VHFUHF FM TRANSMITTER 50-400Mhz

BY WANI SAGEER
The above circuit is a simple VHF FM transmitter. The circuit is basically a VHF colipits
oscillator capable of transmitting sound or music to any standard FM receiver. The
circuit works on a small 9V battery which makes it easily portable. t also has a
capacitor microphone which picks up very weak sound signals. The output frequency
can be easily changed by varying the potential meter and the frequency stability is
quiet good. The range of this transmitter is 60 to 100meters.
Features:
Electrically Adjustable frequency between 88 and 108MHZ.
Portable and low power consumption.
Use with any FM receiver.
Powered by 9 Volt battery.
How It Works:
The transmitter uses the frequency modulation technique. So it evident that in Frequency Modulation,
Description:
the amplitude of RF carrier stays constant while as frequency varies according to the intensity of the
audio signal. As the input amplitude of signal increases (i.e. during the positive half cycles) the
frequency of the carrier increases too, on the other hand when the input signal decreases in
amplitude(negative half-cycle or no signal) the carrier frequency decreases accordingly. When we
speak something through our mouth the sound waves, which are pressure waves, hits the diaphragm
of the capacitor microphone which are converted into electrical signal. This electrical signal is fed to
the transistor's base which changes the output frequency of the transmitter.
The output frequency of the transmitter is adjustable from 88 to 108 MHz under commercial FM
band.
R5
R6
R1
R2
R3
R4
T1
2 C 3 C
1 C
3K3
C8 C9
C10
L2
C4
+9V
C5
C7
C6
C11
L1
Rfc
VR1
Z1
ANT
VC1
L3
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M1
Circuit Description
The heart of the circuit is a (VHF/UHF) oscillator transistor C1730 operates under class A .
Resistors R2, R3 and R4 provides the necessary bias to the transistor for proper operation.
Resistor R1 provides bias to the FET based capacitor microphone. Capacitor C1 is a coupling
capacitor which couples the audio signal to the base of the transistor through L1.
L1 is an Rfc choke which chokes all high frequencies entering to the microphone. Capacitor C2 is
a decoupling capacitor to high frequencies appearing at microphone. Capacitor C3 is RF ground to
the transistor. The values of the tank elements (L2,C4,C5 & C6) depend upon the chosen
fundamental frequency.

L=L2

CT=C4C5 /(C4+C5) II C6
Since C6 is chosen to limit the upper frequency which is a parallel component to C4 & C5.
Therefore for higher frequency use it is recommended to decrease the value of L2. n
the above circuit changing the value of C6 will also change the output frequency. nductor
L2 is an RF oscillator coil which is chosen to tune somewhere between 88 & 108MHZ band.
Capacitor C8 and C9 is RF decoupling capacitor which prevents all Radio frequency entering
to power lines. Rfc L3 chokes out Radio frequencies. Capacitor C7 is a tuning capacitor. C10
is a coupling capacitor between Transmitter & antenna. VR-1 controls the voltage of varicap
diode through RF isolating resistor R5. Resistor R6 and Zener diode Z1 is a 5V shunt voltage
regulator, which regulates 5.1V to varicap diode so as to minimize the frequency drift which
may cause due to low or high input voltage. Capacitor C11 is used across Z1 to ensure a
better RF isolation. Any type of 20 to 25cm telescopic antenna can be used. The range of this
transmitter is 60 to 100mts.
Note..This is a VHF/RF project so more care is needed during soldering and Placement of all
components. So keep all the leads/components as shortest as possible to minimize stray
capacitance and inductance. The transmitter can be modified to any frequency between 50 &
400Mhz by replacing L2 & C6. t is strongly recommended to use a proper aluminum shielding
above 150 MHZ to minimize the stray capacitances and inductance.

2nf * =1/ LCT
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Parts list:
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R1= 10K
R2= 15K
R3= 3.3K
R4= 470 ohms
R5= 100K
R6= 4.7K
VR 1= 10K Pot meter

VALUE CAPACITOR CODE
C1= 0.1uF---------------------104
C2= 0.001uf-------------------102
C3= 0.0015uF----------------152
C4= 10pf-----------------------10
C5= 3pf ------------------------3
C6= 2.5pf----------------------2.5
C7= 10pf-----------------------10
C8= 0.01uF-------------------103
C9= 0.022uF-----------------223
C10= 1pf----------------------1
C11= 0.001uf-----------------102
Inductor
L1 & L3= 4.7uH Rfc coIor code= yellow, violet & silver as tolerance
L2= 5.5 turns close wound, SWG 23,internal dia of coil=5mm.
M1= CONDENSER MCROPHONE
T1= S9018 or 2SC1730 or 2SC1906 or any similar type having fT of 1.1Ghz
Z1= 5.1V,500mWzener diode
VC1= varicap diode BB109 or simiIar
RF Oscillator Coil
In this photo I have not use the Varicap diode circuit
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