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Development studies is a multidisciplinary branch of social science which addresses issues of concern to developing countries. It has historically placed a particular focus on issues related to social and economic development, and its relevance may therefore extend to communities and regions outside of the developing world. Development studies is offered as a specialised Master's degree in a number of universities, and, less commonly, as an undergraduate degree. It has grown in popularity as a subject of study since the early 1 !s, and has been most widely taught and researched in the third world and in countries with a colonial history, such as the "#, where development studies originated.$1% &tudents of development studies often choose careers in international organisations such as the "nited 'ations or the (orld )an*, non+governmental organisations, private sector development consultancy firms, and research centres. Disciplines of development studies Development studies is a broad field united primarily by thematic concentration. It encompasses and involves a variety of disciplines, including,

-rea &tudies Demography Development theory Development economics Development anthropology Development geography Development management .conomic history &ociology /hilosophy and .thics /olitical history /olitics International relations (omen's studies Demographics Migration studies .cology /edagogy

0istory 1he emergence of development studies as an academic discipline in the second half of the twentieth century is in large part due to increasing concern about economic prospects for the third world after decolonisation. In the immediate post+war period, development economics, a branch of economics, arose out of previous studies in colonial economics. )y the 1 2!s, an increasing number of

development economists felt that economics alone could not fully address issues such as political effectiveness and educational provision.$3% Development studies arose as a result of this, initially aiming to integrate ideas of politics and economics. &ince then, it has become an increasingly inter+ and multi+ disciplinary subject, encompassing a variety of social scientific fields. 1he era of modern development is commonly deemed to have commenced with the inauguration speech of 0arry &. 1ruman in 1 4 . In /oint 5our of his speech, with reference to 6atin -merica and other poor nations, he said that 7for the first time in history, humanity possess$ed% the *nowledge and s*ill to relieve the suffering of these people.7. $8% )ut development studies has since also ta*en an interest in lessons of past development experiences of (estern countries. Development criticism Despite the orthodox view of Development as relating to the process of increasing the relative and absolute wealth of 6D9s, usually through notions of increased output of either industrial or agricultural goods, many academics, e.g. :ilbert ;ist and &tefan -ndreasson, dispute that Development has any eaning within this context. 1hey contend that Development of 6D9s to the wealth levels of the richer <.9D nations, using extractive production and trading processes similar to those of <.9D nations, is untenable because of the ecological and environmental damage which would ensue. $4% 1he argument for a completely new paradigm of Development has validity for many observers and academics. 'oted academics

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Development ?ournals

Development Development and 9hange Development in /ractice Development /olicy ;eview .uropean ?ournal of Development ;esearch ID& )ulletin ?ournal of Development &tudies ?ournal of 0uman Development ?ournal of International Development <xford Development &tudies /rogress in Development &tudies /opulation and Development ;eview /ublic -dministration and Development 1hird (orld Buarterly (orld Development