el apagado y toman el control de la perforacin. Los agentes detectan una patada de pozo (kick), mediante la observacin del cambio en el volumen de lodo (ganancias o prdidas). Se conectan las bombas de lodo y se circula mientras se mueve la sarta de perforacin (equivalente al caso 3-c.). Escenarios posibles:

Kick gas grande Well control situacin Activar el BOP Kick gas Small Continuar circulando mientras se mueve la sarta. NOTA 3 El escenario patada gas fue cubierto por estudio de caso CODIO 1. Would you mind answering some questions to help improve translation quality? Google Translate for Business:Translator ToolkitWebsite TranslatorGlobal Market Finder

PACK-OFF EARLY WARNING Figure 3 shows pressure change as a function of time for six different pressure sensors( marked 1-6) distributed along the drillstring of a Gulf of Mexico well in 5400 ft of water that experienced a packoff while drilling at about 14520 ft. The sensor positioned deepest in the well registered the first pressure increase, and 5 min., later the increase was registered by a pressure sensor positioned further up the string. Next, 20 min., later, the third sensor noted the pack-off by measuring a pressure increase; 15 min., after that, the fourth sensor observed the pack-off passing up the annulus. Finally, the fifth sensor recorded a pressure increase, while the sixth and shallowest sensor showed a pressure decrease, which resulted from the reduction of the circulation rate by the driller in response to the annulus being packed off. The plot illustrates that the packoff occurred inside casing, somewhere between the fifth sensor (at 9520 ft) and the sixth sensor (at 8136 ft). Early warning of the event allowed the operator to perform response planning that helped minimize the effects of the mud losses associated with the pack-off.

Figure 3.-Annular pressure measurements recorded along the drillstring. The deepest sensor registered the first pressure increase, followed by subsequent pressure registration at the shallower sensors indicating the

onset of a pack.off, which eventually occurred between the fifth and sixth sensor.