Lifes leaves no one in the void; only those with enough determination and solmnity can escape the

fate that the setting defaults to all.

what does it mean? it means that depending on mutiple social, economic, politic, regional, political issues, there is a disteny that is defaulted to all. These issues create the setting; the setting therefore defaults one's developement in a society. father: industrialisation, not very educated, minetown , work veteran= ineviatable for him to be in a mine field. gene =son of working class dad, troublemaker, minetown school drop-out , very young, full of pride, strong and vivid= perfect new generation for minewoking. Billy= weak, intelligent, succeding at school and in life, very distant from his environement= not good for minework and great potential elsewhere where no manual work. ( side talk about our own society today : Those who study to do a normal job with ensurance of an "eased", those who drop to work more manually in the "real world" context and those who take huge risk and have a powerful enough determination and effectiveness to access their dreams and or the best options around). In the end, everyone is obliged to do what the setting appoints them to.

now to support thesis 2 arguments : concentrate on father - his language and thoughts - his bond to his job The father life progression is an perfect exemple of the bond between setting and fate. Even if he despices his work with all his heart, he has done nothing else in life than working in the mines and he always ends up inside a minefield no matter where he moves. Billy briefly explains this reality :"That's because the old man is a miner, and for a while there he was always telling some foreman to go piss the rope. So we moved around a lot"( Guy vanderhaege, 31). As described, the household did move around a lot. The father had many opportunities to try something new in life, to flee the mines, to explore a new and more interesting domain. The reason he did not is that he has bond to the setting that default his progress; he is a mineworker and his domain is the minefield. The various issues that constitutes the setting has modeled his fate in this certain way and only a great determination that the father does not own and that he tries to teach his kids could deviate his fate elsewhere. The setting does not only default the fate of a character, it can also default his general culture and understanding of his surroundings. Yet again, the father is the one to shine in this cathegory; His culture and his lifestyle is so deeply characterized by the setting he just seems to be a product of the society, a stock worker of the mining industry. His knowledge is very limited to what he has exprerienced inside the mines. One of the most dominantly aspect of his being that was greatly affected by the setting is his language; he can only communicate with others using popular and vulgar expressions. Here are some samples :"Fred said:" I wondered when it'd happen. Taking kids and woman down the hole"." shut your goddam hole" said the old man. " He's got flu. He was up all night"( Vanderhaeghe,34) or " Make something of yourself, he'd warn us, or you'll end up like your old man, a monkey in a cage! Or: What's this gene ? Failed Arithmetics? Just remember, dunes don't end up in the corner:Hell no, they end up in a cage!" (Vanderhaeghe,33) His Language speaks out for itself; the way he communicates with other is very dull and even when he warn his kids about their future, he can't find a more appropriate way to express his advices by say "silly" stuff whilst any other adult in the society would reason that a very serious discussion with the infant is needed. We can also see how this unpolished language is common in the

town ; Genes is very used to talk this way and it can be guessed that the others miners also communicate is a such unpolished manner.