S Se em miin na ar rR Re ep po or rt t

titled

LI-FI TECHNOLOGY
Submitted BY

Mr. Soham Pandya Mr. Akash Kachhadiya

Supervisor

Prof. Vivaksha Jariwala

Sep-Oct, 2013-2014

Department of Computer Engineering

C. K. PITHAWALLA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

Department of Computer Engineering C. K. PITHAWALLA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, SURAT

(2013-2014) Approval Sheet This is to state that the Seminar Report entitled Li-fi Techonology submitted by

Mr. Soham Pandya (Enrollment No: 110090107033), Mr. Akash Kachhadiya (Enrollment No: 110090107035 ) is approved.

Seminar Evaluation Committee

Supervisor

Examiners

Head, Department of Computer Engineering

Date:21th sep, 2013 Place:CKPCET,Surat

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Acknowledgements
I am overwhelmed with sense of gratitude and convey my sincere THANKS to guide respected Prof. Vivaksha Jariwala, without her able guidance and meaningful direction I could not have been able to complete and finish the work so smoothly and successfully. She/He always gave me kind co-operation in all way and boost up my confidence. She/He gave me many suggestions and comments that really improved the readability of this document. I would also like to thank teaching and non-teaching staff of Computer Department, CKPCET, Surat for their support. I would also like to thank my family and friends who have helped me a lot.

Soham Pandya (Enrollment No. 110090107033) ABC (Enrollment No. 110090107035)

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Abstract
Whether youre using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or competing for bandwidth at a conference, youve probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds you face when more than one device is tapped into the network. As more and more people and their many devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves are going to make it increasingly difficult to latch onto a reliable signal. But radio waves are just one part of the spectrum that can carry our data. What if we could use other waves to surf the internet? One German physicist,DR. Harald Haas, has come up with a solution he calls Data Through Illuminationtaking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. Its the same idea behind infrared remote controls, but far more powerful. Haas says his invention, which he calls D-Light, can produce data rates faster than 10 megabits per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a future where data for laptops, smartphones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. And security would be a snap if you cant see the light, you cant access the data. Li-Fi is a VLC, visible light communication, technology developed by a team of scientists including Dr Gordon Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr Mostafa Afgani at the University of Edinburgh. The term Li-Fi was coined by Prof. Haas when he amazed people by streaming high-definition video from a standard LED lamp, at TED Global in July 2011. Li-Fi is now part of the Visible Light Communications (VLC) PAN IEEE 802.15.7 standard. Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs. These devices are normally used for illumination by applying a constant current through the LED. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. Unseen by the human eye, this variation is used to carry high-speed data, says Dr Povey, , Product Manager of the University of Edinburgh's Li-Fi Program D-Light Project

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Table of Contents
Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................1

1.1 MOTIVATION .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 OUTLINE ................................................................................................. 2

2.0 MORE INFORMATION ABOUT LIFI ................................3

2.1 HOW LI-FI WORKS ................................................................................... 3 2.2 COMPARISION BETWEEN LIFI AND WIFI .................................................. 5 2.3 WHY ONLY VISIBLE RAYS ....................................................................... 7

3.0 ADVANTAGES OF LI-FI .....................................................10

3.1 LARGE BANDWIDTH ............................................................................. 10 3.2 HIGHLY SECURE .................................................................................... 10 3.3 AND MANY MORE ................................................................................. 10

4.0 LIMITATION .........................................................................11

4.1 LIGHT IS ESSENTIAL .............................................................................. 11 4.2 CANT GO THROUGH WALL ................................................................... 11

5.0 APPLOCATION .....................................................................12

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 AIRWAYS:- ........................................................................................... 12 GREEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:- .................................................. 12 FREE FROM FREQUENCY BANDWIDTH PROBLEM:- ............................... 13 INCREASE COMMUNICATION SAFETY:- ................................................. 13 MULTI USER COMMUNICATION:- .......................................................... 13 LIGHTINGS POINTS USED AS HOTSPOT:- ............................................... 13 SMARTER POWER PLANTS:- .................................................................. 14 UNDERSEA AWESOMENESS:- ................................................................ 14

6.0 FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION .............................15 REFERENCES ..............................................................................16

List of figures

Fig 1 : Fig 2 : Fig 3 : Fig 4 : Fig 5 : Fig 6 : Fig 7 : Fig 8 : Fig 9 : Fig 10 : Fig 11 : Fig 12 : Fig 13 :

Dr. harand hass : research in 2004 ....................................................................... 1 LED bulb .............................................................................................................. 2 Working of lifi ..................................................................................................... 4 Use of lifi in office ............................................................................................... 5 Electromagnetic Spectrum ................................................................................... 7 Infrared wave ....................................................................................................... 8 Ultraviolet rays..................................................................................................... 8 Electromagnetic Spectrum-2 ................................................................................ 9 Essentiality of light ............................................................................................ 11 Wall limitation ............................................................................................... 11 Airways application ....................................................................................... 12 hotspot application ......................................................................................... 13 Powerplant application................................................................................... 14

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List of Tables
Table 1 : Comparison between current and future wireless technology .......................... 6

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1.0 Introduction

In simple terms, Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fi. That is, it uses light instead of radio waves to transmit information. And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiver-fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive information. Since simple light bulbs are used, there can technically be any number of access points.

1.1

Motivation

Harald Haas, a professor at the University of Edinburgh who began his research in the field in 2004, gave a debut demonstration of what he called a Li-Fi prototype at the TEDGlobal conference in Edinburgh on 12th July 2011. He used a table lamp with an LED bulb to transmit a video of blooming flowers that was then projected onto a screen behind him. During the event he periodically blocked the light from lamp to prove that the lamp was indeed the source of incoming data. At TEDGlobal, Haas demonstrated a data rate of transmission of around 10Mbps -- comparable to a fairly good UK broadband connection. Two months later he achieved 123Mbps

Fig 1 : Dr. harand hass : research in 2004

Back in 2011 German scientists succeeded in creating an800Mbps (Megabits per second) capable wireless network by using nothing more than normal red, blue, green and white LED light bulbs (here), thus the idea has been around for awhile and various other global teams are also exploring the possibilities.

Fig 2 : LED bulb

1.2

Outline

In chapter 2, we have described theoretical background of Secure Data Aggregation and Privacy Homomorphism. We have discussed various Privacy Homomorphic Encryption algorithms based on symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptography in chapter 3. Our implementation methodology with test application is there in chapter 4 and performance, results and analysis is discussed in chapter 5 followed by conclusion in chapter 6.

2.0 More information about

Lifi

2.1

How li-fi works

Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs at the downlink transmitter. These devices are normally used for illumination only by applying a constant current. However, by fast and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds. This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup. The operational procedure is very simple-, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if its off you transmit a 0. The LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data. Hence all that is required is some LEDs and a controller that code data into those LEDs. All one has to do is to vary the rate at which the LEDs flicker depending upon the data we want to encode. Further enhancements can be made in this method, like using an array of LEDs for parallel data transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the lights frequency with each frequency encoding a different data channel. Such advancements promise a theoretical speed of 10 Gbps meaning one can download a full high-definition film in just 30 seconds.

Fig 3 : Working of lifi

To further get a grasp of Li-Fi consider an IR remote.(fig 3.3). It sends a single data stream of bits at the rate of 10,000-20,000 bps. Now replace the IR LED with a Light Box containing a large LED array. This system, fig 3.4, is capable of sending thousands of such streams at very fast rate.

Fig 4 : Use of lifi in office Light is inherently safe and can be used in places where radio frequency communication is often deemed problematic, such as in aircraft cabins or hospitals. So visible light communication not only has the potential to solve the problem of lack of spectrum space, but can also enable novel application. The visible light spectrum is unused, it's not regulated, and can be used for communication at very high speeds.

2.2

Comparision between Lifi and Wifi

LI-FI is a term of one used to describe visible light communication technology applied to high speed wireless communication. It acquired this name due to the similarity to WIFI, only using light instead of radio.WI-FI is great for general wireless coverage within buildings, and li-fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area and for relieving radio interference issues, so the two technologies can be considered complimentary.

Technology

Speed

Data dencity

Wireless (current) Wi-Fi - IEEE 802.11n Bluetooth IrDA 150 Mbps 3 Mbps 4 Mbps *

* ***

Wireless (future)

WiGig Giga-IR Li-Fi

2 Gbps 1 Gbps >1Gbps

** *** ****

Table 1 : Comparison between current and future wireless technology

The table also contains the current wireless technologies that can be used for transferring data between devices today, i.e. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and IrDA. Only Wi-Fi currently offers very high data rates. The IEEE 802.11.n in most implementations provides up to 150Mbit/s (in theory the standard can go to 600Mbit/s) although in practice you receive considerably less than this. Note that one out of three of these are an optical technology.

2.3

Why only visible rays

Fig 5 : Electromagnetic Spectrum

There are many waves. Like radio waves, which we are, Radio waves, infrared, visible, Ultra-violet, X-rays, Gamma rays. But why we are only concentrating on visible rays only in this technology, reason are as given below. 2.3.1 Radio-waves Radio waves have its limitation. 1) use of radio wave is little expensive . 2) radio wave has limited bandwidth 3) use of radio wave is Less secure. 2.3.2 Infrared Infrared are single data stream. This has speed of 20,000 bits per sec only. And Infrared cannot be used for video streaming.

Fig 6 : Infrared wave 2.3.3 Ultra violet It is good to use Ultra violet but it is harmful to human body so we cannot use it in general purpose.

Fig 7 : Ultraviolet rays

2.3.4 X-rays It is already used in Hospitals. And it also effects human body and can also cause cancer. Therefore, we cannot use it. 2.3.5 Gamma rays We cannot generate gamma rays worldwide for general purpose and it is too much costly .

2.3.6 Visible rays The bandwidth of visible rays is 10,000 times more than The Bandwidth of Radio. And they are highly secure because we can stop them by putting objects. They are easily available as we are using bulbs worldwide some minor changes will give best medium for data transfer.

Fig 8 :

Electromagnetic Spectrum-2

3.0 Advantages of Li-fi

3.1

Large Bandwidth
Li-fi has high bandwidth than wifi . it use visible light rays then Radio rays . It has the 10,000 times more bandwidth then the radio bandwidth .

3.2

Highly secure
Lifi is highly secure as it is using light rays. Any unauthorized person wants to steal the data he has to enter in to light rays. This is bounded of some radius area.

3.3

And many more

Every LiFi light unit can convey up to 10 times more information than a WiFi Hot-Spot A frequencies band completely free and unlicensed worldwide No interference with radio waves and electromagnetic fields Combined to LED lighting you can save energy up to 80% compared to a traditional lighting Geolocation information : You can target information to relay accurately depending on the lighting device Exchange your files safely : As light does not cross walls, you have an increased security of your wireless Ability of multi-user communication Adapted to buildings or infrastructures where GSM and WiFi are forbidden or cannot pass Omnipresence of LEDs in domestic lighting, industrial, displays and urban signage

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4.0 Limitation

4.1

Light is essential

For Lifi technology light is essencial . the areas where we want to communicate by lifi we have to give light rays .

Fig 9 : Essentiality of light

4.2

Cant go through wall

Visible rays cannot pass through walls or any objects. Therefore, it is essential to provide different source to every place, which is separated by wall.

Fig 10 :

Wall limitation

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5.0 Applocation

5.1

Airways:-

Whenever we travel through airways we face the problem in communication media ,because the whole airways communication are performed on the basis of radio waves. To overcomes this drawback on radioways ,li-fi is introduce.

Fig 11 :

Airways application

5.2

Green information technology:-

Green information technology means that unlike radiowaves and other communication waves affects on the birds , human bodys etc. Li-Fi never gives such side effects on any living thing.

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5.3

Free From Frequency Bandwidth Problem:-

Li-fi is an communication media in the form of light ,so no matter about the frequency bandwidth problem . It does not require the any bandwidth spectrum i.e. we dont need to pay any amount for communication and licence.

5.4

Increase Communication Safety:-

Due to visual light communication , the node or any terminal attach to our network is visible to the host of network .

5.5

Multi User Communication:-

Li-Fi supports the broadcasting of network , it helps to share multiple thing at a single instance called broadcasting.

5.6

Lightings Points Used as Hotspot:-

Any lightings device is performed as a hotspot it means that the light device like car lights, ceiling lights , street lamps etc area able to spread internet connectivity using visual light communication. Which helps us to low cost architecture for hotspot. Hotspot is an limited region in which some amount of device can access the internet connectivity .

Fig 12 :

hotspot application

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5.7

Smarter Power Plants:-

Wi-Fi and many other radiation types are bad for sensitive areas. Like those surrounding power plants. But power plants need fast, inter-connected data systems to monitor things like demand, grid integrity and (in nuclear plants) core temperature. The savings from proper monitoring at a single power plant can add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Li-Fi could offer safe, abundant connectivity for all areas of these sensitive locations. Not only would this save money related to currently implemented solutions, but the draw on a power plants own reserves could be lessened if they havent yet converted to LED lighting.

Fig 13 :

Powerplant application

5.8

Undersea Awesomeness:-

Underwater ROVs, those favourite toys of treasure seekers and James Cameron, operate from large cables that supply their power and allow them to receive signals from their pilots above. ROVs work great, except when the tether isnt long enough to explore an area, or when it gets stuck on something. If their wires were cut and replaced with light say from asubmerged, high-powered lamp then they would be much freer to

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explore. They could also use their headlamps to communicate with each other, processing data autonomously and referring findings periodically back to the surface, all the while obtaining their next batch of orders.

6.0 future scope and conclusion

The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If his technology can be put into practical use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi-Fi hotspot to transmit wireless data and we will proceed toward the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future. The concept of Li-Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio-based wireless. As a growing number of people and their many devices access wireless internet, the airwaves are becoming increasingly clogged, making it more and more difficult to get a reliable, high-speed signal. This may solve issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and also allow internet where traditional radio based wireless isnt allowed such as aircraft or hospitals. One of the shortcomings however is that it only work in direct line of sight.

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References

[Websites:1. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Now-just-light-abulb-to-switch-on-your-broadband/articleshow/9713554.cms

2. http://oledcomm.com/lifi.html

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li-Fi

4. http://slideshare.com/li-fitech.html 5. http://www.lificonsortium.org/

PDF
1. Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)-The future technology In Wireless communication
By Jyoti Rani1, Prerna Chauhan2, Ritika Tripathi3

2. BENEFITS AND USE OF LIFI LIGHT SOURCESFOR TECHNICAL LIGHTING

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