A. Identify the premises and conclusions in the following passages.

Example
1. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep
and bear arms shall not be infringed.
Answer:
Premise: A well regulated militia is necessary for the security of a free state.
Conclusion: The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
2. It is essential for the complaint to show on its face what are claimed to be the fraudulent corporate
acts if the complainant wishes to invoke the courts special commercial jurisdiction. This is because
fraud in intra-corporate controversies must be based on devises and schemes employed by, or any act
of, the board of directors, business associates, officers or partners, amounting to fraud or
misrepresentation which may be detrimental to the interest of the public and/or of the stockholders,
partners, or members of any corporation, partnership, or association, as stated under Rule 1, Section
1 (a)(1) of the Interim Rules. The act of fraud or misrepresentation complained of becomes a criterion
in determining whether the complaint on its face has merits, or within the jurisdiction of special
commercial court, or merely a nuisance suit.
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3. Petitioners were illegally dismissed as they were not afforded substantive and procedural due process.
To justify the dismissal of an employee on the ground of serious misconduct, the employer must first
establish that the employee is guilty of improper conduct, that the employee violated an existing and
valid company rule or regulation, or that the employee is guilty of a wrongdoing. In the instant case,
Biomedica failed to even present a copy of the rules and to prove that petitioners were made aware of
such regulations.
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B. Fill in the blanks.

1. __________ is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct reasoning from
incorrect reasoning.
2. If the premises do provide adequate grounds for accepting the conclusion, if asserting the premises to
be true does warrant asserting the conclusion also to be true, then the reasoning is __________.
3. Propositions are the ____________________ of every argument
4. The term _____________________ refers to the process by which one proposition is arrived at and
affirmed on the basis of one or more other propositions accepted as the starting point of the process.
5. An ____________________ is any group of propositions of which one is claimed to follow from the
others, which are regarded as providing support or grounds for the truth of that one.
6. The ______________________________ is the proposition that is affirmed on the basis of the other
propositions of the argument, and these other propositions, which are affirmed (or assumed) as
providing support or reasons for accepting the conclusion, are the premises of that argument.
7. The simplest kind of argument consists of just ___________________ and __________________ that is
claimed to follow from it, or to be implied by it.
8. It should be emphasized that while every argument is a structured cluster of propositions, __________
every structured cluster of propositions is an argument.