Water and Sanitation: Engendering the Response

Women, Water, and Leadership Workshop 14 February, Manila

The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.

What are we up against?

Among the nearly 0.4 million households living in the slums, just 50 per cent have access to toilets. Around 56 per cent of the children in the slums defecate in the.Delhi Human Development Report, Improving Lives Promoting Inclusion, Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, 2013.

According to National Sample Survey (NSS)'s nation-wide survey on 'Drinking water, Sanitation, Hygiene, Housing condition' in its 69th round (July 2012December 2012); If one were to consider the urban areas of bigger states, Bengal has the lowest (49.0 percent) proportion of households who got drinking water within their premises.- Kolkata, Jan 21, 2014, Times News Network
The 69th report of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) ranked Rajasthan among bottom five states on sanitation with only 28% in rural and 61% in urban areas have proper arrangement for garbage disposal.- Times of India, Jan 13 2014

Water and Sanitation: Whos responsibility?

Policy and executive aspects: Union Government Setting policy directions; Major funding State (e.g. Delhi) Govt. Stating overall current priorities; Match, allocate and disburse funds Local political representatives (MP, MLA)- Supposed to highlight local needs and demands; Extend small funds Implementation: Local Urban body (MCD) Legislate, Propose; Some part of delivery; Execute Govt. Schemes State Govt. agencies (DUSIB) Autonomous agencies (DJB)

New Coordinated delivery mechanism Mission Convergence

How Multiplicity Confounds Delivery

Municipal Body MCD (Trifurcated operations North, South, East) Answerable to Parliament (Govt. of India) To Provide Basic amenities Infrastructure Implement Govt Schemes
To supply water in MCD area To provide sewerage facility Slum regulation Implement Govt schemes in slums Provide all services Health, Sanitation, Education, .. To create durable community assets; Undertake Local Development Works

D E L H I

Delhi Jal Board Water procurement, treatment and contractual supply

Autonomous Agency

DUSIB Part of Delhi Delhi Govts Govt. (earlier was part agency for slums and resettlement of MCD) colonies MPLADS: Executable by local District Administration MLALADS: Joint execution by all civic bodies and Boards

Elected Representatives Funds MPLADS, MLALADS

Scope for Change

Mission Convergence (Formed in Aug 2008) In 2012-13,

Recognizes Water and Sanitation as a critical component in the converged framework

Facilitating outreach and awareness on WSH in communities

through its community-based Gender Resource Centres (GRC) Bring in civil society role in improving access and delivery Coordinating with, to begin with, willing specialized agencies (DUSIB) to improve delivery Map local, community specific sanitation needs in 2012 Take up provisioning of Community Toilet facilities on priority

HOW DID WE GET HEARD? 1. Organize Community Women (Forum) 2 2. Women Advocate at Multiple Levels
PLANNING COMMISSION OFFICE OF LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OFFICE OF THE CHIEF MINSTER OF DELHI ADMINISTRATIVE HEADS DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB), MUNICIPAL CORP OF DELHI(MCD)

EARLY SUCCESSES- 2007

Repairs and renovation work started in Kalyanpuri and Janta Mazdoor Colony. Toilet at Kalyanpuri became functional

Repairing of public toilet at Kalyanpuri in progress

Newly constructed drinking water facilities at Janta Majdoor Colony

Moving On.: Focusing on Systemic Change

Initial Explorations: What were the Women Saying? We have seen a lot of people come and go. What new are you going to tell us? What do you think we do not know the difference between soaps? Which one is meant for what? We know of all of that. Can you get our drains cleaned? The main problem for us is open and filthy drain. Let alone walk through the settlement, we cannot even sit. Imagine what happens to us during monsoon. Can you do something?

Moving On.: Focusing on Systemic Change

To break the feeling of hopelessness and despair, worked across 39 settlements Reached out to 2492 households in Delhi alone Need Assessment to set the Context Delhi: Only 50% of the respondents knew the agency responsible for cleaning of community toilets. Jaipur: 82% of the community members were not aware of where to place their complaints related to sanitation. Kolkata: average 60% people did not have water supply.

MOUNTING LOCAL ACTION

COLLABORATIVE ENGAGEMENTS WITH LOCAL DELIVERY AGENCIES

DELHICollaboration with Municipal Corporation of Delhi, 9 awareness camps on safe sanitation practices, reaching out to about 2000 people. JAIPUR- Collaborated with Jaipur Municipal Corporation on a month long sanitation drive in the city, reaching out to Initially I did not participate in meetings held 29 wards, approximately 12000 people. near my house. Once I overheard them speaking about keeping water safe and then KOLKATA- Observed flagship days decided to attend these meetings. I am glad such as World Environment Day reaching because I have since learnt many things that I out to about 15000 population across 35 knew but did not entirely understandwards of the Municipality Gayatri, Delhi

EFFECT/IMPACT.

Before

After
Before After

AMPLIFYING VOICES: SCALING UP FORUMS

DELHI First forum formed in Rajasthani Camp with 10 Members. Today- Forums have emerged in 5 areas, with 74 members, 7 more forums being consolidated with about 66 members JAIPUR 13 forums across 7 areas, with a membership of 260 KOLKATA 5 forums across 5 clusters, with about 75 members. Across 3 cities- 30 forums, 475 members , approximately 142 active members

Advocating with Policy Makers

DELHI- 18 PETITIONS, 4 SIGNATURE CAMPAIGNS- DELHI URBAN SLUM IMPROVEMENT BOARD, MCD, DELHI JAL BOARD JAIPUR- 25 PETITIONS, 3 SIGNATURE CAMPAIGNS WITH JMC KOLKATA- 7 PETITIONS WITH MUNICIPALITY, DEPT. OF WOMEN AND CHILD, 6 SIGNATURE CAMPAIGNS

50 PETITIONS 13 SIGNATURE CAMPAIGNS 6 DEPARTMENTS

Strengthening Linkages between Sanitation and Womens and Girls Reproductive Health

HEALTH CAMPS- DELHI- 8; JAIPUR-6; KOLKATA-2

In Kolkata alone, of the 225 women and adolescent girls screened for RTI at health camps, 48% were diagnosed with RTI symptoms.

HEALTH CAMPS
Earlier I was not aware that RTI happens because of our poor hygiene and we can treat it Shobha Priyanka Camp. -At this Camp my eyes have opened as I realized that we can get many ailments and infections if we are not careful about personal hygiene- Pooja Rajasthani Camp.

Health Camp at Priyanka Camp Total Reached Out through 4 Health camps = 938 Screening Done on RTI/STI = 189 Health Camp at Rajasthani camp

Strengthening Linkages between Sanitation and Womens and Girls Reproductive Health
I have seen myself changing after I realized the importance of sanitation and hygiene. Have started using sanitary napkin. (Anita Rajasthani Camp, Delhi)

Since I and my children have begun washing hands every time we need to, my son is not complaining of stomach ache- Heena, Jaipur

CHANGE: WHO IS DRIVING IT?

Women Below 30 years Literate School going Girls Have switched from cloth to sanitary napkins

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

449
Total Women and Adolescents Reached Out in 4 clusters

140

Adopted New Practice (Sanitary Napkins)

Capacitating Grassroots Structures and Programs for Better Convergence

Trained 130 Single Windows or GENDER RESOURCE CENTRES (GRC) and 3 Mother NGOs (MNGOs) Trained 34 Anganwadi (Child Care) Teams in 27 Anganwadis centres Demonstrated training with 1305 beneficiaries: 328 women, 242 Adolescent , 735 children

Building Perspective On: Convergence of nutrition, hygiene with sanitation to impact quality of life indicators Child Survival, Women and Adolescent Health Improving Behaviour Change Communication initiatives

MAP OF DELHI Area & Symbol

WHERE ARE WE
Issue
Drainage Toilet Toilet Toilet Toilet

Status
Cleaned Installed Mobile Van Got Cleaned Budget Sanctioned Construction is under Progress Dustbin Installed

NTPC Subhash Camp Kirti Nagar, Nand Nagri Jain Mandir Kalyanpuri

Rajiv camp

Sanitation

I.Gandhi camp
NTPC Subhash Camp Saboli Khadda

Toilet
Water supply Drainage

Work is under Progress

Getting regular water supply Under Progress