L L L ZO = T C v p vfC - Coaxial Cable Length of Line/Wavelength/Phase Shift D = inside diameter of outer conductor wavelength d = diameter of inner conductor L length ε r = relative permittivity of the dielectric phase shift 138 D ZO= log C Speed of Light 300 106 m / s εr d d (m) v - Air Dielectric Parallel Line v( m / s ) 1. v p 2. p t (s) T f D = spacingbetween center of conductors v v C r = conductor radius 3. L o g f D 360 f f Z O =276log 1 L v r f 360 d 1/4 Wave Shorted Stub T t C 1 Length of line in deg rees Zo ZoZl g v f g f 4 4 L 360 Velocity Factor and Propagation Velocity Im pedance looking int o line v p propagation.velocity.of .line(m / s) Z jZo tan Z Zo L v f velocity. factor ( decimal. fraction) Zo jZl tan C speed .of .light 300 106 m / s SWR 1 Vmax r dielectric.cons tan t SWR 1 Vmin v 1 vf p vf vp f v f C SWR ZO / ZL if ZO ZL C r SWR ZL / ZO if ZL ZO vp Vmax Vi Vr Vmax Vi Vr T Response of Line Power Reflection L(2( reflected back ?) PL load power T vp Pr power reflected from load Gamma and Voltage Reflection Pi incident power at load Coefficient Pr 2 Pi PL Pi 1 2 vr reflected voltage Attenuation(dB)=L Loss(ratio) v incident voltage Loss (dB ) Gamma voltage reflection coefficient Voltage(ratio)=antilog 20 V Zl Zo SWR 1 cm=m×100 r Vi Zl Zo SWR 1 m=cm÷100 Radio-Wave Propagation - Electric and Magnetic Fields COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS II TEST I
L impedance of medium in ohms PD power density in W / m 2
E electric field strength in v / m Pt total power in watts H magnetic field strength in A / m r dis tan ce from antenna in meters Z Im pedancein ohms V2 E2 V electromotive forcein volts P PD PD H 2 L R L I current in apmeres PD EH propagation velocity in medium Free Space Propagation c propagation velocity in free space P E2 PD t 2 PD 300 106 m / s 4 r L 2 permeability of medium H / m E P PL Pt L t 2 E2 t 2 E permittivity of medium F / m L 4 r 4 r 4 r 2 377 Pt 30 Pt r relative permittivity in medium E 4r 2 r dielectric cons tan t GT gain of Tx antenna 0 permittivity of free space PT total Tx power in watts vacuum permittivity Aeff effective area of antenna in m2 c V E Z L PR power delivered to Rx in watts r I H GR antenna gain as power ratio GT - For a lossless medium anti log 10 L PR 2GR EIRP PT GT Aeff Aeff Free Space PD 4 0 4 107 H / m Aeff PT GT 2GR PT GT 2GR PT GT PR Aeff PD 0 8.854 1012 F / m 4 r 2 (4 )(4 r 2 ) (16 2 r 2 ) o LO 377 o 0 r L 0 r 0 o 1 377 0 r r Power Density P power in watts V voltage in volts R resis tan ce in ohms