!"#$%&'$ )*$*+ ,-./+01.

*2



341&05*.&- 6&#7'-8
9::+;*1 &: )&<.7' =2<0&>.<+ ?#&@ A$*+ &- 6!
B
341&05*.&-






6=9 CDDB
,-.* !5+0$*.&-1 E$4&0$*&02 F0&G+;* B
H$0;% ICJ BDIB







3'$-<$ 607;+
K$*.+ =$-.-L
M.-L =7$-L

2

9>+;7*./+ 17''$02

1he ob[ecLlve of Lhls experlmenL was Lo deLermlne Lhe absorpLlon of carbon dloxlde lnLo a
dlluLe sodlum hydroxlde soluLlon aL dlfferenL concenLraLlons and flow raLes. uaLa were
collecLed and analyzed Lo deLermlne Lhe effecLs of sodlum hydroxlde flow raLes and molarlLles
on Lhe amounL of carbon dloxlde absorbed. 1he percenL of carbon dloxlde ln alr was ploLLed
agalnsL Lhe absorbenL flow raLes for each molarlLy Lo show Lhe degree of absorbLlon aL dlfferenL
seLLlngs.

ln Lhls experlmenL, sodlum hydroxlde soluLlon aL 0.001M and 0.03M was Lhe absorbenL and Lhe
mlxLure of carbon dloxlde and alr made up Lhe vapor phase. lor each concenLraLlon of sodlum
hydroxlde soluLlon, flve measuremenLs were Laken aL dlfferenL flow raLes of sodlum hydroxlde.
uurlng Lhls experlmenL, Lhe vapor flow raLe was held consLanL aL 7.3SClM whlle Lhe sodlum
hydroxlde soluLlon flow raLe varled from 0.10 Lo 0.40 L/s. 1he Labvlew sofLware was used Lo
conLrol Lhe flow raLes enLerlng Lhe column and Lhe Carbon uloxlde Analyzer was used Lo
measure Lhe volume percenLage of carbon dloxlde ln Lhe alr sLream.
1he percenLage of carbon dloxlde ln Lhe alr sLream aL Lhe Lop of Lhe column was measured and
compared Lo Lhe lnpuL percenLage. 1he percenLage of carbon dloxlde aL Lhe Lop of Lhe column
decreased wlLh lncreaslng sodlum hydroxlde flow raLe and wlLh lncreaslng sodlum hydroxlde
molarlLy. 1hls lndlcaLes LhaL more absorpLlon occurs aL hlgher flow raLes and molarlLles of
sodlum hydroxlde.

8oLh 0.001 M and 0.03 M sodlum hydroxlde daLa seLs were flLLed wlLh a polynomlal Lrendllne.
1he 0.001 M Lrendllne was concave up whlle Lhe 0.03 M Lrendllne was concave down. 1hls
could be because Lhe hlgher molarlLy caused Lhe absorpLlon Lo approach a maxlmum whlle Lhe
lower molarlLy of sodlum hydroxlde llmlLed Lhe absorpLlon.

1hls experlmenL lncluded some problems wlLh absorpLlon column equlpmenL so Lhere are a few
recommendaLlons for fuLure use. An updaLed callbraLlon meLhod for Lhe Carbon uloxlde
Analyzer ls recommended. lL ls also recommended Lo ensure valves are open or closed as
deslred because some are labeled lncorrecLly. A few valves are prone Lo fallure, so lL ls
recommended Lo replace or repalr Lhese valves.

3

M$4#+ &: 6&-*+-*1

Cb[ecLlve ........................................................................................................................................ 3
8aLlonale ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Cvervlew ........................................................................................................................................ 3
LxperlmenLal LqulpmenL ................................................................................................................ 6
LnvlronmenLal, PealLh, and SafeLy ................................................................................................. 8
1heory ............................................................................................................................................ 8
uaLa rocesslng and 8equlred MeasuremenLs ............................................................................ 11
LvaluaLlon ..................................................................................................................................... 11
LxperlmenLal lan ........................................................................................................................ 12
8esulLs .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Lrror Analysls ............................................................................................................................ 13
Concluslons & 8ecommendaLlons ................................................................................................ 13
8eferences .................................................................................................................................... 16
Appendlx ...................................................................................................................................... 17
A. Sample CalculaLlons .............................................................................................................. 17
8. LaboraLory MeasuremenLs and uaLa .................................................................................... 18



4

M$4#+ &: ?.L70+1

llgure 1: rocess SchemaLlc
llgure 2: 1anks
llgure 3: 1ower 8oLLom
llgure 4: 1ower 1op
llgure 3: Carbon uloxlde Analyzer
llgure 6: Lxample of Cas arLlcles ulssolvlng ln Llquld
llgure 7: ConLrol volume urawn Around AbsorpLlon Column
llgure 8: WaLer llow 8aLe verses CC
2
Absorbed by Lhe WaLer aL ulfferlng MolarlLles

3

!4G+;*./+
1he ob[ecLlve of Lhls experlmenL ls Lo deLermlne how Lhe flow raLe and molarlLy of sodlum
hydroxlde soluLlon affecLs Lhe absorpLlon of carbon dloxlde from alr. Comparlng Lhe
efflclencles of each Lrlal helps Lo deLermlne key facLors LhaL may lead Lo Lhe besL operaLlng
condlLlons for Lhls absorpLlon column.

A$*.&-$#+
AbsorpLlon columns are used Lo sLrlp one componenL from a mulLlcomponenL mlxLure. 1o
lmprove Lhe absorpLlon process, Lhe relaLlonshlp beLween Lhe soluLlon flow raLe and
absorbency could be deLermlned. 1hls allows a more efflclenL purlflcaLlon of Lhe deslred
producL. ln Lhls experlmenL, we used Lhe absorpLlon column Lo remove carbon dloxlde from
alr. 8y changlng Lhe flow raLe of Lhe naCP soluLlon and measurlng Lhe concenLraLlon of carbon
dloxlde ln Lhe mlxLure, an equaLlon generaLed shows Lhe relaLlonshlp beLween Lhe flow raLe of
naCP soluLlon and Lhe concenLraLlon of carbon dloxlde. 1hls equaLlon can be used Lo
deLermlne Lhe flow raLe of sodlum hydroxlde needed Lo achleve a deslred alr purlLy level.

!/+0/.+@
1he Labvlew sofLware was used Lo conLrol Lhe flow raLe of carbon dloxlde, alr, and sodlum
hydroxlde soluLlon enLerlng Lhe absorpLlon column. Cas mlxLure samples from Lhe Lop and
boLLom of Lhe absorpLlon column were collecLed and analyzed for Lhe mole percenL of CC
2
ln
alr uslng Lhe carbon dloxlde analyzer. 1hls was used Lo calculaLe how much CC
2
ls absorbed by
Lhe naCP soluLlon.
ln Lhls experlmenL, naCP flow raLes of 0.10, 0.13, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 L/s were uLlllzed. 8y
keeplng Lhe alr and CC
2
flow raLes consLanL, we changed Lhe flow raLe of naCP Lo deLermlne
how varlous naCP flow raLes affecL Lhe CC
2
absorpLlon. WlLh Lhese daLa, Lhe relaLlonshlp
beLween soluLlon flow raLe and absorpLlon was deLermlned.

6

9>5+0.'+-*$# 9N7.5'+-*
OJP

1he absorpLlon column process schemaLlc ls shown ln llgure 1.

llgure 1. rocess SchemaLlc

1ank 1 (llgure 2) ls used Lo sLore absorbenL. ump 1 ls used Lo feed Lhe absorbenL soluLlon Lo
Lhe Lop of Lhe column. A conLrol swlLch on Lhe norLhern wall locaLed nexL Lo Lhe absorpLlon
column operaLes Lhls pump manually. 1he conLrol valve locaLed on Lhe easL wall ls used Lo
conLrol Lhe flow of absorbenL soluLlon and Lhe flow raLe of Lhe soluLlon ls monlLored by
Labvlew sofLware. AL Lhe same Llme, ump 2 ls used Lo Lransfer Lhe rlch absorbenL from Lhe
boLLom of Lhe column Lo 1ank 2 (llgure 2). 1hls process ls necessary Lo avold floodlng.












llgure 2. 1ank 1 (lefL) and 1ank 2 (rlghL).
7

1he absorpLlon column (llgure 2 and llgure 3) ln Lhe unlL operaLlon lab ls approxlmaLely 12 fL
Lall and 0.7 fL ln dlameLer. ln Lhe column, 0.7 lnch nuLLer rlngs are randomly dlsLrlbuLed. 1hls
packlng ls used Lo lncrease Lhe surface area of conLacL beLween absorbenL and gas sLreams Lo
lmprove mass Lransfer of CC
2
from Lhe alr sLream Lo Lhe naCP soluLlon.

















llgure 3. 1ower 8oLLom llgure 4. 1ower 1op

1he carbon dloxlde analyzer (llgure 3) ls used Lo measure Lhe concenLraLlon of Lhe CC
2
ln Lhe
alr mlxLure from Lhe Lop and boLLom of Lhe absorpLlon column. 1he analyzer measures CC
2

concenLraLlons beLween 0-20 percenL and ls conLrolled by Labvlew sofLware.


llgure 3. Carbon uloxlde Analyzer
8

9-/.0&-'+-*$#J =+$#*%J $-< )$:+*2
M$4#+ I: LnvlronmenL, PealLh, and SafeLy Concerns

Pazard/Chemlcal
P
2
C (l)
10
naCP (s)
9
Alr
2
CC
2
(g)
4

LnvlronmenL
noL hazardous Lo
Lhe envlronmenL,
can be dlsposed of
down a draln.
Avold dlscharge lnLo
dralns or onLo Lhe
ground. uo noL
conLamlnaLe waLer.
noL hazardous Lo
Lhe envlronmenL.
Avold dlscharge lnLo
soll, waLerways,
dralns, and sewers.
PealLh
Can be a sllp
hazard and
conducLs
elecLrlclLy.
Corroslve. Causes
severe eye and skln
burns.
ressurlzed gas LhaL
ls suddenly released
can cause frosLblLe
on skln or damage
Lo eyes.
ModeraLe lrrlLaLlon
Lo eyes, skln, and
resplraLory sysLem.
SafeLy
Coggles requlred
Lhe laboraLory.
Wear safeLy goggles
and a face shleld.
Wear approprlaLe
chemlcal reslsLanL
cloLhlng and gloves.
non-flammable, buL
supporLs
combusLlon. Wear
safeLy glasses.
Cloves and safeLy
shoes
recommended when
handllng cyllnders.
Avold conLacL wlLh
skln and cloLhlng
and avold breaLhlng
gas. use ln well-
venLllaLed area.
Wear safeLy glasses.
Cloves and safeLy
shoes
recommended when
handllng cyllnders.
llrsL-Ald Measures
no flrsL ald
measures are
needed.
lf ln conLacL wlLh
eyes or skln,
lmmedlaLely flush
wlLh plenLy of waLer
for 13 mlnuLes. lf
lnhaled, move Lo
fresh alr. ln
lngesLed, call a
physlclan or polson
conLrol lmmedlaLely.
ln case of frosLblLe,
place frosLblLLen
parL ln warm waLer
(buL noL hoL waLer)
and seek lmmedlaLe
medlcal aLLenLlon.
ln case of pressure
accldenL, seek
lmmedlaLe medlcal
aLLenLlon.
lor skln or eye
conLacL,
lmmedlaLely flush
wlLh waLer and seek
medlcal aLLenLlon. lf
lnhaled, move Lo
fresh alr.

M%+&02
1he process of absorpLlon occurs when a componenL ln Lhe gas phase permeaLes and remalns
ln Lhe llquld phase. AbsorpLlon has Lwo purposes: Lo preferenLlally dlssolve one or more
componenLs of a gas mlxLure lnLo a soluLlon of llquld or remove conLamlnanLs from Lhe gas
sLream.
1
1he drlvlng force of absorpLlon ls mass Lransfer beLween Lhe llquld and Lhe gas. A
9

concenLraLlon dlfference causes parLlcles ln Lhe gas Lo permeaLe Lhe llquld. 1hls can be
observed ln llgure 6.

llgure 6: Lxample of Cas arLlcles ulssolvlng ln Llquld
1


Powever, carbon dloxlde has a low solublllLy ln waLer.
2
1wo meLhods have been used Lo
lncrease Lhls solublllLy. acklng has been lnserLed lnLo Lhe column and Lhe pP of waLer ls
ralsed by addlng a baslc chemlcal, such as naCP. 1he packlng lncreased Lhe surface area
avallable for absorpLlon by lncreaslng Lhe amounL of llquld-vapor conLacL. 8y lncreaslng Lhe
amounL of naCP ln waLer, we allow Lhe followlng reacLlons Lo occur:

CC
2
(g) + naCP (aq) - naPCC
3
(aq) (1)
CC
2
(g) + naPCC
3
(aq)- na
2
CC
3
(aq) + P
2
C (l)

1he percenLage of CC
2
ln Lhe alr sLream can be deLermlned from Lhe 8osemonL analyzer. 1he
molarlLy of naCP ln waLer can be deLermlned uslng equaLlon (2) and Lhe mass of naCP needed
Lo make a glven molarlLy of soluLlon can be calculaLed uslng equaLlon (3).

NaOH NaOH NaOH
NaOH
NaOH
MW V M m
V
N
M
! ! =
=


(2)
(3)
M
naCP
=MolarlLy of naCP (mol/L)
n
naCP
= moles of naCP
v=volume (L)
m
naCP
= mass of naCP
MW
naCP
=Molecular welghL of naCP

Powever, as we are lnLeresLed ln Lhe column as a whole, we wlll use Lhe followlng assumpLlons:
SoluLe conLenL ls small
SLeady sLaLe
unlform fluld
1urbulenL flow
10

WlLh Lhese assumpLlons, we wlll deLermlne how Lhe presence of naCP affecLs Lhe adsorpLlon
of CC
2
by uslng Lhe followlng equaLlons
1
:

) (
) (
*
*
2 2
2 2
CO G CO x A
CO G CO Y A
x x K N
y y K N
! =
! =

(4)
(3)

n
A
= molar flux
k
y
= overall Lransfer coefflclenL of gas
k
x
= overall Lransfer coefflclenL of llquld
y
CC2C
= mole fracLlon of gas
y
*
CC2 = mole fracLlon of gas ln equlllbrlum wlLh llquld
x
CC2C
= mole fracLlon of llquld
x
*
CC2 = mole fracLlon of llquld ln equlllbrlum wlLh gas

8y rearranglng and comblnlng equaLlon (4) and (3), we geL Lhe followlng equaLlon:

y
x
CO G CO
CO G CO
K
K
x x
y y
! =
!
!
) (
) (
2 2
2 2
(6)

As Lhe amounL of naCP lncreases, k
x
and k
y
wlll change. Powever, Lhe value of x and y vary
over Lhe lengLh of Lhe column because CC
2
ls belng absorbed. We wlll use a maLerlal balance Lo
deLermlne Lhe change ln mole fracLlons.

1o deLermlne Lhe amounL of CC
2
Lransferred beLween Lhe llquld and Lhe gas, we wlll perform
an overall maLerlal balance around Lhe absorpLlon column. llgure 7 ls an example of Lhe
conLrol volume drawn around an absorpLlon column.



llgure 7: ConLrol volume urawn Around an AbsorpLlon column
1


11

1he maLerlal balance resulLs ln Lhe followlng equaLlon:

1 2 2 1
2 2 2 2
CO CO CO CO
Lx Gy Lx Gy + = + (7)

C = llow raLe of Cas
L = llow raLe of Llquld
y
CC21
= vapor mole fracLlon of CC
2
enLerlng Lhe column
y
CC22
= vapor mole fracLlon of CC
2
leavlng Lhe column
x
CC21
= llquld mole fracLlon of CC
2
enLerlng Lhe column
x
CC22
= llquld mole fracLlon of CC
2
leavlng Lhe column

uslng equaLlon (7), Lhe unknown mole percenL can be calculaLed. 1hen, Lhe relaLlve volaLlllLy of
Lhe sysLem (k
x
/k
y
) can be deLermlned and examlned wlLh varylng flow raLes of naCP. 1hls
process was evaluaLed as a mass Lransfer process.

Q$*$ F0&;+11.-L $-< A+N7.0+< H+$170+'+-*1
1he flow raLe of alr and carbon dloxlde wlll remaln consLanL. 1he flow raLe of naCP wlll be
varled from 0.10 Lo 0.40 L/s. We wlll measure:
y
CC22
= vapor mole fracLlon of CC
2
leavlng column
uslng Lhe 8osemonL CC
2
analyzer.

ln calculaLlons, x
CC21
ls assumed Lo be zero, y
CC21
ls calculaLed from Lhe lnpuL flow raLes of alr
and carbon dloxlde, and x
CC22
ls calculaLed from equaLlon (7).

9/$#7$*.&-
MeasuremenLs were Laken aL flve dlfferenL flow raLes of absorbenL for Lwo dlfferenL
concenLraLlons of absorbenL. 1he absorpLlon was expecLed Lo lncrease wlLh hlgher absorbenL
flow raLes and greaLer concenLraLlons of naCP. 1he percenLage of carbon dloxlde ln Lhe alr
sLream was measured aL Lhe Lop of Lhe column and compared Lo Lhe percenLage of carbon
dloxlde fed lnLo Lhe boLLom of Lhe column. A greaLer change ln percenLage of carbon dloxlde
lndlcaLed more absorpLlon.


12

9>5+0.'+-*$# F#$-
9'+0L+-;2 )%7*<&@- F0&;+<70+
R

1. ShuL off alr-flow Lo column by closlng Alr 8oLameLer valve.
2. ShuL off CC
2
flow Lo column by closlng CC
2
8oLameLer valve.
3. 1urn off ump 1.
4. lf column ls noL floodlng, Lurn off maln power swlLch. CLherwlse, leave maln power, ump
2, and Lhe sonlc sensor on.
3. unplug CC
2
analyzer.
6. 1urn CC
2
analyzer valves v-1 and v-2 off as well as Lhe selecLor valve below Lhe analyzer.
7. unplug compressors ln CC
2
analyzer.
8. AlerL lab personnel.

341&05*.&- 6&#7'- )*$0*75
O

1. llll 1ank 1 wlLh 430 L of waLer. LxLracL one buckeL full and seL aslde.
2. Welgh 900 g of anhydrous naCP for 0.03 M naCP.
3. ulssolve naCP ln Lhe buckeL before mlxlng lnLo 1ank 1 under Lhe hood.
4. Conflrm LhaL Lhe absorpLlon column conLrol swlLch ls ln Lhe auLo poslLlon Lo prevenL Lhe
column from floodlng.
3. 1urn on Lhe power supply.
6. 1urn on alr supply and seL regulaLor Lo Lhe operaLlng condlLlon of 40 pslg.
7. Cpen Llquld ConLrol valve locaLed above roLameLers.
8. Cpen or close each valve along Lhe process llne Lo dlrecL Lhe deslred flow paLh. noLe LhaL
some valves are labeled Cpen" and Close" lncorrecLly.
9. 1urn on ump 1 Lo lnlLlallze naCP soluLlon flow lnLo absorpLlon column.
10. 1urn on ump 2 and selecL Lhe AuLo" opLlon on Lhe wall Lo avold column floodlng.

6$04&- Q.&>.<+ )755#2 )*$0*75
O

1. lug ln Lhe CC
2
preheaLer and allow Lo warm.
2. Cpen CC
2
Lank valve.
3. SeL pressure of CC
2
Lank Lo 10 Lo 13 pslg.
4. Conflrm LemperaLure of CC
2
llne ls beLween 10 and 20C.

A&1+'&7-* 6$04&- Q.&>.<+ 3-$#2S+0 )*$0*75
T

1. lug ln 8osemounL Carbon uloxlde Analyzer and compressors.
2. ALLach Lhe hose from Lhe Lop of Lhe column Lo Lhe SLream 1 lnpuL on Lhe Analyzer.
3. 1urn Lhe SLream 1 dlal Lo Cn" and Lhe Analyzer dlal Lo SLream 1."
4. SeL 8osemounL pressure gauge Lo beLween 8 and 10 pslg wlLh dlal.
3. Cpen alr supply Lo absorpLlon column locaLed by dlaphragms and seL pressure gauge Lo 20
pslg.
13

6. Allow 10 mlnuLes for alr Lo purge Lhe Analyzer.
7. ush funcLlon" key on face of Analyzer unLll lL dlsplays 0-1." ress LnLer.
8. use lnpuL-ConLrol" arrows Lo selecL Code 1. ress LnLer.
9. WalL Lwo mlnuLes and press LnLer key. Analyzer should read 0."
10. lf noL, walL one mlnuLe and repeaL sLeps 6-9.
11. 1o seL Lhe span of Lhe Analyzer, remove Lhe hose from Lhe Lop of Lhe column and replace lL
wlLh Lhe hose from Lhe 20 CC
2
Lank locaLed on Lhe floor by Lhe Analyzer.
12. Cpen Lhe CC
2
Lank sllghLly Lo allow a small sLream of CC
2
Lo run Lhrough Lhe hose.
13. Allow Lhe Analyzer Lo ad[usL Lo Lhe new lnpuL sLream.
14. When Lhe Analyzer readlng remalns consLanL for a few mlnuLes, press Lhe funcLlon" key
unLll 3-1" ls dlsplayed. ress LnLer.
13. use Lhe lnpuL-ConLrol" arrows Lo selecL Code 1. ress LnLer.
16. WalL Lwo mlnuLes and press LnLer key. 1he Analyzer should now read 20.0."
17. lf noL, walL one mlnuLe and repeaL sLeps 14-16.
18. 1urn off flow from Lhe 20 CC
2
Lank and remove lLs hose from Lhe Analyzer.
19. 8eplace Lhe hose from Lop of Lhe column Lo Lhe SLream 1 lnpuL. 1he Analyzer ls now ready
Lo use.

341&05*.&- 6&#7'- !5+0$*.&-
O
1. lnpuL deslred CC
2
and alr flow raLes lnLo Labvlew.
2. lnpuL naCP soluLlon flow raLe of 0.10 L/s.
3. Allow absorpLlon column Lo reach sLeady sLaLe.
4. 1ake sample of CC
2
.
3. 8ecord percenL of CC
2
ln gas sLream from dlsplay on 8osemounL Analyzer.
6. keeplng CC
2
and alr flow raLes consLanL, repeaL sLeps 3-3 for deslred naCP flow raLes.

)%7*<&@- F0&;+<70+
O
1. Close CC
2
and alr supply valves.
2. uraln excess naCP soluLlon lnLo 1ank 2 and measure Lhe pP.
3. Add aceLlc acld Lo ad[usL pP unLll neuLrallzed. ulspose of soluLlon by dralnlng 1ank 2.
4. 1urn off pumps, 8osemounL Analyzer, and maln power supply.

A+17#*1
8aw daLa can be found ln Appendlx A. 8oLh Lhe molarlLy of sodlum hydroxlde ln Lhe waLer and
Lhe flow raLe of sodlum hydroxlde soluLlon affecL Lhe percenL CC
2
absorbed by Lhe waLer.
lncreases ln flow raLe lncrease Lhe absorpLlon of CC
2
ln Lhe sodlum hydroxlde soluLlon for boLh
molarlLles. A hlgher molarlLy also lncreases absorpLlon. 1hese Lrends are demonsLraLed ln Lhe
llgure 8.

14


llgure 8: WaLer llow 8aLe verses CC
2
Absorbed by Lhe WaLer aL ulfferlng MolarlLles

A polynomlal Lrendllne was applled Lo Lhe ploLLed daLa uslng Lxcel. A polynomlal Lrendllne was
selecLed because lL flL Lhe daLa well, as shown wlLh Lhe 8
2
values close Lo 1. 1he Lrendllne was
expecLed Lo be polynomlal because mass Lransfer of CC
2
beLween Lhe gas and llquld ls Lhe
drlvlng force. As Lhe flow raLe of waLer lncreased, Lhere was lncreaslngly less CC
2
avallable Lo
be absorbed Lowards Lhe Lop of Lhe column.

1he molarlLy of waLer also affecLed Lhe absorpLlon of CC
2
. llgure 8 shows Lhe hlgher molarlLy
soluLlon absorbed a greaLer percenL CC
2
Lhan Lhe lower molarlLy soluLlon. 1he Lrendllne for Lhe
lower molarlLy daLa ls concave up whlle Lhe Lrendllne for Lhe hlgher molarlLy daLa ls concave
down. 1hls could be because Lhere ls a maxlmum amounL of CC
2
LhaL can be absorbed by Lhe
absorbenL. 1he lower molarlLy daLa ls noL approachlng Lhls maxlmum aL Lhese low flow raLes.
Powever, Lhe hlgh molarlLy daLa ls approachlng Lhls maxlmum, causlng Lhe concave down
shape.

uaLa collecLlon was llmlLed Lo low flow raLes Lo avold column floodlng. 1he valve above 1ank 1
falled so lL could noL be closed. 1hls prevenLed use of ump 2 because Lhe CC
2
saLuraLed
soluLlon would have been reLurned Lo feed 1ank 1, resulLlng ln an lnlLlal CC
2
concenLraLlon
greaLer Lhan zero. 1o correcL Lhls, Lhe sLream was re-rouLed so lL enLered from Lhe boLLom of
1ank 2, bypasslng ump 2 and Lhe faulLy valve. A llmlLaLlon of Lhls seLup was LhaL hlgh flow
raLes of waLer caused Lhe column Lo flood.

y = 2.2814x
2
+ 4.4893x + 1.7403
8 = 0.99876
y = -23.303x
2
+ 19.093x + 2.3313
8 = 0.98109
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
6.0
7.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3
U
6
!
B

.
-

)
&
<
.
7
'

=
2
<
0
&
>
.
<
+

$
*

V
&
W
&
'

&
:

6
&
#
7
'
-

?#&@ A$*+ &: )&<.7' =2<0&>.<+ XEY1Z
0.001 M
0.03
13

900&0 3-$#21.1
1he acLual concenLraLlon of naCP may noL be exacLly 0.001 M or 0.03 M. A dlglLal scale was
used Lo welgh Lhe solld naCP. 1he scale had an error of 0.001 g. 1he mass of naCP was
calculaLed for Lhe deslred molarlLy based on a speclfled volume of waLer. Powever, Lhe Lank
had no volume marklngs so Lhe volume of waLer ln Lhe Lank was esLlmaLed based on Lhe helghL
of waLer measured uslng a yardsLlck. 1he volume error ls of greaLer slgnlflcance Lhan Lhe mass
error ln deLermlnlng Lhe acLual molarlLy of Lhe soluLlon.

1he lnlLlal concenLraLlon of CC
2
ln Lhe waLer was assumed Lo be zero, buL Lhls may noL have
been Lhe case. 1he waLer used came from Lnglneerlng norLh maln waLer supply, whlch could
have affecLed Lhe absorpLlon capaclLy.

6&-;#71.&-1 [ A+;&''+-<$*.&-1
1he resulLs show LhaL lncreaslng boLh Lhe molarlLy of Lhe soluLlon and flow raLe of waLer
lncreased Lhe absorpLlon of CC
2
. Powever, Lhls experlmenL examlned only low flow raLes wlLh
Lwo dlfferenL molarlLles of sodlum hydroxlde.

Whlle uslng Lhls absorpLlon column we encounLered several problems. 1he flrsL problem was
callbraLlng Lhe CC
2
analyzer. We recommend followlng our procedure for callbraLlng and
seLLlng Lhe span Lo avold unreasonable readlngs. We recommend never runnlng pure CC
2

Lhrough Lhe analyzer Lo avold oversaLuraLlng lL. 1he analyzer can only measure concenLraLlons
of CC
2
ln Lhe alr beLween 0-20 by volume. lf Lhe analyzer does become oversaLuraLed, lL musL
be purged wlLh pure alr, whlch could Lake hours.

We also recommend double checklng all valves before operaLlon. noLe LhaL some valves are
labeled lncorrecLly. 1he dlrecLlons for open" and closed" are swlLched. !usL be aware whlch
are correcL and whlch are lncorrecL. Some valves are prone Lo fallure. lf a valve falls durlng
operaLlon, follow emergency shuLdown procedure. We recommend flxlng all faulLy valves.
Powever, lf a valve falls we recommend re-rouLlng Lhe sLream as descrlbed ln Lhe resulLs
secLlon.



16

A+:+0+-;+1
1. AbsorpLlon". SM's e-Pome. SM Cheah, 2000. 20 leb 2012. <hLLp://www.separaLlon
processes.com/AbsorpLlon/MalnSeL2.hLm>.
2. Alr." MaLerlal SafeLy uaLa SheeL. Alr Llqulde, 2003. 20 leb 2012. <chlmaera.usu.edu/
aLLachmenLs/303/PA.pdf>.
3. 8ruce, LsLher, Maggle Pamouch, and uanlel Poel. AbsorpLlon Column: LffecLs of Llquld
llow 8aLe on CC2 AbsorpLlon." Cklahoma SLaLe unlverslLy, unlL CperaLlons Lab, 2011.
20 leb 2012. <hLLp://unlLopslab.oksLaLe.edu/Sprlng202011202nd20reporLs/
8eporL20by208r8ru,20Pamouch,20&20Poel.pdf>.
4. Carbon uloxlde." MaLerlal SafeLy uaLa SheeL. Alrgas, 2003. 20 leb 2012. <hLLp://www.
alrgas.com/documenLs/pdf/1013.pdf>.
3. CasLleberry, SLeven, WhlLney Pall, and !ennlfer !ones. lnsLrucLlon Manual for Lhe
acked AbsorpLlon Column." Cklahoma SLaLe unlverslLy, unlL CperaLlons Lab, 2008. 20
leb 2012. <hLLp://unlLopslab.oksLaLe.edu/absorpLlon20W20S0820CasLleberry
20Pall20!o!on.pdf>.
6. Cumble, vlcLorla, !ared lredrlckson, and Clalre Wllson. LffecL of llow 8aLe on
AbsorpLlon Column." Cklahoma SLaLe unlverlsLy, unlL CperaLlons Lab, 2011. 20 leb
2012. <hLLp://unlLopslab.oksLaLe.edu/Sprlng202011202nd20reporLs/
8eporL20by20Cumble,20lredrlckson,20&20Wllson.pdf>.
7. CranL, !ake, CrlL kupgan, urew Sahll, !"#$%&'($) +$,-.)/ 01'1%.()2'($) $3 42##
5%2)#31% +$133(6(1)', 10-22-2009 <hLLp://unlLopslab.oksLaLe.edu/granL20kupgan
20sahll202nd20f09.pdf>.
8. Pall. Carbon uloxlde Analyzer CallbraLlons lor Lhe ack Column Absorber." Cklahoma
SLaLe unlverslLy, unlL CperaLlons Lab, 2006. 7 Mar 2012. < hLLp://unlLopslab.oksLaLe.
edu/8osemounL20Carbon20uloxlde20Analyzer20CallbraLlon.pdf>.
9. Sodlum Pydroxlde SoluLlon." MaLerlal SafeLy uaLa SheeL. AvanLor MaLerlals, 2011. 20
leb 2012. <hLLp://www.avanLormaLerlals.com/documenLs/MSuS/usa/Lngllsh/
S4036_msds_us_cov_uefaulL.pdf>.
10. WaLer." MaLerlal SafeLy uaLa SheeL. AvanLor MaLerlals, 2012. 20 leb 2012.
<hLLp://www.avanLormaLerlals.com/documenLs/MSuS/usa/Lngllsh/W0600_msds_us_cc
o_uefaulL.pdf>.


17

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