CPTL MKT Reforms

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
1. DISCUSS THE REFORM THAT HAS BEEN TAKEN PLACE IN INDIAN CAPITAL MARKET?
The Indian capital market has witnessed major reforms in the decade of 1990s and thereafter. It is on the verge of the growth. Thus, the Government of India and SEBI has taken a number of measures in order to improve the working of the Indian stock exchanges and to make it more progressive and vibrant.
Reforms in Capital Market of India The major reforms undertaken in capital market of India includes:1. Establishment of SEBI The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was established in 1988. It got a legal status in 1992. SEBI was primarily set up to regulate the activities of the merchant banks, to control the operations of mutual funds, to work as a promoter of the stock exchange activities and to act as a regulatory authority of new issue activities of companies. The SEBI was set up with the fundamental objective, "to protect the interest of investors in securities market and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto." The main functions of SEBI are:i. To regulate the business of the stock market and other securities market.
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MILAN PADARIYA ( PHARMA MBA)
ii. iii. iv. v. vi. To promote and regulate the self-regulatory organizations. To prohibit fraudulent and unfair trade practices in securities market. To promote awareness among investors and training of intermediaries about safety of market. To prohibit insider trading in securities market. To regulate huge acquisition of shares and takeover of companies.
SEBI BHAVAN, MUMBAI 2. Establishment of Creditors Rating Agencies Three creditors rating agencies viz. The Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited (CRISIL - 1988), the Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India Limited (ICRA 1991) and Credit Analysis and Research Limited (CARE) were set up in order to assess the financial health of different financial institutions and agencies related to the stock market activities. It is a guide for the investors also in evaluating the risk of their investments.
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3. Increasing of Merchant Banking Activities Many Indian and foreigncommercial banks have set up their merchant banking divisions in the last few years. These divisions provide financial services such as underwriting facilities, issue organising, consultancy services, etc. It has proved as a helping hand to factors related to the capital market. 4. Candid Performance of Indian Economy In the last few years, Indian economy is growing at a good speed. It has attracted a huge inflow of Foreign Institutional Investments (FII). The massive entry of FIIs in the Indian capital market has given good appreciation for the Indian investors in recent times. Similarly many new companies are emerging on the horizon of the Indian capital market to raise capital for their expansions. 5. Rising Electronic Transactions Due to technological development in the last few years. The physical transaction with more paper work is reduced. Now paperless transactions are increasing at a rapid rate. It saves money, time and energy of investors. Thus it has made investing safer and hassle free encouraging more people to join the capital market. 6. Growing Mutual Fund Industry The growing of mutual funds in India has certainly helped the capital market to grow. Public sector banks, foreign banks, financial institutions and joint mutual funds between the Indian and foreign firms have launched many new funds. A big diversification in terms of schemes, maturity, etc. has taken place in mutual funds in India. It has given a wide choice for the common investors to enter the capital market. 7. Growing Stock Exchanges The numbers of various Stock Exchanges in India are increasing. Initially the BSE was the main exchange, but now after the setting up of the NSE and the OTCEI, stock exchanges have spread across the country. Recently a new Inter-connected Stock Exchange of India has joined the existing stock exchanges. 8. Investor's Protection Under the purview of the SEBI the Central Government of India has set up the Investors Education and Protection Fund (IEPF) in 2001. It works in educating and guiding investors. It tries to protect the interest of the small investors from frauds and malpractices in the capital market.
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9. Growth of Derivative Transactions Since June 2000, the NSE has introduced the derivatives trading in the equities. In November 2001 it also introduced the future and options transactions. These innovative products have given variety for the investment leading to the expansion of the capital market. 10. Insurance Sector Reforms Indian insurance sector has also witnessed massive reforms in last few years. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) was set up in 2000. It paved the entry of the private insurance firms in India. As many insurance companies invest their money in the capital market, it has expanded. 11. Commodity Trading Along with the trading of ordinary securities, the trading in commodities is also recently encouraged. The Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX) is set up. The volume of such transactions is growing at a splendid rate. Apart from these reforms the setting up of Clearing Corporation of India Limited (CCIL), Venture Funds, etc., have resulted into the tremendous growth of Indian capital market. SEBI vide its press release PR No.59/2010 dated March 6, 2010 has announced the decisions of the board meeting of SEBI held on the same day. The following is an analysis of the above said decisions.
Reforms in Derivatives Market (1) Equity derivatives contracts with tenures upto 5 years: Earlier in January, 2008 SEBI had introduced long term options on Sensex and Nifty with tenures of upto 3 years. Now SEBI has in principle permitted stock exchnages to introduce equity derivatives contracts with tenures upto 5 years.
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(2) Derivative contracts on volatility indexes which have suitable track record: Earlier in January 2008, SEBI has permitted stock exchanges to adopt any of the volatility index computation modelsavailable globally or develop their own model for computation of Volatility Index. SEBI has now in principle permitted the introduction of derivative contracts on volatility indexes like the Volatility Index (VIX India) of NSE. (3) Physical settlement of equity derivatives: SEBI also has decided to allow physical settlement of equity derivatives. REFERENCES http://kalyan-city.blogspot.in/2010/09/reforms-developments-in-indian-capital.html http://sebiupdates.blogspot.in/2010/03/capital-markets-reforms-by-sebi.html
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2. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON SOCIAL AUDIT OF BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION The term social audit may be interpreted in several ways. As far as common understanding goes, it is an essential assessment of how well a company has discharged its social obligations. However experts see it as a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of an organizations social performance which is interpreted as organizational efforts in enriching the general welfare of the whole community and the whole society. The need for social audit arises because of various reasons. In order to reach the objective of enriching economic wealth for the shareholders, the firm do it at the cost of social and environmental disorder. And since many would not take into account the social costs of such negative implications, their prices do not reflect the real cost. The organizations do it more because of competitive reasons. However if the larger interest of society is to be preserved, there has to be some consideration for social good. The company is expected to behave and function as a socially responsible member of the society like any other individual. It cannot shun moral values nor can it ignore actual compulsions. There is a need for some form of accountability on part of the management which is not only limited to shareholder alone. In modern times, the objective of business has to be the proper utilization of resources for the benefit of others. A profit may still be a necessary part of the total picture but it sould not be the only purpose. The company must accept its obligation to be socially responsible and to work for the larger benefit of the community. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES Social audit tries to make the traditional economic and technical values as two subsystems within the larger social system. Social audit primarily tries to cover the following areas: 1. Ethical Issues: They offer a basis for determining what is right and what is wrong in terms of a given situation. Ethics is best understood when we cite examples relating to unethical conduct. Few such examples can be price discrimination, unfair trade practices, cheating customers, pirating employees ideas, leaving the job without observing job contract. 2. Equal opportunity: A second relevant social issue which comes under social audit is the equity of treatment in employment and a fair justice system in the organization. Employment decisions in an
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organization should be based on merit and ability and not on the basis of arbitrary quotas based on gender, race or religion. 3. Quality of Work Life: Besides demands for safe, healthy and human work environment people are seeking greater meaning in their lives. Greater responsibility, growth, freedom and flexibility, fair reward system are few things which employees have preference for. There is also a growing demand for employee assistance programmes keeping in mind the present day stressful situations they are exposed to. 4. Consumerism: Business has a special obligation towards the consumer as the business exists to serve and satisfy the needs of the consumers. It is the principal duty of business to make available to the consumer items of daily needs in the right quantity at a right time, price and of the right quality. However many Indian products are not safe at all and the consumers suffer at hands of corrupt, and dishonest corporate houses. 5. Environmental Protection: Growing water, air and environmental pollution by various industries in recent times has led to a public outcry demanding environmental protection at any cost.
SOCIAL AUDIT CYCLE

TYPES OF SOCIAL AUDIT The various types of social audit may be listed as below: Social Process Audit It tries to measure the effectiveness of those activities of the organization which are largely taken up to meet certain social objectives. Corporate executives in this case try to examine what they are doing and how they are doing. The method involves four steps: i) Find circumstances leading to the starting of the social audit programme ii) List out goals of the social programme iii) State how the organization is going to meet such goals iv) Qualitatively evaluate what is actually done as against what has been planned Financial Statements Format Social Audit In this type, financial statements show conventional financial information plus information regarding social activities. About associates a management consultancy firm proposed that the balance sheet should show a list of social assets on one side and social commitments, liabilities and equity on other side. The income statement should reveal social benefits , social costs and the net social income provided by the company operations to the staff community, general public and clients. This approach has been criticized as many feel that it may create confusion of complicating issues further and defying easy understanding. Macro-Micro Social Indicator Audit This type of audit requires evaluation of a companys performance in terms of social measures ( micro indicators) against macro social measures. The macro social factors include the social goals expected by society in terms of health, safety, education, housing, accidents, pollution control measures, etc. The micro social indicators are measures of the performance of the company in those areas measured by macro social indicators. One of the important problems with this approach is the non-availability of reliable macro social indicators. Does an increase in family planning clinics indicate better medical facilities? Further it is not easy to specify whether the individual actions initiated by a company have actually improved the quality of life of a community, such individual actions may ultimately be labeled as irrelevant , insignificant and sometimes , even unnecessary. In any case this approach helps all companies to evaluate their contributions in improving social life on a rational basis.
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Social Performance Audit In developed countries, several interests groups including church groups, universities, mutual funds, consumer activists regularly measure, evaluate and rank socially responsive companies on the basis of their social performance. Regular opinion polls are carried out to find companies that initiate social efforts in a proactive manner and earn the goodwill of the general public. Partial Social Audit In this case, the company undertakes to measure a specific aspect of its social performance ( e.g. environment, energy, human resources) because it considers that aspect to be very important or because its social efforts for the time being are confined to the area: Environmental Audit In developed countries people protest violently if the companies try to pollute the environment and the companies not only comply with regulations but also proactively explore opportunities to recycle wastes into\ useful products. An internal group constituted by the unit concerned prepares a report about the way the environmental issues of importance are being taken care of. This report is generally re-examined by an outside auditor to see whether air/ water pollution measures, release of toxic wastes, safety regulations have been complied with or not. Energy Audit To conserve energy sources, energy audits are undertaken to investigate how energy is obtained, consumed and preserved. Human Resource Accounting (HRA) The basic philosophy of HRA is that human resources are assets and that the investment in acquiring, training, and\ developing these resources should be accounted for as an asset. Conventional accounting methods write off investments in human capabilities and values as operating expenses and thereby understate the profit. The current value of a companys human assets is not considered while computing expenses/revenues and, as a result, the balance sheet does not portray the true and fair picture of the companys state of affairs. Comprehensive Audit It tries to measure, verify and evaluate the total performance of the organization including its social responsibility activities. It focuses mainly on management systems rather than on the actions or events which are not so important. It aims at evaluating the quality of processes and the information on which organizational decisions are taken.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDIT LENS AND STAKEHOLDER GROUP DIFFICULTIES IN SOCIAL AUDIT Social audit presents numerous problems; its scope cannot be determined precisely. If we go for listing all activities undertaken by an organization, say in an accounting year it may be difficult to find out which activities are to be treated as social and which not. After all most of the activities of a company may have some sort of social relevance somewhere or the other. To avoid this if we take only those activities that have tangible social advantage, the scope of social audit is severely constrained. The requirements of various groups such as employees, customers, shareholders, general public, government, etc. may not be accurately and readily convertible into social rhetoric always. Another serious problem as explained previously is with regard to the determination of yardsticks for measuring the cost and accomplishment of activities shown in the social audit. REFERENCES http://www.scribd.com/doc/17813227/Social-Audit-of-Business http://smallbusiness.chron.com/corporate-social-audit-20345.html
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3. WHAT IS CONSUMERISM? DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERISM IN INDIA WITH ITS BENEFITS. DEFINITION Consumerism is a social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts. The term is often associated with criticisms of consumption starting with Thorstein Veblen. Veblen's subject of examination, the newly emergent middle class arising at the turn of the twentieth century, comes to full fruition by the end of the twentieth century through the process of globalization. CONSUMERISM IN INDIA India's large youth population is driving the consumerism trend in the country. For the youth shopping is just not a necessity but a leisure activity. Also more disposable income and more number of persons working in families have also contributed to this trend. The good news is that Indian consumerism is yet to attain maturity. But the catch here is society has a whole believes in saving rather than spending. A liberalized economy has open doors to MNCs, and all the companies have successfully adapted their products or their marketing communication or in some cases both to the local conditions and preferences. Like Mac-Donalds, Pizza- Hut, Maggi - the noodles tastes different in every country. I had the pleasure to have Maggi noodles of different regions; I must tell you it does taste different. Organized retail formats have also contributed to the spending spree in the country. One myth is that Indian consumers are price sensitive. It is partly true, yet it is fast changing. FMCGs or fashion brands have all above average pricing, but in spite of this, these companies have gained profit from operations in the sub-continent. We need value for money and this is misinterpreted quite a few times. But certain conditions such as high inflation which is prevalent here right now, hinders the new found consumerism confidence. Well thinking global and acting locally works very well here. The Bharatiya or the Indianness is crucial to the people and this is precisely what companies are cashing in on. One needs to see how this strategy would work in the future as the socio- economic scenario is fast changing here in India.
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Changing Lifestyles Consumerism in India Twenty years ago, urban Indias lifestyles and buying trends were a far cry from what we see today. With limited choices, consumers purchased commodities from the few brands available. In 1991 India threw her doors open to international trade, and the situation changed dramatically and so did consumerism in India. Today, consumers are spoilt for choice and fully acknowledge that they rule the market. Manufacturers cater to their whims and give the consumer complete control of market trends.
Despite India having a low per capita income, it still remains a lucrative market, even for costly products. One reason is Indias large population. A sizable section of the countrys citizens forms the working population. As foreign trade grew, it opened up numerous jobs opportunities and gave the bulk of the working population significant spending power. This group generally believe in working hard and spending luxuriously, and are responsible for the current boom in consumerism. In general, Indian consumers have a high degree of value orientation and thus brands need to strategically price their products to gain a foothold in India. Also the Indian consumer tends to associate himself with products that communicate the message of family values, traditions, care and affection. These nuances set India apart from other developing nations. Companies are forced to considerably tailor their products to suit the local market and meet the requirements of consumerism in India.
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DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERISM IN INDIA First, consumer luxuries have got democratised during this decade. Products that were considered for a few started to reach larger and larger masses of consumers from colas to shampoos to readywear to mobile to airlines. Categories that started in the 90s began to expand their footprint and became a part of mass life. Consumption and consumerism reached more people than it did in the 90s. Social inequity continues to be part of Indias economic, but the capitalistic principle that open up from the top to a few, and the benefits will flow down to many has come true. Consumerism is truly mass!
Along with this, has come a culture of upgrade and step movement rather than lifetime ownership and gradual movement. I think technology, mobile handsets in particular, made consumers get used to constant change buying a new product even when the old one was functional, thus breaking the barrier of the replace when its broke mindset. And then this extended to other categories in life from clothes to televisions to homes. Every Indian market presents an opportunity to marketers to get consumers to move up. As technology improves and consumers disposable income increases, the willingness and propensity of consumers to make leaps from unbranded to branded and pay significant premia is also increasing. There is no longer lifetime ownership, but lifetime consumer value!
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DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMERISM Third, there has been a shift from product to services and experiences. And this is taking place across categories. Coffee has become Cafes, beauty products are transiting into Parlours and this is going into small towns too with local aunties sensing business opportunities opening parlours and beauty counselling centres at home and home videos have become multiplexes. And in every case, it provides marketers an opportunity to extract more value. Pros: It is convenient, people can get what they need without any hassle It boosts non- service based economies greatly It creates jobs It promotes innovation Consumerism makes aware to the society regarding rights and responsibilities of consumers Consumers protection acts and can regulate consumption in a proper way, can control economy for the consumers' welfare.
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Cons: People become overly dependent on it The manufacturing of consumer goods is a strain on the environment REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumerism http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16827539 http://www.helium.com/items/1333639-the-pros-and-cons-of-consumerism http://www.sapphireconsultinggroup.in/consumerism_manish_marwah.html http://advertising.indiabizclub.com/info/consumerism http://www.eurobrandsindia.com/blog/2009/12/20/changing-lifestyles-consumerism-in-india/ http://www.bizopedia.biz/2008/03/consumerism-in-india.html http://www.scribd.com/doc/51778130/224/Growth-of-Consumerism
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4. WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT? DISCUSS THE ROLE OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT TO IMPACT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ARE BE A PAR SOME OTHER COUNTRIES GOVERNMENT ROLES REGARDING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD) It is a pattern of growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future). The term sustainable development was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."[1][2] Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges facing humanity. As early as the 1970s "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."[3] Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth,[4] and presented the alternative of a "steady state economy"[5] in order to address environmental concerns. The field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and sociopolitical sustainability.
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DEFINITION In 1987, the United Nations released the Brundtland Report, which included what is now one of the most widely recognised definitions: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." It contains within it two key concepts:
the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs."
Sustainability is a semantic modification, extension and transfer of the term sustained yield. This had been the doctrine and, indeed, the holy grail of foresters all over the world for more or less two centuries. The essence of sustained yield forestry was described for example by William A. Duerr, a leading American expert on forestry: To fulfill our obligations to our descendents and to stabilize our communities, each generation should sustain its resources at a high level and hand them along undiminished. The sustained yield of timber is an aspect of mans most fundamental need: to sustain life itself. Environmental Sustainability Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the environment are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as pristine as naturally possible based on ideal-seeking behavior. An "unsustainable situation" occurs when natural capital (the sum total of nature's resources) is used up faster than it can be replenished. Sustainabilityrequires that human activity only uses nature's resources at a rate at which they can be replenished naturally. Inherently the concept of sustainable development is intertwined with the concept of carrying capacity. Theoretically, the long-term result of environmental degradation is the inability to sustain human life. Such degradation on a global scale could imply extinction for humanity.
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Consumption of renewable resources State of environment Sustainability
More than nature's ability to replenish
Environmental degradation Not sustainable
Equal to nature's ability to replenish
Environmental equilibrium Steady state economy
Less than nature's ability to replenish
Environmental renewal
Environmentally sustainable
Sustainable Development in India - How and Why? After independence several development efforts in India created a lot of mess with misguided policies. The immediate task in front of us is it to clean up this mess. We have 50 crores of people living in rural areas excluding rich-to do households. These people live in mainly rain-fed areas. The resources are limited for these people. From a population of 100 crores 70% of are poor. Majority of the lands owned by them are categorized as wastelands where yields are about 0.5 to 1 ton of grain per hectare Forests and pastures have been highly degraded, and the top soil has been eroded or deprived of nutrients. Usually one crop per year (with poor yield) is cultivated in these areas due to inadequate irrigation facilities. On the whole, the present natural resource endowment in this region appears quite bleak. Even though we talk about privatization, there is no real investment in agriculture, especially in these rain-fed areas that are outside the much hyped "Green Revolution" areas. That is why the theme of this talk is "turning the present crisis to an opportunity." In fact, by the combination of a scientific and participatory approach to land improvement and micro-watershed management a sufficiently large bio-mass surplus can be achieved in these areas. In fact it is possible to generate bio-mass surplus in the form of wood and process-able material of 2 T/Household/Year. The basis of industrialization is energy. We need to identify the energy needs based on "enduse." This is the departure from Western calculations of energy needs. The main departure is we must look at energy in the following areas:

Materials: Steel, metals etc. Synthetic Polymers: PVC, polyethylene, adhesives etc. Liquid fuels Cement
In developed countries, energy needs are looked as the availability of "gas and/or gasoline" and electricity. There can be a major leap in rural infrastructure (villages & small towns), economy and livelihoods if 5T of coal-equivalent energy supply is available per family per year. We currently
make available only 0.5-1 ton. However, there is capacity to provide this level of energy with 50% from solar and other 50% from materials such as bamboo, small timber chemical intermediates from plants (such as non-edible oils, phenols, starch, ethanol) etc. So far we have been neglecting solar energy. Currently, from the point of end-use, 40% of energy from coal is in the form of steam (or heat). Steam can also be produced at low-cost by solar-thermal systems. An overhead of a low-cost, high-performance solar thermal equipment, fabricated at Bhusawal (Maharashtra) was shown. The 10 square-meter concentrator has a modular design with regular-size flat glass mirrors, supported by a steel truss to give the overall shape of a paraboloid concentrator. The receiver, located at the focus of the concentrator, is an aluminum cage (about the size of a trashcan) with tubes running around it (for transferring heat to the working medium----oil or steam). The entire structure has been designed to withstand very high gusts of winds. The present cost of the system (including the tracking drive) is Rs. 7500 per square meter. The amount of heat delivered by the unit over a period of 8 hours is roughly 1 kg coal-equivalent (about 3500 kcal in the case of highash content coal) per square-meter of the concentrator. If the size of the concentrator is increased, engineered wood-bamboo composites can replace the steel frame with a drastic reduction in the cost. We now have the capability to train an engineering diploma holder to fabricate these units in a small garage with no expensive equipment. Note: To increase the capacity of process-able materials for energy to 2.5 tons per household, we need to shift the use of glass in Indian situations from conspicuous use to regenerate-able form of energy. Maybe we need to have a policy of taxing the consumptive/conspicuous users. Bamboo as a material for infrastructure In Andhra Pradesh a large arched-roof community-hall type structure using engineered bamboo elements was built three years ago taking the local conditions as part of the design (overhead shown with the structure). In fact this structure, while built as a cyclone resistant structure, turned out to be the optimal design after exhaustive CAD studies. Another example is in the case of village/small-town roads, where bamboo-grid reinforcement of the road base, (along with natural or synthetic fabric under layer for preventing water entry from below & sides) has enabled the construction of very durable roads (overhead shown). A side note: There are instances in China, where bamboo used for some applications have survived 2000 years. The point is that preservation treatment of bamboo is not a major issue, particularly so with modern techniques. We glorify traditional knowledge only because time tested lessons are the only ones remain for us to glorify from traditions and they deserve to be studied as sources of knowledge. Using modern knowledge of structural engineering, and the inherently superior properties of bamboo, engineered wood-bamboo composite structural members with innovative joining
techniques have been designed which are as strong and durable as reinforced cement columns and beams (overhead shown). Of course, these do need skilled labor. But, then local artisans can be trained in rural areas, leading to rapid increase in livelihood opportunities and the capacity to build excellent rural infrastructure at very low cost. The main point is that we need to look at the approaches of using traditional resources to meet our energy needs. Fortunately, there is a small but important segment of people who do want to look at eco-friendly resources for alternate energy needs. The question to ask is "if we can not provide something do we have the right to use it?" The science has given us the ability to make otherwise worthless material into valuable products. (e.g. silicon for computer chips, optical cables in stead of copper as medium). After all, all mining activity basically involves converting mud or rocks into materials to which we attach greater value. If we can use modern knowledge properly, half of the energy needs of deprived rural areas and small towns can come from solarthermal energy, while the other half can come from in the form of high-value materials and chemical intermediates from biomass. But to achieve this we need a different world-view. We need to look at the concept of producers & users (or consumers). These are all part of the same global system. Ultimately, economics is all about value-addition, whether the value-addition is in the form of primary production (agriculture, fishery, forestry), manufacturing, services or the arts. However, "ADDING VALUE WITHOUT A VALUE SYSTEM ECOLOGICALLY DESIRABLE" IS NOT SOCIALLY OR
How do you plan to reform current education system in India with alternate energy emphasis? We need to have programs such as "education at work place" and options such as Open University. In fact if we have a life-time partnership between producers and students with real world experience, we can hope to train students better equipped to handle these activities. Are there structural studies done for bamboo? Yes. In fact there are many studies including computations of Young's Modulus, specific gravity etc. done and classification and categorization work is also being done. It is indeed possible and being done in terms of modeling and analyzing bamboo as a building material. We are rapidly moving towards development of quality standards for engineered bamboo at levels required for ISO certification. Consider the following scenario being looked at currently: Suppose we have 20 students per teacher, with 10 teachers helping out 20 days per year. They are given 1000 Rs.. Then there will be a post graduate student working in one village first year and expand to three villages next year. In one district we want to select two areas of 5000 hectares each and create a network of the above mentioned set up and encourage the concept of open learning. A possible scenario is a practicing ITI student with real world experience can
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challenge an academic IITian equipped with no practical knowledge. That will be the ultimate achievement of bringing users and producers together in the education system. Activity 1. Forest Village: Produce primary products i.e. bio-mass, wind and hydro energy, avoid unproductive water losses and erosion. 2. Forest fringe settlement: Processing of bio-mass & local mineral to produce intermediate products. 3. Village Producers: Grain pulses etc. for food security. 4. Small Town & Rural neighbors: Fabricate equipment & produce material required for infrastructure and energy sector to serve entire population. 5. Urban fringe settlement: With Internet connectivity & market opportunity, we can convert intermediate products according to consumer demand. 6. Metropolitan cities & large energy intensive industry: These can become major demand centers. The consequences of this activity are: 1. Reducing distance between produce and consumers, thereby reducing prices, creating more livelihood opportunities in rural areas, and enabling better governance & conflict resolution through convergent community action. 2. Income generation in dispersed town so that common people benefit from reduced cost of land and infrastructure. 3. Overall reduction in transmission and transport cost as well as associated losses. 4. Reduction in transactional cost (removing middlemen from the picture). System Management and Policy System management can be improved by setting up service enterprises for energy generation and distribution. A joint sector leasing and financing company with participation of the state renewable energy development agencies, private enterprises, professionals, user groups and cooperatives of artisans is an attractive prospect. This will help to separate the ownership and service functions. A pre-requisite of success is social acceptability of a two part tariff system where basic service will be provided at affordable price by availing of existing generation of distribution facilities and concession for development of renewable energy sources. Changes are necessary in the land and water use and allocation policy. A bio-mass strategy must be implemented to raise the bio-mass production by use of funds currently available for wasteland development with a condition to create and sustain bio-mass pools. Entitlement of the bio-mass to the poor from the local and regional bio-mass pools would make it possible to recover the cost of energy services in the form of bio-mass. High value bio-mass products, inputs for liquid fuel and chemical intermediate production: 1. Starch from various tubers including tapioca (or cassava), sweet potato
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Sugary juices from sweet sorghum, sugarcane and palms Various non-edible oils essentially as energy or chemical intermediates from Jatropha Valuable non-edible oils with preservative and pesticides value such as neem, Karanj Latex including Jatropha Acrylic resins from latex yielding dryland species Phenols (for making phenolic resins used as adhesives in various industries) including cashew nut shell and Bhilava nut (Bibba). 8. Tannin from bark of Harda etc. The above list does not include items which have very specific uses and therefore difficult to market such as medicinal herbs, and consumer products such as perfumes, essential oils, flowers with hazard of market saturation. Note: A hand out distributed includes tables for Ethanol yields of various crops based on average yields in Brazil, Types of raw materials potentially useful for microbial conversion to fuels, Energy analysis of ethanol production from various crop substrates. Sustainable development in India encompasses a variety of development schemes in social, cleantech (clean energy, clean water and sustainable agriculture) and human resources segments, having caught the attention of both Central and State governments and also public and private sectors. In fact, India is expected to begin the greening of its national income accounting, making depletion in natural resources wealth a key component in its measurement of gross domestic product (GDP). India's sustained efforts towards reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) will ensure that the country's per capita emission of GHG will continue to be low until 2030-31, and it is estimated that the per capita emission in 2031 will be lower than per capita global emission of GHG in 2005, according to a new study. Even in 2031, India's per capita GHG emissions would stay under four tonnes of CO2, which is lower than the global per capita emission of 4.22 tonnes of CO2 in 2005. Major Achievements 1. The number of carbon credits issued for emission reduction projects in India is set to triple to 246 million by December 2012 from 72 million in November 2009, according to a CRISIL Research study. 2. This will cement India's second position in the global carbon credits market (technically called Certified Emission Reduction units or CERs). The growth in CER issuance will be driven by capacity additions in the renewable energy sector and by the eligibility of more renewable energy projects to issue CERs. Consequently, the share of renewable energy projects in Indian CERs will increase to 31 per cent. 3. CRISIL Research expects India's renewable energy capacity to increase to 20,000 megawatt (MW) by December 2012, from the current 15,542 MW.
4. The contribution of renewable energy to the power business in India has now reached 70 per cent, compared to 10 per cent in 2000, in terms of project numbers and dollar value, according to Anita George, Regional Industry Director, Asia Infrastructure and Natural Resources, International Finance Corporation (IFC). 5. Growth in use of green technologies has put India on the green-building leader board with countries such as the US. "About 2-3 per cent of all construction in India is green, as good as (in) the US. In the next two or three years, we want to bring it up to 10 per cent, which will put us on top," as per the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). 6. The US$ 1.79 billion Indian lighting market is estimated to be growing at 18 per cent annually and switching rapidly to energy-efficient systems. In value terms, about US$ 425.58 million of the current market size belongs to the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), according to Electrical Lamp and Component Manufacturers' Association of India (ELCOMA) statistics. 7. On the back of the incentive package for electric vehicles announced by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, average monthly sales of electric two-wheelers has risen 20 per cent, according to Sohinder Gill, Director, Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles. 8. Backing the polluter must pay principle to deal with the issue of residual pollution, Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh has endorsed proper enforcement of regulatory standards to prevent green damage. He also inaugurated the 'Delhi Sustainable Development Summit' (DSDS), organised by The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI), on February 3, 2011. 9. National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), the Navratna PSU, under the Union Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India, has become the first PSU in the country by implementing a pilot-cum-demonstration project on Carbon Sequestration in its captive power plant at Angul. The project is expected to go a long way towards addressing the issue of bringing down GHG, a NALCO spokesperson said. 10. Currently, India has 18,655 MW of installed renewable energy, accounting for a total of 11 per cent of the total capacity of 168,954 MW. The target includes adding 20,000 MW of solar energy by 2022, which would take the share of renewable energy in the total electricity generation capacity of the country to 15 per cent, said Dr Arun Tripathi, a director and a scientist at the ministry. He added that the Indian government's goal is that renewable energy should account for 30 per cent share of the total electricity capacity by 2032. Investments India expects investments to the tune of US$ 55 billion by 2015 in the renewable energy sector which is expected to produce 35 giga watt (GW) of power, according to Mr
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Debashish Majumdar, Chairman and Managing Director, Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd (IREDA). According to a recent study on India attractiveness survey by Ernst & Young, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Renewable Energy in India witnessed a 105 per cent rise. Wind energy is the fastest growing renewable energy sector and the FDI inflow in the sector has been increasing over the years. Private equity investment in renewable energy sector picked up pace in the country from 2004. According to a report by 3i Network IDFC, from a private equity investment of US$ 851 million in 2005, inflows into the renewable sector in India soared to US$ 2,136 million in 2008. Separately, a study by the Word Resources Institute recently estimated a renewable energy market of over US$ 2 billion a year in India. Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in this sector appear to provide attractive investment opportunity for private equity funds as a result of policy and regulatory developments such as generation-based tariffs, renewable energy tariffs and the national solar mission. Companies such as Auro Mira Energy, Greenko, Orient Green Power and Green Infra have been cited in the report as some of the IPPs which received funding from investors such as IDFC PE, Axis PE, Baring PE and Global Environment Fund. With the proposed commissioning of a 50 MW tidal power project off the coast of Gujarat in 2013, India is ready to place its first seamark that will be a first for Asia as well. London-based marine energy developer Atlantis Resources Corporation, along with Gujarat Power Corporation Ltd, has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Gujarat government to start this project.
Corporate Investments
State-owned Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL) has entered into an agreement with a Germany-based specialty chemicals maker, Evonik Industries for setting up a multi-million Hydrogen Peroxide and Propylene Oxide (HPPO) project at Dahej in Gujarat. This project would be based on an innovative, environment friendly HPPO technology. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), an agency of the US Government, has signed an agreement with Azure Power to fund its 15 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) project in Gujarat. The investment in the US$ 40 million project will be led by OPIC. Toshiba JSW Turbine & Generator Pvt Ltd said its manufacturing facility for supercritical steam turbines and generators would go on stream in the second half of 2011.
Corporate Initiatives
The worlds first facility to manufacture carbon foam batteries will be set up at Bavla near Ahmedabad. Firefly Energy India is planning to build a plant to produce carbon foam batteries at an investment of US$ 28 million, the companys chairman Mukesh Bhandari said.
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State Bank of India (SBI), the countrys largest lender, has become a signatory investor in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), a collaboration of over 550 global institutional investors with assets under management of US$ 71 trillion.
CDP is an independent not-for-profit organisation, holding the largest database of primary corporate climate change information in the world. Over 3,000 organsations across the worlds largest economies measure and disclose their greenhouse gas emissions and climate change strategies through CDP. These disclosures aid them in setting reduction targets and make performance improvements.
Switzerland-based Satarem AG has signed an agreement for joint venture with SA India, erstwhile promoters of Crocodile brand in India, to enter the waste management and renewable energy business along with consultancy services for cement manufacturers in the country. State-run power company NTPC has set up a joint venture with the Asian Development Bank and Japans Kyuden International Corporation to develop renewable energy projects with a capacity of 500 MW over the next three years. Hyderabad based Premier Solar has signed a contract for import of 200,000 thin film modules which can provide for generation of 20 MW from German manufacturer Schott Solar. Of these, Premier would receive 10 MW worth modules in August 2011, with the rest to be taken in 2012. Wind turbine manufacturer KENERSYS, a part of the Kalyani Group, has set up a new facility at Baramati near Pune with an investment of US$ 11.18 million. The new plant will manufacture large multi-megawatt turbines, with 2 MW rated power. The company will manufacture 250 turbines every year, with a total power generation capacity of 500 MW. IFC has announced corporate equity financing up to US$15 million to Andhra Pradeshbased Shalivahana Green Energy Limited (SGEL), a privately owned entity producing power based on biomass, to fund the latter's pipeline projects.
National Solar Mission The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has informed that the progress in implementing the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is satisfactory and according to schedule. The Ministry has sanctioned 802 MW capacities of grid-connected solar projects and 36 MW of off-grid solar projects. In addition, six major research projects include setting up of National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education at IIT-Bombay were also approved. Clean Energy and Technology
Recently, Cerebra Integrated Technologies has announced the launch of India's largest ewaste recycling facility in Bangalore. With this, Cerebra has begun the first phase of its e-waste management initiative that is separation of metals, non-metals, and processing (crushing) of PCB in the Mobile Shredder. Cerebra plans to send the crushed PCBs to Singapore for further processing and raw material extraction.
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The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is looking to create a demand for energy efficient, products, goods and services awareness. The Bureau has set up an energy efficiency financing platform (EEFP), which aims at ensuring availability of finance at reasonable rates for energy efficiency project implementation and its expansion. Finnish clean technology companies, which have joined forces within a common CleanTech Finland brand, see significant opportunities for Indian companies to help the country achieve its target of producing 38 per cent of energy through renewable sources by 2020.
Government Initiatives The Union Budget of 2011-12 announcements clearly indicate Indian governments decisive plans to promote and develop clean energy and technologies, which will advance Indias Clean Revolution. Key points from the Finance Ministers speech included:

Planned launch of National Mission in hybrid and electric vehicles Allocations of US$ 89.41 million from National Clean Energy fund for speeding up The National Mission for a Green India. The budget of the Environment Ministry increased by around US$ 67.1 million. Extension of Tax holiday for the power sector by one year A budgetary provision (2011-12) of US$ 56.6 million has been made for research and development in new and renewable energy for the first four years of the 11th Five Year Plan of the MNRE. The government would dole out US$ 335 million over the next two years to banks and finance companies to lend money to solar energy projects at a generous 5 per cent interest rate, top government official said. The money would be lent to small solar projects adding up to 200 MW by companies like Sidbi, Nabard and National Housing Bank. These lenders would be provided interest-free loans by IREDA. IFC will provide up to US$ 15 million in corporate equity financing to Simran Wind Project Private Limited (Simran), a privately-owned entity which is into wind-based power production. The company will use the money to finance its pipeline projects worth US$ 40 million in Tamil Nadu. Punjab government has initiated an ambitious clean energy project to generate 1,500 MW power from the run of the canal turbines. The Punjab Energy Development Agency (Peda) has already developed an indigenous prototype of the turbines. To facilitate fast track exploration of shale gas, the Ministry for Petroleum and Natural Gas expects the process of carving out suitable blocks to be completed by April 2011, which would allow floating of the first round of auctions of shale gas blocks in August 2011. Solairedirect Energy India is in talks with the Gujarat government to set up a 20 MW plant at the Solar Energy Park in Kutch at an estimated cost of US$ 67.1 million.
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ROLE OF CHINA GOVERNMENT: After a decade of efforts, China has achieved remarkable progress in sustainable development. - Economic development. China has maintained sustained, rapid and healthy growth of its economy. As a result, the country's overall national strength has built up considerably, with its GDP topping 1 trillion Yuan(RMB). China today is the largest recipient of direct foreign investment in the developing world and the sixth largest trading power in the world. People's livelihood and quality of life have witnessed significant improvement. Furthermore, economic growth is increasingly based on more sustainable ways, relying on enhanced efficiency rather than heavy input of resources. The economic structure is being gradually optimized. - Social development. The trend of excessive population growth has been checked; science, technology and education have made positive headway; and remarkable progress has also been made in social security, poverty eradication, disaster relief and prevention, medical care, and narrowing the regional gap in development. - Ecological conservation, environmental protection and rational exploitation of resources. The central government has greatly increased spending in ecological conservation and environmental protection; the pattern of energy consumption is being gradually optimized; measures for controlling water pollution have been stepped up for key water systems; breakthrough progress has been made in curbing air pollution; comprehensive use of resources has significantly improved; and the ecological environment has improved to some extend thanks to retiring fragile farmlands and switching them to conservation purposes, such as planting trees and grass, and expanding floodwater storage. - Capacity-building for sustainable development. The strategy of sustainable development has been incorporated into various programs and plans by central government ministries and local governments. Public awareness of sustainable development has markedly increased, and relevant laws and regulations have been enacted and enforced. However, China still faces quite a few challenges in implementing sustainable development. - The greatest challenges are: a conflict between rapid economic growth and voluminous consumption of resources and ecological deterioration; social development lagging behind economic development; widening disparities between different regions in social and economic development; constraints posed by a large population and scarce resources; and inconsistencies
between some existing laws, regulations and policies and actual needs for sustainable development. - Major problems urgently needed to be resolved include: the comprehensive quality of the population needs improvement; aging of the population is accelerating; the social security system is inadequate; the pressure on employment is heavy; the economic structure is less than rational; the operation system of the market economy needs to be improved; clean energy has a low share in the total energy consumption; infrastructure is underdeveloped; the information infrastructure for the national economy is of a low level; a serious waste exists in the exploitation of natural resources; environmental pollution is serious; ecological deterioration is still not curbed; legislation on resources management and environmental protection needs improvement. With increasing globalization of the world economy, the international community is enhancing its understanding of and stepping up its efforts for sustainable development and common development. China should, after its accession to the WTO, give full play to the advantage of its system of socialist market economy. In particular, China should give full play to the role of government in organizing and coordinating the implementation of the sustainable development strategy and properly handle the relationship of economic globalization and sustainable development. China should also, based on the achievements of the Johannesburg world summit on sustainable development, actively participate in international cooperation, and safeguard the country's fundamental interests, including its economic and ecological security. ROLE OF AFRICAN GOVERNMENT: Background Information Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio (1992), sustainable development has remained elusive for many African countries. Poverty is still a major challenge, as 41% of the Sub-Sahara African population (or roughly 300 million people) were living on one dollar a day or less in 2004. Most countries on the continent have not managed to reap fully the benefits of globalization. Besides, multiple armed conflicts, insufficient access to education and widespread pandemics, such as HIV and malaria, have undermined Africa's efforts to achieve sustainable development. The region is also challenged by serious environmental threats, including desertification, deforestation and climate change. The New Partnership for Africa's Development Over the last years, African countries have been strongly committed to mounting an effective response to these threats and challenges. The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), which was launched by African heads of state in 2001, provides a framework for
sustainable development to be shared by all Africa's people. It emphasizes the role of partnerships among African countries themselves and between them and the international community, and proposes a shared and common vision to eradicate poverty through sustained economic growth and sustainable development. African Governments African governments have also reinforced the pace of regional integration through the rationalization of existing regional economic communities. They have increased the power of theAfrican Union, especially in the field of security and peace management. Support by the International Community These efforts have been supported by the international community, with financial and technical contributions to regional communities and specific initiatives to foster African development. Thus, the Heavily Indebted and Poor Countries (HIPC) program was initiated by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in 1996, providing debt relief and lowinterest loans to reduce external debt repayments to sustainable levels. Nominal debt service relief under HIPC to the 29 countries that have reached their decision points has been estimated to amount to about US$62 billion, a significant share of which benefited Sub-Saharan African countries. In 2001, the World Trade Organization member states launched the Development Round of negotiations which, if concluded with decisive measures to liberalize agricultural trade, could provide significant benefits to some African countries. The 2008 Qatar meeting to review progress with the 2002 Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development will provide an opportunity for the international community to refocus on the financing needs of African countries if they are to make significant progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Africa: A Priority Area for United Nations Activities Africa is a priority area for United Nations activities, as illustrated by the establishment of the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa (OSAA) by the Secretary-General on 1 May 2003 and the reference to Africas sustainable development as a cross-cutting issue in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (see chapter VIII) which emerged from the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. The special needs of the African continent have been systematically identified there. The strategic importance of international and regional cooperation has been stressed, especially in integrating markets for goods and services, building cross-border infrastructure, developing new crop varieties and other agricultural technologies for African growing conditions, managing shared water and other natural resources, tackling trans boundary pollution, and addressing climate change, including through adaptation.
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ROLE OF UAE GOVERNMENT: For a country like the United Arab Emirates (UAE), urban development is a major concern of policymakers, planners, public officials, and environmental advocates. The UAE has been progressing steadily on the path of growth and development over the last three decades, propelled by an oil-rich economy. Although not affluent in other natural resources, the country scores high on development indices in recent years due to unprecedented economic growth, high per capita income, and robust social development. Among all the nations in the Arabian Gulf region, the UAE has emerged as a hub of commerce, stability, security, and peace. According to the 2005 Human Development Index Report compiled by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the UAE has risen in rank to occupy the 41st position among the developed nations of the world. Because of its economic growth and relatively open immigration policies, the UAE has attracted large numbers of people from all over the world, particularly from Asia and Europe. The UAE has urbanized rapidly over a comparatively brief time frame. Prominent cities like Dubai have expanded several times their size in comparison with what they used to be, even as recently as the 1970s and 1980s. Today, Dubai features prominently on the global map of emerging places, and is now considered by some experts to be among the world cities. The population of the UAE has been increasing by more than 5 percent annually for the past 15 years. The immigrant population in the UAE has grown by more than 6 percent annually during this same time period. One consequence is the UAEs large-scale boom in construction due to the huge expansion of urban areas, facilities, and infrastructure. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region, more than US$300 billion is being invested in building urban residential, commercial, tourism, leisure, and entertainment projects. Of this, the UAE accounts for US$36 billion, according to estimates of the Arab Real Estate and Construction Association. In the next five years this amount is expected to double, making the UAE the pearl of the east. While construction and real estate is a major contributor to Dubais Gross Domestic Product (GDP), it is also among the prime resource-intensive sectors. Thus, growing cities such as Dubai need to plan along sustainable lines in order to reduce their negative environmental impacts and natural resource depletion. There is ample scope for establishing direct links between environmental and developmental issues in urban growth. By promoting sustainable lifestyles, cleaner production, renewable energy, water resources management, reduction of solid waste and sewage treatment, reuse and recycling of materials, ecological urban design and construction, public health, cultural expression and social responsibility of residents, cities can strive to be magnets for long-term environmental sustainability. Taking up the cause of sustainable development, the Emirates Environmental Group (EEG), a leading non-government organization (NGO) based in Dubai, has emerged as one of the most active civil society NGOs in the United Arab Emirates. EEG, as it is popularly known, has been a pioneering force behind the mainstreaming of such potent issues as education for sustainable development, waste management, and separation of recyclable materials at source, the three Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), water and energy conservation, renewable energy production, sustainable transportation, public transit, combating desertification by expanding urban green spaces, promoting recourse efficient green buildings, and encouraging corporate social responsibility. EEGs operations are targeted at building effective outreach among key
stakeholders including governments, businesses, communities, and civil society groups. EEGs vision is to facilitate a green and sustainable UAE. EEG has spearheaded community waste recycling through successful collection campaigns for aluminum cans, paper, cartridges, plastic, and glass. By facilitating sorted collection, EEG aims to promote sound cyclical use of materials, reduction of emissions and pollution, mitigating global climate change and reducing the ecological footprint of the UAE. A few years ago, EEG mounted an awareness campaign to popularize the concept of green buildings in an environment that was still unfamiliar with the imperative for sustainability. Raising awareness among policymakers, communications media, professionals, and community leaders, EEG is now the conscience behind the movement to form a green building council for the UAE, to establish minimum environmental quality standards and objective and transparent rating systems, and to build environmentally sustainable structures. EEG has supported various national and local initiatives to improve and expand public transportation systems, by promoting public education on the economic and environmental benefits of urban transit. EEG has enlisted the active support of the corporate sector to steer growth and development in the direction of sustainability. In 2004, EEG launched the multi-stakeholder Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Network in the UAE, bringing together the heads and hands of urban economic development in a single, structured, composite body. Keeping in perspective that 80 percent of the worlds green house gases causing global warming now come from urban regions, EEG has increased the urgency of its campaign to create a cleaner urban environment, one that is based on the participatory efforts of all concerned. EEGs work has received recognition at the international level, and it has been officially accredited by the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), and by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. EEG is the first environmental NGO in the world to earn the prestigious ISO 14001 accreditation for its environmental management systems. ROLE OF GERMAN GOVERNMENT: Current and Future Activities Based on its work programme for the period 2010-1013, the council will continue investing in the societal dialogue on themes and processes of SD and giving input to the national SD-strategy. Furthermore, the Council will address the policy questions on the institutionalisation of sustainability within society, politics and economy. The UN conference on Sustainable Development in 2012 (UNCSD 2012) is a major reference point for the upcoming work of the RNE. "Green Economy" is a central theme here, as is the demand for appropriate institutional structures for integrating the national trade with the international dimension.
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Present Priority Fields
Vision 2050. Future Dialogue. Building on the Peer Review of Germany's sustainability policies (2009). The project aims to elaborate visions for Germany for the period leading to 2050 in the context of global warming, demography, ongoing globalisation and a changing global context. The results of the dialogue project will be mirrored in the annual conference 2011 and contribute to the progress report of the national strategy on SD Germany, country of raw materials? Continuing work on a sustainable use of resources, urban mining Green Economy, Consumption and Lifestyles. The RNE will address the central topic of Green Economy together with the formerly discussed topics sustainable consumption and lifestyles. More specifically, the RNE will develop the following subtopics: Proposals for SD-measuring in the economic development of the population Development of a German Sustainability Codex Recognition of business performances for SD Sustainable City. Dialogue with mayors on sustainable communal policies. Sustainable fiscal strategies. Demographic development, Health, Public Services. Energy, Climate, Water, Mobility. Sustainable Land Use. Education for SD, integration, cultural diversity. Involvement of Citizens. Parliament and SD. Statements on policy processes towards a SDS. Annual Conferences and further communication elaboration. The topic of this years annual conference: "Resetting the clocks: 2050" (read more) WerkstattN. The project aims to pass 100 sustainability labels to projects or project idea on the basis of a set of sustainability criteria in 2011 to enhance visibility of role models in society and social business as well as to give appreciation
The full work programme (German) can be downloaded here Past Priority Fields

Corporate Social Responsibility; Sustainable Shopping Basket; Peer Review of Germany's sustainability policies; Citizen's action programme in the scope of demographic change (See initiative below); (Communal) Sustainability Management; Social Entrepreneur Award in the frame of the German Sustainability Award; Workshop with local SD representatives
Reent reports, recommendations/statements:
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Review of the Federal Government's sustainability policies - The Peer Review features a broad perspective covering both the Federal Government's sustainability policies with the National Sustainability Strategy at its heart, and the initiatives and working schemes in the private sector as well as key areas of actions being taken in civil society. (November 2009) Recommendation on the sustainable shopping basket (February 2010); Recommendation on education policy (autumn 2009); Statement on sustainability and fiscal system (September 2009); Statement on the 2009 review of the EU-SDS (September 2009)
ROLE OF AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT: Australia made a constructive contribution to the negotiations, achieving positive outcomes in our particular interest areas of oceans, trade, governance and energy. Aiming for practical solutions rather than just words, our delegation worked closely with both developed countries and developing countries through the Group of 77 and China, to address these issues in a way that would achieve real results. The national statements of heads of state and government and ministers focussed on poverty, food, water, sanitation, affordable energy, climate change, HIV/AIDS, and the importance of trade liberalization, especially subsidy reform, as a means of generating the resource flows needed for sustainable development. Australia was very pleased with the success of our neighbours, the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), in focussing world attention on issues of concern to them, particularly the issue of sustainable oceans management. The inclusion of a chapter in the Plan of Implementation on small island developing states was a significant outcome for the PICs and was strongly endorsed by Australia. Significant outcomes for Australia included: Inclusion in the plan of implementation of a section that recognises oceans as an essential component of the Earth's ecosystem and sets an ambitious forward agenda for conserving marine biodiversity, protecting vulnerable areas such as coral reefs and wetlands, reducing marine pollution and eliminating illegal fishing; A hard-fought section on energy that achieves a balance between issues of access to energy for the poor and encouragement for greater use of renewables; and Reinforcement of outcomes from the international meetings on trade and finance at Doha and Monterrey, and strong support for the contribution of trade liberalization to sustainable development and poverty alleviation (with agricultural and environmentally damaging subsidies gaining their share of attention in that context).
On globalization, Australia fought hard and largely successfully to gain recognition that greater openness and integration of trade and investment is fundamental to generating the resources necessary to achieve poverty reduction and the internationally agreed development goals. Good national level governance is also endorsed in the plan as an essential underpinning for sustainable development. REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development http://www.clubs.psu.edu/up/aid/web/activities/talks/datye_2000.html http://envfor.nic.in/divisions/ic/wssd/doc4/consul_book_persp.pdf http://www.globalissues.org/issue/367/sustainable-development http://www.utwente.nl/mb/cstm/education/minor/minor.doc/ http://www.ibef.org/artdispview.aspx?in=70&art_id=28390&cat_id=176&page=3 http://www.un.org/esa/dsd/susdevtopics/sdt_africa.shtml http://www.naturaledgeproject.net/NAON_ch11.aspx http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/t20070205_115702.htm http://www.weeklyblitz.net/2163/the-importance-of-governance-for-sustainable http://www.eeac-net.org/bodies/germany/german_rne.htm http://www.globalurban.org/GUDMag06Vol2Iss1/Al%20Marashi.htm http://www.environment.gov.au/about/international/wssd/index.html
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5. EXPLAINS FOLLOWING: 1. CULTURAL CONFIRMITY Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours to group norms.Norms are implicit rules shared by a group of individuals, that guide their interactions with others and among society or social group. This tendency to conform occurs in small groups and/or society as a whole, and may result from subtle unconscious influences, or direct and overt social pressure. Conformity can occur in the presence of others, or when an individual is alone. For example, people tend to follow social norms when eating or watching television, even when alone. People often conform from a desire for security within a grouptypically a group of a similar age, culture, religion, or educational status. This is often referred to as group think: a particular way of thinking individuals engage in that succeeds realistic appraisal of other courses of action. Unwillingness to conform carries the risk of social rejection. Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture, but strongly affects humans of all ages. Although peer pressure may manifest negatively, conformity can have good or bad effects depending on the situation. Driving on the correct side of the road could be seen as beneficial conformity. Conformity influences formation and maintenance of social norms, and helps societies function smoothly and predictably via the self-elimination of behaviors seen as contrary to unwritten rules. In this sense it can be perceived as (though not proven to be) a positive force that prevents acts that are perceptually disruptive or dangerous. As conformity is a group phenomenon, factors such as group size, unanimity, cohesion, status, prior commitment, and public opinion help determine the level of conformity an individual displays. Culture Berry studied two different populations: the Temne (collectivists) and the Inuits (individualists) and found that the Temne conformed more than the Inuits when exposed to a conformity task. Bond and Smith compared, (1996) 134 studies in a meta-analysis and found that Japan and Brazil were two nations that conformed a lot whereas Europe and the United States of America did not as much. Gender Societal norms often establish gender differences. There are differences in the way men and women conform to social influence. Social psychologists, Alice Eagly and Linda Carli
performed a meta-analysis of 148 studies of influenceability. They found that women are more persuadable and more conforming than men in group pressure situations that involve surveillance. In situations not involving surveillance, women are less likely to conform. Eagly has proposed that this sex difference may be due to different sex roles in society. Women are generally taught to be more agreeable whereas men are taught to be more independent. The composition of the group plays a role in conformity as well. In a study by Reitan and Shaw, it was found that men and women conformed more when there were participants of both sexes involved versus participants of the same sex. Subjects in the groups with both sexes were more apprehensive when there was a discrepancy amongst group members, and thus the subjects reported that they doubted their own judgments. Sistrunk and McDavid made the hypothesis that women conformed more because of a methodological bias. They argued that because stereotypes used in studies are generally male ones (sports, cars..) more than female ones (cooking, fashion..), women are feeling uncertain and conformed more, which was confirmed by their results. Size of the group Milgram and his colleagues found that if one individual stops and stares at the sky, only 4% of the people would stop as well and 40% would look at the sky, whereas if fifteen confederates do it, those numbers become respectively 40% and 90%.
CULTURAL CONFIRMITY While conformity is a fundamental human practice, perceptions and levels of conformity differ between cultures. In the western world, particularly in the United States, we lionize the importance of independence and individualism. Our country began as a rebellion, and the American frontier kept the dream alive. It was said to create freedom by "breaking the bonds of custom, offering new experiences, and calling out new institutions and activities." (Turner) Now we adore Lady Gaga and her peers for their nonconformist attitudes. But are we truly more nonconformists than other cultures? On one hand, we are the culture that produces large amounts of popular music and movies consumed by other countries, but on the other hand, these songs and movies tend to all seem to follow the same formula. Our culture is full of these contradictions. We must look to research for the truth.
Resistance to Cultural Conformity The United States has been dubbed the melting pot because it has been associated with the assimilation of many cultures to that of a homogenized, American culture. Groups that initially regarded themselves as independent entities have found it increasingly difficult to practice their beliefs, especially when cross-cultural interactions precipitate conflict. However, despite pressures to conform, the Ojibwe and Hmong cultures have been remarkably resilient. Their refusal to conform to the melting pot metaphor can be attributed to conflicts with the state and its inability to incorporate their cultural belief systems. Therefore, for the Hmong and Ojibwe, as presented in Larry Nespers The Walleye War and Anne Fadimans The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, conflict becomes a culturally constructive expression. Violating was an integral aspect of Ojibwe culture, and has also played a very important role in the Ojibwes refusal to conform to the melting pot metaphor. Violating was regarded as an integral element to Ojibwe identity, and its practice was a significant transition to manhood for Indian boys. Therefore, threats of forcing conformity onto the Ojibwe people were opposed and this opposition actually facilitated stronger cultural distinctness. Nesper related how Ojibwe men exhibited defiance towards the wardens by hiding on the seat floors of non-Indian friends so that they could continue to hunt during the offseason, or how they led wardens astray so Ojibwe fishermen could escape with a bounty of fish.1Furthermore, expressions of conflict were employed to coincide with Ojibwe cultural belief systems. Whereas monotheistic cultures view nature as a domain that reproduces in spite of human appropriation, the Ojibwe belief emphasizes the reciprocal exchange with the spirit world. Why does indian culture encourage so much conformity? Because parents and stuff were born in the days where poverty is nearly everywhere, they want their children to succeed. Doctors and engineers in those days are considered to be GOOD jobs, prestige, wealth etc, even now it still is. But now in the 21st century India is a booming country, more and more people are joining the middle class rank and are now afford to even have luxuries, but to the older generations they will stick to their ancient way of thinking. It will be the same for most of us as well, our way of thinking will be completely different to our future children. REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformity http://saintjoehigh.enschool.org/ourpages/auto/2010/8/2/57026194/Chapter%203%20review%20 Notes.pdf http://appsychtextbk.wikispaces.com/Cultural+Conformity http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/jul/24/mondaymediasection11 http://www.writework.com/essay/resistance-cultural-conformity
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2. CULTURAL SHOCK Culture shock is the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, or to a move between social environments
One of the most common causes of culture shock involves individuals in a foreign country. Culture shock can be described as consisting of at least one of four distinct phases: Honeymoon, Negotiation, Adjustment, and Mastery. There is no true way to entirely prevent culture shock, as individuals in any society are personally affected by cultural contrasts differently.
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FOUR PHASE Honeymoon phase During this period, the differences between the old and new culture are seen in a romantic light. For example, in moving to a new country, an individual might love the new food, the pace of life, and the locals' habits. During the first few weeks, most people are fascinated by the new culture. They associate with nationals who speak their language, and who are polite to the foreigners. This period is full of observations and new discoveries. Like most honeymoon periods, this stage eventually ends.
Negotiation phase After some time (usually around three months, depending on the individual), differences between the old and new culture become apparent and may create anxiety. Excitement may eventually give way to unpleasant feelings of frustration and anger as one continues to experience unfavorable events that may be perceived as strange and offensive to one's cultural attitude. Language barriers, stark differences in public hygiene, traffic safety, food accessibility and quality may heighten the sense of disconnection from the surroundings. While being transferred into a different environment puts special pressure on communication skills, there are practical difficulties to overcome, such as circadian rhythm disruption that often leads toinsomnia and daylight drowsiness; adaptation of gut flora to different bacteria levels and concentrations in food and water; difficulty in seeking treatment for illness, as medicines may
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have different names from the native country's and the same active ingredients might be hard to recognize. Still, the most important change in the period is communication: People adjusting to a new culture often feel lonely and homesick because they are not yet used to the new environment and meet people with whom they are not familiar every day. The language barrier may become a major obstacle in creating new relationships: special attention must be paid to one's and others' culture-specificbody language signs, linguistic faux pas, conversation tone, linguistic nuances and customs, and false friends. In the case of students studying abroad, some develop additional symptoms of loneliness that ultimately affect their lifestyles as a whole. Due to the strain of living in a different country without parental support, international students often feel anxious and feel more pressure while adjusting to new cultureseven more so when the cultural distances are wide, as patterns of logic and speech are different and a special emphasis is put on rhetoric. Adjustment phase Again, after some time (usually 6 to 12 months), one grows accustomed to the new culture and develops routines. One knows what to expect in most situations and the host country no longer feels all that new. One becomes concerned with basic living again, and things become more "normal". One starts to develop problem-solving skills for dealing with the culture and begins to accept the culture's ways with a positive attitude. The culture begins to make sense, and negative reactions and responses to the culture are reduced. Mastery phase In the mastery stage assignees are able to participate fully and comfortably in the host culture. Mastery does not mean total conversion; people often keep many traits from their earlier culture, such as accents and languages. It is often referred to as the biculturalism stage.
Reverse Culture Shock Reverse Culture Shock (Re-entry Shock or own culture shock may take place returning to one's home culture after growing accustomed to a new one can produce the same effects as described above. This results from the psychosomatic and psychological consequences of the readjustment process to the primary culture.The affected person often finds this more surprising and difficult to deal with than the original culture shock. This phenomenon, the reactions that members of the re-entered culture exhibit toward the re-entrant, and the inevitability of the two are encapsulated in the saying "you can't go home again
BASIC THREE OUTCOMES There are three basic outcomes of the Adjustment Phase:
Some people find it impossible to accept the foreign culture and integrate. They isolate themselves from the host country's environment, which they come to perceive as hostile, withdraw into a "ghetto" and see return to their own culture as the only way out. These "Rejectors" also have the greatest problems re-integrating back home after return.
Some people integrate fully and take on all parts of the host culture while losing their original identity. They normally remain in the host country forever. This group is sometimes known as "Adopters".
Some people manage to adapt to the aspects of the host culture they see as positive, while keeping some of their own and creating their unique blend. They have no major problems returning home or relocating elsewhere. This group can be thought to be somewhat cosmopolitan.
Culture shock has many different effects, time spans, and degrees of severity. Many people are handicapped by its presence and do not recognize what is bothering them.
TRANSITION SHOCK Culture shock is a subcategory of a more universal construct called transition shock. Transition shock is a state of loss and disorientation predicated by a change in one's familiar environment which requires adjustment. There are many symptoms of transition shock, some which include:

Excessive concern over cleanliness and health Feelings of helplessness and withdrawal Irritability Anger Glazed stare Desire for home and old friends Physiological stress reactions Homesickness Boredom Withdrawal
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Getting "stuck" on one thing Suicidal or fatalistic thoughts Excessive sleep Compulsive eating/drinking/weight gain Stereotyping host nationals Hostility towards host nationals
REFERENCES 1. Macionis, John, and Linda Gerber. "Chapter 3 - Culture." Sociology. 7th edition ed. Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada Inc., 2010. 54. Print. 2. ^ Pedersen, Paul. The Five Stages of Culture Shock: Critical Incidents Around the Worldd. Contributions in psychology, no. 25. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1995. 3. ^ Barna, LaRay M. "HOW CULTURE SHOCK AFFECTS COMMUNICATION." Communication 5.1 (n.d.): 1-18. SocINDEX with Full Text. EBSCO.29 Sept.2009.web. 4. ^ Oberg, Dr. Lalervo. "Culture Shock and the problem of Adjustment to the new cultural environments". World Wide Classroom Consortium for International Education & Multicultural studies. 29 Sept 2009. 5. ^ Mavrides, Gregory PhD Culture Shock and Clinical Depression. Foreign Teachers Guide to Living and Working in China. Middle Kingdom Life, 2009. Web. 29 Sept. 2009. 6. ^ Martin Woesler, A new model of intercultural communication critically reviewing, combining and further developing the basic models of Permutter, Yoshikawa, Hall, Hofstede, Thomas, Hallpike, and the social-constructivism, Bochum/Berlin 2009, book series Comparative Cultural Sciences vol. 1
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3. CULTURAL DYNAMICS Recent developments and events point to the problem of social and cultural integration in changing societies: The emergence of fundamentalist groups and transnational or rather regional movements, the riots in Paris and Sydney, the overwhelming rejection of the European constitution, or ethnic and regional conflicts such as in Sri Lanka or Sudan. They lead to discussions about (national) identity, about shared standards and values, and about cultural backgrounds. This illustrates the urgency of wide-ranging scientific research into cultural dynamics. Knowledge about the processes of cultural change is the key to solving a number of urgent social problems. The focus of Cultural Dynamics lies in the formation of cultural identity as a dynamic social process which is crucial for the (re)definition of the identities of individuals, groups and nations. Insights into the complex process of forming cultural identity in the Western and non-Western world will make a significant contribution to the cohesion of society. Principal research lines in the intended programme are citizenship and identity; creative design and innovation; intermediality; popular culture; and canon formation. Cultural Dynamics is a new theme that is being developed by the NWO research divisions for the Humanities and Social Sciences and the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO). This programme links up with the themes of TNO and the GTIs as well as the strategic agenda of the government departments. Elements of Culture International marketers must design products, distribution systems, and promotional programs with due consideration to culture, which was defined as including five elements: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Cultural values Rituals Symbols Beliefs, and Thought processes
Factual versus Interpretive Cultural Knowledge There are two kinds of knowledge about cultures both of which are necessary Factual knowledge is usually obvious and must be learned, e.g., different meanings of colors, and different tastes; it deals with a facts about a culture Interpretive knowledge is the ability to understand and appreciate the nuances of different cultural traits and patterns, e.g., the meaning of time, and attitudes toward people Interpretive knowledge requires a degree of insight It is dependent on past experience for interpretation It is prone to misinterpretation if ones SRC is used
Cultural Factors of various countries Never touch the head of a Thai or pass an object over it The head is considered sacred in Thailand.
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Avoid using triangular shapes in Hong Kong, Korea and Taiwan. It is considered a negative shape. The number 7 is considered bad luck in Kenya, good luck in the Czech Republic and has a magical connotation in Benin. The number 10 is bad luck in Korea. The number 4 means death in Japan. Red represents witchcraft and death in many African countries. Red is a positive color in Denmark.
Innovations: functional or dysfunctional. The consequences of diffusion of an innovation may be functional or dysfunctional depending on whether the effects of the social system are desirable. A dysfunctional innovation is one where the effects within the social system are undesirable. A functional innovation is one where the effects within the social system are desirable (ie. there would be no dysfunctional consequences). Eg. The introduction of condensed milk to the diet of babies in underdeveloped countries where protein deficiency is a health problem. On the surface it would appear that the consequences of the addition of condensed milk to the diet would result in better nutrition and health, stronger and faster growth, etc. However, evidence tends to indicate that in at least one situation there were dysfunctional consequences of the innovation. Instead of health benefits, a substantial increase in dysentery, diarrhea, and a high infant mortality rate resulted.
Cultural Dynamics and Emotions Network CDEN - The Cultural Dynamics and Emotions Network CDEN was set up in March 2007 with the aim to stimulate international and interdisciplinary research on cultural dynamics and emotions. The Network intends to build on recent debates in the fields of globalisation and emotion studies that investigate emotional processes in a world of movement. Objectives of the CDEN Website to offer up-to-date information about the activities of CDEN, to serve as a platform for global interdisciplinary debate about cultural production and emotions, to be a point of contact for lecturers in the School of History and Anthropology (Queens University Belfast), MOP Vaishnav College for women and other universities to exchange lecture material and facilitate interaction and cooperation between students in Belfast, Chennai and other places, to be a point of contact for lecturers and students in universities elsewhere, to create a bibliography with relevant references that can be used for teaching and research purposes,

to create a virtual visual library with images and film footage that can be used for teaching and research purposes, to stimulate communication between students who are involved in the production of text, image, and sound, and/or interested in academic debates about cultural processes and emotional dynamics.
Further objectives of CDEN to explore funding possibilities for teaching exchanges to explore funding possibilities for student exchanges to explore funding possibilities for postgraduate and postdoctoral research to explore funding possibilities for talks and conferences to explore funding possibilities for exhibitions, performances and events
REFERENCES http://katrodiya.hubpages.com/hub/Cultural-Dynamics-in-Assessing-Global-Markets http://www.nwo.nl/nwohome.nsf/pages/NWOA_6XYDQU_Eng http://www.qub.ac.uk/cden/ http://www.cognitionandculture.net/home/news/58-cfps/2391-social-norms-and-culturaldynamics
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4. AN IMPACT OF CULTURE AND VALUE ON BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Different organisations have different cultures. Organisations build up their own cultures through a mixture of history and structure. A culture can help to build up a sense of identity e.g. who we are, what we stand for and what we do, the way we do things around here. A company that is based on family values may have the following impacts: IMPACT ON THE EMPLOYEES Feel valued Feel respected Views listened too Fun Interesting Good working conditions
IMPACT ON THE ORGANISATION Loyal employees Happy employees Better production Less employee sick time More customers Liked in the community
Ben and Jerrys culture and values are very much focused around its responsibility to the environment. They believe that it is important to lead with their ideals about sourcing their ingredients, supporting other organisations, and helping the environment. Their mission statement is divided into three sections as shown below: Product Mission To make, distribute & sell the finest quality all natural ice cream & euphoric concoctions with a continued commitment to incorporating wholesome, natural ingredients and promoting business practices that respect the Earth and the Environment. Economic Mission To operate the Company on a sustainable financial basis of profitable growth, increasing value for our stakeholders & expanding opportunities for development and career growth for our employees.
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Social Mission To operate the company in a way that actively recognizes the central role that business plays in society by initiating innovative ways to improve the quality of life locally, nationally & internationally.
Culture is about how the organisation organises itself, its rules, procedures and beliefs make up the culture of the company. I have found out abut six types of organisational cultures. Power Culture Control is the key element in a power culture. These are normally found in small or medium sized organisations. Decisions are usually taken by one key person in the organisation who likes the control and power. This is important as you need someone to take overall control but they may not listen to staff and the staff may become de-motivated and not feel valued. This in turn can lead to high turn over of staff.
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Role Culture This is where organisations are slit up into different functions and each person has a particular role. This means that those people can specialise in their role. This means that productivity should increase. It is a very logical way to organise a large organisation. Task Culture This is where teams within an organisation complete given tasks. Staff can feel motivated because they are in charge of that task which can make them feel valued. NASA has teams which oversee particular missions based on this concept. Person culture The focus of this culture is the person or individual aim of the organisation. This is commonly found in charities or non profit organisations. Forward and backward looking cultures These are found in organisation where they listen to staff and customers ideas and that have an entrepreneurial spirit. They are continually looking forward and can be risk takers. Dyson could be said to have this type of culture. In contrast Marks and Spencers could be thought of backward thinking as they are slow to change, they do not take risks as they could be worried about their business not doing well. GLOBAL CORPORATE CULTURE AND VALUE At Schindler, we are convinced that staying successful in the international business environment requires more than just striving for economic success. We must also accept social responsibility and demonstrate environmental awareness. We at Schindler live and practice our company values. They serve as the basis for our management style and business practices. Safety More than 40,000 Schindler employees work around the clock to serve 900 million people using our elevators and escalators every day. Safety for each one of our customers and employees is first and foremost. Create Value for the Customer As a service company, a strong customer orientation must be the basis for design and delivery of all products and service offerings. Commitment to the People Development Only the right people can create exceptional value for our customers. We develop our employees' skills to effectively work with our customers in understanding their needs and how they can get the most value from our products and services.
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Schindler strives to be the preferred employer in its industry and all countries of the world where it does business. We promote diversity and equal opportunity in hiring and developing our people. Visible Leadership Schindler empowers its people at all levels to make decisions and develop skills necessary to be leaders who can shape the course of the company's direction. Integrity All our employees, regardless of position, function or location adhere to the Schindler Code of Conduct.
REAL LIFE EXAMPLE: (SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS) As a global company with approximately 190,000 employees and operations in 61 countries worldwide, Samsung Electronics is fully committed to complying with local laws and regulations as well as applying a strict global code of conduct to all employees. It believes that ethical management is not only a tool for responding to the rapid changes in the global business environment, but also a vehicle for building trust with its various stakeholders including customers, shareholders, employees, business partners, and local communities. With an aim to become one of the most ethical companies in the world that is respected by its stakeholders, Samsung Electronics continues to train its employees and operate monitoring systems, while practicing fair and transparent corporate management. In an expression of its commitment to corporate social responsibility as a world leading company, Samsung Electronics announced the Five Samsung Business Principles in 2005. The principles serve as the foundation for its global code of conduct in compliance with legal and ethical standards and the fulfillment of its corporate social responsibilities. The global code of conduct sets forth detailed behavioral guidelines and judgmental standards for Samsung Electronics employees as members of a world leading company. The code of conduct includes elimination of nationality or gender discrimination, transparent disclosure of business information, customer information protection and partner collaboration. All of Samsung Electronics employees will abide by this code of conduct in their relationship with their peers and customers.
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Samsung Electronics Global Code of Conduct

Principle 1. 1-1. We comply with all law and ethical standards. 1-2. We respect the dignity and diversity of individuals. 1-3. We compete in accordance with the law and business ethics. 1-4. We maintain transparency of accounts with accurate recording of transactions. 1-5. We do not get involved in politics and maintain neutrality. 1-6. We protect information on individuals and business partners. Principle 2. 1-1. We maintain a clean organizational culture. 1-2. We make a strict distinction between pubic and private affairs in our duties. 1-3. We protect and respect the intellectual properties of the company and others. 1-4. We create a sound organizational atmosphere. 1-5. We maintain the dignity of Samsung Electronics in our external activities. Principle 3. 1-1. We respect customers, shareholders and employees. 1-2. We put priority on customer satisfaction in management activities. 1-3. We pursue management focused on shareholder value. 1-4. We endeavor to improve our employees quality of life.

Principle 4. We care for the environment, health, and safety. We pursue environment friendly management. We value the health and safety of human begins. Principle 5. We are a socially responsible corporate citizen. We sincerely execute our basic responsibilities as a corporate citizen. We respect the social and cultural values of local communities and practice prosperous coexistence. We build relationships of co-existence and co-prosperity with our business partners.
REFERENCES: http://www.diplomainfo.org.uk/documents/Organisations.pdf http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071205055849AALffw5 http://www.schindler.com/group-index/group-kg-chr/group-kg-chr-culture/group-kg-chrvalues.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/W5973E/w5973e07.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_ethics http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainablemanagement/samsungvalue codeofconduct/samsungvaluecodeofconduct.html
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2. WRITE SHORT NOTE ON SOCIAL AUDIT OF BUSINESS

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SOCIAL AUDIT CYCLE

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More than nature's ability to replenish

Environmental degradation Not sustainable

Equal to nature's ability to replenish

Environmental equilibrium Steady state economy

Less than nature's ability to replenish

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REFERENCES http://katrodiya.hubpages.com/hub/Cultural-Dynamics-in-Assessing-Global-Markets http://www.nwo.nl/nwohome.nsf/pages/NWOA_6XYDQU_Eng http://www.qub.ac.uk/cden/ http://www.cognitionandculture.net/home/news/58-cfps/2391-social-norms-and-culturaldynamics

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