International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-3264) Vol. 1; No. 2, December 2013 Available at www.ijrmst.

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Performance Analysis of 2.3 GHz Microstrip Square Antenna Using ADS

Yogesh Kumar Gupta 1 , R. L. Yadava2 , R. K. Yadav 3 Research Scholar, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 1 , India Galgotia College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida2 , India JRE Group of Institution, Greater Noida3, India ygupta555@gmail.com, rly1972@gmail.com, ravipusad@gmail.com flush-mounted and single-feed antennas [2]. Also, it ABSTRACT is highly desirable to integrate several RF modules for different frequency into one piece of equipment. Hence, multi-band antennas that can be used This paper describes the design and simultaneously in different standards have been in analysis of a microstrip square patch antenna to be the focus points of many research projects [3-4]. operated at 2.31 GHz. The proposed antenna is A large number of microstrip patches to be used in designed using electromagnetism simulation wireless applications have been developed [5-6]. software ADS-2008. Simulated result shows that Various shapes such as square, rectangle, ring, disc, 7.384 dB gain can be achieved at frequency 2.31 triangle, elliptic, etc. have been introduced GHz. Also, the return loss is -17.068 dB and VSWR [7-9].Various types of polarization techniques can be is 1.328 at design frequency. The impedance used to get the desired frequency range [10]. In bandwidth is found to be 41 MHz. The current comparison to patch elements, the antennas with slot distribution, 3D radiation pattern, 2D cut out configurations demonstrate enhanced characteristics, radiation pattern in phi- plane has also been estimated. The antenna can be successfully used to including wider bandwidth, less conductor loss and capture electromagnetic energy from the RF better isolation [11]. Particularly, the multi-slot signals that have been radiated by communication structure is a versatile approach for multi-band and and WI-FI system around 2.4GHz. broadband design. Design is tested and the results are simulated by using commercial software A DS Keywords Microstrip antenna, return loss and find out the optimum place to get the best bandwidth and Wi-Fi Systems. performance on the return loss. In this the momentum simulation method in ADS2008 has been I. INTRODUCTION used for designing of antenna. Momentum is best on the numerical discretization techniques is called the A conventional microstrip antennas consist of a pair method of moments. This technique is used to solve of parallel conducting layers separating a dielectric the Maxwells electromagnetic equation for planer medium, referred as substrate. In this configuration, structure in a multi-layered dielectric. The the upper conducting layer or patch is the source bandwidth of the patch is defined as the frequency of radiation where electromagnetic energy fringes range over which it is matched with that of the off the edges of the patch and into the substrate. The feed line within specified limits. In other words, lower conducting layer acts as a perfectly reflecting the frequency range over which the antenna will ground plane, bouncing energy back through the perform satisfactorily. This means the channels substrate and into free space. Physically, the patch is have larger usable frequency range and thus results a thin conductor that is an appreciable fraction of a in increased transmission. The bandwidth of an wavelength in extent. However, conventional shapes antenna is usually defined by the acceptable are normally used to simplify analysis and standing wave ratio (SWR) value over the performance prediction. The radiating elements and concerned frequency range. Ou t o f v ario u s the feed lines are usually photo etched on the s h ap es ; rectangle, ring, disc, triangle, elliptic, the dielectric substrate. A single patch antenna however square is one most commonly used patch antenna, does not sufficient to increase the power level. So an which have many advantages than other patch antenna is essential for increasing the power label. antennas. [1]. The rapid progress in wireless communications Therefore in this paper the design and analysis of a requires the development of lightweight, low profile, microstrip square patch antenna to be operated at
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2.31 GHz describes. The proposed antenna is designed using electromagnetism simulation software ADS-2008. The details of the study have been given in the following sections.

II.

ANTENNA DESIGN

c- Velocity of light -resonant frequency -extension of length -height of patch er- dielectric constant -width of patch antenna III. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

The selection of substrate depends on the type of circuit, operating frequency of operation and the amount of dissipation from the circuit. The properties of substrate materials should be high dielectric constant, low dissipation factor, high purity high resistivity, high stability, surface smoothness and thermal conductivity. However the dielectric material used in the design of the microstrip patch antenna is RT-Duroid with r = 2.33. The microstrip line feeding is given to the point where input resistance is approximately 50 ohms. The main advantage of this type of feeding scheme is that the feed can be placed at any desired location inside the patch in order to match with its input impedance. This feed method is easy to fabricate and has low spurious radiation.The size of the antenna is depend on the dielectric constant. The bandwidth is directly proportional to the substrate thickness or height and directly proportional to the r the conductor and dielectric loss is more important for thinner substrate and conductor loss increase with the frequency due to skin effect. The proposed antenna has been designed using the following expressions [13]

The proposed square patch antenna has been designed using following specifications:
Name of Substrate metal Dielectric substrate r Velocity of light Loss tangent Operating frequency (f) Conductivity (copper) Height of substrate (h ) = RT-Duroid = 2.33 = 3x108 m/s = 0.0018 =2.31 GHz = 5.8 x 107 = 3.9 mm

Dimensions of square patch are 39.8 mm and dimension of feed point which has two shapes one is rectangular shape of size 32.4 mm and 2.5 mm and another square at feed has the size of 5 mm. The geometry of square patch antenna is shown in Figure 1(a).

Where

and

Figure1 (a) Basic geometry of the square patch antenna

Where,
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Figure 1 (b) Current distribution of microstrip square patch antenna using ADS Figure 1 (a) shows the basic design of a square patch antenna, while Figure 1(b) shows the current distribution on the patch obtained using ADS. IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Figure 2 (b) Variation of Phase with frequency

In order to present the design procedure for achieving impedance matching, the antenna was designed using a RT duriod substrate resonating at 2.3 GHz and corresponding results are shown in Figure 2 (a-c). Figure 2(a) shows the variation of return loss vs frequency for the range 2.0-2.8 GHz. It is found that resonance is at fr = 2.3 GHz and seen that the value decreases from 2.0 to 2.4 GHz, while sudenly increasesing at fr = 2.3 GHz, and then again decreasesing till 2.8 GHz. And corresponding phase variation is shown in Figure 2 (b).

Figure 2(c) Variation of VSWR with frequency In addition, the variation of VSWR with frequency, which support the variation return loss with frequency is shown in Figure 2 (c). In general a microstrip patch antenna radiates normal to its patch surface. However, the radiation

pattern of the proposed antenna shows that it is Omni-directional as well as linearly polarized.
Figure 3 (a-g) shows the different radiation patterns like 3D radiation, 2D radiation (E-Theta and E-Phi), and circular, axial ratio in 3D and polar forms vs. rotation angle. Axial ratio with respect to angles

Figure 2 (a) S-parameter of the proposed antenna

is shown in Figures 3 (d-g).

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Figure 3 (d) Circular axial ratio of the antenna Figure 3 (a) 3D radiation pattern of microstrip patch antenna

Figure 3 (e) Circular Axial Ratio (polar) of the antenna Figure 3 (b) E-Phi 3D plot of radiation pattern of the antenna

Figure 3 (f) Linear axial ratio of the antenna Figure 3 (c) E Theta 3D plot of radiation pattern of the antenna
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The authors K. Kanaujia, Electronics Institute of support.

express their appreciation to Dr. B. Professor, Department of and Communication, Ambedkar Technology, New Delhi for his REFERENCES

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Monijit Mitra, Microwave engineering, Dhanpat Rai and Company (P) Ltd, 2004). J. K. Costantine, Y. Kabalan,A. El Hajj, and M.Rammal, New multi-band microstrip antenna design for wireless communications, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp-181-186, December 2007. H. Sabri and Z. Atlasbaf, T wo novel compact triple -band microstrip annular-ring slot antennas for pcs-1900 and WLAN applications, Progress in Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol. 5, 87 98, 2008.

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Figure 3 (g) Linear axial ratio (polar) of the antenna

[3]

Table 1. Simulated result of single microstrip square patch antenna

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[5]

[6]

[7] [8]

V.

CONCLUSION
[9]

The microstrip patch antenna is simulated using Momentum Simulation method of ADS-2008. The return loss of the microstrip patch antenna found to be -17.068 dB at resonance frequency 2.31 GHz. The gain of single microstrip antenna is 7.36066 dB and the directivity of and single microstrip antenna is 7.38418 dB. The aim of this paper is to design single microstrip antenna and to study the 3D radiation pattern, current distribution and 2D cut out radiation pattern and also study the return loss and VSWR of microstrip antenna. The impedance bandwidth is found to be 41 MHz. The proposed antenna can be successfully used to capture electromagnetic energy from the RF signals that have been radiated by communication and WI-FI system around 2.4 GHz.

[10] D. N. Elsheakh, H. A. Elsadek, and E. A. Abdallah, Reconfigureurable single and multiband inset feed microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication devices, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 12, pp.191-201, 2010. [11] Raj Kumar,George Mathai and J.P. Shinde, Design of compact multiband EBG and effect on antenna performance, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 5, November 2009. [12] Govardhani Immadi., M.S.R.S T ejaswi., M.Venkata Narayana N., Anil Babu. G. Anupama and K.Venkata Ravi T eja, Design of coaxial fed microstrip patch antenna for 2.4 GHz BLUET OOT H applications, Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 2 (12), December, 2011. [13] R.K.Yadav et al., Performance analysis of superstate loaded

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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International Journal of Research in Management, Science & Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-3264) Vol. 1; No. 2, December 2013 Available at www.ijrmst.org patch antenna and abstain from environmental effects, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) Vol. 3 No. 8 August 2011. [14] Nitin Agarwal, D.C.Dhubbkarya, Rinkesh Mitra , Designing & testing of rectangular microstrip antenna operating at 2.4GHz using IE3D, Global Journal of Researchers in Engineering , 11(1),Version 1.0, 2011. [15] Naimul Hasan, Design of single & 1x1 microstrip rectangular patch antenna array operating at 2.4 GHz using ADS, International Journal of Engineering Reasearch and Applications (IJERA), Vol 2, Issue 5, pp- 2124-2127, 2012.

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