Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources 5,000 at Meeting Outline Boycott; Bullet Clips Bus, 6 December 1955.

Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress. (5,000 at Meeting Outline Boycott; Bullet Clips Bus, 6 December 1955) This source proves that the Montgomery Bus Boycott was very important. This primary article supports the importance by showing that the source was in the headlines of the newspaper with important information. The purpose is to inform others in order to let others know what is going on. The intended audience is the people in Montgomery and in the nation at the time. This source helps the researcher understand how the nation reacted to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Civil Case 1147, U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, Northern (Montgomery) Division, December 1, 1955, Police Report, October 21, 2013 (Police Report, U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, December 1, 1955) This police report proves the arrest of Rosa Parks that shows when she was arrested and for what reason. This report is the official document of the arrest that gives details by stating the facts of that day. The document shows Rosa Parks arrest in order to file the case and pass the case on. The intended audience is the government officials involved with this arrest. This would help a researcher to understand the topic better by showing what the arrest was, why the arrest occurred, when the arrest occurred, and who was involved. Illustration of bus where Rosa Parks sat, December 1, 1995. Civil Case 1147.U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, Northern (Montgomery) Division Record Group 21: Records of the District Court of the United States. National Archives and Records Administration-Southeast Region, East Point, GA.

(Police Report, U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, December 1, 1955) This illustration of the bus and where Rosa Parks sat proves that she was sitting in a black area. This illustration shows the place that Rosa sat in the bus the day of the arrest. The purpose of this image is to show where Rosa sat in order to be able to explain more clearly what happened on the bus. The intended audience is everyone wanting to know about Rosa Parks arrest. This source helps a researcher understand the situation that Rosa Parks was in better. "Interview with Jo Ann Robinson." Interview by Llew Smith and Judy Richardson. Eyes on the Prize I Interview. Washington University Digital Library, 27 Aug. 1979. Web. 21 Oct. 2013. <http://digital.wustl.edu/e/eop/eopweb/rob0015.0530.090judyrichardson.html>. (Smith, Llew and Richardson, Judy, Interview with Jo Ann Robinson, Washington University Digital Print, August 27, 1979) This interview explains first person about Jo Ann Robinson that is about the Bus Boycott and her experiences during the Civil Rights Movement. The interviewer answers questions that supports her perspective of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The authors purpose is to give the first person perspective of the bus boycott in order to know more about the bus boycott. The intended audience is people interested in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This source helps a researcher by giving the researcher how the person felt in relation to the topic. Jo Ann Robinson. Don't Ride the Bus. N.p.: Jo Ann Robinson, 1955. Print. (Robinson, Jo Ann, Don't Ride the Bus, leaflet, December 5, 1955) This leaflet explains about the method that was used to boycott that gives all information on what they will do to prepare the boycott. The writer supports this by explaining why and how they are going to boycott. The purpose is to persuade people to boycott and not take the bus. The intended audience were African Americans in Montgomery. This source is helpful to the researcher because it is a document of Jo Ann Robinson starting the boycott after Rosa Parks ignited it.

Letter from Robinson to the Mayor. Excerpt from a letter written by Jo Ann Robinson, May 21, 1954. Montgomery, Alabama. (Jo Ann Robinson. May 21, 1954) Jo Ann Robinson explains that the mayor should consider changing the bus laws so that it is more fair for everyone including African Americans. The writer used persuasive methods to attempt the get the mayor to do something about the bus discriminations. Jo Ann Robinson writes this to the mayor to make riding the bus for Negroes more just since at the time three fourths of the riders are African American. The intended audience is the mayor. This source helps the researcher understand what Jo Ann Robinson did before the bus boycott and her role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Morgan, Juliette. "Tell It To Old Grandma." The Montgomery Advertiser 12 Dec. 1955: n. pag. Print. (Morgan, Juliette, Tell It To Old Grandma, Newspaper Article, December 12, 1955) The contributor explains that the movement has learned tactics from Gandhi. The author supports this by comparing the two tactics. The purpose of this article is to mention the African Americans using tactics similar to Gandhi. The intended audience are people who were in Montgomery, but now for everyone. This source helps the researcher understand the topic better by looking at a whole new perspective of the topic. Parks, Rosa, and Gregory J. Reed. Dear Mrs. Parks: A Dialogue with Today's Youth. New York: Lee & Low, 1996. Print. (Parks, Rosa and Reed, Gregory, Dear Mrs. Parks: a dialogue with today's youth, book, 1996) Rosa Parks explains her feelings that reflects herself and the past. Rosa Parks answers questions and encourages young people to reach their full potential. She does this in order to share her knowledge with others. The intended audience is any person interested in Rosa Parks. This source is helpful to a researcher by being a primary, first person source on a person that was involved in the topic of research.

Parks, Rosa, and James Haskins. Rosa Parks: My Story. New York: Dial, 1992. Print. (Parks, Rosa. My Story. 1992) Rosa Parks explains her story in this autobiography that is much deeper than what Rosa Parks is known for. She supports her story by talking about her role in the Civil Rights Movement. Parks purpose is to inspire others in order to become a better role model than she already has and to share her unforgettable story. This autobiography is intended for all readers. This source helps a researcher by gathering information on Rosas motivations and how she felt in her lifetime. Parks, Rosa. Interview with Rosa Parks. Scholastic Web. January- February, 1997. (Parks, Rosa. Interview with Rosa Parks. Scholastic Web. January- February, 1997) Rosa Parks explains to students that her life before, during, and after the Civil Rights Movement was more than just riding the bus then going to jail. Parks develops this by answering questions in an interview that Scholastic Web had in 1997. Parks purpose is to inform and inspire these students in order for these students and others to be able to inspire as she had. The intended audience are students, as well as website viewers. This source will help a researcher understand the topic better by getting information about Rosas life and her feelings before, during, and after the Civil Rights Movement.

Secondary Sources Bredhoff, Stacey, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter. "The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks." Social Education 63, 4 (May/June 1999): 207-211. (Bredhoff, Stacey, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter. "The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks. May/June 1999) These authors prove and explain the arrest of Rosa Parks that occurred on 1995 in Montgomery. The authors supports the arrest by including facts and evidence in the article. The authors purposes is to show and explain the arrest in order to inform others about Rosa Parks arrest. The intended audience is all people. This source will help a researcher understand the topic better by informing about the arrest of Rosa Parks and giving the primary documents of the arrest. Ember, Steve, and Jerilyn Watson. "American History: Life in the 1950s." VOA. VOA, n.d. Web. 23 Dec. 2013. (Ember, Steve, American History: Life in the 1950s, VOA) Steve Ember explains that life in the 1950s had multiple problems with racism and was different from today.The author does this by describing how people lived in different lifestyles in the 1950s. The author wrote this in order to tell others about life in the 1950s. The intended audience is those wanting to know about life in the 1950s. This source helps the researcher by giving information about the 1950s. Freedman, Russell. Freedom Walkers: The Story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. New York: Holiday House, 2006. Print. (Freedman, Russell, Freedom walkers: the story of the Montgomery bus boycott, Book, 2006) Russell explains the events that surround and include the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The writer develops the claim by packing all the information about the boycott into one book. The author does this in order to give information about the boycott. The intended audience are people

interested in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This source would help a researcher understand the topic better by giving information that surrounds and includes the boycott. Heinrich, Robert. "American National Biography Online: Robinson, Jo Ann." American National Biography Online: Robinson, Jo Ann. Oxford University Press, Feb. 2000. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. (Heinrich, Robert. Feb. 2000) The author explains that the life of Jo Ann Robinson is very special and she has achieved and went through a lot in her lifetime. The author supports this by stating facts about Jo Ann Robinson and continues until her death. The authors purpose is to inform the reader about an important civil rights leader who is not as known as Rosa Parks in order to credit her contributions. The intended audience is all people. This bibliography will help a researcher understand the topic better by informing the reader much about Jo Ann Robinsons life and her contributions she made. "Jo Ann Robinson." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. ("Jo Ann Robinson." PBS.) The bibliography argues that Jo Ann Robinson is important in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The writer supports this by including everything she did for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The writer wrote this in order to inform others of the contributions Robinson had on the Civil Rights Movement. The intended audience is all people. This source helps the researcher understand the topic better by telling the researcher about the tasks carried by Jo Ann Robinson. "John Conyers On Rosa Parks: "She Earned the Title as Mother of the Civil Rights Movement."" Democracy Now! Democracy Now, 25 Oct. 2005. Web. 22 Dec. 2013. (John Conyers On Rosa Parks: "She Earned the Title as Mother of the Civil Rights Movement.", Democracy Now, October, 2005) This article explains that Rosa Parks moved to Detroit to work in the staff of John Conyers. The speaker develops this by telling his perspective of his association with Rosa Parks. The author does this in order to honor Rosa Parks and tell how they

worked together. The intended audience is everyone. This source helps the researcher understand the topic better by helping the researcher know more about Rosa Parks life postCivil Rights Movement when she moved. Mack, Dwayne. "Robinson, Jo Ann (1912-1992) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." Robinson, Jo Ann (1912-1992) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. BlackPast, n.d. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. (Mack, Dwayne. The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed.") The author explains that the life of Jo Ann Robinson is very special and she has achieved and went through a lot in her lifetime. The author supports this by stating facts about Jo Ann Robinson and continues until her death. The authors purpose is to inform the reader about an important civil rights leader who is not as known as Rosa Parks in order to credit her contributions. The intended audience is all people. This bibliography will help a researcher understand the topic better by informing the reader much about Jo Ann Robinsons life and her contributions she made. Marable, Manning, and Leith Mullings. Let Nobody Turn Us Around: Voices of Resistance, Reform, and Renewal: An African American Anthology. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009. Print. (Marable, Manning and Mullings, Leith, Let nobody turn us around: voices of resistance, reform, and renewal: an African American anthology, book, 2009) The authors explain the whole evolution of African Americans that shows the perspectives of African Americans throughout American History. The authors supports this by tracing the evolution of African Americans. The purpose is to trace the evolution of African Americans in the history of America that introduces the reader to different information. The intended audience are people who want information of African Americans. This source will help the researcher by informing the researcher about a wide variety of information that surrounds the topic. "Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)." Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956). Stanford, n.d. Web. 21

Oct. 2013. (Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), Encyclopedia) This page explains about the boycott that details the Montgomery Bus Boycott. By crating all of the information of the boycott together, a general but detailed overview of the boycott is developed. The author writes this in order to give detailed information of the boycott as a whole. The intended audience is anyone interested in the Civil Rights Movement. This source help a researcher to understand the topic better by explaining the topic and giving information on the topic. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." Montgomery Bus Boycott RSS. Montgomery Advertiser, n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2013. (Montgomery Bus Boycott, Montgomery Advertiser) This website explains that the time of the Montgomery Bus Boycott was important in American history. The website shows this by splitting information and explaining about the boycott. This website does this in order to spread information to others. The intended audience is everyone. This helps a researcher by giving a better idea about the Montgomery Bus Boycott. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 22 Dec. 2013. (Montgomery Bus Boycott, History.com) This website explains that the time of the Montgomery Bus Boycott was important in American history. The website shows this by splitting information and explaining about the boycott. This website does this in order to spread information to others. The intended audience is everyone. This helps a researcher by giving a better idea about the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Robinson, Jo Ann Gibson, and David J. Garrow. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1987. Print.

(Robinson, Jo and Garrow, David, The Montgomery bus boycott and the women who started it: the memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, book, 1987) The book explains about Jo Ann Robinson that also explains her role in the boycott. The author supports the major claim by creating a memoir if Jo Ann Robinson. The author writes about Jo Ann Robinson in order to explain and show her role in the bus boycott. The intended audience are people interested in the Civil Rights Movement and Jo Ann Robinson. This source helps a researcher understand the topic better by giving information about the life if Jo Ann Robinson and how she got involved in the topic. "Rosa Parks 1913-2005: We Air a Rare 1956 Interview with Parks During the Montgomery Bus Boycott." Democracy Now! Democracy Now, 25 Oct. 2005. Web. 22 Dec. 2013. (Rosa Parks 1913-2005: We Air a Rare 1956 Interview with Parks During the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Democracy Now, October 25, 2005) The author explains that in her lifetime, Rosa Parks had achieved more than she imagined. The author develops this by saying what Rosa Parks did in her lifetime before showing a rare interview. The writer does this to honor to Rosa Parks the day after her death. The intended audience is everyone. This source helps the researcher understand the topic better because Rosa Parks speaks for herself and there is a lot of information that is giving about the boycott. Ta, Amy. "Jo-Ann Robinson: The Other Heroine of the Montgomery Bus Boycott." NPR. NPR, 04 Feb. 2011. Web. 24 Nov. 2013. (Ta, Amy. NPR, 04 Feb, 2011) The author asserts that Jo Ann Robinson is as important as Rosa Parks and was a large part in the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The writer develops this by stating her involvement in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The authors purpose is to credit Jo Ann Robinson in order to show that she is the other heroine of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The intended audience is NRP listeners. This source helped the researcher by helping with the understanding of the bus boycott and Jo Ann Robinsons involvement.

Theoharis, Jeanne. The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks. Boston: Beacon, 2013. Print. (Theoharis, Jeanne, The rebellious life of Mrs. Rosa Parks, book, 2013) The author explains that Rosa Parks is a woman that was a rebellion and wanted to do good deeds. The author supports that by writing a political biography and presenting the corrective to Rosa Parks. The author's purpose is to examine her 6 decades of activities in the Civil Rights Movement. The intended audience are people with interest in Rosa Parks and the role she has in the Civil Rights Movement.