04. The Power of Blackness in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Tales and Romances + Art and Morality in the ritin!

s of Herman Mel"ille Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) - Puritan ancestors. Heritage of Salem. Concerned with themes of isolation and remorse sin and e!"erience artistic "ro#lems. Twice-Told Tales (18$%) - &'oung (oodman )rown& &*he +inister,s )lac- .eil&/ *ales a#out the Puritan "ast. *he "ro#lem with Puritans was that the0 considered mainl0 the darside of human nature and did not consider that human nature also had a #right side. Puritans were too o#sessed with sin and were alwa0s loo-ing for its manifestations in indi1iduals "ro#ing into the &sanctit0& of human souls. 2s this not a sin in itself3 Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) &4a""accini,s 5aughter& ,*he )irth-+ar-& *ales on scientific "assion and the conse6uences. 2n1estigates the similarities #etween science and art and its relationshi" to sin.

The Scarlet Letter (1870) -concemed with the effects of sin. Hester Prynne 8rthur
5immesdale 4oger Chillingworth triangle. Puritan communit0 "unishes Hester for committing adulter0. Stigma of the letter ,8,. *hrough suffering she #ecomes a #etter woman. 8n e!am"le of an inde"endent 8merican woman. 5immesdale the "o"ular Puritan minister wishes to confess his sin to the communit0 #ut onl0 does so at the end of the romance. His suffering is increased #0 the "resence of Chillingworth who consciousl0 tries to destro0 5irnrnesdale. The House of the Seven Gables (1871) - the effects of a curse on the P0ncheon famil0. *he sto0 of the sin of the forefathers and its conse6uences on the ne!t generations. The Blithedale Romance (1879) - 8n e!"erirnent with *ranscendentalism. Hawthorne in1estigates wh0 uto"ian comrnunities do not wor- "ortra0s his own disillusionment with *ranscendentalism through characters and their indi1idual conflicts. The Marble Faun (1860)- an ,international, no1el on art and e!"erience the difference #etween art and life. 5onatello is the faun come to life he is transformed into a human #eing through suffering and re"entance. Herman Mel"ille (181:-18:1) - )orn in ;ew 'or- Cit0 into a genteel #ut "oor famil0. Started wor-ing at the age of 19/ undertoo- cler-ing <o#s farming school-teaching sailing. S"ent 4 0ears on the sea li1ed among nati1es in the South Pacific. 5ated his life from the age of 97 when he started to write. )ased on the success of his first two #oo-s he thought he could ma-e a li1ing from writing. =ater he #ecame frustrated and disa""ointed #0 the lac- of interest in his wor-s on the "art of the reading "u#lic. He settled for a time near Concord +ass. (>merson Hawthome). 5edicated Moby- ic! to his friend Hawthorne. ?inancial "ro#lems assailed him throughout his life. 2n his discontent o1er readers he turned to "oetr0 in his later 0ears. 1:90s/ literar0 re1i1al of +el1ille a""reciated for his "s0chological insight. ;o1els/ Ty"ee (1846)@ Omoo (1848)@ Mardi (184:)@ Redburn (184:)@ #hite-$ac!et %&'()*+ Moby- ic! (1871)@ ,ierre- or .mbi/uities (1879)@ The 0onfidence Man (187%)@ Short fiction/ The ,ia11a Tales (1876)/ including &)artle#0 the Scri1ener & &)enito Cereno & &*he >ncantadas&@ &)ill0 )udd& "osthumousl0 "u#lished.

Poems/ Battle-,ieces and .s"ects of the #ar (1866) 0larel (18%6) $ohn Marr and Other Sailors (1888) Timoleon (18:1). &)enito Cereno& - theme of sla1er0/ Ca"t. 5elano,s "oint of 1iew in the stor0. He is struc- #0 Ca"t. )enito Cereno,s strange #eha1iour and his relationshi" to the sla1e )a#oo. 8""earances are misleading/ Sla1es ha1e ta-en command of the shi". ,)artle#0, - a tale of walls and lac- of communication.