Vidyamandir Classes

VMC/Differential Equation 18 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics

Solutions to Home Practice Test/Mathematics
1.
2
2 2
2
1
dy dy y y
x y x y
dx dx x
x
= + + = + +
Put y mx =
dy dm
x m
dx dx
= +

2
1
dm
x m m m
dx
+ = + + or
2
1
dm
x m
dx
= + or
2
1
dm dx
x
m
=
+
.
Integrate both sides to get :
2
1 log m m log x c + + = + or
2
1 + + =
c
m m e x
or
2 2
c
y x y
e x
x x
+
+ = or
2 2 2
y y x kx + + =
2. According to the question
dy
. y x
dx
= or ydy xdx =
Integrate both sides to get :
2 2
2 2
y x
c = +
As Curve passes through (5, 3)
9 25
2 2
c = + or 8 c =
Equation of curve is
2 2
16 x y =
3.
, )
, )
2
2 1
2
1 1
x x
dy x
y .
dx x x x

= +

Integrating factor
, )
2
1
x
dx
x x
e

=
}
Now
, )
, )
2
2 2 2
1 3
2 1
2 1 3
2 2
1 2 2
1 1
2 2
x
x dx
dx dx log x x
x x
x x
x

= =

| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
} } }
2 2
1 3 1 1 1 3 1
1
2 2 2 2
2
2
x x
log x x log log x x log
x x

= =

, )
3 2 2
2
1 1 1
x x
log x x log
x x x
= =

Integrating factor
2
1
x
x
=

5.
2
1
| |
|
=
|
\ .
x
e y dx
dy x x

2 x
dy y e
dx x x

= +
I.F. =
1
2
dx
x x
e e

=
}
General solution is
2
2
x
x
e
y . e dx
x

=
}
Put
1
2 2
x t dx dt = =
So,
2 2 2 2
2
x t t x
ye e dt e dt e C

= = = +
}

2
1
x
y C . e =
6. In the equation , )
2
0
dy dy
x y x y
dx dx
| |
+ =
|
\ .
, put
dy
p
dx
= to get
, )
2
0 xp y x p y + =
, ) , ) , ) , )
2
4
2
x y y x x y
p
x

=
Differential Equation HWT - 1
Vidyamandir Classes
VMC/Differential Equation 19 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics
, ) , )
1
2
x y x y
x
+
= = or
y
x

1
dy
dx
= or
y
x

When 1
dy
dx
= , we have
1
y x c = +
When
dy y
dx x

= , we have
2
xy c =
As curves pass through (2, 3) we have y = x + 1 and xy = 6
For another point of intersection we have
, ) 1 6 x x + = or
2
6 0 x x + = or , ) , ) 3 2 0 x x + = or 3 2 x , =
The other point of intersection is , ) 3 2 ,
7.(C)
2
1 1 dy
tan x sec x
dx y
y
= . Substitute
1
v
y
=
1 dy dv
y dx dx

dv
tan x.v sec x
dx
+ = [L.D.E] , ) sec x y c tan x = +
8.
, ) , )
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 1 3 1 1
dy
x y x y x y
dx
2
= + + + = + +

, )
2
2
3 1
1
= + +
+
} }
dy
x dx c
y
or , )
1 3
tan y x x c

= + +
As , ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 y , c c = = + + =
, )
1 3
tan y x x

= + or
, )
3
3
3
1
tan x tan x
y tan x x
tan x . tan x
+
= + =

9.
2
3 5 3 5 3 5
2
3 5 9 25
x x x x x x
dy d y
y Ae Be Ae Be Ae Be
dx
dx
= + = + = +

2
2
8 15 0
d y dy
y
dx
dx
+ =
10.
1 1
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 1 1 1
cos x cos x
dy e dy e
y . y
dx dx
x x x x

+ = = +

Now, Integrating factor (I.F.) =
1 2
1
1

=
}
dx
cos x x
e e
2.(A) , )
2
1
xdy ydx
xy log x dx
y

= + , ) 1
x
d xy log x dx
y
| |
= +
|
\ .
, )
2
1
by parts
x x
d x log x dx
y y
| |
= +
|
\ .
} }

2 3
2
2 2
3 3
x x
log x c
y
| |
= + +
|
\ .
4.
, )
, )
2
2 2
1
2 2
y / x
dy x y
dx xy y / x
+
+
= =
Put y = mx to get = +
dy dm
m x
dx dx

2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
dm m m dm m m
m . x . x
dx m m dx m m
+
+ = = + = =

2
2
1
m dx
dm c
x
m
= +

} }
or
, )
, )
2
1 log m log x c = + or
2
2 2 2 2
2
1 1
1
1
x
kx
m y x y
x
= = =

As curve passes through (2, 1)

4 4
2
4 1 3
k = =

2
3
k =
So, the equation of curve is
, )
2 2
3 2 x x y =
Differential Equation HWT - 2
Vidyamandir Classes
VMC/Differential Equation 20 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics
5.(D) Let y tx =
dy dt
t x
dx dx
= +
1
1
y x xdx dt dx
y t t
x y dx t x
t

| | | |
' = + + = + =
| |
| |
\ . \ .
|
\ .
} }
2
1
1 1
dt dt
t
t
t t

= =
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
} }
[ x y log cx = is general solution]

2
2
2
1 x y
t
t y
x

| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
6.(B)
2
2
1
2
1
y x
y
x
=
+
} }

, )
2
1
1 log y log x c = + + where
0
3
x
dy
dx
=
=
3 0 log c = + 3 c log =

, )
2
1
3 1 y x = +
3
1
3 y x x c = + + where , ) 0 1 y =
1
1 c =

3
3 1 y x x = + +
7. , ) , )
y y
xcos y dx xdy y sin xdy y dx
x x
+ =
, ) , )
y y
y dx xdy . tan xdy y dx
x x
+ =

, ) , ) y dx xdy d xy
y y y y
tan . d tan d
xy x x xy x x
+
| | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
Integrate both sides to get :
, )
y
log xy log sec c
x
= + or
y
xy k sec
x
=
8. It is order = 2, degree = 1
9.
, )
2 2
x y dy xy dx + =

2 2
dy xy
dx
x y
=
+
Let y tx =

2
1
xdt t
t
dx
t
+ =
+

3
2
1
xdt t
dx
t

=
+

, )
2
3
1 t
dx
dt
x
t
+
=

} }

2
1
2
+ = + nt ln x c
t
As y(1) = 1 t = 1
, )
, )
2
1
1 1
2 1
ln n c + = +
1
2
c =

2
2
1
2
2
y x
n nx
x
y
| |
+ = +
|
\ .

Now put y = e

2
2
1
2
2
+ + = +
x
ne nx ln x
e

2
2
3
3
2
2
x
x e
e
= =
10.
, )
, )
2
1 3
1
x y
dy
dx x
1
+ +
(
=
( +
]

, )
, )
2
1 3
1 1
x
dy y
dx x x
+
=
+ +

, )
1 1
2
1 1
1 3
1
dx dx
x x
x
ye e dx
x
| | | |

| |
\ . \ . + +
| |
+
| =
+ |
\ .
} }
}

, )
2
3 3
1
1 1
1
y
x c
x x
x
= = + +
+ +
+
}
, ) , ) 1 3 y x c x = + + + , ) , ) 0 2 3 3 c = + +
3 c =
2
2 y x x =
Vidyamandir Classes
VMC/Differential Equation 21 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics
Area in 4
th
quadrant
, )
2
2
0
8
2 4
3
x x dx = =
}
4 4
3 3
= = sq. units
1. Now
2
2
y y
y cos xy sin
dy x x
y y dx
xycos x sin
x x
| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
=
| |
+
|
\ .
Now let y tx =

2
dt t cost t sint
t x
dx t cost sint

+ =
+

2 2 xdt t sint t cost sint dx

dt
dx t cost sint t sint x
+
= =
+

, ) 2
t cost sint dt
dx
t sint x
+

=
} }

2
c
n t sin t n
x
| |
=
|
\ .

Now , ) 1
2 2
y t

= =
, ) 1
2
n nc

=
2
c

=

2
2
y y
sin
x x
x

= 2
2
y
sin k
x xy

= =
2. Only B option satisfies this condition.
3. , )
2
1
1
x x
f x
+
' =
, )
, )
2
2 2
2
1
1
1
2 2 2
x x x
f x log x x c
+
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
Since , )
1 2 1 2
0
2 2
f c

= =
Now , )
, )
1 2
2 1 1 2
1
2 2 2 2 2
log
f
+
= + +
, )
1
2 1
2
log = +
4. , ) , ) f x f x ' =
dy
y
dx
=
n y x c = +
x
y e =
as , ) 0 1 f =
1 = , )
x
f x e =
2
1
x
x x x
dx e dx
e e e

=
+ +
} }
Let
x
e k =
, )
1 1
2
1

= =
+
}
x
dk
tan k tan e
k
5.(D) 1 0 1
dy dy dy
x y
dx dx dx
| | | |
+ = =
| |
\ . \ .
or 0
dy dy
y x
+ = y = x + c or xy = c (x y + c) (xy c) = 0
Differential Equation HWT - 3
Vidyamandir Classes
VMC/Differential Equation 22 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics
6.(C)
2 2
1
2
x y y
tan c
x

+ | |
+ =
|
\ .

2 2
2
x y k
x tan y
| |
+ +
| =
|
\ .

2 2
2
c x y
y xtan
| |

| =
|
\ .
7.(A)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f xy f xy
d xy x . dx d xy x dx
f xy f xy
'
= =
'
}
{
2
2
2
( ) ( )
2
x /
x
log f xy c f xy ke = + =
8.(C)
, )
2 2
2 2
1 0
1
at ,
dy x y dy
dx dx
x y
+
= =

9.(D)
2
1
2
(1 ) ;
2
1
dy x
x dx tan y x k
y

= + = + +
+
} }

2
2
x
y tan x k
| |
| = + +
|
\ .
y (0) = 0 k = 0
2
2
x
y tan x
| |
| = +
|
\ .
10.(D)
, )
2 3
2
2
1
dy x y y ax
dx
x x

=

, )
, ) , )
2
3
2 2
1 2
1 1
x
dy ax
y
dx
x x x x

+ =

, )
, )
2
2
1 2
1
x
P
x x

1.(C)
2
2
;
ydx xdy x x x
dx d . xdx.
y y y
y
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

2
In
2
x
d
y x x
xdx c
y x
y
| |
|
| |
\ .
= = +
|
| |
\ .
|
\ .
} }

2
2
In 2
x
x c
y
| |
= +
|
\ .

2 2
2
2 2
2
x x
x
e . C y e kx
y
= =
2.(BC) p
2
px + y = 0 ; Diff. w.r.t. x to get : - 2 0
dp dp
p p x p
dx dx
+ =
0
dp
dx
= or x = 2p p = c or x = 2p y cx + c
2
= 0 is the general solution.
Also, substituting
2
x
p = in the original equation, we have
2
0
2 2
x x
x y
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .

2
4
x
y =
3.(C) Put y = tx
2
3 (1 ) (1 )
2 1
dt t t t
x
dx
t
+
=

1 1 2 1 2 3
const
1 1 1
/ /
dt dx .
t t x
| |
+ + + =
|
+
\ .
} }

In t
2
1 3 const. t n x + =
2 2
xy y x C. =
4.(A)
1
dx
nx
x
I .F. e e x = = =
}
5.(C)
1
2 2 3
dy x y
dx x y
+
=
+
Put x + y = t 1
dy dt
dx dx
+ =
1
1
2 3
dt t
dx t

2
2 3
dt t
dx t

(2 3)
2
t dt
dx
t

} }
2t + log
e
(t 2) = x + c x + 2y + log
e
(x + y 2) = c
6.(B) Let x + y = t 1
dy dt
dx dx
+ =
3 3
dt
xt x t
dx
+ = [Bernouills OE)
The solution is :
, )
, )
, ) 1 3 1 3
1 3 3
1 3
xdx xdx
t e x e dx

=
} }
}
;
2 2
3
2
1
2
x x
e x e dx C
t

= +
}


, )
2 2
2
2
1
1
x x
e x e C
t

= + +
, )
2
2
2
1
1
x
x ce
x y
= + +
+
7.(C)
4
0
ydx xdy
xdx
y

+ =
2
3
2
0
x ydx xdy
x dx
y
y
| |
+ =
|
\ .
2
3
0
x x
x dx d
y y
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ . \ .
} }

3
4
4 3 3 3
1
3 4
4 3
x x
c x y x cy
y
| |
' + = + =
|
\ .
Differential Equation HWT - 4
Vidyamandir Classes
VMC/Differential Equation 23 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics
8.(B) Substitute
y
f
dy y dy dv x
y vx v x
y dx x dx dx
f
x
| |
|
\ .
= + = = +
| |
'
|
\ .

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
dv f v f v dx
x . dv
dx f v f v x
'
= =
'
} }
log f (v) = log x + log c
y
f cx
x
| |
=
|
\ .
9. (B) Equation of tangent to the parabola y
2
= 4ax is :
,
a
y mx m
m
= + is any arbitrary constant and
dy
m.
dx
=

2
0
dy a dy dy
y x x . y a
dy
dx dx dx
dx
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
10. (B) Differentiate twice
1.(A)
2
2
x
x y y x x
y
dy e dy
e e e e e
dx dx
e
= + =
Put,
y y
dy dt
e t e
dx dx
| |
= =
|
\ .

, )
2 x x
dt
t e e
dx
+ = where I.F.
x
e dx
x
e
e e = =
}
, )
2 x x
e e x
t . e e . e dx c = +
}

x x x
e x e e
t . e e . e e c = +

, )
1
x x
y e e x
e . e e e c = + 1
x
y x e
e e c . e

= +
2.(A)
2 2
2 0 x y ay + = . . . .(i)
Differentiate w.r.t. x

2 2
2 2 2 0
2
x py
x py ap a
p
+
+ = =
Substitute the value of a in (i)
, )
2 2 2 2
2
2 0 2
x
x y y x y p xy
p
1
+ + = =
(
]
3.(C)
, )
1 2 0
x
cos y dx e sin y dy

+ + =

, )
1 2
x
sin y dx
dy
cos y
e

=
+
} }
, )
, )
2
x
log cos y log e c = + +

, )
2
x
cos y
k
e
=
+
At
1
0
4 3 2
x , y k

= = =
2 3 2
x
e cos y + =
4.(B) , ) , ) , )
dy
yg x g x . g x
dx
' ' + =
I.F. =
, )
, )
g x dx
g x
e e
'
=
}
, )
, ) , )
g x
y . e g x . g x dx c ' = +
}
, )
, )
, ) , ) g x g x g x
y . e g x e e c = +
, ) , ) , )
1 g x log y g x k + + =
Differential Equation HWT - 5
Vidyamandir Classes
VMC/Differential Equation 24 HWT-Solutions/Mathematics
5.(B)
2 2
2 2
2 2
0
d y d y
y y
dx dx
= + =
6.(A)
, )
3
2
1
xdy ydx
y
x cos dx
x
x

| |
= +
|
\ .

3 2
1
2
2
1
y
d
dx y x
tan c
y
x
x x
cos
x
| |
|
| |
\ .
= =
|
\ .
+
} }
7.(D) Put , ) 1 0
x y
x y t x c e
+
+ = + =
8.(AB)
y
xdy ydx ylog dx
x
| |
=
|
\ .

2
xdy ydx y y dx
. log .
x x x
x
| |
=
|
\ .

y
d
dx x
y y x
log
x x
| |
|
\ .
=
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
Substitute
y y
log t log cy
x x
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
9.(B)
2
1
dy x
y x y
dx
x
+ =

[Linear D.E.]

2
1
1
dy x
y x
dx y x
| |
+ =
|
\ .
Substitute y t =
2
1
2 2 2 1
dy dt dt x t x
dx dx dx y x
| |
= + =
|
\ .
I.F. =
, ) , )
, )
1
2 2
2 1 1
4
1 4
2
1
1
x
x dx ln x
e e
x

= =

}
Hence the general solution is :
, ) , )
1 4 1 4
2 2
1
1 2 1
x
y . dx c
x x
= +

}

, )
, )
3 4
2
1 4
2
1
1
3
1
y
x c
x
= +

, ) , )
1 4
2 2
3 1 1 y x c x = +
10.(D)
, )
3 3
2 2
dy dx
x y y y . x y
dx dy
+ = = +

2
2
dx x
y
dt y
=
where I.F. =
, )
1
1 1
y dy
log y
e e
y

= =
}

2 2
1 1
2
x
x . y dy y c
y y y
= = +
}