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4. Linear Programming
Convex test: If P, Q X PQ X then the plane X is called convex set (or) If the line segment joining any two points of a plane entirely lies in the same plane, then the plane is called convex Set. Ex:

are convex sets.

are not the convex sets. The function f = ax+by, which is to be maximised or minimised is called an objective function or Profit function. The line which are obtained from an Objective function with the Point from Fesible region is called Iso- Profit line. Iso-Profit lines are parallel to each othrr. Every point in the feasible region is called feasible solution. Every point which makes an objective function either maximum or minimised is called optimum solution. If the iso-profit line moves away form the origin then the profit will be increased and it is moves close to the origin then the profit will be decreased

2 Marks Questions State the polygonal regin represented by x 1, x 3, y 1, y 3 A : i) x 1 boundary line x = 1 which is parallel to y-axis ii) x 3 boundary line is x=3 which is parallel to y-axis iii) y 1 boundary line is y =1 which is parallel to x-axis iv) y 3 boundary line is y=3 which is parallel to x-axis 1.

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Here the four shaded region is the solution set for the given equations.

A : i) x 0 boundary line is x = 0 which represents y-axis ii) y 0 boundary line is y = 0 which represents x-axis iii) x + y 1 boundary line is x+y = 1 x+ y=1 put x = 0, y = 1 (0, 1) put y = 0, x = 1 (1, 0) { (0,1) (1,0)} (0, 0):- x + y 1 0+01 0 1 (True) Shaded region should be towards the origin

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2.

State the polygonal region represented by x 0, y 0, x+y 1

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Here triple shaded region is the solution set for the given inequation 1 Marks Questions 1. Define "Objective function?" A : A function which is to be maximised or minimised in L.P.P is called an objective function (or) Profit function. Note: The solution of Linear inequation is either closed convex polygon or open convex polygon. 2. Define "Iso-profit line" A : The system of Parallel lines obtained form the objective function are called Isoprofit lines. Iso profit lines are Parallel to each other. 3. Define " Feasible regin" A : The region formed by the constrains of L.P.P in the form of Closed or Open Convex set iscalled "Feasible region". 4. State "Fundamental Theorem? A : Maximum (or) Minimum Value of an Objective Function in L.P.P gets atleast one of the Vertices of the Polygon. 5. Define "Convex Set" and give two examples. A : The line Segment joining any two points in a plane entirly lies in the same plane. then the plane is called as " Convex Set ". (or) 6. A. X is a Plane, P X, Q X PQ X then " X" is Called as "Convex Set". Define L.P.P. (Linear programming problem)? The problem which consists of an objective function (or) profit function and the constraints that are in the form of linear inequation is called "Linear Programming Problem" (L.P.P.) 5 Marks Questions 1. Minimise f= 3x+2y subject to x+y 1, x y, 0 x 1, y 0 Sol. x+y 1, xy, 0 x 1, y 0 i.e x+y 1, xy, x0, x 1, y 0 Here x 0, y 0 represent Q1 i) x+y 1 x+y = 1 put x = 0, y = 1 (0,1) put y=0, x=1 (1,0) { (0,1) (1,0)} (0,0) 0+0 1 0 1(True) Shaded region should be towards origin ii) x y x = y put x = 0 y = 0 (0,0) put x = 0 y = 10 (10,0) {(0,0) (10,10)}
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x y satisfies Q4 (+,-) shaded region should be towards Q4 iii) x 1 boundery line x=1 which is parallel to y axis vertices of the polygon are (1,0), (1,1), (1/2, 1/2) objective function f = 3x+2 3(1) + 2(0) = 3+0 = 3 A+ (1,0) f = 3(1) + 2(0) = 3+0 = 3 A+ (1,1,) f = 3(1) 2(1) 3+2 = 5 A+ (1/2, 1/2) f = (1/2) +2(1/2) = 3/2 +1 = 5/2 = 2.5 minimum value is 2.5 at (1/2, 1/2)

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(0, 0): 0 + 0 6 0 6 (F) Shaded region is one the other side of the origin iii) 2x + y 8, boundary line is 2x + y = 8

2.

Minimise f = xy subject to con ditions x+y f = x+y; x + y 6; 2x+y 8; x 0 and y 0 i) x 0; y 0 represents 1st Quadrant ii) x + y 6; boundary line is x+y = 6 put x = 0 0 + y = 6 y = 6 (0, 6) put y = 0 x + 0 = 6 x = 6 (6, 0) = {(0, 6); (6, 0)}

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2. A:

Maximise f = x+y subject to the constraints x+y 6, 2x+y 8, x 0 and y 0 x 0, y 0 represents Q1 i) x+y 6 boundary line is x+y = 6 put x= 0 y= 6, (0,6) put y=0 x=6, (6,0) (0,0) : {(0,6), (6,0)} (0,0) : 0+0 6 0 6 False The shaded region should be other side of origin ii) 2x+y 8, boundary line is 2x + y = 8 put x= 0, y = 8 (0, 8) put y = 0 2x = 8 x = 4 (4, 0) {(0, 8); (4, 0)}

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(0, 0): 2(0) + 0 8 0 8 False The shaded region Should be other side of Origen. The Vertices of convex polygon are (6,0); (2, 4); (0,8) f= x+y at (6, 0); f = 6+ 0 = 6 at (2, 4); f = 2 + 4 = 6 at (0,8); f = 0+8 = 8 The Minium value for f is 6 and it occurs at (6,0) and (2, 4).

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3.

Certain manufacturer has 75 kg of cashew and 120kg of groundnuts. These are to be mixed is 1kg packages as follows: A low grade mixture 250 gms of cashew and 500 grms of peanuts. If the profit on the low grade mixture is Rs. per package and that of high grade mixture is Rs.3 per package and that of high grade mixture is Rs. 3 per package. Howmany package of each mixture be made for a maximum profit? Product Cashew Ground nut Low grade (x) 250gm = 1/4 kg 750gm = 3/4 kg High grade (y) 500 gm =1/2 kg 500 gm = 1/2kg

A.

x + 2y 75 4

x+2 y 300 -------- (I) x+ 2y= 300 put x=0, 2y= 300 y= 150 (0,150) put y=0, x= 300 (300, 0) {(0,150) (300,0)} (0,0) : 0+2(0) 300 0 300 (T) Shaded region should be towards the origin profit on lowgrade packet "x" Rs, High grade profit "y" Rs, Objective Function f= 2x+3y Vertices of the polygon are(0,0)(100,0)(0,0)(0,150) at (0,0) ; f = 2 (0) + 3 (0) =0 at (100,0) ; f = 2 (100) + 3 (0) = 200 at (90, 105) ; f = 2 (90) + 3 (105) = 495 Rs. 3/4 x+ 1/2 y 120
3x + 2y 120 4

3x+2 y 480 ------- (II) 3x+2y = 480 put x = 0 2y = 480 y = 240 (0,240) put y = 0 3x+ 2(0) = 480

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1/4 x+1/2 y 75

Let the No. of low grade packets be x i.e. x 0 high grade packets be y i.e. y 0 cashew = 75 kgs, ground nut =120 kgs

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3x = 480 x = 160 (160,0) {(0,240) (160,0)} (0, 0): 3(0) + 2(0) 480 0 480 (True) Shaded region should be towards the origin packets and 105 high grade packets. At (0,150), f = 2(0) + 3(150) = 450 Maximum Profit is 495. by Selling making go lowgrade Packets and 105 high grade Packets.

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5.

Maximise f = 5x +7y, subject to condition 2x+3y 12, 3x+y 12, x 0 and y 0.

Sol: x 0, y 0 represents Q1 (i) 2x+3y 12 2x+3y= 12 put x = 0, 3y= 12 y= 4, (0,4) put y = 0, 2x = 12 x= 6 (6,0) {(0,4), (6,0)} (0,0): 2x+3y 12 2 (0) + 3(0) 12 0 12 (True) Shaded region showed be towards the rigion (ii) 3x+y 12 3x+y= 12 put x= 0 y= 12 ; (0,12) put y=0 3x = 12 x = 4 ; (4,0) {(0,12), (4,0)} (0,0) : 3x+y 12 3 (0) + 0 12 0 12 (True) Shaded region showed be towards the rigion

24 12 24 24 120 84 204 , 5 + 7 = At + 7 = 7 7 f= 7 7 7 7

Hence maximum value is

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24 12 204 at 7 , 7 7

Vertices of the polygon are (0,0) (4,0), (0,4) (24/7, 12/7) objective function f=5x+7y At (0,0), f = 5(0)+ 7(0) = 0 At (4,0) f = 5(4) + 7(0) = 20+0 = 20 At (0,4) f = 5(0) + 7(4) = 0+28 = 28

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Multiple Choice Questions 1. The point which satisfies 3x4y+12 > 0 is a) (4,1) b) (0,4) The point belongs to 2x3y>0 is a) (3,2) b) (2,3) If f= 20x+ 25y. then minimising point of f is a) (100, 0) b) (0,100) The point which satisfies x+2y 4 is a) (2,1) b) (3,1) F= 2x+3y is maximum at a) (5,6) b) (6,5) If x>0 , y<0, then (x, 4) belongs to b) Q2 a) Q1 ( d) (0,5) ( d) (3,2) ( d) (50,60) ( d) (3,4) )

c) (1,4)

2.

c) 3,2)

3.

c) (10, 20)

c) (3,2)

5.

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c) (2,6) c) Q3 c) (0,6) 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 c) x+y < 3 c) Q3

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d) (2,3) ( d) Q4 ( d) (2,3) ( d) x+y>3 ( d) Q4

4.

8.

In the adjacent figure, the graph represents to

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b) x+y 3

7.

The point which doesn't belongs to xy+2 0 is a) (2,3) b) (3,5)

6.

9.

10. If x< 0, y> 0 then (x, y) belongs to b) Q2 a) Q1

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a) x+y= 3

Which of the following inequations represents the region containing the points (1,2) and (2,1) is ( ) a) x+y < 2 b) x+y > 5 c) 2x+y< 6 d) x+y>7 )

11. The point which makes the given objective functions either minimum or maximum is ----( ) a) Feasible solution b) Optimum solution c) Ideal solution d) None of these

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12. Iso-profit lines are ----------- to eath other a) perpendicular b) parallel

c) interesting

d) None )

13. The function which is to be minimised (or) maximised is called ----------- ( a) Objective function b) On to function c) Constant function d) Real function 14. x = k is parallel to ----------- axis a) x- axis b) y- axis c) neither x, nor y d) None 15. If x>0, y<0 then (x,y) lies in ----------- quadrant b) Q2 c) Q3 a) Q1 Answers 1) a 8) a 15) b 2) d 9) c 3) c 10) b 4) a 11) b (

( d) Q4

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5) a 12) b 6) d 13) a

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

If x > 0, y> 0 and (x,y) lies in ................. quadrant The line y= mn passes through .................. At (2,3) p = 4x+7y value is ............... Iso- profit lines are ................... to each other

7. 8. 9.

Everey point in the feasible region is called ..................

If iso-profit line coinsides with any one of the boundary line of convex polygon then the L.P.P. has .............. solution The point (7,6) lies on ............... axis An optimum solution makes the objective formation either ................... or .......................... If x=0, y0 (x,y) is a point on .............. axis Answers

1) II 6) infinite

A
2) origin 7) x-

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Fill In the blanks 3) 29 4) parabala 5) feasible solution 8) maximise or minimise 9) y

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7) a 14) b