Brain TransfusionTM

Paul DeBellis
Copyright 2008-2009
Brain Transfusion Contents
Introduction
Important Disclaimer
Chapter 1: five major theories of motivation.
Chapter 2: Senses
Chapter 3: Theories on Emotion
Chapter 4: Chemistry of the Brain.
Chapter 5: Anatomy of the Nervous System
Chapter 6: Modern brain imaging
Chapter 7: Forgiveness
Chapter 8: Attitude of Grattitude
Chapter 9: Four parts of the Brain
Chapter 10: Guard Your Thoughts
Chapter 11: Get Fixed on a Target
Chapter 12: Programming Your Subconscious Mind
Chapter 13: Resolving Conflict Conscious VS Subconscious
Chapter 14: Reprogramming Your Subconscious Mind
Chapter 15: Summary
Introduction
What do you want from life? What do you want to contribute to this
world? We all have been blessed with unique gifts and talents but have
maybe never developed them and used them to their full potential
because just maybe we have roadblocks preventing us from reaching
our full potential. We might want a new job, or maybe you want to start
your own business or serve on a mission field. Whatever it is you want
to do has to start with you making up your mind you want to do it.
There are many steps we need to take to achieve results. The first
step is realizing you need help and want it, this is a critical starting
point if you dont believe this dont go any further until you do.
You see we are dealing with the power of the mind, and its Conscious
and Subconscious abilities. So you must have an attitude that you
want to better your life, and that it truly is possible. You must first
conceive it in your mind, and then believe it in your heart, and then you
can achieve it. Your attitude is very important, as you will see in future
chapters. What you put into this course is what you will get back from
it. Your success will be determined by your openness to learning and
applying these principles.
Our minds are made up of 2 areas the conscious and the
subconscious. The conscious is the gateway to the subconscious. The
conscious mind can determine right from wrong but the subconscious
cannot. We need to learn how to control what we allow into our
subconscious, by taking every thought captive. The good news is that
Its not too late to reprogram some of those negative subconscious
thoughts we already have allowed in. Thats what Brain Transfusion
deals with reprogramming our subconscious minds.
The conscious level only takes in what you see and hear and initially
deposit that information.
The subconscious processes them for us to act on, then are delivered
to our conscious mind in the form of feedback that we interpret as our
thoughts.
If you compare the subconscious mind to the computer, it is the
operating system. It contains all our memory, habits, beliefs,
personality, and more.
As you go through the steps some will seem uncomfortable to you at
first, thats because we are people of habit and like our comfort zone.
If you want true change you must be willing to come out of your
comfort zone to see true results.
Go through the steps in order its important you dont skip.
I have spent countless hours researching Neuroscience books,
journals and articles and psychology books to understand how the
Human Brain functions, and how we can unlock the keys to it's
unlimited potential. I have taken all of the information and compiled it
in lay mans terms so that all could benefit from it.
Important Disclaimer: Although every effort has been has been made to
ensure this book is free from errors, this publication is with the
understanding that the authors, editors, and publishers are not responsible
for the results of any action taken on the basis of information in this work,
nor for any errors or omissions. The publishers and the authors and editors,
expressly disclaim all and any liability to any person, whether a reader of
this publication or not, in respect of anything and of consequences of
anything done or omitted to be done by such person in reliance, whether
whole or partial, upon the whole or part of the contents of this publication. If
expert advice is required, services of a competent professional person
should be sought.
Chapter 1: Motivation
Ever wonder why some people seem to be very successful, highly
motivated individuals? Where does the energy, the drive, or the
direction come from? Motivation is an area of psychology that has
gotten a great deal of attention, especially in the recent years. The
reason is because we all want to be successful, we all want direction
and drive, and we all want to be seen as motivated.
There are several distinct theories of motivation we will discuss in this
section. Some include basic biological forces, while others seem to
transcend concrete explanation. Let's talk about the five major
theories of motivation.
Instinct Theory
Instinct theory is derived from our biological make-up. We've all seen
spider's webs and perhaps even witnessed a spider in the tedious job
of creating its home and trap. We've all seen birds in their nests,
feeding their young or painstakingly placing the twigs in place to form
their new home. How do spiders know how to spin webs? How do
birds now how to build nests?
The answer is biology. All creatures are born with specific innate
knowledge about how to survive. Animals are born with the capacity
and often times knowledge of how to survive by spinning webs,
building nests, avoiding danger, and reproducing. These innate
tendencies are preprogrammed at birth, they are in our genes, and
even if the spider never saw a web before, never witnessed its
creation, it would still know how to create one.
Humans have the same types of innate tendencies. Babies are born
with a unique ability that allows them to survive; they are born with
the ability to cry. Without this, how would others know when to feed
the baby, know when he needed changing, or when she wanted
attention and affection? Crying allows a human infant to survive. We
are also born with particular reflexes which promote survival. The
most important of these include sucking, swallowing, coughing,
blinking. Newborns can perform physical movements to avoid pain;
they will turn their head if touched on their cheek and search for a
nipple (rooting reflex); and they will grasp an object that touches the
palm of their hands.
Drive Reduction Theory
According to Clark Hull (1943, 1952), humans have internal biological
needs which motivate us to perform a certain way. These needs, or
drives, are defined by Hull as internal states of arousal or tension
which must be reduced. A prime example would be the internal
feelings of hunger or thirst, which motivates us to eat. According to
this theory, we are driven to reduce these drives so that we may
maintain a sense of internal calmness.
Arousal Theory
Similar to Hull's Drive Reduction Theory, Arousal theory states that we
are driven to maintain a certain level of arousal in order to feel
comfortable. Arousal refers to a state of emotional, intellectual, and
physical activity. It is different from the above theory, however,
because it doesn't rely on only a reduction of tension, but a balanced
amount. It also does better to explain why people climb mountains, go
to school, or watch sad movies.
Psychoanalytic Theory
Remember Sigmund Freud and his five part theory of personality. As
part of this theory, he believed that humans have only two basic
drives: Eros and Thanatos, or the Life and Death drives. According to
Psychoanalytic theory, everything we do, every thought we have, and
every emotion we experience has one of two goals: to help us survive
or to prevent our destruction. This is similar to instinct theory,
however, Freud believed that the vast majority of our knowledge about
these drives is buried in the unconscious part of the mind.
Psychoanalytic theory therefore argues that we go to school because
it will help assure our survival in terms of improved finances, more
money for healthcare, or even an improved ability to find a spouse. We
move to better school districts to improve our children's ability to
survive and continue our family tree. We demand safety in our cars,
toys, and in our homes. We want criminal locked away, and we want
to be protected against poisons, terrorists, and any thing else that
could lead to our destruction. According to this theory, everything we
do, everything we are can be traced back to the two basic drives
Humanistic Theory
Although discussed last, humanistic theory is perhaps the most well
know theory of motivation. According to this theory, humans are
driven to achieve their maximum potential and will always do so
unless obstacles are placed in their way. These obstacles include
hunger, thirst, financial problems, safety issues, or anything else that
takes our focus away from maximum psychological growth.
The best way to describe this theory is to utilize the famous pyramid
developed by Abraham Maslow (1970) called the Hierarchy of Needs.
Maslow believed that humans have specific needs that must be met
and that if lower level needs go unmet, we can not possible strive for
higher level needs. The Hierarchy of Needs shows that at the lower
level, we must focus on basic issues such as food, sleep, and safety.
Without food, without sleep, how could we possible focus on the
higher level needs such as respect, education, and recognition?
Throughout our lives, we work toward achieving the top of the
pyramid, self actualization, or the realization of all of our potential. As
we move up the pyramid, however, things get in the way which slow us
down and often knock us backward. Imagine working toward the
respect and recognition of your colleagues and suddenly finding
yourself out of work and homeless. Suddenly, you are forced
backward and can no longer focus your attention on your work due to
the need for finding food and shelter for you and your family.
According to Maslow, nobody has ever reached the peak of his
pyramid. We all may strive for it and some may even get close, but no
one has achieved full self-actualization. Self-actualization means a
complete understanding of who you are, a sense of completeness, of
being the best person you could possibly be. To have achieved this
goal is to stop living, for what is there to strive for if you have learned
everything about yourself, if you have experienced all that you can,
and if there is no way left for you to grow emotionally, intellectually, or
spiritually.
Chapter 2: Senses
There is no firm agreement among neurologists as to the number of
senses because of differing definitions of what constitutes a sense.
One definition states that an exteroceptive sense is a faculty by which
outside stimuli are perceived. The traditional five senses are sight,
hearing, touch, smell, taste: a classification attributed to Aristotle.
Humans also have at least six additional senses (a total of eleven
including interoceptive senses) that include: nociception (pain),
equilibrioception (balance), proprioception & kinesthesia (joint motion
and acceleration), sense of time, thermoception (temperature
differences), and in some a weak magnetoception (direction).
One commonly recognized categorisation for human senses is as
follows: chemoreception; photoreception; mechanoreception; and
thermoception. Indeed, all human senses fit into one of these four
categories.
Different senses also exist in other animals, for example
electroreception.
A broadly acceptable definition of a sense would be "a system that
consists of a group of sensory cell types that responds to a specific
physical phenomenon, and that corresponds to a particular group of
regions within the brain where the signals are received and
interpreted." Disputes about the number of senses typically arise
around the classification of the various cell types and their mapping to
regions of the brain.
Sight
Sight or vision is the ability of the brain and eye to detect
electromagnetic waves within the visible range (light) interpreting the
image as "sight." There is disagreement as to whether this constitutes
one, two or three senses. Neuroanatomists generally regard it as two
senses, given that different receptors are responsible for the
perception of colour (the frequency of photons of light) and brightness
(amplitude/intensity - number of photons of light). Some argue that
stereopsis, the perception of depth, also constitutes a sense, but it is
generally regarded as a cognitive (that is, post-sensory) function of
brain to interpret sensory input and to derive new information. The
inability to see is called blindness.
Hearing
Hearing or audition is the sense of sound perception. Since sound is
vibrations propagating through a medium such as air, the detection of
these vibrations, that is the sense of the hearing, is a mechanical
sense akin to a sense of touch, albeit a very specialized one. In
humans, this perception is executed by tiny hair fibres in the inner ear
which detect the motion of a membrane which vibrates in response to
changes in the pressure exerted by atmospheric particles within a
range of 20 to 22000 Hertz, with substantial variation between
individuals. Sound can also be detected as vibrations conducted
through the body by tactition. Lower and higher frequencies than that
can be heard are detected this way only. The inability to hear is called
deafness.
Taste
Taste or gustation is one of the two main "chemical" senses. There
are at least four types of tastes that "buds" (receptors) on the tongue
detect, and hence there are anatomists who argue that these
constitute five or more different senses, given that each receptor
conveys information to a slightly different region of the brain. The
inability to taste is called ageusia.
The four well-known receptors detect sweet, salt, sour, and bitter,
although the receptors for sweet and bitter have not been conclusively
identified. A fifth receptor, for a sensation called umami, was first
theorised in 1908 and its existence confirmed in 2000. The umami
receptor detects the amino acid glutamate, a flavour commonly found
in meat and in artificial flavourings such as monosodium glutamate.
Note that taste is not the same as flavour; flavour includes the smell of
a food as well as its taste.
Smell
Smell or olfaction is the other "chemical" sense. Unlike taste, there
are hundreds of olfactory receptors, each binding to a particular
molecular feature. Odour molecules possess a variety of features and
thus excite specific receptors more or less strongly. This combination
of excitatory signals from different receptors makes up what we
perceive as the molecule's smell. In the brain, olfaction is processed
by the olfactory system. Olfactory receptor neurons in the nose differ
from most other neurons in that they die and regenerate on a regular
basis. The inability to smell is called anosmia. Some neurons in the
nose are specialized to detect pheromones.
Touch
Touch, also called mechanoreception or somatic sensation, is the
sense of pressure perception, generally in the skin. There are a variety
of nerve endings that respond to variations in pressure (e.g., firm,
brushing, and sustained). The inability to feel anything or almost
anything is called anesthesia. Paresthesia is a sensation of tingling,
pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long term
physical effect.
Balance and acceleration
Balance, equilibrioception, or vestibular sense is the sense which
allows an organism to sense body movement, direction, and
acceleration, and to attain and maintain postural equilibrium and
balance. The organ of equilibrioception is the vestibular labyrinthine
system found in both of the inner ears. Technically this organ is
responsible for two senses, angular momentum and linear acceleration
(which also senses gravity), but they are known together as
equilibrioception.
The vestibular nerve conducts information from the three semicircular
canals corresponding to the three spatial planes, the utricle, and the
saccule. The ampulla, or base, portion of the three semicircular canals
each contain a structure called a crista. These bend in response to
angular momentum or spinning. The saccule and utricle, also called
the "otolith organs", sense linear acceleration and thus gravity.
Otoliths are small crystals of calcium carbonate that provide the
inertia needed to detect changes in acceleration or gravity.
Temperature
Thermoception is the sense of heat and the absence of heat (cold) by
the skin and including internal skin passages. The thermoceptors in
the skin are quite different from the homeostatic thermoceptors in the
brain (hypothalamus) which provide feedback on internal body
temperature.
Kinesthetic sense
Proprioception, the kinesthetic sense, provides the parietal cortex of
the brain with information on the relative positions of the parts of the
body. Neurologists test this sense by telling patients to close their
eyes and touch the tip of a finger to their nose. Assuming proper
proprioceptive function, at no time will the person lose awareness of
where the hand actually is, even though it is not being detected by any
of the other senses. Proprioception and touch are related in subtle
ways, and their impairment results in surprising and deep deficits in
perception and action.
Pain
Nociception (physiological pain) signals near-damage or damage to
tissue. The three types of pain receptors are cutaneous (skin), somatic
(joints and bones) and visceral (body organs). It was believed that pain
was simply the overloading of pressure receptors, but research in the
first half of the 20th century indicated that pain is a distinct
phenomenon that intertwines with all of the other senses, including
touch. Pain was once considered an entirely subjective experience,
but recent studies show that pain is registered in the anterior
cingulate gyrus of the brain.
Other internal senses
An internal sense or interoception is "any sense that is normally
stimulated from within the body." These involve numerous sensory
receptors in internal organs, such as stretch receptors that are
neurologically linked to the brain.
Pulmonary stretch receptors are found in the lungs and control
the respiratory rate.
Cutaneous receptors in the skin not only respond to touch,
pressure, and temperature, but also respond to vasodilation in
the skin such as blushing.
Stretch receptors in the gastrointestinal tract sense gas
distension that may result in colic pain.
Stimulation of sensory receptors in the esophagus result in
sensations felt in the throat when swallowing, vomiting, or during
acid reflux.
Sensory receptors in pharynx mucosa, similar to touch receptors
in the skin, sense foreign objects such as food that may result in
a gagging reflex and corresponding gagging sensation.
Stimulation of sensory receptors in the urinary bladder and
rectum may result in sensations of fullness.
Stimulation of stretch sensors that sense dilation of various
blood vessels may result in pain, for example headache caused
by vasodilation of brain arteries.
Slit sensillae of spiders detect mechanical strain in the
exoskeleton, providing information on force and vibrations.
Chapter 3: Emotion
What is emotion? A feeling? Then what is a feeling? These terms are
difficult to define and even more difficult to understand completely.
People have been attempting to understand this phenomenon for
thousands of years, and will most likely debate for a thousand more.
This section will present the various theories related to the acquisition
of emotion.
The mainstream definition of emotion refers to a feeling state involving
thoughts, physiological changes, and an outward expression or
behavior. But what comes first? The thought? The physiological
arousal? The behavior? Or does emotion exist in a vacuum, whether
or not these other components are present? There are five theories
which attempt to understand why we experience emotion.
James-Lange Theory
The James-Lange theory of emotion argues that an event causes
physiological arousal first and then we interpret this arousal. Only
after our interpretation of the arousal can we experience emotion. If
the arousal is not noticed or is not given any thought, then we will not
experience any emotion based on this event.
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster,
and your breathing deepens. You notice these physiological changes
and interpret them as your body's preparation for a fearful situation.
You then experience fear.
Cannon-Bard Theory
The Cannon-Bard theory argues that we experience physiological
arousal and emotional at the same time, but gives no attention to the
role of thoughts or outward behavior.
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster,
and your breathing deepens. At the same time as these physiological
changes occur you also experience the emotion of fear.
Schachter-Singer Theory
According to this theory, an event causes physiological arousal first.
You must then identify a reason for this arousal and then you are able
to experience and label the emotion.
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you begin to tremble, your heart beats faster,
and your breathing deepens. Upon noticing this arousal you realize
that is comes from the fact that you are walking down a dark alley by
yourself. This behavior is dangerous and therefore you feel the
emotion of fear.
Lazarus Theory
Lazarus Theory states that a thought must come before any emotion
or physiological arousal. In other words, you must first think about
your situation before you can experience an emotion.
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and you think it may be a mugger so you begin to
tremble, your heart beats faster, and your breathing deepens and at
the same time experience fear.
Facial Feedback Theory
According to the facial feedback theory, emotion is the experience of
changes in our facial muscles. In other words, when we smile, we
then experience pleasure, or happiness. When we frown, we then
experience sadness. it is the changes in our facial muscles that cue
our brains and provide the basis of our emotions. Just as there are an
unlimited number of muscle configurations in our face, so to are there
a seemingly unlimited number of emotions.
EXAMPLE: You are walking down a dark alley late at night. You hear
footsteps behind you and your eyes widen, your teeth clench and your
brain interprets these facial changes as the expression of fear.
Therefore you experience the emotion of fear.
Chapter 4: Chemistry of the Brain
What you see, hear, smell, touch, taste is processed in your brain
through electrical and chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
Here are some key chemicals found in your brain.
Acetylcholine: Helps with memory and learning. It is simply made of
choline and a two-carbon molecule called acetyl.
Dopamine: Responsible for sex drive, mood, alertness and movement.
Dopamine is made from the amino acid tyrosine, once produced it can
convert into the brain chemicals norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Norepinephrine and Epinephrine: Influence alertness, arousal and
mood.
Serotonin: Mood, anxiety, arousal, aggression, appetite control,
impulse control, thinking abilities and emotional balance.
GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid induces relaxation, analgesia, and
sleep
There are a lot more chemicals: amino acids, peptides, and hormones
that influence cognition and mood.
Some of these are glutamate, histamine, endorphins, enkephalins,
growth hormones, vasopressin, prolactin, oxytocin, nitric oxide,
prostaglandins and others.
The purpose of knowing this is purely for the recognition that our
brains produce these chemicals some more or less depending on the
individual due to reasons unknown to science. It could be our diet or
our DNA. It is suggested that if we eat the proper foods and take the
supplements necessary we can help to balance these chemicals. I
must caution you at this point that you should always consult medical
advise before taking any supplements especially if you are on
medication of any kind because some supplements can interfere with
your medication and cause severe side effects or in some cases even
death.
I will not go into the specific supplements that claim to help enhance
your Mind, Memory and Mood my recommendation is that you consult
your doctor and nutritional specialists that deal with these topics.
My personal belief is that a proper balanced diet is the key, growing
your own fruits and vegetables or buying organic produce is your best
source of getting the nutritional benefits from these foods. If you eat
red meat or chicken, if possible purchase from a company that does
not use steroids or hormones in their feed or livestock.
If possible buy local this not only is the freshest but it supports your
local economy. Drink Water at least 64 oz a day, our bodies are made
up of 70% water lets keep our bodies hydrated with purified water. Due
your due diligence and get a independent lab test from the company,
because water is not regulated you could be drinking tap water in a
bottle. I have found it best to purchase a water purifier for your house
this is not only the best way to assure you of the quality of the water
but the price cant be beat I pay only 8 cents a gallon, go to my
website if you would like to get one for your families good health.
http://www.peakperformersonline.com
Exercise: Physical activity improves mental function by inducing the
growth capillaries in the brain, which helps nutrients reach the
neurons. As we get older the aging process leads to a decrease in
blood flow to our brains.
Physical exercise will also help us sleep better and bring us into a
deep sleep to allow our brain to consolidate memory and rebalance
hormones and chemicals to get us ready for a new day.
As with starting any new physical activity consult your doctor first and
see what type of exercise he advises.
Stimulate the Brain: Scientist have found that by stimulating you brain
with new challenges such as doing crossword puzzles, word jumbles,
reading, writing, reading the dictionary learning new words, learn a
new language and more recent advancement with computer based
software programs. I have found this company to be the best, here is a
link to get to their site: http://www.peakperformersonline.com click
on active icon on left side of site.
what ever you do make sure it is different from your normal routine.
New challenges will stimulate your brain and cause it to form new
connections called DSPs Dendrite SpineyProtuberences
Damaging to the Brain: Stress, Anger& Anxiety can have devastating
effects on your brain and body. There is an intricate connection
between your brain and body. They communicate through
neurotransmitters and many other chemical messengers that respond
to stress by releasing hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands to
release cortisol. To much cortisol can interfere with mental
functioning and memory and in fact can break down your immune
system.
Positive thoughts and emotions are believed to increase our immune
system by neurotransmitters sending substances back to your brain
influencing a positive mood and cognition.
Alcohol: Excess amounts of alcohol has a direct neurotoxic effect by
killing neurons. Also reduces the availability of B vitamins, moderation
is the key.
Smoking: Damaging to the blood vessels, causes constriction of
arteries, clot formation, oxidation and raised blood pressure.
Drugs: How do drugs work in the brain?
Drugs are chemicals. They work in the brain by tapping into the brain's
communication system and interfering with the way nerve cells
normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as
marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical
structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter. This similarity in
structure "fools" receptors and allows the drugs to lock onto and
activate the nerve cells. Although these drugs mimic brain chemicals,
they don't activate nerve cells in the same way as a natural
neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal messages being
transmitted through the network.
Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the nerve
cells to release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters
or prevent the normal recycling of these brain chemicals. This
disruption produces a greatly amplified message, ultimately disrupting
communication channels. The difference in effect can be described as
the difference between someone whispering into your ear and
someone shouting into a microphone.
How do drugs work in the brain to produce pleasure?
All drugs of abuse directly or indirectly target the brain's reward
system by flooding the circuit with dopamine. Dopamine is a
neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that regulate
movement, emotion, cognition, motivation, and feelings of pleasure.
The overstimulation of this system, which rewards our natural
behaviors, produces the euphoric effects sought by people who abuse
drugs and teaches them to repeat the behavior.
How does stimulation of the brain's pleasure circuit teach us to keep
taking drugs?
Our brains are wired to ensure that we will repeat life-sustaining
activities by associating those activities with pleasure or reward.
Whenever this reward circuit is activated, the brain notes that
something important is happening that needs to be remembered, and
teaches us to do it again and again, without thinking about it. Because
drugs of abuse stimulate the same circuit, we learn to abuse drugs in
the same way.
Why are drugs more addictive than natural rewards?
When some drugs of abuse are taken, they can release 2 to 10 times
the amount of dopamine that natural rewards do. In some cases, this
occurs almost immediately (as when drugs are smoked or injected),
and the effects can last much longer than those produced by natural
rewards. The resulting effects on the brain's pleasure circuit dwarfs
those produced by naturally rewarding behaviors such as eating and
sex. The effect of such a powerful reward strongly motivates people to
take drugs again and again. This is why scientists sometimes say that
drug abuse is something we learn to do very, very well.
What happens to your brain if you keep taking drugs?
Just as we turn down the volume on a radio that is too loud, the brain
adjusts to the overwhelming surges in dopamine (and other
neurotransmitters) by producing less dopamine or by reducing the
number of receptors that can receive and transmit signals. As a result,
dopamine's impact on the reward circuit of a drug abuser's brain can
become abnormally low, and the ability to experience any pleasure is
reduced. This is why the abuser eventually feels flat, lifeless, and
depressed, and is unable to enjoy things that previously brought them
pleasure. Now, they need to take drugs just to bring their dopamine
function back up to normal. And, they must take larger amounts of the
drug than they first did to create the dopamine high - an effect known
as tolerance.
How does long-term drug taking affect brain circuits?
We know that the same sort of mechanisms involved in the
development of tolerance can eventually lead to profound changes in
neurons and brain circuits, with the potential to severely compromise
the long-term health of the brain. For example, glutamate is another
neurotransmitter that influences the reward circuit and the ability to
learn. When the optimal concentration of glutamate is altered by drug
abuse, the brain attempts to compensate for this change, which can
cause impairment in cognitive function. Similarly, long-term drug
abuse can trigger adaptations in habit or nonconscious memory
systems. Conditioning is one example of this type of learning, whereby
environmental cues become associated with the drug experience and
can trigger uncontrollable cravings if the individual is later exposed to
these cues, even without the drug itself being available. This learned
"reflex" is extremely robust and can emerge even after many years of
abstinence.
What other brain changes occur with abuse?
Chronic exposure to drugs of abuse disrupts the way critical brain
structures interact to control behavior - behavior specifically related
to drug abuse. Just as continued abuse may lead to tolerance or the
need for higher drug dosages to produce an effect, it may also lead to
addiction, which can drive an abuser to seek out and take drugs
compulsively. Drug addiction erodes a person's self-control and ability
to make sound decisions, while sending intense impulses to take
drugs.
Chapter 5
Anatomy of the Nervous System
If you think of the brain as a central computer that controls all bodily
functions, then the nervous system is like a network that relays
messages back and forth from the brain to different parts of the body.
It does this via the spinal cord, which runs from the brain down
through the back and contains threadlike nerves that branch out to
every organ and body part.
When a message comes into the brain from anywhere in the body, the
brain tells the body how to react. For example, if you accidentally
touch a hot stove, the nerves in your skin shoot a message of pain to
your brain. The brain then sends a message back telling the muscles
in your hand to pull away. Luckily, this neurological relay race takes a
lot less time than it just took to read about it.
Considering everything it does, the human brain is incredibly compact,
weighing just 3 pounds. Its many folds and grooves, though, provide it
with the additional surface area necessary for storing all of the body's
important information.
The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a long bundle of nerve tissue
about 18 inches long and inch thick. It extends from the brain stem
through spine. Along the way, various nerves branch out to the entire
body. These are called the peripheral nervous system.
Both the brain and the spinal cord are protected by bone: the brain by
the bones of the skull, and the spinal cord by a set of ring-shaped
bones called vertebrae. They're both cushioned by layers of
membranes called meninges as well as a special fluid called
cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid helps protect the nerve tissue, keep it
healthy, and remove waste products.
The brain is made up of three main sections:
1. The Forebrain
The forebrain is the largest and most complex part of the brain. It
consists of the cerebrum the area with all the folds and grooves
typically seen in pictures of the brain as well as some other
structures beneath it.
The cerebrum contains the information that essentially makes us who
we are: our intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and
ability to feel and move. Specific areas of the cerebrum are in charge
of processing these different types of information. These are called
lobes, and there are four of them: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and
occipital.
The cerebrum has right and left halves, called hemispheres, which are
connected in the middle by a band of nerve fibers (the corpus
collosum) that enables the two sides to communicate. Though these
halves may look like mirror images of each other, many scientists
believe they have different functions. The left side is considered the
logical, analytical, objective side. The right side is thought to be more
intuitive, creative, and subjective. So when you're writing a book or
taking a test you're using the left side; when you're listening to music,
you're using the right side. It's believed that some people are more
"right-brained" or "left-brained" while others are more "whole-brained,"
meaning they use both halves of their brain to the same degree.
The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the cortex (also known as
"gray matter"). This is referred to as our thinking brain because this is
where we do our thinking and where our memories are stored. The
cortex has the ability to understand language handle speech.
Information collected by the five senses comes into the brain from the
spinal cord to the cortex. This information is then directed to other
parts of the nervous system for further processing. For example, when
you smash your finger with a hammer trying to hit the nail on the head,
not only does a message go out to move your hand but one also goes
to another part of the brain to help you remember not to do that again.
In the inner part of the forebrain sits the thalamus, hypothalamus, and
pituitary gland. The thalamus carries messages from the sensory
organs like the eyes, ears, nose, and fingers to the cortex. The
hypothalamus controls the pulse, thirst, appetite, sleep patterns, and
other processes in our bodies that happen automatically. It also
controls the pituitary gland, which makes the hormones that control
our growth, metabolism, digestion, sexual maturity, and response to
stress.
Beneath the cortex is the white matter, it is made up of billions of
strands of brain cells connected to one another responsible for the
brains communication. Below the white matter is the limbic system.
This is where your emotions and feelings are centered.
2. The Midbrain
The midbrain, located at the top of the brain stem that contains nerves
that send information from your eyes and ears to your thalamus. It also
controls your eyes and head movement containing more motor nerves
than any other section of the central nervous system. The Midbrain
shuts out most of the world when you sleep except loud thunderous
noise, bright lights, or someone grabbing you.
3. The Hindbrain
The hindbrain sits underneath the back end of the cerebrum, and it
consists of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla. The cerebellum also
called the "little brain" because it looks like a small version of the
cerebrum is responsible for balance, movement, and coordination.
The pons and the medulla, along with the midbrain, are often called
the brainstem. The brainstem takes in, sends out, and coordinates all
of the brain's messages. It is also controls many of the body's
automatic functions, like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure,
swallowing, digestion, and blinking.
How the Nervous System Works
The basic functioning of the nervous system depends a lot on tiny
cells called neurons. The brain has billions of them, and they have
many specialized jobs. For example, sensory neurons take information
from the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin to the brain. Motor neurons
carry messages away from the brain and back to the rest of the body.
All neurons, however, relay information to each other through a
complex electrochemical process, making connections that affect the
way we think, learn, move, and behave.
Intelligence, learning, and memory. At birth, the nervous system
contains all the neurons you will ever have, but many of them are not
connected to each other. As you grow and learn, messages travel from
one neuron to another over and over, creating connections, or
pathways, in the brain. It's why driving seemed to take so much
concentration when you first learned but now is second nature: The
pathway became established.
In young children, the brain is highly adaptable; in fact, when one part
of a young child's brain is injured, another part can often learn to take
over some of the lost function. But as we age, the brain has to work
harder to make new neural pathways, making it more difficult to
master new tasks or change established behavior patterns. That's why
many scientists believe it's important to keep challenging your brain to
learn new things and make new connections it helps keeps the brain
active over the course of a lifetime.
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Memory is another complex function of the brain. The things we've
done, learned, and seen are first processed in the cortex, and then, if
we sense that this information is important enough to remember
permanently, it's passed inward to other regions of the brain (such as
the hippocampus and amygdala) for long-term storage and retrieval. As
these messages travel through the brain, they too create pathways
that serve as the basis of our memory.
Movement. Different parts of the cerebrum are responsible for moving
different body parts. The left side of the brain controls the movements
of the right side of the body, and the right side of the brain controls the
movements of the left side of the body. When you press the
accelerator with your right foot, for example, it's the left side of your
brain that sends the message allowing you to do it.
Basic body functions. A part of the peripheral nervous system called
the autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling many of
the body processes we almost never need to think about, like
breathing, digestion, sweating, and shivering. The autonomic nervous
system has two parts: the sympathetic and the parasympathetic
nervous systems.
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for sudden stress,
like when something frightening happens, the sympathetic nervous
system makes the heart beat faster so that it sends blood more
quickly to the different body parts that might need it. It also causes
the adrenal glands at the top of the kidneys to release adrenaline, a
hormone that helps give extra power to the muscles for a quick
getaway. This process is known as the body's "fight or flight"
response.
The parasympathetic nervous system does the exact opposite: It
prepares the body for rest. It also helps the digestive tract move along
so our bodies can efficiently take in nutrients from the food we eat.
Chapter 6
Modern brain imaging techniques like PET and MRI
(Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are becoming
indispensible to research
Recent technology now allows us to see activity live in different parts
of the brain giving us a new insight to how the brain functions to
different activities and which part of the brain responds to these
activities.
Before a PET scan begins a patient is given a safe dose of a
radioactive compound. If the purpose of the PET scan is to study brain
activity, doctors and scientists choose FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose),
which is a modified glucose molecule.
Glucose is a type of sugar, and it is the main energy source for the
brain. The injected or inhaled FDG will enter the person's bloodstream,
where it can travel to the brain. If a particular area of the brain is more
active, more glucose or energy will be needed there. The more glucose
is used, the more radioactive material is absorbed.
The PET scanner measures energy that is emitted when positrons
(positively charged particles) from the radioactive material collide
with electrons (negatively charged particles) in the person's brain. The
scan can take between 30 minutes to two hours to complete.
A computer then turns these measurements into multicolored two- or
three-dimensional images. The result is a colorful picture showing
which parts of the brain were most active, based on the amount of
glucose being used there.
To create the colorful PET image, a computer displays each
measurement as a series of tiny dots. The color of each dot indicates
the intensity of the energy that is recorded. Red indicates the highest
intensity-in other words, the area of greatest brain activity.
A new technique called functional MRI can also be used to measure
brain activity. MRI detects changes in blood flow rather than the
quantity of a radioactive tracer.
When a particular site in the brain experiences increased activity,
there is a sudden rush of blood flow to that area. This blood
replenishes the oxygen used by the hard-working brain cells. By
tracking variations in blood flow, functional MRI can detect active
sites in the brain in real time.
An MRI machine looks a lot like a PET scanner but it has the added
feature of an invisible magnetic field. This is useful because certain
atoms (like hydrogen, a major component of water) give off a wave of
energy when surrounded by giant magnets.
Since blood contains lots of water molecules and therefore lots of
hydrogen atoms, the hydrogen atoms will produce pulses of energy
when a person is immersed in a magnetic field. The energy emitted
reflects increases in blood flow (and therefore brain activity) and can
be detected by a computer.
MRI also differs from PET in that the energy pulse detected by the
computer is in the form of radio waves rather than gamma rays. (A PET
scanner detects gamma rays that are produced when positrons from
the radioactive tracer collide with electrons in the brain.)
A form of energy called radiation travels through the atmosphere in
waves that can be detected by a computer. The shorter the
wavelength, the greater the energy. For example, gamma rays
(detected by PET) contain much more energy than radio waves
(detected by MRI). Frequent and prolonged exposure to high-level
radiation such as ultra-violet waves and gamma rays is known to
cause DNA damage. However, small, short doses of radiation (such as
in PET scans) are generally considered relatively safe.
Chapter 7: Forgiveness
This is a cleansing process helping to remove
roadblocks!
Forgiveness is the beginning of peace and happiness.
Revenge is like a virus, which eats into the very core of the mind, and
poisons the entire soul.
When we dont forgive those who have done us wrong and hurt us so
deep, we are putting up another roadblock preventing us from
receiving the fullness of life. As hard as it is to let it go it will hinder
you until you do. Remember this will benefit you, dont let someone
elses ill will keep you from living your full life now. Follow the steps
and break the chains that have been holding you back.
STEP 1: Sit down and make a list of all the people who have hurt you.
Now write out a paragraph saying you forgive them for what they have
said or done. This exercise might require you to send a letter to that
person or call them on the phone; the important thing is that you truly
forgive them for what they have done.
Write the paragraph at least 21 times in the next 21days its important
that you realize it takes 21 days to form a habit.
STEP 2: Now forgive yourself for anything you have done to yourself or
anyone else. Write a paragraph to yourself forgiving yourself 21 times
in 21 days.
STEP 3: Now write a Letter asking whomever you need to forgive you.
Do these 21 times in 21 days and you might have to send a letter to
the people only once. The important thing is you get released of the
guilt and pain.
Chapter 8: Attitude of Gratitude
Start by focusing on positive things in your life, no matter how small
start by being thankful for your family, that you have a roof over your
head, clothes on your back, food, your car, a job, whatever just be
thankful.
If a person lacks abundance and does not show gratitude, he will
continue to live with lack because he has not shown he deserves
more.
This is why when we show gratitude, we are closer to God than
anyone else. And we get the rewards for doing so. Therefore, the more
grateful we are when we get good things, the more good things we will
receive. And in some cases, these good things will start coming more
rapidly than before. As you create new thoughts and act in harmony
with those thoughts with a show of gratitude, you will come closer to
get the thing you thought of or ask for.
Gratitude has many benefits in that it can keep you from feeling
inadequate. It can keep your mind focused on the good rather than the
bad. You can think more abundantly by having gratitude.
Think about this. If your show of gratitude is strong, the results that
come back to you will be strong. If your debt of gratitude is
continuous, your supply will also be continuous. If you start losing your
attitude of gratitude, you will find you will lose ground rapidly and end
up on the losing end of life. This is why having gratitude is so
important. This is one of Gods universal laws. You reap what you sow.
Step 1: Write down all of the things you are grateful for, do this at least
21 times for 21 days straight.
Now read it to yourself every time, finally read it out loud.
Now tell others how grateful you are.
Chapter 9: Four parts of the brain
Part 1: The left Brain (deals with logic, words analytical)
Part 2: The Right Brain (patterns, symbols, rhythm, sound creative)
Part 3: The Mid Brain (emotions)
Part 4: The Brain stem (Physical stimulus and response)
Look at all 4 Brain parts and understand its function and purpose.
This is important to understand because each part of the brain
performs a specific purpose. At times we only use 1or 2 brain parts, if
we can bring agreement to all 4 parts at the same time we will have
harmony and can achieve great results.
Chapter 10: Guard Your Thoughts
Our conscious mind is the gateway to our Subconscious mind so guard
your thoughts. Take captive every thought.
Watch what you watch, be careful what you listen to, watch what you
say, and be careful whom you associate with. You will become a
product of your environment.
What you see with your eyes and hear with your ears is perceived by
the conscious mind.
You might have to stop watching certain TV shows or not listen to
certain music or talk shows on the radio.
Step 1: Read and listen to positive motivational teachers this will fill
your mind with positive thoughts and increase your faith. Examples:
Zig Ziglar, Napoleon Hill, Jim Rohn, John Maxwell, Paul DeBellis to
name a few. The important thing to remember is that garbage in
garbage out, Positive in Positive out.
Chapter 11: Get Fixed on a Target
You need to set goals for your dreams and desires. Think about your
goals visualize them and see yourself achieving them.
Step 1: Write down all of your dreams and desires; again do these at
least 21 times for 21 days straight.
A: Set daily goals
B: Set weekly goals
C: Set 1 month goals
D: Set 3 month goals
E: Set 6 month goals
F: Set 1 year goals
G: Set 5, 10, 15yr goals
Step 2: Read them to yourself 21 times in 21 days
Step 3: Read them out loud each and every time
Step 4: Meditate on them, go somewhere quite and just visualize
yourself achieving your goals, Do this daily with all the steps.
Create a Vision board: here is a link to a great site to create your own
vision board on your computer :
http://www.visualizeyourgoals.com/cgi-bin/t.cgi?a=479311
Do not lose sight of your goals or doubt you will achieve them; you
must stay focused on the target or goal, Believe it until you Receive it.
Picture your dreams or desires in your mind and place them on a bulls
eye this is your target, as you meditate on that goal have faith
believing you will receive it until it becomes a reality. These are your
Goals focus on them.
Write an action plan on what steps you need to take to achieve your
goals.
When you set specific GOALS, you target future accomplishments with
precision and clarity. The first step in getting "everything" you want is
to specify exactly what "everything" is.
Clarity and precision are critical because fuzzy, poorly defined goals
give you nothing specific to aim at. And small, individual goals fail to
have the power to ignite your passion, or to inspire others to follow
your vision. On the other hand, you are most productive when you're
attacking a huge vision, aiming at specific, mission-based goals with
the diligence and follow-through they deserve.
Milestones! Think Milestones...
Goals are the milestones by which reality finds its way to a dream.
Whenever you can specifically communicate what you want, you're
more than halfway to getting it. By identifying your values, vision and
mission, you've determined what's most important to you. Now, when
you picture how your ideal world would look and what it will take to
make it real, you can identify specific, concrete milestones along the
road to your dreams. The more clearly and precisely you describe
these targets, the easier it is to focus on the means for their
attainment. These specific milestones then become your most vivid,
powerful and inspiring goals because they're in direct alignment with
what you value most.
Dreams and Dates... Dreams and Dates...
Remember, the difference between a dream and a goal is a date. Goals
are "Absolute Will-Be's" and "By When's", when you become 100%
personally responsible for making them come true. There's nothing
more critical to your long-term productivity than setting specific goals
and then holding yourself accountable for each and every one of them.
If dreams are born from imagination, then goals are born from a
promise. Knowing this, set your goals with great care because when
you set them, you are promising yourself exactly what you expect to
get out of your life Think TQ.
Chapter 12: Programming Your Subconscious
We all want a better life now. All of us struggle with things in our lives
that prevent us from ever attaining a more abundant life that we all
long for. We will be unlocking the keys to a more abundant life now.
1) First, I want you to remember all of your past achievements in your
life, write them down as far back as you can remember.
2) Now put them in categories, example: athletic achievements,
financial achievements, relationships, etc.
3) Now what areas of your life do you need to break through in?
Write them down.
4) Now draw a picture of a target as big as you can make it.
5) Now look at your past accomplishments and see if you can line that
up with the one you placed in the bulls eye, (dont worry if you cant
find an exact achievement)
6) Now write out what you placed in the bulls eye this is your goal that
you will target every day. You must write it at least 21 times in 21 days
or until you achieve your goal.
Example: I will sell 7 homes this month, and they will all close.
This is a good start, but you need to be more specific.
Example: Im sitting here in the model home site-picturing people
coming in to buy a home from me today. I will sell 7 homes.
Getting better but still not there.
Think about your past success selling homes remember the people
that bought from you in the past, get that emotion back in your life
now.
This is how you should write it: Im sitting here on Sat April 7
th
2009
thinking about the time when I sold 7 homes in 1 month, WOW! What a
great feeling. I believe I will be selling 7 more homes in the next 30
days. I can see people in my mind right now sitting at my desk signing
contracts. Now end every goal with; God may this be for the highest
good of all.
BE THANKFUL GET THE PICTURE IN YOUR MIND AND FOCUS ON
ACHIEVING IT! DAILY WRITE IT DOWN, READ IT TO YOURSELF, READ IT
OUT LOUD AT LEAST 21 TIMES IN 21 DAYS.
Whatever your mind can conceive and believe it. it can achieve!
Napoleon Hill
Emotion is very important to you attaining your dreams.
You need to be very specific in what you are asking for.
You must have faith and believe you have received it already.
Dont doubt, every day redo the steps until you achieve the results.
Step 1: will write it down at least 21 times in 21 days
Step 2: Read it to yourself at least 21 times in 21 days
Step 3: Read it out loud at least 21 times in 21 days
Step 4: will meditate at least 21 minutes in 21 days
You need to get a mental picture, play it in your mind like a movie,
(Your Directorial debut).
You need to write the script and act it out in your mind because your
Subconscious mind does not know the difference between Reality and
Fantasy.You are programming your Subconscious Mind Now!
You can repeat success, and you can use a real life success story to
write an imaginary story and breakthrough the roadblocks in your life
now. This will be covered in more detail in a following chapter.
Chapter 13: Resolving Conflict Conscious VS
Subconscious
Conflicts will arise to rob you of your dreams.
This is why you must reprogram the Subconscious to be in agreement
with the Conscious Mind.
You will get distracted when you are trying to follow the process,
maybe the phone might ring, your spouse or kids require your
attention, theres something on TV you want to watch and so forth.
Warning: If you dont commit 100% to following the steps you will not
achieve the results you need to live your best life now. Commit to a
time of day preferably in the morning or night and find a place you will
not be distracted for about an hour. Dont skip a day following the
process complete the steps.
Remember it takes 21 days to form a habit
It could take days, months, or years for you to accomplish your goals,
the choice is yours, make up your mind now that you can do it.
Some signs of conflict you might encounter:
1) Hard time concentrating
2) Confusion
3) Fatigue
4) Insomnia
5) Sleep to much
6) Headaches, body aches
Signs of cooperation:
1) Energetic
2) Enthusiastic
3) Love
4) Joy
5) Peace
6) Contentment
Conflict will happen when your Conscious wants to do something but
your Subconscious doesnt agree.
Remember you have a file stored in your Subconscious mind.
You will be fighting it in the beginning especially until you reprogram
the Subconscious in believing your rewritten story.
When you feel that your Conscious and Subconscious minds are in
cooperation with one another you are realizing harmony with your
minds and are becoming the Master of your Minds and removing
roadblocks so you can live your best life right now.
Chapter 14: Reprogramming The Subconscious
Chapter 13 we covered some of what we will be covering in this
chapter, but this is dedicated to understanding how to reprogram the
subconscious mind.
In the previous chapter I asked you to write down all the areas in your
life that you needed break through in.
Step 1: Take out the page you wrote down your roadblocks on and lets
rewrite the experience.
Lets take a real life experience that you have encountered roadblocks
in. (A roadblock is something keeping you from achieving your goals) It
usually is a past failure or traumatic experience in your life that is
holding you back because you fear you will repeat it again.
Example:
I have been in several Network Marketing companies and have never
really made much money.
You see other people hitting it big when theyre not anything special.
So you keep trying and failing WHY?
Its because your subconscious has a file documenting all of your
failures in network marketing and it doesnt know anything different.
Your past failures are your roadblocks.
You need to reprogram your subconscious mind.
Remember I told you that your Subconscious doesnt know reality from
fantasy? All you have to do is reprogram your Subconscious with a
make believe story. You did it as a child remember?
Step 2: Remember I said write down all your past achievements, well
pull them out and find one that you had success with making money, if
you dont have any than use another success story the important thing
is you had achieved success and you can relive that emotion.
Step 3: Now rewrite a story about how successful you are in network
marketing. Write this at least 21 times for 21 days straight or until you
realize your dreams
I have been in Network Marketing most of my life, I love the freedom it
allows me and the income is unlimited, every year my business has
been growing beyond my comprehension and its so rewarding to see
all the people I have helped Change their lives for the better. Next
month I will be featured in Success From Home Magazine as one of the
top money earners in the company. God may this be for the higher
good of all.
Remember make sure you get all 4 Brain parts in agreement.
Left Brain: Words, Logic
Right Brain: symbols, patterns, rhythm, sound, arrangement
Mid Brain: Emotions
Brain Stem: Physical stimulus and response
In order to achieve results you must get all 4 Brain parts in agreement.
Step 4: Meditate- Go somewhere quite and close your eyes remember
the target, place your goal in the bulls eye, and Keep your eye on the
prize. Replay the script in your mind see yourself helping people,
making money, achieving your goals, see yourself in the magazine and
see yourself walking on the stage accepting your award. Do this for at
least 21 days 21 times until you realize your dream.
Chapter 15: Summary
Let me tell you from experience you cant just sit around the house
waiting for your dreams to become a reality. You need to put that faith
into action.
That means following the steps, but you need to be moving towards
the goal. Faith without action is like getting in your car and going
nowhere. Pursue you passions and realize your dreams you will have a
lot higher success rate in achieving your goals when you do.
Example: The story about the successful Network Marketer, you need
to be out there telling people about what you are doing, focusing on
doing it for the good of all, You have value in what you are selling
believe it and you will achieve it. Educate yourself about your business
and the industry be the best at what you do and truly care about
helping others. Develop a posture about yourself, have an attitude of
expectancy.
Dont loose Hope keep your Mind on the Prize
Its easy to give up and say nothing works, if you do that then you just
reconfirm to your subconscious that nothing is going to work.
STOP right their, do you want to remove roadblocks in your life and
live your best life now? Or do you want to remain a defeated person.
Nothing comes easy in life, but if you want true change it must come
from within. That is why you must conquer your Conscious and
Subconscious minds becoming the Master of your Minds.
Dont lose faith you have to rise above your circumstances and believe
you will achieve it.
Its going to take a commitment to sticking to the process and
following the steps to achieve success in your life, after all we didnt
get to be a mess over night so dont expect change overnight. Stick to
committing to the process until you see results its really up to you, so
make up your Minds and just do it.
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Paul DeBellis is a highly sought after Motivational Speaker, Author,
Entrepreneur that speaks from his heart with Passion about what he
knows with over 25 years of experience teaching others to be Peak
Performers. Paul combines an Inspiring message to move you to Act
upon the principles, he teaches adding humor and a little magic
captivating his audience by engaging them in memorable moments
that will last a lifetime. Paul is dedicated to helping all those that want
to reach their full potential in life by giving them the tools necessary to
realize their Dreams and Pursue their Passions.