Microsoft PowerPoint - 09 OEO300010 LTE Network Tuning ISSUE1

LTE Network Tuning
LTE Network Tuning
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the basic process of LTE network tuning Understand the different steps in the process of LTE network tuning Understand the coverage problem analysis and handover problem analysis during LTE network tuning
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission
LTE Network Tuning
Contents
1. Basic Process of LTE Network Tuning 2. Test Preparations for LTE Network Tuning 3. Data Collection for LTE Network Tuning 4. Coverage Problem Analysis 5. Handover Problem Analysis
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Basic Process of Network Optimization
Page3
LTE Network Tuning
The Basic Process of Network Tuning
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Contents
Page5
LTE Network Tuning
Test Preparations: Set Optimization Target

Coverage is the most import requirement of network tuning. The following is a example of coverage target:
Acceptance Content Reference Value 95% (urban area) RSRP 110 dBm 90% (suburb) Remarks
This is the result of a scanner test conducted without outdoor load in the planned coverage areas. The test routes are of grid structure, covering all cells.
SINR 5 dB
95%
This is the result of a UE test conducted without outdoor load in the planned coverage areas. The test routes are of grid structure, covering all cells.
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RSRP & SINR

RSRP (Reference signal received power):
RSRP is defined as the linear average over the power contributions of the resource elements that carry cell-specific reference signals within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth.
SINR (Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio) = S / (I + N)

Signal (S): power of effective signal Interference (I): power of interference Noise (N): Thermal noise of receiver
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LTE Network Tuning
Some Other KPI for Drive Test

For some network tuning projects, maybe some other KPIs more than coverage KPI are needed. The following are some examples:
LTE/SAE Attach success rate E-RAB setup success rate Call drop rate Intra-LTE handover success rate intra-LTE handover delay FTP download average throughput FTP upload average throughput
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Test Preparation: Partition of Cluster

Network tuning is performed in a group/cluster of eNodeBs, rather than for each single eNodeB separately. Some considerations for cluster division:
Terrain Traffic Route line
01 is a highway coverage area. 03 and 04 are dense urban areas. 02, 05, 06 and 07 are ordinary urban areas. 08 is a suburban area. Each cluster includes 18 to 22 eNodeB. 02 01 06 05 04 03 07 08
An example of cluster division

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LTE Network Tuning
Test Preparations: Determine Test Routes

Some considerations of test route plan:
Cover main streets and important places Cover all cells if possible Cover the borders of neighboring clusters
Test routes of a cluster of a project
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Test Preparations: Preparing Tools and Materials

Recommended software:
GENEX probe GENEX assistant Map info Google earth
Recommended hardware:
Frequency scanner GPS Test terminal Laptop
Materials:
Engineering parameters Mapinfo map Network configuration parameters
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LTE Network Tuning
Contents
Page12
Date collection
Before network tuning:
Collecting planned neighboring cell data and the data configured in eNodeB Checking the consistency between the current configured data and the planned data
Drive test result

The result of outdoor/indoor drive test should be saved for analysis
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LTE Network Tuning
Contents
Page14
Overview of Coverage Analysis

Coverage problem analysis is a key task of RF optimization, which focuses on signal distribution. The following are some typical coverage problems:
weak coverage
cross coverage
Lack of dominant cell
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LTE Network Tuning
Overview of Coverage Analysis (cont.)

Weak coverage means the RSRP of the reference signal in a coverage is smaller than a threshold (The typical threshold is 110dBm). Cross coverage generally means that the coverage area of an eNodeB goes beyond the planned scope, and generates discontinuous dominant areas in the coverage areas of other eNodeBs. Lack of dominant cell means a type of area where there is no dominant cell or the dominant cell is changed frequently.
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Factors Affecting Coverage

For downlink: Downlink Tx power
Path loss in downlink Carrier frequency Distance between UE receiver and eNodeB transmitter Propagation environment Antenna gain Height of antenna Tilt of antenna Azimuth of antenna
For uplink:
Uplink Tx power Path loss in uplink Carrier frequency Distance between UE transmitter and eNodeB receiver Propagation environment Gain of Rx diversity in eNodeB
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LTE Network Tuning
Solutions for Weak Coverage

Optimize coverage by adjusting the azimuth and tilt of the antenna, increasing the height of the antenna, and using an antenna with higher gain. The preferential measure is electrical tilt, followed by mechanical adjustment tilt, and then adjustment of azimuth.
Page18
Solutions for Weak Coverage (cont.)

For the non-overlapped parts of the coverage areas of two adjacent eNodeBs, if they have plenty of users or are large in size, a new eNodeB should be built or the coverage of adjacent eNodeBs should be enlarged, so as to deepen the overlaps of the coverage of the two eNodeBs. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to intra-frequency interference as a possible result of increase of coverage scope.
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LTE Network Tuning
Solutions for Weak Coverage (cont.)

For a weak coverage area caused by a hollow and back of a hill, the coverage scope can be extended with a new eNodeB or RRU. For a dead zone inside an elevator shaft, tunnel, underground garage or basement, and high building, the measures include use of RRU, indoor distribution systems, leakage cables, and directional antennas.
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Solutions for Cross Coverage

For cross coverage, try to prevent an antenna from transmitting signal right towards a road, or use the adjacent buildings to produce a blocking effect to decrease cross coverage. For a high eNodeB, changing its address is an effective method. Generally, however, it is always very difficult to find a suitable substitute for new site. So adjusting the pilot power or using an electrical tilt antenna to reduce the eNodeB coverage scope is a possible solution.
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LTE Network Tuning
Solutions for Lack of Dominant Cell

For an area without a dominant cell, a typical method is to strengthen the coverage of a cell with strong signal (or a short-distance cell) and weaken the coverage of other cells with weak signal (or long-distance cells) by adjusting the antenna tilt and azimuth.
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Coverage Analysis Process

Normally coverage analysis process includes downlink coverage analysis and uplink coverage analysis.
Downlink coverage analysis: RSRP
Uplink coverage analysis: UE Tx Power
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LTE Network Tuning
RSRP for Downlink Coverage Analysis

Downlink coverage analysis is to analyze the RSRP. The RSRP quality standard must be combined with the optimization standard. The following is a example of the optimization standard of RS RSRP:
RSRP >= 110 dBm >= 95% Result of test by using scanner, with the UE antenna placed outdoor.
The corresponding quality standards can be defined as:

Good: RSRP 90 dBm Fair: 110 dBm RSRP < 90 dBm Poor: RSRP < 110 dBm
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Basic Process of Downlink Coverage Analysis

RS Coverage Strength Analysis Check the RSRP distribution and find the weak coverage areas
Dominant Cell Analysis Check PCI (physical cell identifier) information and find the areas where the best PCI changes frequently
Page25
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LTE Network Tuning
An Example of RS Coverage Strength Analysis
Area with poor coverage
Page26
An Example of Dominant Cell Analysis
PCI of the best cell changes frequently because of lack of dominant cell
Page27
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LTE Network Tuning
UE Tx Power for Uplink Coverage Analysis

The main method of uplink coverage analysis is the analyze the distribution of UE transmission power. UE Transmission power can reflect the uplink path loss and uplink interference.
Page28
An Example of UE Tx Power Distribution
Areas where UE Tx power is high
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 1(Cross Coverage): Symptom

Over coverage by cell with PCI 288
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Case 1(Cross Coverage): Analysis

As shown in Figure, the most possible reason for this over coverage is either excessive height of the antenna or improper setting of the antenna tilt. In this case a check of the current engineering parameter settings shows that the tilt is too small. It is recommended to increase the tilt.
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 1(Cross Coverage): Adjustment

Adjust the tilt of cell with PCI 288 from 3 degree to 6 degree The result after adjustment
The problem of over coverage by cell with PCI 288 solved after adjustment.
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Case 2(Wrong Connection of Antenna): Symptom
The coverage of the three cells does not match the configuration.
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 2(Wrong Connection of Antenna): Analysis & Adjustment

In this case, the antenna connection for the three cells is wrong. The antenna for cell9 is connected to cell10. The antenna for cell10 is connected to cell11. The antenna for cell11 is connected to cell9.
The problem is solved after changing the antenna connection.
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Contents
Page35
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LTE Network Tuning
Main Handover Problems During Network Tuning

During network tuning two main problems can affect the handover:
Channel quality problem
Neighboring relation problem
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Channel Quality Problem

Under multi-user or loading test scenario, the interference is more serious; poor channel quality leads to signaling lost and handover failure. Channel quality can be divided into UL and DL for analysis.
Uplink channel problem
Uplink and downlink channel problems are related.
Downlink channel problem
Page37
19
LTE Network Tuning
Typical Parameters for Channel Quality

RSRP
RSRP is the basic requirement for downlink signal coverage.
SINR
SINR indicates the downlink channel quality.
IBLER
IBLER indicates the data block error ratio.
PDCCH DL/UL Grant

PDCCH DL/UL grant indicates the scheduling result which is affected by channel quality.
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Neighboring Relation Problem

During network tuning the basic problem of neighboring relation is missing neighboring cells.
Because of configuration mistakes maybe some neighboring cells are missed. It can result in call drop. ANR (automatic neighbor relation) can help to solve this problem, but some terminals dont support ANR. So ANR is not fully verified in commercial networks.
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20
LTE Network Tuning
Case 1(Missing Neighboring cells): Symptom

Measurement report has been sent to eNodeB but no handover command from eNodeB.
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Case 1(Missing Neighboring cells): Analysis

UE sent measurement report to eNodeB. But eNodeB didnt send handover command. Missing neighboring cell is a possible reason. To confirm that the problem is caused by missing neighboring cell:
At first, check measurement report to find which cell are reported. Next step is to check whether the reported cell is included in RRC connection reconfiguration (measurement control).
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 1(Missing Neighboring cells): Analysis (cont.): Measurement Report
In measurement report A3 event for cell with PCI 64 is reported.
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Case 1(Missing Neighboring cells): Analysis (cont.): Measurement Control
In RRC connection reconfiguration (measurement control) cell with PCI 64 is not in the neighboring cell list. So the problem is confirmed which is missing neighboring cell.
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 2(Interference): Symptom

During the test, the handover from cell with PCI 281 to cell with PCI 279 fails.
The handover failure area is covered by the cells with PCI 281, PCI 279 and PCI 178,
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Case 2(Interference): Analysis

In this case, the interference from the cell with PCI 178 is too strong. So the UE can not receive the handover command correctly, then handover failed.
Strong interference from the cell with PCI 178 causes handover failure.
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 2(Interference): Adjustment

In this case, to control the interference from the cell with PCI 178, we can increase the antenna tilt of the cell with PCI 178. Then in the handover area the signal strength from the cell with PCI 178 is reduced.
The adjustment reduces the signal strength of the cell with PCI 178, so the strong interference disappear and problem is solved.
Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page46
Case 3(Bad DL Channel Quality): Symptom

Handover fails and call drop happens. The following is the signaling trace result in eNodeB side.
eNodeB received measurement report. eNodeB sent handover command.
Uu signaling in eNodeB side

eNodeB sent handover request to the target eNodeB.
X2 signaling in eNodeB side
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 3(Bad DL Channel Quality): Symptom (cont.)

The signaling trace result in UE side.
UE sent measurement reports to eNodeB.
UE didnt receive handover command.
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Case 3(Bad DL Channel Quality): Analysis

The complete handover procedure through X2 interface:
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 3(Bad DL Channel Quality): Analysis (cont.)

What is the possible reason for handover failure?
Is it because of missing neighboring cell?
No. eNodeB sent RRC CONNECTION RECONFIGURATION(handover command) to the UE. It means the neighboring cell is configured, not missing.
From the signaling trace result we can see eNodeB sent handover command to the UE but UE didnt receive it. Is it because of bad channel quality?
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Check the RSRP in serving cell and target cell. The following is the result:
Target cell RSRP
Serving cell RSRP
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LTE Network Tuning

In this case the downlink channel quality in serving cell decreased too fast. So the handover procedure can not be completed in time. If the handover can be triggered earlier. Maybe the problem can be solved.
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Case 3(Bad DL Channel Quality): A3 Event for Intra-frequency Handover

A3 event is used to trigger intra-frequency handover. To trigger handover earlier, some parameters in A3 event can be modified. For A3 event:
Entering condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
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LTE Network Tuning
Case 3(Bad DL Channel Quality): Adjustment

Two parameters in A3 event can be modified to trigger handover earlier:
1. Modify the intra-frequency handover offset to 1dB
This method will affect handover between the serving cell and all the neighboring cells. So it is not good.
2. Modify the CIO (cell individual offset) between the serving cell and the target cell
Try this method and the problem is solved.
Page54
Thank you
www.huawei.com
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Microsoft PowerPoint - 09 OEO300010 LTE Network Tuning ISSUE1

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Microsoft PowerPoint - 09 OEO300010 LTE Network Tuning ISSUE1

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LTE Network Tuning

LTE Network Tuning

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic Process of Network Optimization

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

The Basic Process of Network Tuning

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Test Preparations: Set Optimization Target

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

RSRP & SINR

SINR (Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio) = S / (I + N)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Some Other KPI for Drive Test

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Test Preparation: Partition of Cluster

An example of cluster division

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Test Preparations: Determine Test Routes

Test routes of a cluster of a project

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Test Preparations: Preparing Tools and Materials

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Drive test result

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Overview of Coverage Analysis

Lack of dominant cell

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Overview of Coverage Analysis (cont.)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors Affecting Coverage

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Solutions for Weak Coverage

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solutions for Weak Coverage (cont.)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

LTE Network Tuning

Solutions for Weak Coverage (cont.)

Copyright 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solutions for Cross Coverage