Appendix D: Air Quality

Emissions Reductions

Bayonne Bridge
Environmental Assessment

2008 Emissions Inventory:

Containership Emissions for Vessels that Traverse Kill Van Kull

Appendix D:
Air Quality

Containership Main Engine Emissions, 2008

To/from Terminals at Port Newark, Port Elizabeth, Howland Hook

Terminal
Port Newark
Elizabeth PA Marine Terminal
Howland Hook
Main engine totals

Terminal
Port Newark
Elizabeth PA Marine Terminal
Howland Hook
Aux engine transiting totals

Terminal
Port Newark
Elizabeth PA Marine Terminal
Howland Hook
Aux engine dwelling totals

Total
Main Engine
kWhr
6,947,200
26,430,264
5,755,948
39,133,412

Transiting
Aux Engine
kWhr
3,590,672
11,918,548
2,960,668
18,469,888

Dwelling
Aux Engine
kWhr
9,606,420
38,223,511
25,102,288
72,932,219

NOx
145
536
124
806

NOx

8
29
7
44

144
590
377
1,111

15
55
13
83

12
43
10
65

SO2
9
35
8
52

Emissions, tons per year

PM25
PM10
CO

VOC

54
183
44
282

NOx

Emissions, tons per year

PM25
PM10
CO

VOC

2
6
1
9

4
14
4
22

5
17
4
26

SO2
4
14
3
21

Emissions, tons per year

PM25
PM10
CO

VOC
4
18
12
34

12
46
30
88

SOURCE: PANYNJ, via email, 19 April 2012.

D-1

14
55
36
105

80
312
67
459

49
162
40
250

SO2
11
44
29
84

130
518
340
989

Bayonne Bridge
Environmental Assessment

Mean size (TEU)*

size category (TEU)*
Fuel Consumption in harbor
@10 Knots (g/TEU-nm)**

Appendix D:
Air Quality

Containership Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction for Vessels that Traverse Kill Van Kull

11,660
10+k
6.29

11,660
10+k
6.29

9,307
9-10k
6.27

8,293
8-9k
6.44

7,372
7-8k
6.24

6,505
6-7k
6.09

5,491
5-6k
6.76

4,385
4-5k
7.31

4,385
4-5k
7.31

3,432
3-4k
9.02

3,432
3-4k
9.02

Sources:
* Notteboom, T. and Carriou, P., 2009, Fuel surcharge practices of container shipping lines: Is it about cost recovery or revenue making?,
Proceedings of the 2009 International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME)
** AKRF, based on Notteboom, 2009.

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037

12,000 & 10,000 to 9,000 to

8,000 to
7,000 to
6,000 to
5,000 to
up
11,999
9,999
8,999
7,999
6,999
5,999
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.20
3.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.36
3.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.53
3.82
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.68
4.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.84
4.27
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
4.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.17
4.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.34
5.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.52
5.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.71
5.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.90
5.83
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.10
6.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.28
6.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.44
6.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.61
6.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.79
7.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.97
7.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.15
7.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.34
7.93
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.54
8.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.74
8.49

4,500 to
4,999
15.98
16.52
17.09
17.45
17.82
18.19
18.58
18.97
19.37
19.78
20.20
20.63
21.12
21.50
21.88
22.27
22.67
23.07
23.49
23.91
24.34

4,000 to
3,500 to
3,000 to
4,499
3,999
3,499
19.35
3.50
2.89
20.09
3.68
3.07
20.87
3.87
3.26
21.38
4.01
3.40
21.92
4.15
3.55
22.47
4.30
3.71
23.04
4.45
3.87
23.63
4.61
4.04
24.23
4.77
4.21
24.86
4.94
4.38
25.51
5.11
4.56
26.18
5.28
4.75
26.90
5.46
4.93
27.47
5.60
5.09
28.06
5.75
5.25
28.67
5.91
5.41
29.29
6.06
5.58
29.93
6.22
5.75
30.58
6.39
5.93
31.26
6.56
6.11
31.94
6.73
6.29

Total
46.20
48.27
50.44
51.97
53.55
55.18
56.86
58.59
60.38
62.22
64.11
66.06
68.08
69.74
71.44
73.18
74.96
76.78
78.65
80.57
82.53

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037

12,000 & 10,000 to 9,000 to

8,000 to
7,000 to
6,000 to
5,000 to
up
11,999
9,999
8,999
7,999
6,999
5,999
1.09
0.54
0.58
1.56
0.47
1.15
3.02
1.32
0.65
0.68
1.82
0.55
1.31
3.24
1.56
0.76
0.79
2.11
0.63
1.49
3.48
1.75
0.85
0.86
2.31
0.68
1.61
3.64
1.94
0.94
0.94
2.53
0.74
1.74
3.81
2.14
1.03
1.03
2.76
0.80
1.86
3.98
2.36
1.13
1.12
3.01
0.87
1.99
4.15
2.66
1.27
1.24
3.33
0.94
2.15
4.33
2.99
1.43
1.37
3.67
1.02
2.30
4.52
3.35
1.59
1.50
4.03
1.10
2.46
4.70
3.75
1.78
1.64
4.40
1.18
2.61
4.87
4.18
1.98
1.79
4.79
1.26
2.76
5.05
4.49
2.13
1.89
5.08
1.32
2.88
5.21
4.79
2.26
1.99
5.35
1.37
2.98
5.34
5.10
2.41
2.10
5.63
1.43
3.09
5.48
5.43
2.57
2.20
5.91
1.48
3.20
5.61
6.05
2.84
2.37
6.35
1.55
3.33
5.74
6.75
3.13
2.54
6.80
1.62
3.45
5.85
7.56
3.44
2.71
7.24
1.68
3.56
5.94
8.47
3.78
2.89
7.69
1.73
3.66
6.02
9.50
4.14
3.07
8.13
1.78
3.74
6.08

4,500 to
4,999
14.13
14.32
14.50
14.63
14.75
14.87
14.99
14.98
14.96
14.92
14.88
14.82
14.99
15.07
15.15
15.23
15.00
14.74
14.46
14.15
13.82

4,000 to
3,500 to
3,000 to
4,499
3,999
3,499
17.17
3.14
2.62
17.50
3.26
2.75
17.83
3.38
2.89
18.05
3.46
2.99
18.28
3.55
3.09
18.52
3.63
3.19
18.75
3.72
3.29
18.86
3.79
3.39
18.96
3.86
3.49
19.05
3.93
3.58
19.13
3.99
3.68
19.21
4.05
3.76
19.51
4.14
3.87
19.70
4.20
3.94
19.89
4.27
4.02
20.08
4.33
4.10
19.95
4.35
4.15
19.79
4.36
4.19
19.60
4.36
4.23
19.37
4.34
4.25
19.11
4.32
4.26

Total
45.46
47.40
49.41
50.84
52.32
53.83
55.39
56.95
58.56
60.21
61.90
63.64
65.51
67.02
68.57
70.16
71.67
73.20
74.77
76.35
77.96

year
Fuel
Consumption
No Build
(metric
tons/nautical
mile)

year
Fuel
Consumption
Build
(metric
tons/nautical
mile)

D-2

Bayonne Bridge
Environmental Assessment

12,000 &
up

year
Fuel Savings
NB-BD (metric
tons/nautical
mile)

2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037

Appendix D:
Air Quality

Containership Fuel Consumption and Emissions Reduction for Vessels that Traverse Kill Van Kull

-1.09
-1.32
-1.56
-1.75
-1.94
-2.14
-2.36
-2.66
-2.99
-3.35
-3.75
-4.18
-4.49
-4.79
-5.10
-5.43
-6.05
-6.75
-7.56
-8.47
-9.50

10,000 to
11,999
-0.54
-0.65
-0.76
-0.85
-0.94
-1.03
-1.13
-1.27
-1.43
-1.59
-1.78
-1.98
-2.13
-2.26
-2.41
-2.57
-2.84
-3.13
-3.44
-3.78
-4.14

9,000 to
9,999
-0.58
-0.68
-0.79
-0.86
-0.94
-1.03
-1.12
-1.24
-1.37
-1.50
-1.64
-1.79
-1.89
-1.99
-2.10
-2.20
-2.37
-2.54
-2.71
-2.89
-3.07

8,000 to
8,999
-1.56
-1.82
-2.11
-2.31
-2.53
-2.76
-3.01
-3.33
-3.67
-4.03
-4.40
-4.79
-5.08
-5.35
-5.63
-5.91
-6.35
-6.80
-7.24
-7.69
-8.13

7,000 to
7,999

6,000 to
6,999

-0.47
-0.55
-0.63
-0.68
-0.74
-0.80
-0.87
-0.94
-1.02
-1.10
-1.18
-1.26
-1.32
-1.37
-1.43
-1.48
-1.55
-1.62
-1.68
-1.73
-1.78

0.05
0.05
0.04
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.52
0.59
0.64
0.70
0.78
0.88
0.99

5,000 to
5,999
0.27
0.30
0.34
0.40
0.47
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.76
0.85
0.96
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.52
1.65
1.81
1.99
2.19
2.41

4,500 to
4,999
1.85
2.20
2.58
2.82
3.07
3.32
3.58
3.99
4.42
4.86
5.33
5.81
6.13
6.42
6.73
7.04
7.67
8.34
9.03
9.76
10.51

4,000 to
4,499
2.19
2.60
3.04
3.33
3.63
3.95
4.28
4.77
5.27
5.81
6.38
6.97
7.39
7.77
8.17
8.59
9.34
10.14
10.99
11.89
12.83

3,500 to
3,999
0.36
0.42
0.49
0.55
0.61
0.67
0.74
0.82
0.91
1.01
1.11
1.23
1.32
1.40
1.48
1.57
1.71
1.87
2.03
2.21
2.41

Main Engine Emissions, tons per year

Emissions (tons per year)
Emission Control Factor**
Growth*
NOx
PM10
PM25
SO2
NOx
PM10
SO2
VOC
CO
year
(baseline)
2010
806
44
83
65
52
459
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2017
791
60
113
62
50
31
1.36
0.72
0.70
0.05
2018
781
62
118
61
49
33
1.42
0.68
0.66
0.05
2019
768
65
123
60
48
34
1.49
0.64
0.62
0.05
2020
742
67
127
58
46
35
1.53
0.60
0.58
0.05
2021
714
69
131
55
44
36
1.58
0.56
0.53
0.05
2022
683
71
135
52
42
37
1.63
0.52
0.49
0.05
2023
650
74
139
49
39
39
1.68
0.48
0.45
0.05
2024
614
76
143
46
37
40
1.73
0.44
0.41
0.05
2025
576
78
148
42
34
41
1.79
0.40
0.36
0.05
2026
534
81
152
38
31
42
1.84
0.36
0.32
0.05
2027
489
83
157
34
27
44
1.90
0.32
0.28
0.05
2028
441
86
162
30
24
45
1.96
0.28
0.24
0.05
2029
390
88
167
25
20
46
2.02
0.24
0.19
0.05
2030
333
90
171
20
16
47
2.06
0.20
0.15
0.05
2031
341
93
175
21
17
49
2.12
0.20
0.15
0.05
2032
349
95
180
21
17
50
2.17
0.20
0.15
0.05
2033
358
97
184
22
17
51
2.22
0.20
0.15
0.05
2034
367
100
188
22
18
52
2.28
0.20
0.15
0.05
2035
376
102
193
23
18
53
2.33
0.20
0.15
0.05
2036
385
105
198
23
19
55
2.39
0.20
0.15
0.05
2037
394
107
203
24
19
56
2.45
0.20
0.15
0.05
* growth assumes 2008 emissions are equivalent to 2010 emissions, and then grow proportionally to TEU.
** assume SOx 95% reduced by 2015; NOx 80% PM 85% by 2030
IMO energy efficiency requirement--30% reduction by 2025 for NEW SHIPS ONLY--NEGLECT.

D-3

3,000 to
3,499
0.27
0.31
0.36
0.41
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.72
0.80
0.89
0.99
1.07
1.14
1.22
1.31
1.43
1.56
1.70
1.86
2.03

Total
0.74
0.88
1.03
1.13
1.24
1.35
1.47
1.64
1.82
2.01
2.21
2.42
2.57
2.72
2.87
3.02
3.29
3.58
3.89
4.22
4.57

1.61%
1.82%
2.03%
2.17%
2.31%
2.45%
2.59%
2.80%
3.01%
3.23%
3.44%
3.67%
3.78%
3.90%
4.01%
4.13%
4.39%
4.66%
4.94%
5.24%
5.54%