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Assume that the production function is given by Y = AK0.5L0.5, where Y is GDP, K is capital stock, and L is labor. The parameter A is equal to 10. Assume also that capital is 100, labor is 400, and both capital and labor are paid their marginal products. a. What is Y? b. What is the real wage of labor? c. What is the real rental price of capital (the amount of output paid per unit of capital)?
2. Assume that GDP (Y) is 6,000. Consumption (C) is given by the equation C = 600 + 0.6(Y T). Investment (I) is given by the equation I = 2,000 100r, where r is the real rate of interest in percent. Taxes (T) are 500 and government spending (G) is also 500. a. What are the equilibrium values of C, I, and r? b. What are the values of private saving, public saving, and national saving? c. If government spending rises to 1,000, what are the new equilibrium values of C, I, and r? d. What are the new equilibrium values of private saving, public saving, and national saving?
3. Assume that GDP (Y) is 5,000. Consumption (C) is given by the equation C = 1,200 + 0.3(Y T) 50 r, where r is the real interest rate. Investment (I) is given by the equation I = 1,500 50r. Taxes (T) are 1,000 and government spending (G) is 1,500. a. What are the equilibrium values of C, I, and r? b. What are the values of private saving, public saving, and national saving? c. Now assume there is a technological innovation that makes business want to invest more. It raises the investment equation to I = 2,000 50r. What are the new equilibrium values of C, I, and r? d. What are the new values of private saving, public saving, and national saving?
4. a. Suppose a government education program succeeds in getting households to save more. Using the long-run model of the economy developed in Chapter 3, graphically illustrate the impact of the higher saving rate by households. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium values; iv. the direction curves shift; and v. the terminal equilibrium values. b. State in words what happens to: i. the real interest rate; ii. national saving; iii. investment; iv. consumption; and v. output.
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5. Consider two competitive economies that have the same quantities of labor (L = 400) and capital (K = 400), and the same technology (A = 100). The economies of the countries are described by the following Cobb-Douglas production functions: North Economy: Y = A L.3K.7 South Economy: Y = A L.7K.3 a. Which economy has the larger total production? Explain. b. In which economy is the marginal product of labor larger? Explain. c. In which economy is the real wage larger? Explain. d. In which economy is labor's share of income larger? Explain.
6. Consider a competitive economy in which factor prices adjust to keep the factors of production fully employed and the interest rate adjusts to keep the supply and demand for goods and services in equilibrium. The economy can be described by the following set of equations: L = L, K = K, G = G , T = T , Y = AKa L(1a) Y=C+I+G C = C (Y T) I = I(r) How does an increase in government spending, holding other factors constant, affect the level of: a. public saving? b. private saving? c. national saving? d. the equilibrium interest rate? e. the equilibrium quantity of investment? 7. Assume that the demand for real money balance (M/P) is M/P = 0.6Y 100i, where Y is national income and i is the nominal interest rate. The real interest rate r is fixed at 3 percent by the investment and saving functions. The expected inflation rate equals the rate of nominal money growth. a. If Y is 1,000, M is 100, and the growth rate of nominal money is 1 percent, what must i and P be? b. If Y is 1,000, M is 100, and the growth rate of nominal money is 2 percent, what must i and P be?
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8. a. Suppose a government moves to reduce a budget deficit. Using the long-run model of the economy developed in Chapter 3, graphically illustrate the impact of reducing a government's budget deficit by reducing government purchases. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium values; iv. the direction curves shift; and v. the terminal equilibrium values. b. State in words what happens to: i. the real interest rate; ii. national saving; iii. investment; iv. consumption; and v. output
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