WORKING PRINCIPLE

When the microcontroller receives the signals from IR sensor, it will be taking a decision to operate the machine. There are two sensor signal is given to the microprocessor 89C5 !control "nit#. This p"lse signal received from IR sensor circ"it when there is an$ obstacle. %t starting time R&' is in ()*+ position which is given to the conve$or motor !conve$or ,ovement#.

If there is an$ obstacle in there conve$or, this signal receives from the IR receiver is given to the pin n"mber ' of ,icrocontroller IC thro"gh high pass filter and inverter IC. This high pass filter is "sed to eliminate the high fre-"enc$ signal d"e to e.ternal "nwanted signal. In o"r circ"it simple R/C high pass filter circ"it is "sed. The 0ener diode !5.1 2olt# also "sed to c"t off the high voltage signal from the inp"t signal. The sensors are giving the high o"tp"t signal when there is an$ obstacle in there conve$or and this high signal is change to low signal b$ Inverter !*)T gate# IC.

Vcc

10/63V 9 10K Vcc 10K 4584 1.5K

Vcc

Vcc 10K 1K 1N400! REL"# $C54! 12V

40 31 P1.0

PULSE ROM SENSOR1 100K

P.M.D.C. MOTOR-1

12

8 9 C

5.6V

0.1

150K

PULSE ROM SENSOR 2 1.5K 100K 0.1 5.6V 150K

5
13

P1.1

1K

%12V 1N400! REL"# $C 54!

P.M.D.C. MOTOR-2

14
33& CR#ST"L 12M'( 33& 1K %12V

16

P1.2
1N400! REL"# $C 54!

P.M.D.C MOTOR -3

19
3 % 5V 4 %12V 0.1 GND 1 2 3845 3 0.1 Vcc

20

The pin n"mber ' of microcontroller is m"ltif"nctional pin. It is "sed as a port !56. /high signal# or e.ternal interr"pt !I*T4/&ow signal#. In o"r pro7ect the pin n"mber ' as "sed as an e.ternal interr"pt. The signal received from the sensor is low p"lse, so that the microcontroller acts as an interr"pt signal. In that time the microcontroller !b$ "sing microcontroller program# ()88+ the rela$ /' !conve$or ,otor/Connected to port/p'.4## and ()*+ rela$/ !9ooper motor open for sec# for seconds and once again ()*+ the rela$/' for movement.

:imilarl$ the pin n"mber '6 of microcontroller is m"ltif"nctional pin. It is "sed as a port !56.6/high signal# or e.ternal interr"pt !I*T'/&ow signal#. In o"r pro7ect the pin n"mber '6 as "sed as an e.ternal interr"pt. The signal received from the sensor is low p"lse, so that the microcontroller acts as an interr"pt signal.

In that time the microcontroller !b$ "sing microcontroller program# ()88+ the rela$ /' !Conve$or ,otor/Connected to port/p'.4## and ()*+ rela$/6 !9eater motor )* at ' sec/port p'. # for ' seconds and once again ()*+ the rela$/' for movement. The above proced"re is repeated once again.

IR SENSOR UNIT

The IR transmitter and IR receiver circ"it is "sed to sense the obstacle.

IR TR"NSMITTER CIRCUIT)

%Vcc R4 *4!+ 3 T1 *$D140+ 1 150K 1 8 !

2 C3 *100/25V+ R2 *4!+ R5 L1 4.! IR LED

2 3

IC 555
6 5

R1 1.5K

C2 0.01&

C1 0.1&

IR RECEIVER CIRCUIT)

1K %12V REL"# R12 *680+ RL1 L3 *LED+ D2 1N400! R10 4.!K C3 *100 + R! *100K+ C2 *100+ 4.!K R3 R2 4.!K R1 *4.!K+ L1 *IR SENSOR+ L2 *IR SENSOR+

D1 *1N 400!+ T5 *$C54!$+ T4 *$C 54!$+ 120 R11 22K R9 *4.!K+ R8

T3 $C 55!

C4 *0.1& + T2 *$C549C+

C1 *0.01 & + C8 *4! & + R5 T1 *$C 549C+ R13 120

C! 22 *50V+

R6 2.2K

C5 *0.1& +

"T NORM"L CONDITION)

The IR transmitter sensor is transmitting the infrared ra$s with the help of 555 IC timer circ"it. These infrared ra$s are received b$ the IR receiver sensor. The Transistor T', T and T6 are "sed as an amplifier section. %t normal condition Transistor T5 is )88 condition. %t that time rela$ is )88, so that the conve$or r"nning contin"o"sl$.

"T O$ST"CLE CONDITION)

%t )bstacle conditions the IR transmitter and IR receiver, the resistance across the Transmitter and receiver is high d"e to the non/cond"ctivit$ of the IR waves. :o the o"tp"t of transistor T5 goes from )88 condition to )* stage. In that time the rela$ is )* position. In that time, this obstacle signal is given to the microcontroller "nit.