www.environan.

com

ISOTHERM PWR
Flameless Pressurized Oxy-combustion Energy - with emissions close to zero Based on Trial Plant
Capacities.
Process 80,000 tonnes of waste per annum or 220 tonnes per day based on 24 hour production. (Please note that the plant may be further developed to increase capacity) Dispose of difficult materials 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Tyres Asbestos Polythene bags Rubber Plastic

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM PWR
Innovative Technology In cooperation with ENEA (Italian Gov.Agency for Alternative Power Technologies)
International Patent Applications N.
WO2004/094904 WO2005/108867 WO2008/080561 WO2009/071230 WO2009/071238 WO2009/071239 Application, filing in Italy 28/07/2009

Description
METHOD AND PLANT FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS IN PARTICULAR WASTE MATERIALS AND REFUSE HIGH-EFFICIENCY COMBUSTORS WITH RECUDED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND PROCESSES FOR POWER GENERATION DERIVABLE THE REFROM PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF COMBUSTION FUMES COMBUSTION PROCESS COMBUSTION PROCESS COMBUSTION PROCESS BOILER

5 MWth Demonstration Unit is in operation since 2004 at ANSALDO Combustion Research Centre 15 MWth waste-to-energy Industrial Unit onstream at Jurong (Singapore) since 2008

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM Innovative Fundamentals

FLAMELESS UNIFORM HIGH TEMPERATURE
Traditional flame combustion
chaotic non locally controllable

Flameless combustion
MILD, flameless, FLOX,volume comb. volume expanded - controllable

Cool Zone

Flame Front: Peak Temperatures

High UniformTemperature

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM Innovative Fundamentals

FLAMELESS UNIFORM HIGH TEMPERATURE

Pressurized Reactor

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM Innovative Fundamentals

BOTH HEAVY AND FLY ASH MELTING

Ashes quantitative melting and coalescence is unique to Isotherm process.

Quantitative Melting Liquid phase triggers Slag coalescence Molten slag drained at combustor bottom
Slagging process

Molten slag quenched in a water bath Vitreous, Granular Zero Residual Carbon Impervious to heavy metals migration Fully inert
5

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM Innovative Fundamentals

ISOTHERM Approach
To make the combustor resolve the majority of the emission problems
Uniform High Temperature Pressurized OXY-Combustion Flameless Quantitative ashes melting provide Complete oxidation (six-nine conversion) Ashes transformed into vitrified inert slag Flexible Fuel, Low ranking Fuels Clean fumes high yield heat recovery >93% 100% at high energy level Fumes postreatment: neutralization only Compact & simplified hardware Concentrated CO2 > 90% Higher CAPEX and complexity

vs

To maintain old fashion combustor and to match emergencies with a pletora of fumes post-treatment operation

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM PWR
Flameless Pressurized Oxy-combustion 5 MWth Pilot Unit - Aerial View
120 ft X 60 ft

Blower

Small Compact Simple (few unit operation) Fully automated Easy to operate
Boiler

Fumes Water Condensation

Fumes Neutralization

At Ansaldo CCA Test Rig Gioia del Colle (BA) Italy

Reactor

Feeding set
7

www.environan.com

ISOTHERM FLAMELESS PRESSURIZED OXY-COMBUSTION

is A TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM with UNIQUE INNOVATIVE FEATURES potentially of value to numerous different Industrial Applications

Industrial Development Projects In Cooperation with Industry Leaders To Materialize NEW Competitive Commercial Solutions In each Application Segment

www.environan.com

1 WASTE TO ENERGY

Industrial waste treatment applications

ISOTHERM PWR commercial unit is 15 MWth capacity
CAPEX 2,000 - 3,500 $/kW Oxygen production Unit included (VSA) Steam Turbine excluded EFFICIENCY 28% Net Electrical Efficiency with standard Steam Turbine (40 bar, 400C superheated steam) ENERGY RECOVERY >93% heat recovery 100% at high energy level All data depending on waste

www.environan.com

WASTE TO ENERGY

Industrial waste treatment

Petrochemical waste from plastic material production Incoming characterization (kg/hr) 2,000
(Xilene, hydroc. C12, Phenol, methil stirene+xilene, ketone or similar wastes)

Wastes caloric value * kJ/kg 37,509 Oxygen consumption (kg/hr) 5,240 Steam production (t/hr) t/hr 19,810 400C - 40 bar Power consumption kW 1,800
* Minimum caloric value LHV 6,300 kJ/kg (1,500 kCal/kg)

10

www.environan.com

WASTE TO ENERGY

Industrial waste treatment

Flue Gas Emissions
Noxious Gas: CO NOx SOx TOC HCl PAH Particulate (total) PM 2.5 EU 2000/76 50 mg/m3, peak value 200 200 mg/m 3, peak value 400 50 mg/m 3, peak value 200 10 mg/m 3, peak value 20 10 mg/m 3, peak value 60 0.1 mg/m3 10 mg/m3, peak value 30 Not yet regulated (Industrial avg. 1,000 5,000) 0.1 ng/m3 0.5 mg/m3 Not yet regulated 8 Isotherm PWR < 1 mg/m 3 < 100 mg/m 3 < 30 mg/m 3 < 0.05 mg/m3 < 0.1 mg/m3 < 0.0001 mg/m3 < 1 mg/m 3 < 10 mg/m3 < 0.0001 ng/m3 < 0.1 mg/m 3 Zero > 85 Vitrified slag SiO2 P2O5 Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 Cr2O3 K2O TiO2 ZnO NiO MnO 22.2 % 15.6 17.7 10.8 7.7 7.8 3.0 1.8 0.3 3.9 0.3

Dioxin, Furans Heavy metals SOOT CO2 %v (in flue gas)

11

www.environan.com

WASTE TO ENERGY

Industrial waste treatment

Flameless process outperforms competitors specifically for: Industrial waste treatment Petrochemical High org. Nitrogen, High tox Sludge of industrial waste water Ultra low LHV, Heavy Metals Refinery High Vanadium Pharmaceutical Ultra low LHV, Sodium Chloride, Fluoride
ANY PHYSICAL FORM

GAS LIQUID GRANULAR SOLID As heavily contaminated as Cl, PCBs, Heavy Metals

12

www.environan.com

WASTE TO ENERGY

Industrial waste treatment

Plant 15 MWth - Jurong, Singapore

13

www.environan.com

2 ENERGY FROM RENEWABLES

ISOTHERM PWR commercial unit is 15 MWth capacity
CAPEX 1,800 2,800 $/kW Oxygen production Unit included (VSA) Steam Turbine excluded EFFICIENCY 28% Net Electrical Efficiency

Energy from BIOMASS application

ENERGY RECOVERY >93% heat recovery 100% at high energy level

14

www.environan.com

ENERGY FROM RENEWABLES

Energy from BIOMASS continued

Incoming characterization (kg/hr) Biomass dry 4,350 Biomass moisture 1,800 LHV (dry) KJ/Kg 18,000 Oxygen consumption (Kg/hr) 5,960 Power production MWhr/y 40,560 Net green power production MWhr/y 35,200 Power consumption MWhr/y 5,360

15

www.environan.com

ENERGY FROM RENEWABLES

Energy from BIOMASS - EMISSIONS

BIOMASS CHARACTERISTICS
Biomass composition Humidity LHV C Total Azot Total Phosphor P 2O 5 K 2O Ca Mg Na Fe Mn Cu Zn Cd, Co, Pb, Cr, Hg Ashes 60 1,500 60.45 0.96 0.56 0.35 2.06 0.40 0.05 0.10 1,030 13 138 22 <1 5.50 % kcal/kg % % % % % % % % mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg % Vitrified slag INERT ZERO LEACHING SiO2 P2O5 Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 Cr2O3 K2O TiO2 ZnO 32.2 % 25.6 12.7 10.8 7.7 7.8 3.1 1.8 0.3 0.1

High Temperature Noxious gas Pressurized Oxy-Combustion Complete Oxidation No smoke plume at gas stack TOC (TOTAL

AIR EMISSIONS ISOTHERM performance Environment Unique Text, L.152/2006 (Italian legislation by EU directives) 30 mg/Nm3 30 mg/Nm3 250 mg/Nm3 400 mg/Nm3 200 mg/Nm3

ORGANIC CARBON) Total Particulate

1.0 mg/m3 3.6 mg/m3 10 mg/m3 100 mg/m3 50 mg/m3

ISOTHERM PWR TREATMENT

CO NO2 SO2

O2

APPLICATION OF ISOTHERM PWR TECHNOLOGY FOR BIOMASS

NiO

16

www.environan.com

3 ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

Energy from Coal CCS applications

High yield, > 35.5% overall from coal to power production (including oxygen production unit and CO2 ready for sequestration)
Flameless Combustion High Temperature Pressurized Oxy-Combustion Complete Oxidation Molten Slag High energy recovery: heat recovery; USC BOILER 240 bar, 605C a 5 MWth Unit in operation stage a 48 MWth unit detailed engineering phase stage a 320 Mwel - Feasibility study stage

17

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

ZERO EMISSION COAL CCS Technology Competition

Figures scaled up for 1,000 MWe unit
FIGURES ENDORSED BY MIT/NETL-DOE Yield el. Post-combustion Capture (amine scrubbing) 33.5% [2] 2,867 $/kW [2] Atmospheric Oxy-combustion 31.5% - 31.5% [1] * 3,600 $/Kw ** Flameless Pressurized Oxy-Combustion 35.5% - 34.9% [1] * < 2,300 $/kW ** IGCC 34% * 4,500 $/kW [3]

CAPEX Standby to full-load time Low rank coal or lignite

up to 6 hours

up to 6 hours

30 minutes Applicable 55%[4]

N/A

N/A

N/A

* Including energy for cryogenic Oxygen and CO2 compression * * Including ASU separation unit and CO2 compression up to 60 barg Ref. 1: MIT J. Hong et al. - Analysis of oxy-fuel combustion power cycle utilizing a pressurized coal Combustor Energy 34 (2009) 13321340 Ref. 2: DOE, NETL Pulverized Coal Oxy Combustion Power Plant - (2007) Ref.3: DOE, NETL Futuregen Project : IGCC 150 MWe demonstration unit CAPEX 1.6 B$ Ref. 4 Coal price-equalized equivalent yield
18

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

Where do these figures come from?

Higher gas density improves heat transfer coefficients in HRSG; Reduced vessel volumes decrease CapEx and land requirement; Reduced work in order to CO2 compression and storage; Increased optical thickness of flue gas means less heat exchange surface requirement in HRSG

AND SIMPLE PROCESS, EASY TO RUN

19

www.environan.com

An Isotherm Application Case Study

Coal Fired Power Production

TODAY TECHNOLOGY STANDARD USC BOILER 2 x 650 MWe unit

Pulverization

Combustor
radiant

Boiler

Fabric Filter

Wet el-st Filter

DESOx

DENOx

Heavy ashes
Rankin Cycle

Fly ashes

Sludge

45%

55%
Fumes Post-treatment accounts already 55% of Capex and of operational complexity
20

www.environan.com

Perspective: NEAR ZERO EMISSION

STANDARD USC BOILER 2 x 650 MWe unit AND CO2 CAPTURE WITH MEA
Pulverization CO2 compr.

Combustor
radiant

Boiler

Fabric Filter

Wet el-st Filter

DESOx

DENOx

Fumes super Purification

MEA
MEA (to incineration)

Heavy ashes
Rankin Cycle

Fly ashes

Sludge

45%

55%

+35%

Further addition to FUMES POST-TREATMENT from 55 to 65% of CAPEX from 44% down to 33% overall yield much longer train / complexity
21

www.environan.com

Perspective: NEAR ZERO EMISSION

ATMOSPHERIC OXY-COMBUSTION

ASU

Pulverization

Combustor
radiant

Boiler

Fabric Filter

Wet el-st Filter

DESOx

DENOx

CO2 Compression & fractioning

Heavy ashes
Rankin Cycle

Fly ashes

Sludge

Cryogenic Oxygen Huge CAPEX and complexity

Longer train in Post-treatment Question mark on CO2 Title > possible cryo-fractioning

OVERALL + 50% CAPEX

22

www.environan.com

Perspective: NEAR ZERO EMISSION

COMPETITOR APPROACH
to retain traditional combustion flame technology to add more post-treatment (& pretreatment) operations, to comply with new emergencies

APPROACH TO NEAR ZERO

all the way around, to go back to combustion to eliminate the formation (of) to innovate the more promising concept, i.e. flameless combustion, to make it industrial

Much simpler core process, to at least partially compensate inevitable additions

23

Flameless Pressurized Oxy-Combustion

www.environan.com

Perspective: NEAR ZERO EMISSION

ISOTHERM PWR FLAMELESS PRESSURIZED OXY-COMBUSTION
with the same block philosophy of comparative schemes

ASU

Combustor

Boiler

DESOx

CO2 Compression

Vitrified slag
Rankin Cycle

Sludge

Condensed water

< 75% CAPEX vs COMPETITOR 36% overall yield SIMPLE FLEXIBLE FUEL VELOX (10% to 100%) EASY TO RUN Block diagram visual assessment sometimes fools competitive analysis
24

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

furthermore Isotherm PWR can contribute via industrial development:

It is possible to move coal logistics to tank&pipe, and to directly feed the coal-water slurry to the combustor; Slugging technology means flue gas almost with zero-ashes; Slugging technology allows to take advantage in burning low rank coal with high ash content, and low Temperature melting ash; Slugging technology allows to take advantage in burning low rank coal with low ash melting temperature; Isotherm PWR means high turndown: from 10% up to full load at constant combustor performance; High USC boiler rangeability from 10% to 100% at constant temperature profile control; Isotherm PWR means high responsiveness on rapid variations of the load even if compared with modern CCGT; Ease of further improvements such as turbo-expander

25

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER Energy from Coal Airborn Emission

NO FLUE GAS !!! NO STACK !!! EFFLUENTS ARE READY FOR SUBSOIL INJECTION AND STORAGE !!!

Chemical analysis of the effluents CO NOx SOx TOC HCl PAH Dust (total) PM 2.5 Dioxin, Furans Heavy metals SOOT CO2 v (in flue gas)

Isotherm PWR < 1 mg/m3 < 100 mg/m3 < 30 mg/m3 < 0.05 mg/m3 < 0.1 mg/m3 < 0.0001 mg/m3 < 1 mg/m3 < 10 g/m3 < 0.0001 mg/m3 < 0.1 mg/m3 Zero > 93

26

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

Energy from Coal - The Demo Unit Projection of the Mass balance for a 320 MW coal power generation Unit
Coal flow rate 130,000 kg/hr Oxygen consumption 267,000 kg/hr Net Energy production 2,560,000 MWh/y Vitrified slag flow rate up to 28,000 kg/hr

27

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

Energy from Coal 2015 TARGET: 320 MWe COAL FIRED ZEP DEMO

28

www.environan.com

ZERO EMISSION COAL FIRED POWER

Energy from Coal ISOTHERM PECULIAR ADVANTAGES

Process Core
Flexible Fuel Capability (i.e. broad spectrum of low ranking fuels) Reduced fuel pre-treatment (grinding only) capital and operating cost Global efficiency, CO2 capture included, at least comparable with more popular ZEP technology candidates Lower Capex (<75% vs competitor) core unit compactness for retrofit No ashes residues No air inlet (no CO2 dilution)

a a a a a a a a

Energy Cycle
Simplified coal logistic (water slurry) 80 times less volume, 10 times less heat turnaround losses 100% heat recovered at high energy value (605 C, 240 bar, USC steam) High combustor rangeability (from 10 to 100%) High boiler rangeability (10 to 100%) Promptness in fulfilling rapidly varying power load demand; Ease for further yield improvement (turbo expander) Ease for synergism with advanced (ceramic membrane) Oxygen separation process

29

www.environan.com

4 OIL HEAVIES

OPPORTUNITY AT HAND FOR ISOTHERM

ENERGY FROM ASPHALT/CRUDE HEAVIES ENERGY FROM PET-COKE CO2 FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

30

www.environan.com

CONTACT POINTS

ENVIRONAN HEAD OFFICE

98 Walmley Ash Road, Walmley, Sutton Coldfield, B76 1JB Phil Longstaff Tel: 07506 289644 E-mail: phil.longstaff@environan.com Lee Cole Tel: 07929 266975 E-mail: lee.cole@environan.com www.environan.com

31