TRANFORMER TESTING PROCEDURE & PURPOSE OF TESTING

The following constitutes pre-commissioning tests at site.

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) ()) Insulation resistance test Ratio test on all taps.. Open circuit test for measurement of magnetizing current. Short circuit test. Operation test on OLT if pro!ided. "easurement of winding resistance of all windings# at all taps in winding ha!ing taps. $etermination of %ector group and polarit& test. "easurement of capacitance and tan delta of transformer bushings of '(T !oltage rating. ore balance test. Tests on bushing Ts if pro!ided.

*. I+S,L-TIO+ R'SIST-+ '.

Purpose To check any insulation failure in the core of the transformer. Instrument required 2.5 KV Megger Procedure:First remove the cover of the terminal block. In normal condition the three terminals C !CC"# are shorted by using metal $late. For core insulation testing disconnect the closing link that connects the t%o terminals C and #. Connect the &ve terminal of the megger in C terminal and 've terminal to CC&#. (efore testing the tank should be grounded. )$$ly 2.5 KV *.C su$$ly bet%een C and CC&#. The insulation value after 1 minute test should be more than 1000 M ohm for the newly installed transformer.

1. An INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST OF TRANSFOR ER

PURPOSE The $ur$ose of this testing is to check the soundness of the transformer insulation. This test reveals the condition of degree of dryness of $a$er insulation! $resents of any foreign PROCEDURE 1. nsulation resistan!e measurement usin" #$% Me""er &a' (%)E * +% Conduct the test by a$$lying 5KV. Measure the I+ value after ,- sec! .- sec and ,- minute. Result T!e IR "#$ue s!ou$d %e minimum &''' o!m Usin" the R measurement value !al!ulate Diele!tri! absor,tion ratio and Polari-ation nde.. Diele!tri! absor,tion ratio/ R value after 00 se!) 1# se! Polari-ation nde./ R value after 10 minute) 1 minute f diele!tri! absor,tion is above 1.1 and Polari-ation nde. is more than 1.2# then insulation 3uality is assumed to be "ood. /0 )+I1)TI02 I2*34 ess than , ,.-',., ,.,',.25 ,.25'2.2.-'6.)bove 6.45U+6T O4 CO4D T O4 *angerous /oor 5uestionable Fair #ood 37cellent

2. MEASUREMENT OF WINDING RESISTANCE OF TRANSFORMER Purpose

Transformer %inding resistance is measured to check for any abnormalities due to loose connections! broken strands and high contact resistance in ta$ changers. Instrument required Transformer winding resistance meter (*/ to 01 - will in)ect) Procedure 1. (i"h volta"e side a. Connect the instrument bet%een 8V terminal9+ $hase: and IV terminal9+ $hase:. b. Measure the resistance by $utting ta$ $osition in ,. c. +e$eat the testing by changing ta$ $osition u$ to ,;. 9Tem$erature should also taken: d. Conduct the test in < /hase and ( $hase %ith same $rocedure 2. ntermediate volta"e side a. connect the instrument bet%een IV terminal9+ $hase: and neutral b. +e$eat the in < $hase and ( $hase 1. +ow volta"e side a. connect the instrument bet%een V terminal9+ $hase: and 9( $hase: b. +e$eat the test bet%een <'( and +'< 4ormally the resistan!e will be below 1 ohm . )ll the %inding tem$erature reading should be recorded and the resistance at ;5=c be calculated as follo%s. R7#8R t&21#*7#' ) &21#*t' 9here Rt8 Resistan!e measured t89indin" tem,erature 6llowable deviation for this test in the filed is #:.

2.%' TOR 3RO,4 T'ST 5OR TR-+S5OR'"'R

1. (ECTOR )ROUP *POLARIT+ TEST Purpose To determine the $hase relationshi$ and $olarity of Transformers.

Procedure ,. >oin ,+, of 8V and ?+, of Tertiary 2. >oin neutral and V terminal %ith earth ?. )$$ly 6,5v!? $hase su$$ly to 8V terminals. 6. Measure the voltage across the follo%ing terminals. 1R1;1<1=1<1;1>1=1>1;1R1=1<1;1>1=1<1;1<1=1R1;4=1<1;4=1>1;4=2R1;4=2<1; 4=2>1;4 Ensure 2R1;482<1;482>1;4 Ensure 1R1;4 ? 1<1;4 ? 1>1;4 6nd 1<1;1>1 ? 1<1;1<1 The above !onfirms ve!tor "rou, <naod11 and verifies ,olarity. 1. Dd0 Measure voltage at the terminal of ,@',V!,@'2V!2V',@!,@',A!,@'2A!2A',A!,V' 2V!2A,A!,@'2V!2A',@!,V',@!,@',A CO4D T O456' 1U;1%81U;2%*2%;2U >' 1U;1981U;29*29;19 C' 1%;2%829;1U D' 1%;2%819;29 2. <4O0d1 Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',V!,V',A!,A',@!,@'?@!?V'2!,@'2!,A' ?A! ,A'?A!,A'?@!,@'?A!,V'?V!,@'2@!2@'2!,@'2!,V'2V!2@'2!,V'2!,A' 2A!2A'2!,A'2. CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' &1U;14'8 &1U;1%*1%;14'

>' &19;1%'8&19;19'

C' &1%;1%@1%;19' 1. <40OD11 Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',V!,V',A!,A',@!,@'?@!?V'2!,@'2!,A' ?A! ,A'?A!,A'?@!,@'?A!,V'?V!,@'2@!2@'2!,@'2!,V'2V!2@'2!,V'2!,A' 2A!2A'2!,A'2. CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' 2U;482%;4829;4 >' 1U;4?1%;4?19;4 C' 1%;19?1%;1% Aor e.am,le/ ve!tor "rou, &<4a0d1'
a: (et%een 8V " IV 9<yo: ,. ,@ " 2@ shorted. 2. ? /hase Voltage a$$lied to 8V. Voltage )$$lied in Volts. ,@'',V B 6-..C,V'',A ,A'',@ ,@D2 ,VD2 B B B B 2@''2V 6,-.,6,-.,2?6.6266.,B 2V''2A 2A''2@ 2@D2 2VD2 Voltage Measured in Volts. 6-6.;B B B B ,CC.?,C?.,2??.;,-C.;-

1WN =230.70

2WN

=
,@D2@ ,@D2V ,@D2A ,VD2@ ,VD2V

105.00
B B B B B -.?2 ?-6.-?-C.-6-5.6,?..5-

,VD2A ,AD2@ ,AD2V

B B B

?-5.E6-E..2E?.;,25.?-

,AD2A B B ,@!2@

,V F 2V B ,A F 2A ,?..5 B ,25.?2A

IV F 2V G ,V F 2AH ,?..5 G?-5.E-

2V

,A F 2AG ,A F 2V ,25.? G 2E?.;

,A

,V

b: (et%een 8V " V 9yd:

,. ,@ " ?@ shorted 2. ? /hase Voltage a$$lied to 8V ?. Voltage )$$lied in Volts. ,@D,V ,VD,A ,A',@ ,@D2 ,VD2 IAD2 B B B B B B 6-;.56-;.E6-E.62?C.?2?5.,2?5.2-

Voltage Measured in Volts. ?@D?V ?VD?A B ?AD?@ ,@D?@ ,@D?V ,@'?A B ,;.EB B B B ,C.,-.-,;.C,;.E,;.E-

,V'?V ,@! ?@ ,V'?@ ,V'?A ,A'?@ ?A ,A'?V ,A'?A ?V ,V F ?A 6-E ,V F ?A 6-E

B B B B B B H H H H

6-;.E?E?.26-E.-6,-.-?E6.C?E6.-,A F ?A ?E6.. ,V F ?V ?E?.2

,V ?A

,@! 2@

B. <4yn0 Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',A!,@',V!,@',2!,A',2!,V',2!2@'22!2V' 22! 2A'22!,A'2A!,A'2V!,V'2A!,V'2V.

CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' 1U;19?1U;29 >'1%;2%819;29

2A

22

2V

,A

,V

C'1U;1481U;14*14;1% 14

#. <4yn0 Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',2! ,A',2! ,V',2! ,A'2A! ,V'2V! ,V'2A! and ,A'2V. CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' 19;2981%;2% >' 1%;2%?19;2% C' 19;2%81%;29

0. Dyn# Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',V! ,@',A! ,V',A! 2@'22! 2V'22! 2A'22! and ,V'2V. ,V'2A! ,@'22! ,A'2V! ,A'2A.

CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' 1%;2%81%;29 >' 1U;1981U;1% C' 1%;2481%82U*2U;24 D' 1%;2%?24;1% 7. Dyn1

Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',V! ,@',A! ,V',A! 2@'22! 2V'22! 2A'22! and ,V'2V. ,V'2A! ,@'22! ,A'2V! ,A'2A.

CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' 1U;29?1U;2% >' 19;298192% C' 1U;1981U;14*14;19 C. <4d11 Measure the voltage at the terminals of ,@',V!,@',A!,V',A!2@'22!2V'22!2A'22!,V' 2V. ,V'2A!,@'22!,A'2V!,A'2A.

CO4D T O4 E45URE 6' 1%;2%81%;29 >' 1U;1%81U;14*14;1% C' 1U;1482U;29*29;14 B.%O+T6DE R6T O TE5T Pur,ose To determine the turns ratio of transformer9V/IVJ: nstrument re3uired Turns ratio meter Pro!edure Ratio/ (%) % Kee$ the ta$ $osition of the transformer in lo%est $osition and IV and V terminals o$en.The voltage should be a$$lied only in the high voltage %inding in order to avoid unsafe voltage. )$$ly ? $hase 6,5V su$$ly on 8V terminals.

Measure the voltage a$$lied on each $hase 9$h'$h: on 8V and V terminals simultaneously. +atio measurement must be made on all the ta$s to confirm the $ro$er alignment and o$eration of the ta$ changer. Calculate the turnKs ratio in each $osition of the ta$.'V/IVJ The ratio toleran!e should be within 0.#:. Ratio/ (%)+% )$$ly 2?-V bet%een 8V and 2eutral. Measure the voltage a$$lied on 8V 9/h'2: and V 9/h'/h: simultaneously. Calculate the turnKs ratio %hv I %lv Ratio / %)+% )$$ly 2?-V bet%een IV and 2eutral. Measure the voltage a$$lied on IV 9/h'2: and V 9/h'/h: simulteously Calculate the turnKs ratio %iv I %lv . #. A)NETISATION CURRENT TEST ,e-inition 37citationI MagnetiLing current is the current reMuired to force a given flu7 through the core

Purpose 37citationI MagnetiLing current test is $erformed to locate defect in magnetic core structure! shifting of %indings! failures in turn to turn insulation or $roblems in ta$ changer.

Pro!edure 1. 6,,ly 1 ,hase B1#% su,,ly on (% terminal and Eee, % and +% o,en ). )$$ly ? /h 6,5V su$$ly on 8V terminals. c. Measure the voltages a$$lied on each $hase 9/h'/h: and $hase current in each 8V %inding 2. 6,,ly 1 ,hase B1#% a! su,,ly on % terminals and Eee, (% F +% o,en a. Kee$ the ta$ $osition of transformer in the 2ormal 9Eb: $osition and $ut 8V and V terminals in o$en. b. )$$ly ? /h 6,5V su$$lies on IV terminals h. Measure the voltages a$$lied on each $hase 9/h'/h: and $hase current in each IV %inding. Evaluation Une3ual !urrents shall indi!ate ,ossible short !ir!uits in windin". 0. A+O6T 4D 4UETR6+ %O+T6DE ME65UREME4T Pur,ose This test is conducted to ascertain the $ossibility of short circuit in a %inding. Pro!edure

Kee$ the ta$ in normal $osition. *isconnect the transformer neutral from ground. )$$ly ? /h 6,5V to the high voltage %inding and make the measurement in the IV %inding %ith res$ect to neutral and neutral $oint to ground.

Then a$$ly ? /h 6,5V to the intermediate voltage %inding and make the measurement in the tertiary %inding %ith res$ect to neutral and neutral $oint to ground.

Result/;

Aor a healthy transformer when 1 ,h balan!e volta"e is a,,lied= the volta"e between neutral and "round is -ero or otherwise a ne"li"ible volta"e will a,,ear. f there is a volta"e between the neutral and "round then there is a short !ir!uit fault in the windin". 7.M6D4ET C >6+64CE TE5T Pur,ose The test is conduct to check the balance in the magnetic circuit in three $hase transformers Pro!edure

Kee$ the ta$ $osition of the transformer in normal 9Eb: *isconnect the transformer neural ground )$$ly single $hase voltage 92?-V: bet%een $hase and neutral of a %inding 9+' /h to 2 in 8V: and measure the voltage induced in other t%o $hases of the same %inding9< $h to 2 " ( $h to 2 in 8V:

Result

The identi!al result !onfirms no dama"e due to trans,ortation. Gero volta"e or very ne"li"ible volta"e indu!ed in any of the other two ,hases shall be investi"ated.

..S/ORT CIRCUIT TEST

Purpose To measure the short circuit current of the winding. Instrument required %oltmeter-(/-6//%) # -mmeter-(/-*-) Procedure Connect ? $hase 6,5V su$$ly to the 8V %inding %ith voltmeter and ammeter. Jhort the ? $hase of V %inding and kee$ the ta$ in lo%est $osition9,:

)$$ly ? $hase 6,5V to $rimary and measure the $rimary voltage and current

)ll the time take the $rimary voltage and short circuit current
EE 5TD; 02= 1HH# MPEDE4CE %O+T6DE/
7ofimpedence *//

(%

5 DE %O+T6DE

PR M6R< 5(ORT CURRE4T/

appliedvoltage Hvcurrent impedencevoltage appliedvoltage Lvcurrent impedencevolts

5ECO4D6R< 5(ORT CURRE4T/

&OR'

5ECO4D6R< 5(ORT CURRE4T/ R6T O PR M6R< CURRE4T

H.T64 DE+T6 64D C6P6C T64CE OA >U5( 4D OA TR645AORMER Pur,ose *issi$ation factor9Tan delta: and ca$acitance measurement of bushing $rovides an indication of the Muality and soundness of the insulation in the bushing. Definition *issi$ation factor I loss factor 9Tan delta: is defined as the ratio of resistive com$onent of current to that of ca$acitive current flo%ing in an insulating material. nstruments re3uired Measurements of ca$acitance and dissi$ation factor under high voltage condition are commonly made using a Jchering (ridge. Testin" modes U5T mode /& un"rounded s,e!imen test' This is used %hen s$ecimen is isolated from the earth. D5T mode &"round s,e!imen test mode' This is used %hen s$ecimen do not have t%o s$ecific $oints 9isolated from ground: Tan delta measurement of bushin" of transformer is doin" in U5T mode. This test is !ondu!ted by a,,lyin" a test volta"e u, to 10$% by usin" Tan delta Eit.

Result Tan delta measurement of all bushin" should be less than 0.007.

T64 DE+T6 F C6P6C T64CE ME65UREME4T OA 9 4D 4D5 Pur,ose Ca$acitance and Tan delta measurement of %inding is carried out to ascertain the general condition of the ground and inter %inding insulation of transformer. Testin" modes Tan delta measurement of bushin" of transformer is doin" in D5T mode. This test is !ondu!ted by a,,lyin" a test volta"e u, to 10$% by usin" Tan delta Eit Pro!edure For ICT! Tan delta measurement of %inding is to be done in #JT M0*3 in Three combinations 1. (%* %)+%*T64$*D 2. Pro!edure ,. +emove the grounding stra$ from the neutral bushing of the 8V %inding. 2. Jhort the 8V %inding ?. Jhort the V %inding 6. Jhort the IV %inding 5. Interconnect the 8V " V %inding .. Interconnect the V %inding %ith tank and ground ;. Connect the 8igh voltage terminal of Tan delta kit in to 8V (ushing C. Connect the o% voltage terminal of Tan delta kit in to Tank E. Conduct the test by a$$lying 2KV ",-KV ,-. Measure the Tan delta "Ca$acitance 2. (%* %*+%) T64$*D Pro!edure

,. +emove the grounding stra$ from the neutral bushing of the 8V %inding. 2. Jhort the 8V %inding ?. Jhort the V %inding 6. Jhort the IV %inding 5. Interconnect the 8V!IV " V %inding .. Interconnect the tank and ground ;. Connect the 8igh voltage terminal of Tan delta kit in to 8V (ushing C. Connect the o% voltage terminal of Tan delta kit in to Tank E. Conduct the test by a$$lying 2KV ",-KV ,-. Measure the Tan delta "Ca$acitance 2. +%)(%* %*T64$*D Pro!edure ,. +emove the grounding stra$ from the neutral bushing of the 8V %inding. 2. Jhort the 8V %inding ?. Jhort the V %inding 6. Jhort the IV %inding 5. Interconnect the 8V!IV %inding %ith Tank and ground. ;. Connect the 8igh voltage terminal of Tan delta kit in to 8V (ushing C. Connect the o% voltage terminal of Tan delta kit in to V bushing. E. Conduct the test by a$$lying 2KV ",-KV ,-. Measure the Tan delta "Ca$acitance 4ote/ The Tan delta value of windin" should be less than 0.007.

TRANSFORMER TESTING PROCEDURE AND LIMITS