SEVERINO, EMILIA CONCEPCION D. BAR OPERATION 2 SY 2013-2014 CASE DIGESTS Period Assigned: !n"!

!r# 10$ 2011 %o &EBR'ARY 2($ 2011

FIRST WEEK: DECEMBER 14, 2013 1 2 ! G.R. No. 181298 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 17 !!9 January 10, 2011 January 10, 2011 to January 12, 2011 Belle Corporation vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue "o#$ll %etals In&ustries, In'., et al. vs. (e'urity Ban) Corp, et al.

G.R. No. 188792*G.R. Nos. 190 77#78 + (ps. Geor,e R. -an an& (usan .. -an vs. Ban'o "e /ro 0ni1an), In'. * Geor,e R. -an an& (usan .. -an vs. Ban'o "e G.R. Nos. 190 99#700 January 10, 2011 /ro 0ni1an), In'.*Ban'o "e /ro 0ni1an), In'. vs. Geor,e R. -an an& (usan .. -an G.R. No. 190889 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 180282 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 171!79* G.R. No. 171219 January 10, 2011 3lenita C. 4a5ar&o vs. 6eople of t7e 67ilippines 6eople of t7e 67ilippines vs. N, 9i) 1un, et al. Jose %ar:ues, et al. vs. 4ar 3ast Ban) an& -rust Company, et al. * 4ar 3ast Ban) an& -rust Company, et al. vs. Jose %ar:ues, et al. %ila,ros (altin, vs. Jo7n ;ele< an& Clarissa r. ;ele< 6eople of t7e 67ilippines vs. Jay .orena y .a1a, (ps. Castro vs. (ps. (e an& "ela Cru<, et al. 6eople of t7e 67ilippines vs. =7a&&afy Jan5alani, et al. Repu1li' of t7e 67ilippines, rep. 1y "ept. $,rarian Reform vs. (alva&or N. .ope< $,ri#Business Corp.*$,ri#Business Corp. vs. "ept. $,rarian Reform .oa&masters Customs (ervi'es, In'. vs. Glo&el Bro)era,e Corporation an& R + B Insuran'e Corporation C7ina Ban)in, Corporation vs. $rmi (. $1el 6eople of t7e 67ilippines vs. -eresita >-essie> .ao,o 6eople of t7e 67ilippines vs. luis 6a5arin y "ela Cru< an& 3fren 6allaya y -uviera .eti'ia -an, et al. vs. /%C Carriers, In'. an& Bonifa'io $ram1ala $ntonio %. Caran&an, vs. ?on. "esierto, /ffi'e of t7e /m1u&sman*$ntonio %. Caran&an, vs. (an&i,an1ayan

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G.R. No. 1819!0 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 182982 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 190122 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 188!12 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 178898 January 10, 2011

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G.R. No. 17922 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 182827 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 17 2 2 January 10, 2011 G.R. No. 190 20 January 12, 2011 G.R. No. 190821 January 12, 2011 G.R. No. 12807 *G.R. No. 18!1 1 January 12, 2011

Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 1 Carry Over of the Exce !"co#e Tax to $ccee%&"' year(C)a&# for Ref$"% or Carry Over of Exce Tax* +$t$a))yExc)$ &ve Belle Corporation, petitioner vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, respondent. ".#. $o. 1%12&% 'an(ar) 10, 2011 Del *as+illo, '., Section 69 of the old National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC) allows unutilized tax credits to be refunded as long as the claim is filed within the rescri tive eriod! "his# however# no longer holds true under Section $6 of the %99$ NIRC as the o tion to carr&'over excess income tax a&ments to the succeeding taxable &ear is now irrevocable! Fact * Pe+i+ioner Belle *orpora+ion is a -omes+ic corpora+ion en.a.e- in +he real es+a+e an- proper+) /(siness. 0+ fileB0# i+s 0ncome 1a2 #e+(rn 301#4 for +he )ear of 1&&5. 0n view of +he overpa)men+, no +a2es were pai- for +he secon- an- +hir- 6(ar+ers of 1&&5. Pe+i+ioner7s 01# for +he +a2a/le )ear en-in. Decem/er 1, 1&&5 reflec+e- an overpa)men+ of income +a2es. 0ns+ea- of claimin. +he amo(n+ as a +a2 ref(n-, pe+i+ioner -eci-e- +o appl) i+ as a +a2 cre-i+ +o +he s(ccee-in. +a2a/le )ear /) mar8in. +he +a2 cre-i+ op+ion /o2 in i+s 1&&5 01#. 9or +he +a2a/le )ear 1&&%, pe+i+ioner7s amen-e- 01# showe- a.ain an overpa)men+ of i+s income +a2. On 2000, pe+i+ioner filewi+h +he B0# an a-minis+ra+ive claim for ref(n- of i+s (n(+ili:e- e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s for +he +a2a/le )ear 1&&5. $o+wi+hs+an-in. +he filin. of +he a-minis+ra+ive claim for ref(n-, pe+i+ioner carrie- over +he e2cess +a2 /ein. claime- +o +he +a2a/le )ear 1&&& an- applie- a por+ion +hereof +o i+s 1&&& ;inim(m *orpora+e 0ncome 1a2 3;*014 lia/ili+). D(e +o +he inac+ion of +he *0#, Belle *orp., appeale- i+s claim for ref(n- of (n(+ili:ee2cess income +a2 pa)men+s for +he +a2a/le )ear 1&&5. 1he *1< ren-ere- a Decision -en)in. pe+i+ioner7s claim for ref(n-. 0+ s+resse- +ha+ +he applica/le provision in +he case a+ /ar is Sec+ion =& of +he ol- 1a2 *o-e an- no+ Sec+ion 5= of +he 1&&5 1a2 *o-e. Se++le- is +he r(le +ha+ (n-er Sec+ion =& of +he ol- 1a2 *o-e, +he carr)in. forwar- of an) e2cess>overpai- income +a2 for a .iven +a2a/le )ear is limi+e- onl) (p +o +he s(ccee-in. +a2a/le )ear. $o+ sa+isfie- wi+h +he r(lin. of +he *1<, Belle *orp., appeale- +o +he *<. 1he appella+e co(r+ r(le- +ha+ BELLE ma) no lon.er op+ +o claim for a ref(n- consi-erin. +ha+ +he reme-) of ref(n- is /arre- af+er +he corpora+ion has previo(sl) op+e- for +he +a2 carr) over reme-). ?ence, +his presen+ pe+i+ion for cer+iorari. ! $e* @he+her or no+ pe+i+ioner is en+i+le- +o carr) over i+s e2cess income +a2 pa)men+ for +he )ear 1&&5 +o +he )ear /e)on- ne2+ prece-in. which is 1&&&. ,e)%* 1he pe+i+ion has no meri+. ?owever, /o+h +he *1< an- +he *< erre- in appl)in. Sec+ion =& of +he ol- $0#*. 1he law applica/le is Sec+ion 5= of +he $0#*. Un(+ili:e- e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s ma) /e ref(n-e- wi+hin +wo )ears from +he -a+e of pa)men+ (n-er Sec+ion =& of +he ol- $0#*. Un-er Sec+ion =& of +he ol- $0#*, in case of overpa)men+ of income +a2es, a corpora+ion ma) ei+her file a claim for ref(n- or carr)-over +he e2cess pa)men+s +o +he s(ccee-in. +a2a/le )ear. <vailmen+ of one reme-), however, precl(-es +he o+her. 1he op+ion +o carr) over e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s is irrevoca/le (n-er Sec+ion 5= of +he 1&&5 $0#*. Un-er +he new law, in case of overpa)men+ of income +a2es, +he reme-ies are s+ill +he sameA an- +he availmen+ of one reme-) s+ill precl(-es +he o+her. B(+ (nli8e Sec+ion =& of +he ol- $0#*, +he carr)-over of e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s is no lon.er limi+e- +o +he s(ccee-in. +a2a/le )ear. Un(+ili:e- e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s ma) now /e carrieover +o +he s(ccee-in. +a2a/le )ears (n+il f(ll) (+ili:e-. 0n a--i+ion, +he op+ion +o carr)-over e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s is now irrevoca/le. ?ence, (n(+ili:e- e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s ma) no lon.er /e ref(n-e-. 0n +he ins+an+ case, /o+h +he *1< an- +he *< applie- Sec+ion =& of +he ol- $0#* in -en)in. +he claim for ref(n-. @e fin-, however, +ha+ +he applica/le provision sho(l- /e Sec+ion 5= of +he 1&&5 $0#* /eca(se a+ +he +ime pe+i+ioner file- i+s 1&&5 final 01#, +he ol- $0#* was no lon.er in force. <ccor-in.l), since pe+i+ioner alrea-) carrie- over i+s 1&&5 e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s +o +he s(ccee-in. +a2a/le )ear 1&&%, i+ ma) no lon.er file a claim for ref(n- of (n(+ili:e- +a2 cre-i+s for +a2a/le )ear 1&&5. 1o repea+, (n-er +he new law, once +he op+ion +o carr)-over e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s +o +he s(ccee-in. )ears has /een ma-e, i+ /ecomes irrevoca/le. 1h(s, applica+ions for ref(n- of +he (n(+ili:e- e2cess income +a2 pa)men+s ma) no lon.er /e allowe-. JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 2 F&)&"' Fee* S$-)e#e"ta) Co#-)a&"t
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

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DO-ALL METALS I D!STRIES, I C., S"S. DOMI #O LIM and LEL$ %! # LIM, pe+i+ioners, vs. SEC!RIT$ BA % COR"., TITOLAIDO E. "A$O #A$O #, E&$LE E C. SISO , "'IL. I D!STRIAL SEC!RIT$ A#E C$ COR". and #IL SILOS, #espon-en+s. ".#. $o. 15= & 'an(ar) 10, 2011 <B<D, (!) "his case is about the ro riet& of awarding damages based on claims embodied in the laintiff*s su lemental com laint filed without rior a&ment of the corres onding filing fees! Fact * Dra.on La-) 0n-(s+ries, 0nc., owne- /) pe+i+ioner spo(ses Domin.o Lim an- Lel) B(n. Lim 3+he Lims4 +oo8 o(+ loans from respon-en+ Sec(ri+) Ban8 *orpora+ion 3+he Ban84. Una/le +o pa) +he loans on +ime, +he Lims assi.ne- some of +heir real proper+ies +o +he Ban8 +o sec(re +he same, incl(-in. a /(il-in. an- +he lo+ on which i+ s+an-s 3+he proper+)4. La+er on, +he Ban8 offere- +o lease +he proper+) +o +he Lims +hro(.h pe+i+ioner Do-<ll ;e+als 0n-(s+ries, 0nc. 3D;04 primaril) for /(siness al+ho(.h +he Lims were +o (se par+ of +he proper+) as +heir resi-ence. D;0 an- +he Ban8 e2ec(+e- a +wo-)ear lease con+rac+ /(+ +he Ban8 re+aine- +he ri.h+ +o pre-+ermina+e +he lease. 1he con+rac+ also provi-e- +ha+, sho(l- +he Ban8 -eci-e +o sell +he proper+), D;0 shall have +he ri.h+ of firs+ ref(sal. Before +he lease was +o e2pire, +he Ban8 .ave no+ice +o D;0 +ha+ i+ was pre-+ermina+in. +he lease. @an+in. +o e2ercise i+s ri.h+ of firs+ ref(sal, D;0 +rie- +o ne.o+ia+e wi+h +he Ban8 +he +erms of i+s p(rchase. D;0 offere- p(rchase +he proper+), /(+ +he Ban8 -ecline-. @hile +he ne.o+ia+ions were on .oin., +he Lims claime+ha+ +he) con+in(e- +o (se +he proper+) in +heir /(siness. B(+ +he Ban8 pos+e- a+ +he place priva+e sec(ri+) .(ar-s an- la+er on pa-loc8e- +he en+rances +o +he place an- /arre- +he Lims as well as D;07s emplo)ees from en+erin. +he proper+). 1he Lims even+(all) file- a complain+ wi+h +he #1* of Pasi. *i+) for -ama.es wi+h pra)er for +he iss(ance of a +emporar) res+rainin. or-er 31#O4 or preliminar) inC(nc+ion a.ains+ +he Ban8. 0n <nswerin. +he complain+, +he Ban8 poin+e- o(+ +ha+ +he lease con+rac+ allowe- i+ +o sell +he proper+) a+ an) +ime provi-e- onl) +ha+ i+ .ave D;0 +he ri.h+ of firs+ ref(sal. ?owever, -espi+e ne.o+ia+ion, D;0 an- +he Ban8 faile- +o come (p wi+h an a.reemen+ as re.ar-s +he p(rchase price. 1he Ban8 offere- no o/Cec+ion +o +he iss(ance of a 1#O since i+ claime- +ha+ i+ never preven+e- D;0 or i+s emplo)ees from en+erin. or leavin. +he /(il-in.. 9or +his reason, +he #1* -irec+e- +he Ban8 +o allow D;0 an- +he Lims +o en+er +he /(il-in. an- .e+ +he +hin.s +he) lef+ +here. 1he la++er claime-, however, +ha+ on en+erin. +he /(il-in., +he) were (na/le +o fin- +he mova/le proper+ies +he) lef+ +here. 0n a s(pplemen+al complain+, D;0 an- +he Lims alle.e- +ha+ +he Ban8 s(rrep+i+io(sl) +oo8 s(ch proper+ies, res(l+in. in a--i+ional ac+(al -ama.es +o +hem. 1he #1* ren-ere- a -ecision in favor of D;0 an+he Lims. 1he Ban8 move- for reconsi-era+ion of +he -ecision, 6(es+ionin. amon. o+her +hin.s +he #1*7s a(+hori+) +o .ran+ -ama.es consi-erin. plain+iffs7 fail(re +o pa) +he filin. fees on +heir s(pplemen+al complain+. 1he #1* -enie- +he mo+ion. On appeal +o +he *<, +he la++er fo(n- for +he Ban8, reverse- +he #1* -ecision, an-ismisse- +he complain+ as well as +he co(n+erclaims. D;0 an- +he Lims file- a mo+ion for reconsi-era+ion /(+ +he *< -enie- +he same, hence +his pe+i+ion. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he #1* ac6(ire- C(ris-ic+ion +o hear an- a-C(-ica+e plain+iff7s s(pplemen+al complain+ a.ains+ +he Ban8 consi-erin. +heir fail(re +o pa) +he filin. fees on +he amo(n+s of -ama.es +he) claim in i+. ,e)%* Yes. On +he iss(e of C(ris-ic+ion, respon-en+ Ban8 ar.(es +ha+ plain+iffs7 fail(re +o pa) +he filin. fees on +heir s(pplemen+al complain+ is fa+al +o +heir ac+ion. B(+ wha+ +he plain+iffs faile- +o pa) was merel) +he filin. fees for +heir S(pplemen+al *omplain+. 1he #1* ac6(ire- C(ris-ic+ion over plain+iffs7 ac+ion from +he momen+ +he) file+heir ori.inal complain+ accompanie- /) +he pa)men+ of +he filin. fees -(e on +he same. 1he plain+iffs7 nonpa)men+ of +he a--i+ional filin. fees -(e on +heir a--i+ional claims -i- no+ -ives+ +he #1* of +he C(ris-ic+ion i+ alrea-) ha- over +he case. JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. . Effect of A#&ca/)e Re o)$t&o" &" a -e"%&"' ca e /et0ee" -art&e S"O!SES #EOR#E R. TA and S!SA L. TA , Pe+i+ioners, vs. BA CO DE ORO ! IBA %, I C., #espon-en+.
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

".#. $o. 1%%5&2 'an(ar) 10, 2011 $<*?U#<, (!) #ESOLU10O$ Fact * Spo(ses 1an o/+aine- vario(s loans an- o+her cre-i+ accommo-a+ions from BDO. <s sec(ri+) for +he loans ano+her cre-i+ accommo-a+ions, Spo(ses 1an e2ec(+e- a #eal Es+a+e ;or+.a.e an- <men-e- #eal Es+a+e ;or+.a.e over a parcel of lan- owne- /) +he spo(ses 1an. Spo(ses 1an -efa(l+e- in +he pa)men+ of +heir loan o/li.a+ions. ?ence, +he Ban8 ini+ia+e- foreclos(re procee-in.s on +he fore.oin. #eal Es+a+e ;or+.a.e. <+ +he a(c+ion sale, +he Ban8 emer.e- as hi.hes+ /i--er an- was iss(e- *er+ifica+e of Sale Spo(ses 1an file- a complain+ for ann(lmen+ of mor+.a.e. 1he #1* of D* iss(e- +he wri+ of preliminar) inC(nc+ion res+rainin. +he foreclos(re of +he real es+a+e mor+.a.e cons+i+(+e- /) Spo(ses 1an in favor of BDO. On appeal, +he *< -issolve- +he wri+ of preliminar) inC(nc+ion iss(e- /) +he #1* concl(-in. +ha+ +he iss(ance of wri+ was (nfo(n-e- an- (ns(/s+an+ia+e-. 0+ li8ewise fo(n- +ha+ +he /on- se+ /) +he #1* was .ross ins(fficien+ +o cover all +he -ama.es which BDO mi.h+ s(s+ain /) reason of +he inC(nc+ion if +he co(r+ sho(l- finall) -eci-e +ha+ Spo(ses 1an were no+ en+i+le- +o +he wri+. 1h(s, +his case is a consoli-a+e- pe+i+ions file- /efore +he *o(r+ assailin. +he *<7s #esol(+ions. ,e)%* <f+er +he filin. of +he #epl) +o BDO7s *ommen+ in ".#. $o. 1%%5&2 an- while awai+in. BDO7s *ommen+ on +he pe+i+ion in ".#. $os. 1&0=55-5% an- Spo(ses 1an7s *ommen+ on +he pe+i+ion in ".#. $os. 1&0=&&-500, BDO move- for e2+ension of +ime +o file +he appropria+e plea-in. in view of +he se++lemen+ of +he consoli-a+ecases. On Decem/er 1=, 2010, Spo(ses 1an an- BDO file- a 'oin+ ;anifes+a+ion an- ;o+ion +o Dismiss, alle.in. +ha+ +he) have come +o an a.reemen+ for +he amica/le resol(+ion of +heir respec+ive claims +o avoi- +he inconvenience of li+i.a+ion. <++ache- +o +he mo+ion are +he *ompromise <.reemen+ e2ec(+e- /) +he par+ies ana cop) of +he #1* -ecision approvin. +he a.reemen+. @?E#E9O#E, premises consi-ere-, +he 'oin+ ;anifes+a+ion an- ;o+ion +o Dismiss is here/) "#<$1ED. *onse6(en+l), +he consoli-a+e- pe+i+ions are D0S;0SSED. 1he cases are consi-ere- *LOSED an1E#;0$<1ED.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 1 2)a&" 3&e0 4octr&"e ELE ITA C. (A)ARDO, Pe+i+ioner, vs. "EO"LE O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, #espon-en+. ".#. $o. 1&0%%& 'an(ar) 10, 2011 $<*?U#<, (!)
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

Fact * Pe+i+ioner, Eleni+a 9aCar-o, an- one Eal-) Falerio 3Falerio4 were char.e- wi+h viola+ion of P.D. $o. 1%==, or ille.al possession of firearms /efore +he #1*, Branch G, Bali/o, <8lan. 1he sai- heav) firearms were recovere- an- confisca+e- from +he acc(se-7s possession -(rin. a search con-(c+e- /) mem/ers of +he Provincial 0n+elli.ence Special Opera+ion "ro(p 3P0SO"4, <8lan Police Provincial Office /) vir+(e of a search warran+. ;em/ers of +he P0SO" were ins+r(c+e- /) +he Provincial Direc+or of P$P +o respon- +o +he complain+ of concerne- ci+i:ens resi-in. a+ Baran.a) <n-a.ao, +ha+ arme- men -rin8in. li6(or a+ +he resi-ence of pe+i+ioner were in-iscrimina+el) firin. .(ns. Upon arrival a+ +he sai- placie, +he) no+ice- +ha+ several persons scamperean- ran in -ifferen+ -irec+ions. 1he respon-in. +eam saw Falerio hol-in. +wo .!G cali/er pis+ols. ?e fire- sho+s a+ +he policemen /efore en+erin. +he ho(se of pe+i+ioner. 9aCar-o was seen +(c8in. a .!G cali/er han-.(n /e+ween her wais+ an- +he wais+/an- of her shor+s, af+er which, she en+ere- +he ho(se an- loc8e- +he main -oor. < few min(+es la+er, pe+i+ioners wen+ o(+ of +he ho(se an- ne.o+ia+e- for +he p(ll-o(+ of +he police +roops. $o a.reemen+ ma+eriali:e-. 1he policemen pos+e- a+ +he /ac8 of +he ho(se, saw Falerio emer.e +wice on +op of +he ho(se an- +hrow some+hin.. <s i+ +(rne- o(+, +he -iscar-e- o/Cec+s were +wo 324 receivers of .!G cali/er pis+ol, 1he recovere- i+ems were +hen s(rren-ere- +o +he .ro(p inves+i.a+or, who (+ili:e- +hem in appl)in. for ano/+ainin. a search warran+. 1he warran+ was serve- on pe+i+ioner an- +he Police 1eam procee-e- +o search +he ho(se an- +he) fo(n- several heav) firearms. Since 9aCar-o an- Falerio faile- +o presen+ an) -oc(men+s showin. +heir a(+hori+) +o possess +he confisca+e- firearms an- +he +wo recovere- receivers, a criminal informa+ion for viola+ion of P.D. $o. 1%== was file- a.ains+ +hem. 9or +heir e2onera+ion, pe+i+ioner an- Falerio ar.(e- +ha+ +he iss(ance of +he search warran+ was -efec+ive /eca(se +he alle.a+ion con+aine- in +he applica+ion file- an- si.ne- /) +he .ro(p inves+i.a+or was no+ /ase- on his personal 8nowle-.e. 1he) f(r+her asser+e- +ha+ +he e2ec(+ion of +he search warran+ was infirm since pe+i+ioner, who was insi-e +he ho(se a+ +he +ime of +he search, was no+ as8e- +o accompan) +he policemen as +he) e2plore- +he place, /(+ was ins+ea- or-ere- +o remain in +he livin. room. *onse6(en+l), pe+i+ioner an- Falerio were convic+e- of ille.al possession of firearms ane2plosives, p(nisha/le (n-er para.raph 2, Sec+ion 1 of P.D. On appeal, +he *< conc(rre- wi+h +he fac+(al fin-in.s of +he #1*, /(+ -isa.ree- wi+h i+s concl(sions of law, an- hel- +ha+ +he search warran+ was voi-. #es(l+an+l), all firearms an- e2plosives sei:e- insi-e pe+i+ioner7s resi-ence were -eclare- ina-missi/le in evi-ence. ?owever, +he 2 receivers recovere- /) +he policemen o(+si-e +he ho(se of pe+i+ioner /efore +he warran+ was serve- were a-mi++e- as evi-ence, p(rs(an+ +o +he plain view -oc+rine. ?ence, +he presen+ reco(rse. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he +wo firearms +hrown /) Falerio can /e a-mi++e- in evi-ence p(rs(an+ +o +he plain view -oc+rine. ,e)%* Yes. 9irs+, we r(le on +he a-missi/ili+) of +he receivers. @e hol- +ha+ +he receivers were sei:e- in plain view, hence, a-missi/le. Un-er +he plain view -oc+rine, o/Cec+s fallin. in +he Hplain viewH of an officer, who has a ri.h+ +o /e in +he posi+ion +o have +ha+ view, are s(/Cec+ +o sei:(re an- ma) /e presen+e- as evi-ence. 0+ applies when +he followin. re6(isi+es conc(r, 3a4 +he law enforcemen+ officer in search of +he evi-ence has a prior C(s+ifica+ion for an in+r(sion or is in a posi+ion from which he can view a par+ic(lar areaA 3/4 +he -iscover) of +he evi-ence in plain view is ina-ver+en+A an- 3c4 i+ is imme-ia+el) apparen+ +o +he officer +ha+ +he i+em he o/serves ma) /e evi-ence of a crime, con+ra/an-, or o+herwise s(/Cec+ +o sei:(re. 1he law enforcemen+ officer m(s+ lawf(ll) ma8e an ini+ial in+r(sion or properl) /e in a posi+ion from which he can par+ic(larl) view +he area. 0n +he co(rse of s(ch lawf(l in+r(sion, he came ina-ver+en+l) across a piece of evi-ence incrimina+in. +he acc(se-. 1he o/Cec+ m(s+ /e open +o e)e an- han-, an- i+s -iscover) ina-ver+en+. 1es+e- a.ains+ +hese s+an-ar-s, we fin+ha+ +he sei:(re of +he +wo receivers of +he .!G cali/er pis+ol o(+si-e pe+i+ioner7s ho(se falls wi+hin +he p(rview of +he plain view -oc+rine. 0n +he case a+ /ar, +he presence of SPO2 $ava a+ +he /ac8 of +he ho(se an- of +he o+her law enforcers aro(n- +he premises was C(s+ifie- /) +he fac+ +ha+ pe+i+ioner an- Falerio were earlier seen respec+ivel) hol-in. .!G cali/er pis+ols /efore +he) ran insi-e +he s+r(c+(re an- so(.h+ ref(.e. 1he a++en-an+ circ(ms+ances an- +he evasive ac+ions of pe+i+ioner an- Falerio when +he law enforcers arrive- en.en-ere- a reasona/le .ro(n- for +he la++er +o /elieve +ha+ a crime was /ein. commi++e-. 1here was +h(s s(fficien+ pro/a/le ca(se for +he policemen +o cor-on off +he ho(se as +he) wai+e- for -a)/rea8 +o appl) for a search warran+. 9(r+hermore, from where he was si+(a+e-, SPO2 $ava clearl) saw, on +wo -ifferen+ ins+ances, Falerio emer.e on +op of +he s(/Cec+ -wellin. an+hrow s(spicio(s o/Cec+s. Las+l), consi-erin. +he earlier si.h+in. of Falerio hol-in. a pis+ol, SPO2 $ava hareasona/le .ro(n- +o /elieve +ha+ +he +hin.s +hrown mi.h+ /e con+ra/an- i+ems, or evi-ence of +he offense +he) were +hen s(spec+e- of commi++in.. 0n-ee-, when s(/se6(en+l) recovere-, +he) +(rne- o(+ +o /e +wo 324
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

receivers of .!G cali/er pis+ol. ?ence, as correc+l) -eclare- /) +he *<, +he +wo receivers were a-missi/le as evi-ence. 1he lia/ili+) for +heir possession, however, sho(l- fall onl) on Falerio an- no+ on pe+i+ioner. 1he fore.oin. -is6(isi+ion no+wi+hs+an-in., we fin- +ha+ pe+i+ioner is no+ lia/le for ille.al possession of par+ of a firearm.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 5 5arra"t)e Arre t

"EO"LE O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, Plain+iff-<ppellee, vs. # $I% B! , %*O% *AI C'E #, C'A # C'A! S'I, C'!A S'ILO! '*A , %A S'! MI , A D RA$MO D S. TA , <cc(se--<ppellan+s. ".#. $o. 1%0!G2 'an(ar) 10, 2011 FEL<S*O, '#., (!) Fact *
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

< mem/er of a 1as8 9orce <-(ana receive- an in informa+ion +ha+ +here was an on.oin. shipmen+ of con+ra/anin a cer+ain /aran.a) in D(e:on Province. 1he 1eam +o.e+her in coor-ina+ion wi+h P$P procee- +o Filla Ficen+a #esor+. @hile o/servin. from a -is+ance, +he) spo++e- si2 *hinese-loo8in. men loa-in. /a.s con+ainin. a whi+e s(/s+ance in+o a whi+e van. ?avin. /een no+ice-, +he 1eam Lea-er i-en+ifie- his +eam anas8e- acc(se--appellan+ *h(a Shilo( ?wan 3?wan4 wha+ +he) were loa-in. on +he van. ?wan replie- +ha+ i+ was sha/( an- poin+e-, when pro/e- f(r+her, +o acc(se--appellan+ #a)mon- 1an as +he lea-er. < +o+al of 152 /a.s of s(spec+e- sha/( were +hen confisca+e-. 1hereaf+er an informa+ion was file- a.ains+ +he acc(sechar.in. +hem of +ranspor+in., -eliverin. an- -is+ri/(+in., wi+ho(+ a(+hori+) of law, in viola+ion of +he Dan.ero(s Dr(.s <c+. 1he #1* convic+e- acc(se--appellan+s of +he crime char.e-. On appeal, +he acc(secon+en-e- +ha+ 1he +rial co(r+ erre- when i+ hel- as vali- +he warran+less search, sei:(re an- s(/se6(en+ arres+ of +he acc(se--appellan+s -espi+e +he non-conc(rrence of +he re6(isi+e circ(ms+ances +ha+ C(s+if) a warran+less arres+. On appeal, +he appella+e co(r+ fo(n- acc(se--appellan+s7 con+en+ions (nmeri+orio(s as i+ conse6(en+l) affirme- in toto +he #1* Decision! ?ence, +his presen+ appeal, where essen+iall), acc(se--appellan+s claim +ha+ no vali- in flagrante delicto arres+ was ma-e prior +o +he sei:(re an- +ha+ +he police officers place- acc(se-appellan+s (n-er arres+ even when +here was no evi-ence +ha+ an offense was /ein. commi++e-. Since +here was no warran+ of arres+, +he) ar.(e +ha+ +he search sans a search warran+ s(/se6(en+l) ma-e on +hem was ille.al. 1he) con+en- +ha+ a sei:(re of an) evi-ence as a res(l+ of an ille.al search is ina-missi/le in an) procee-in. for an) p(rpose. ! $e* @he+her or no+ warran+less search an- sei:(re is vali- in +his case. ,e)%* warran+less arres+ is consi-ere- reasona/le an- vali- (n-er #(le 11 , Sec. G3a4 of +he #evise- #(les on *riminal Proce-(re, which s+a+es, Sec! +! ,rrest without warrant- when lawful! . , eace officer or a rivate erson ma&# 0&tho$t a 0arra"t, arre t a -er o") (a) /hen# in his resence# the -er o" to /e arre te% has committed# & act$a))y co##&tt&"'# or is attem ting to commit an offense- "he foregoing roviso refers to arrest in flagrante delicto! 0n +he ins+an+ case, con+rar) +o acc(se--appellan+s7 con+en+ion, +here was in-ee- a vali- warran+less arres+ in flagrante delicto. *onsi-er +he circ(ms+ances imme-ia+el) prior +o an- s(rro(n-in. +he arres+ of acc(se-appellan+s, 314 +he police officers receive- informa+ion from an opera+ive a/o(+ an on.oin. shipmen+ of con+ra/an-A 324 +he police officers, wi+h +he opera+ive, procee-e- +o Filla Ficen+a #esor+ in Baran.a) Bi.na) 00, Saria)a, D(e:onA 3 4 +he) o/serve- +he .oin.s-on a+ +he resor+ from a -is+ance of aro(n- G0 me+ersA an- 3!4 +he) spo++e- +he si2 acc(se--appellan+s loa-in. +ransparen+ /a.s con+ainin. a whi+e s(/s+ance in+o a whi+e L- 00 van. 1he arres+in. police officers ha- pro/a/le ca(se +o s(spec+ +ha+ acc(se--appellan+s were loa-in. an+ranspor+in. con+ra/an-, more so when ?wan, (pon /ein. accos+e-, rea-il) men+ione- +ha+ +he) were loa-in. sha/( an- poin+e- +o 1an as +heir lea-er. 1h(s, +he arres+ of acc(se--appellan+sIIwho were ca(.h+ in flagrante delicto of possessin., an- in +he ac+ of loa-in. in+o a whi+e L- 00 van, sha/(, a prohi/i+e- -r(. (n-er #< =!2G, as amen-e-IIis vali-.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 6 !" $ra"ce* 2ay#e"t of 2re#&$# )OSE MAR+!ES and MA,ILITE TEC' OLO#IES, I C.,-MA,ILITE. Pe+i+ioners, vs. (AR EAST BA % A D TR!ST COM"A $, (AR EAST BA % I S!RA CE BRO%ERS, I C., and MA%ATI I S!RA CE COM"A $, #espon-en+s. ".#. $o. 151 5& 'an(ar) 10, 2011 *<#P0O, (!) Fact * ;a2ili+e is a -omes+ic corpora+ion en.a.e- in +he impor+a+ion an- +ra-in. of e6(ipmen+ for ener.)-efficienc) s)s+ems. 'ose $. ;ar6(es is +he Presi-en+ an- con+rollin. s+oc8hol-er of sai- corpora+ion. ;a2ili+e o/+aine- a s+rai.h+ loan from 9EB1* an- sec(re- /) real es+a+e mor+.a.e. On +he o+her han-, 9EB0B0 is a local ins(rance
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

/ro8era.e corpora+ion while ;a8a+i 0ns(rance *ompan) 3;0*4 is a local ins(rance compan). Bo+h companies are s(/si-iaries of 9EB1*. Ma/ilite and Mar0ues entered into a trust re1eipt transa1tion 2it3 (EBTC , for +he shipmen+ of vario(s hi.h-+echnolo.) e6(ipmen+ from +he US, wi+h +he merchan-ise servin. as colla+eral. 1he fore.oin. impor+a+ion was covere- /) a +r(s+ receip+ -oc(men+ si.ne- /) ;ar6(es on /ehalf of ;a2ili+e. 9EB0B0, (pon +he a-vice of 9EB1*, facili+a+e- +he proc(remen+ an- processin. from ;a8a+i 0ns(rance *ompan) of fo(r separa+e an- in-epen-en+ fire ins(rance policies over +he +r(s+ receip+e- merchan-ise. ;a2ili+e pai- +he premi(ms for +hese policies +hro(.h -e/i+ arran.emen+ wi+h 9EB1*. One of +he ins(rance policies was release- +o cover +he +r(s+ receip+e- merchan-ise. 0+ was provi-e- in sai- ins(rance polic) was polic) is no+ in force (n+il +he premi(m has /een f(ll) pai- +o an- -(l) receip+e- /) +he ins(rance compan). 9in-in. +ha+ ;a2ili+e faile- +o pa) +he ins(rance premi(m for sai- ins(rance polic), 9EB0B0 sen+ wri++en remin-ers +o 9EB1* +o -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+. 0n +he meanwhile, ;a2ili+e f(ll) se++le- i+s +r(s+ receip+ acco(n+. 1hereaf+er, a fire .(++e- +he </oi+i: Sea 1ranspor+ B(il-in. ;a2ili+e7s office an- wareho(se were loca+e-. <s a res(l+, ;a2ili+e s(ffere- losses which ;a2ili+e claime- a.ains+ +he fire ins(rance polic) wi+h ;0*. 1he ins(rance compan) -enie- +he fire loss claim on +he .ro(n- of non-pa)men+ of premi(m. 9EB1* an9EB0B0 -isclaime- an) responsi/ili+) for +he -enial of +he claim. ;a2ili+e an- ;ar6(es s(e- 9EB1*, 9EB0B0, an- ;a8a+i 0ns(rance *ompan) an- pra)e- amon. o+hers for ac+(al -ama.es represen+in. f(ll ins(rance covera.e an- H/(siness oppor+(ni+) losses. 0n +heir complain+, ;a2ili+e an- ;ar6(es alle.e- +he) were le- +o /elieve an- +he) in fac+ /elieve- +ha+ +he se++lemen+ of ;a2ili+e7s +r(s+ receip+ acco(n+ incl(-e- +he pa)men+ of +he ins(rance premi(m. ;a2ili+e an- ;ar6(es fa(l+e- 9EB1* Hif i+ faile- +o +ransmi+ +he premi(m pa)men+s on s(/Cec+ ins(rance covera.e con+rar) +o i+s represen+e- s+an-ar- opera+in. proce-(re of solel) han-lin. +he ins(rance covera.e an- pas+ prac+ice of -e/i+in. i+s acco(n+.J ;a2ili+e is essen+iall) claimin. es+oppel on +he par+ of +he respon-en+s. 9EB1*, 9EB0B0, an- ;a8a+i 0ns(rance *ompan) co(n+ere- +ha+ ;a2ili+e an- ;ar6(es have no ca(se of ac+ion a.ains+ +hem an- essen+iall) -enie- +he alle.a+ions in +he complain+. 1he +rial co(r+ r(le- in favor of ;a2ili+e sa)in. +ha+ +he fa(l+ of nonpa)men+ of premi(m /) ;a2ili+e was -(e +o +he fa(l+ anne.li.ence of 9EB1* an- now es+oppe- . On appeal, +he *< affirme- +he -ecision of +he +rial co(r+. ! $e * @he+her or no+ +he respon-en+s are es+oppe- in claimin. +ha+ +he ins(rance polic) is ineffec+ive for nonpa)men+ of premi(m. ,e)%* Yes. 0n es+oppel, a par+) crea+in. an appearance of fac+, which is false, is /o(n- /) +ha+ appearance as a.ains+ ano+her person who ac+e- in .oo- fai+h on i+. Es+oppel is /ase- on p(/lic polic), fair -ealin., .oo- fai+h anC(s+ice. 0+s p(rpose is +o for/i- one +o spea8 a.ains+ his own ac+, represen+a+ions, or commi+men+s +o +he inC(r) of one who reasona/l) relie- +hereon. 0+ sprin.s from e6(i+), an- is -esi.ne- +o ai- +he law in +he a-minis+ra+ion of C(s+ice where wi+ho(+ i+s ai- inC(s+ice mi.h+ res(l+. 0n +he case a+ /ar, /o+h +rial an- appella+e co(r+s /asicall) a.ree +ha+ 9EB1* is es+oppe- from claimin. +ha+ +he ins(rance premi(m has /een (npai-. 1ha+ 9EB1* in-(ce- ;a2ili+e an- ;ar6(es +o /elieve +ha+ +he ins(rance premi(m has in fac+ /een -e/i+e- from ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+ is .ro(n-e- on +he +he followin. fac+s, 314 9EB1* represen+e- an- commi++e- +o han-le ;a2ili+e7s financin. an- capi+al re6(iremen+s, incl(-in. +he rela+e+ransac+ions s(ch as +he ins(rance of +he +r(s+ receip+e- merchan-iseA 324 prior +o +he s(/Cec+ 0ns(rance Polic), +he premi(ms for +he +hree separa+e fire ins(rance policies ha- /een pai- +hro(.h a(+oma+ic -e/i+ arran.emen+A 3 4 9EB0B0 sen+ 9EB1*, no+ ;a2ili+e nor ;ar6(es, wri++en remin-ers +o -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+, es+a/lishin. 9EB1*7s o/li.a+ion +o a(+oma+icall) -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+ for +he premi(m amo(n+A 3!4 +here was no wri++en -eman- from 9EB1* or ;a8a+i 0ns(rance *ompan) for ;a2ili+e or ;ar6(es +o pa) +he ins(rance premi(mA 3G4 +he s(/Cec+ ins(rance polic) was release- +o ;a2ili+e an- 3=4 +he s(/Cec+ ins(rance polic) remaine- (ncancelle-espi+e +he alle.e- non-pa)men+ of +he premi(m, ma8in. i+ appear +ha+ +he ins(rance polic) remaine- in force an- /in-in.. ;oreover, prior +o +he f(ll se++lemen+ of +he +r(s+ receip+ acco(n+, 9EB1* ha- ins(ra/le in+eres+ over +he merchan-ise, an- +h(s ha- .rea+er reason +o -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+. 9(r+her, as fo(n- /) +he +rial co(r+, anapparen+l) (n-isp(+e- /) 9EB1*, 9EB0B0 an- ;a8a+i 0ns(rance *ompan), ;a2ili+e ha- s(fficien+ f(n-s a+ +he +ime +he firs+ remin-er, was sen+ /) 9EB0B0 +o 9EB1* +o -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+ for +he pa)men+ of +he ins(rance premi(m. Since 314 9EB1* commi++e- +o -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+ correspon-in. +o +he ins(rance premi(mA 324 9EB1* ha- ins(ra/le in+eres+ over +he proper+) prior +o +he se++lemen+ of +he +r(s+ receip+ acco(n+A an- 3 4 ;a2ili+e7s /an8 acco(n+ ha- s(fficien+ f(n-s +o pa) +he ins(rance premi(m prior +o +he se++lemen+ of +he +r(s+ receip+ acco(n+, 9EB1* sho(l- have -e/i+e- ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+ as wha+ i+ ha- repea+e-l) -one, as an es+a/lishe- prac+ice, wi+h respec+ +o +he previo(s ins(rance policies. ?owever, 9EB1* faile- +o -e/i+ anins+ea- -isre.ar-e- +he wri++en remin-er from 9EB0B0 +o -e/i+ ;a2ili+e7s acco(n+. 9EB1*7s con-(c+ clearl) cons+i+(+es ne.li.ence in han-lin. ;a2ili+e7s an- ;ar6(es7 acco(n+s. <s a conse6(ence of i+s ne.li.ence, 9EB1* m(s+ /e hel- lia/le for -ama.es. 0n-isp(+a/l), ha- +he ins(rance premi(m /een pai-, +hro(.h +he
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

a(+oma+ic -e/i+ arran.emen+ wi+h 9EB1*, ;a2ili+e7s fire loss claim wo(l- have /een approve-. ?ence, ;a2ili+e s(ffere- -ama.e +o +he e2+en+ of +he face val(e of +he ins(rance polic).

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 7 E8ect#e"t Ca e* The f&"a)&ty of the %ec& &o" 0&th re -ect to -o e &o" %e facto ca""ot /e affecte% /y the -e"%e"cy of the a""$)#e"t ca e 0here the o0"er h&- of the -ro-erty & /e&"' co"te te% MILA#ROS SALTI #, Pe+i+ioner, vs. )O' &ELE4 and CLARISSA R. &ELE4, #espon-en+s. ".#. $o. 1%1& 0 'an(ar) 10, 2011 $<*?U#<, (!) Fact * 'ohn Fele: an- *larissa Fele: file- a complain+ for eCec+men+ a.ains+ pe+i+ioner ;ila.ros Sal+in. involvin. a proper+) an- o/+aine- a favora/le -ecision ! when +he ;e1*, or-ere- pe+i+ioner Sal+in. +o vaca+e +he s(/Cec+ parcel of lan-. 1he -ecision /ecame final an- e2ec(+or), af+er which respon-en+s file- a mo+ion for e2ec(+ion which was oppose- /) pe+i+ioner. 1hereaf+er, pe+i+ioner ins+i+(+e- an ac+ion /efore +he 3#1*4, <nn(lmen+ of Sale of +he Proper+) of +he s(/Cec+ proper+) wi+h a pra)er for iss(ance of a 1#O from e2ec(+in. +he ;e1* -ecision. Pe+i+ioner claime- +ha+ she p(rchase- +he s(/Cec+ parcel of lan- from Fillamena as evi-ence- /) a no+ari:e- -oc(men+ 8nown as Sale of #eal Es+a+e. She f(r+her e2plaine- +ha+ respon-en+s were a/le +o o/+ain +i+le +o +he s(/Cec+ proper+) +hro(.h +he
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

fra(-(len+ ac+s of +he heirs of Fillamena. She f(r+her so(.h+ +he -eclara+ion of n(lli+) of +he sale /) +he heirs of Fillamena +o respon-en+s involvin. +he s(/Cec+ parcel of lan-, an-, conse6(en+l), +he cancella+ion of +he +i+le +o +he proper+) in +he name of respon-en+s. 9in-in. +ha+ pe+i+ioner wo(l- s(ffer .rave an- irrepara/le -ama.e if respon-en+s wo(l- no+ /e enCoine- from e2ec(+in. +he ;e1* -ecision while respon-en+s wo(l- no+ s(ffer an) preC(-ice, +he #1*, .ran+e- +he wri+ of preliminar) inC(nc+ion applie- for. On appeal, +he appella+e co(r+ concl(-e- +ha+ Sal+in. ha- no clear an- (nmis+a8a/le ri.h+ +o possession over +he s(/Cec+ parcel of lan- in view of +he -ecision. ?ence, con+rar) +o +he concl(sion of +he #1*, +he *< opine- +ha+ pe+i+ioner was no+ en+i+le- +o +he wri+ of preliminar) inC(nc+ion. ?ence, +his presen+ pe+i+ion for review on cer+iorari averrin. +ha+ she has a clear an- e2is+in. ri.h+ an- in+eres+ over +he s(/Cec+ proper+) which sho(l- /e pro+ec+e- /) inC(nc+ion. 9inall), pe+i+ioner ar.(es +ha+ C(rispr(-ence allows +he s(spension of procee-in.s in an eCec+men+ case a+ wha+ever s+a.e when warran+e- /) +he circ(ms+ances of +he case. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he final an- e2ec(+or) -ecision in an eCec+men+ case ma) /e a/a+e- /) +he pen-enc) of +he procee-in.s involvin. +he iss(e of ownership over +he same proper+) in 6(es+ion. ,e)%* $o. 0n +he presen+ case, +he finali+) of +he -ecision wi+h respec+ +o possession -e fac+o canno+ /e affec+e- /) +he pen-enc) of +he ann(lmen+ case where +he ownership of +he proper+) is /ein. con+es+e-. 1he *o(r+ is incline+o a-here +o se++le- C(rispr(-ence +ha+ s(i+s involvin. ownership ma) no+ /e s(ccessf(ll) plea-e- in a/a+emen+ of +he enforcemen+ of +he final -ecision in an eCec+men+ s(i+. 1he ra+ionale of +he r(le has /een e2plaine- in +his wise, 1his r(le is no+ wi+ho(+ .oo- reason. 0f +he r(le were o+herwise, eCec+men+ cases co(l- easil) /e fr(s+ra+e+hro(.h +he simple e2pe-ien+ of filin. an ac+ion con+es+in. +he ownership over +he proper+) s(/Cec+ of +he con+rovers). 1his wo(l- ren-er n(.a+or) +he (n-erl)in. philosoph) of +he s(mmar) reme-) of eCec+men+ which is +o preven+ criminal -isor-er an- /reaches of +he peace an- +o -isco(ra.e +hose who, /elievin. +hemselves en+i+le- +o +he possession of +he proper+), resor+ +o force ra+her +han +o some appropria+e ac+ion in co(r+ +o asser+ +heir claims. Unlawf(l -e+ainer an- forci/le en+r) s(i+s (n-er #(le 50 of +he #(les of *o(r+ are -esi.ne- +o s(mmaril) res+ore ph)sical possession of a piece of lan- or /(il-in. +o one who has /een ille.all) or forci/l) -eprive- +hereof, wi+ho(+ preC(-ice +o +he se++lemen+ of +he par+ies7 opposin. claims of C(ri-ical possession in appropria+e procee-in.s.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 9 4r$' Ca e* Cha&" of C$ to%y of Cor-$ 4e)&ct& "EO"LE O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, <ppellee, vs. )A$ LORE A 5 LABA#, <ppellan+. ".#. $o. 1%!&G! 'an(ar) 10, 2011 F0LL<#<;<, '#., (!) Fact * 0ris ;ae *leofe 30ris4, a civilian informan+, came +o +he Pasacao Police S+a+ion +o repor+ appellan+7s alle.e- -r(. +raffic8in. ac+ivi+ies. <c+in. on sai- informa+ion, all mem/ers of 1as8 9orce U/ash, a (ni+ char.e- wi+h moni+orin. -r(. +raffic8in. ac+ivi+ies in +he area, +o .o wi+h 0ris an- con-(c+ a s(rveillance (pon appellan+. 0n coor-ina+ion wi+h PDE<, +he +eam was +o con-(c+ a /()-/(s+ opera+ion. <ro(n- 5,00 in +he evenin., +o s+ar+ +he opera+ion, 0ris arrive- an- en+ere- Saar7s ho(se. She imme-ia+el) procee-e- wi+h +he +ransac+ion an- han-eover +he mar8e- PG00-/ill +o appellan+ 'a) Loren who was +hen si++in. -own. @hile han-in. over +he mone), 0ris (++ere- +he wor-s HO, ()a na an /a)a- 8o 8ai)an ha, /aa- 8(n wara-waraon mo i)an, ()a na an /a)a- 8o haH 31his is m) pa)men+, )o( mi.h+ misplace i+4, her voice eli/era+el) ma-e lo(-er for +he /()-/(s+ +eam +o hear. Sim(l+aneo(sl), appellan+ han-e- over a plas+ic sache+ con+ainin. whi+e cr)s+alline s(/s+ance +o 0ris. <+ +ha+ poin+, some mem/ers of +he +as8 force r(she- +o +he porch, arres+e- appellan+ an- han-c(ffe- him. One of +he policemen recovere- from appellan+7s poc8e+ +he PG00-/ill while 0ris +(rne- over +he sache+ of shabu +o Espiri+(. 1hen +he) /ro(.h+ appellan+ +o +he police s+a+ion where he was -e+aine-. 1he sache+ con+ainin. whi+e
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

cr)s+alline s(/s+ance was +hereaf+er personall) s(/mi++e- +o +he *amarines S(r Provincial *rime La/ora+or), where i+ was +es+e-. <ccor-in.l) he was criminall) char.e- for (nlawf(ll), an- 8nowin.l) sellin. sha/(, a -an.ero(s -r(.. 1he #1* prom(l.a+e- i+s C(-.men+ fin-in. appellan+ .(il+) /e)on- reasona/le -o(/+ of viola+in. Sec+ion G, <r+icle 00 of #.<. $o. &1=G 3Dan.ero(s Dr(.s <c+4. 0+ hel- +ha+ even if +he prosec(+ion faile- +o presen+ +he pose(r-/()er /) reason of her -ea+h, her fail(re +o +es+if) was no+ fa+al +o +he prosec(+ion7s evi-ence since prosec(+ion wi+nesses Solero, Espiri+( an- <)en were a/le +o o/serve +he +ransac+ion /e+ween 0ris an- appellan+, an- +he shabu an- /()-/(s+ mone) recovere- from him were presen+e- as evi-ence +o prove +he sale. <ppellan+ appeale- +o +he *<. 1he appella+e co(r+ affirme- +he -ecision of +he lower co(r+. ?ence, +his presen+ appeal, averrin. amon. o+hers, +ha+ +he lower co(r+ misapplie- +he pres(mp+ion of re.(lari+) in +he performance of official f(nc+ion, especiall) since +he arres+in. officers faile- +o compl) wi+h +he .(i-elines prescri/e- /) +he law re.ar-in. +he c(s+o-) an- con+rol of +he sei:e- -r(.s as man-a+e- /) Sec+ion 21, #.<. $o. &1=G. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +here was s(fficien+ evi-ence +o fin- +he appellan+ .(il+) /e)on- reasona/le -o(/+ of +he crime char.e-. ,e)%* 1he *o(r+ reverse- appellan+7s convic+ion. 0n a prosec(+ion for ille.al sale of a prohi/i+e- -r(. (n-er Sec+ion G of #.<. $o. &1=G, +he prosec(+ion m(s+ prove +he followin. elemen+s, 314 +he i-en+i+) of +he /()er an- +he seller, +he o/Cec+, an- +he consi-era+ionA an324 +he -eliver) of +he +hin. sol- an- +he pa)men+ +herefor. <ll +hese re6(ire evi-ence +ha+ +he sale +ransac+ion +ranspire-, co(ple- wi+h +he presen+a+ion in co(r+ of +he cor-$ %e)&ct&, &.e., +he /o-) or s(/s+ance of +he crime +ha+ es+a/lishes +ha+ a crime has ac+(all) /een commi++e-, as shown /) presen+in. +he o/Cec+ of +he ille.al +ransac+ion. 9(r+her, consi-erin. +he ille.al -r(.7s (ni6(e charac+eris+ic ren-erin. i+ in-is+inc+, no+ rea-il) i-en+ifia/le an- easil) open +o +amperin., al+era+ion or s(/s+i+(+ion ei+her /) acci-en+ or o+herwise, +here is a nee- +o compl) s+ric+l) wi+h proce-(re in i+s sei:(re an- c(s+o-). Sec+ion 21, para.raph 1, <r+icle 00 of #.<. $o. &1=G provi-es s(ch proce-(re, 314 1he apprehen-in. +eam havin. ini+ial c(s+o-) an- con+rol of +he -r(.s s3all, imme-ia+el) af+er sei:(re an- confisca+ion, p35si1all5 inventor5 an- p3oto6rap3 +he same in +he presence of +he acc(se- or +he person>s from whom s(ch i+ems were confisca+e- an->or sei:e-, or his>her represen+a+ive or co(nsel, a represen+a+ive from +he me-ia an- +he Depar+men+ of '(s+ice 3DO'4, an- an) elec+ep(/lic official who shall /e re6(ire- +o si.n +he copies of +he inven+or) an- /e .iven a cop) +hereof. Evi-en+ from +he recor-s of +his case, however, is +he fac+ +ha+ +he mem/ers of +he /()-/(s+ +eam -i- no+ compl) wi+h +he proce-(re lai- -own in Sec+ion 21 of #.<. $o. &1=G. $o+hin. in +he +es+imon) of Solero, *omman-er of 1as8 9orce U/ash, wo(l- show +ha+ +he proce-(re was complie- wi+h. ?e even a-mi++e- +ha+ he has no+ seen +he inven+or) of +he confisca+e- -r(.s alle.e-l) prepare- /) +he police officers an- +ha+ he onl) rea- a li++le of #.<. $o. &1=G. 0n +his case, +here was no compliance wi+h +he inven+or) an- pho+o.raphin. of +he sei:e- -an.ero(s -r(. anmar8e- mone) imme-ia+el) af+er +he /()-/(s+ opera+ion. @e have hel- +ha+ s(ch non-compliance -oes no+ necessaril) ren-er voi- an- invali- +he sei:(re of +he -an.ero(s -r(.s. 1here m(s+, however, /e C(s+ifia/le .ro(n-s +o warran+ e2cep+ion +herefrom, an- provi-e- +ha+ +he in+e.ri+) an- evi-en+iar) val(e of +he sei:e- i+ems are properl) preserve- /) +he apprehen-in. officer>s. @hile a perfec+ chain of c(s+o-) is almos+ alwa)s impossi/le +o achieve, an (n/ro8en chain /ecomes in-ispensa/le an- essen+ial in +he prosec(+ion of -r(. cases owin. +o i+s s(scep+i/ili+) +o al+era+ion, +amperin., con+amina+ion an- even s(/s+i+(+ion an- e2chan.e. ?ence, ever& lin0 must be accounted for . Prosec(+ion wi+nesses Solero, <)en an- Espiri+( were (ni+e- in +es+if)in. +ha+ af+er +he cons(mma+ion of +he +ransac+ion an- imme-ia+el) (pon appellan+7s apprehension, 0ris +(rne- over +he plas+ic sache+ +o Espiri+(. 0+ was li8ewise clear +ha+ Espiri+( +(rne- over +o Solero +he specimen alle.e-l) sei:efrom appellan+ a+ +he police s+a+ion. ?owever, as to the subse1uent handling of said s ecimen at the olice station until it was resented in court# the rosecution failed to clearl& account for each lin0 in the chain due to the vagueness and atent inconsistencies in the testimonies of the rosecution witnesses! Not onl& did the rosecution fail to offer an& 2ustifiable ground wh& the rocedure re1uired b& law was not com lied with# it was also unable to establish the chain of custod& of the shabu allegedl& ta0en from a ellant! "he obvious ga s in the chain of custod& created a reasonable doubt as to whether the s ecimen seized from a ellant was the same s ecimen brought to the crime laboratories and eventuall& offered in court as evidence . @i+ho(+ a-e6(a+e proof of +he corp(s -elic+i, appellan+7s convic+ion canno+ s+an-. <s a res(l+ of +he irre.(lari+ies an- lapses in +he chain of c(s+o-) re6(iremen+ which (nfor+(na+el) +he +rial an- appella+e co(r+s overloo8e-, +he pres(mp+ion of re.(lari+) in +he performance of official -(+ies canno+ /e (se- a.ains+ appellan+. 0+ nee-s no el(ci-a+ion +ha+ +he pres(mp+ion of re.(lari+) in +he performance of official -(+) m(s+ /e seen in +he con+e2+ of an e2is+in. r(le of law or s+a+(+e a(+hori:in. +he performance of an ac+ or -(+) or prescri/in. a proce-(re in +he performance +hereof. 1he pres(mp+ion, in o+her wor-s, o/+ains onl) where no+hin. in +he recor-s is s(..es+ive of +he fac+ +ha+
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

+he law enforcers involve- -evia+e- from +he s+an-ar- con-(c+ of official -(+) as provi-e- for in +he law. O+herwise, where +he official ac+ in 6(es+ion is irre.(lar on i+s face, an a-verse pres(mp+ion arises as a ma++er of co(rse.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. : Re;$& &te * ! $a"ce of 5r&t of 2re)&#&"ary +a"%atory !"8$"ct&o" S"O!SES ISA#A I and DIOSDADA CASTRO, Pe+i+ioners, vs. S"O!SES RE#I O SE and &IOLETA DELA CR!4, S"O!SES ED!ARDO and C'ARITO "ERE4 and MARCELI O TOLE TI O, #espon-en+s. ".#. $o. 1&0122 'an(ar) 10, 2011 *<#P0O ;O#<LES, (!# Fact * #espon-en+ Spo(ses Pere: o/+aine- a loan from Spo(ses *as+ro 3pe+i+ioners4 an- +o sec(re which +he) e2ec(+ea real es+a+e mor+.a.e in pe+i+ioners7 favor coverin. an (nre.is+ere- parcel of lan-. Spo(ses Pere: havin. faile+o se++le +heir loan, pe+i+ioners e2+raC(-iciall) foreclose- +he mor+.a.e an-, as +he hi.hes+ /i--er a+ +he p(/lic a(c+ion, /o(.h+ +he proper+). 0+ +(rne- o(+ +ha+ /efore +he foreclos(re, Spo(ses Pere:, sol- +he proper+) +o respon-en+ Spo(ses -ela *r(: who was a/le +o ca(se +he iss(ance of +a2 -eclara+ion in +heir name. Spo(ses -ela *r(: claime- +ha+ +he) were (naware of +he e2is+in. mor+.a.e an- +he 1D /ore no anno+a+ion of +he mor+.a.es. 1he pe+i+ioners file- a complain+ a.ains+ +he +wo se+s of respon-en+ spo(ses. D(rin. +he pen-enc) of case, pe+i+ioners file- an e2 par+e mo+ion for +he iss(ance of a wri+ of possession over +he proper+) /) vir+(e of +he foreclos(re sale which was .ran+e- /) +he +rial co(r+ 3#1*-Branch 1=4. B) vir+(e of sai- wri+, spo(ses -ela *r(: were evic+e- from +he proper+). On +he o+her han-, Spo(ses -ela *r(: pra)e- for +he iss(ance of a wri+ of preliminar) man-a+or) inC(nc+ion +o res+ore +hem +o ph)sical possession of +he proper+) , which pra)er Branch 5 of +he #1* .ran+e-. 1he +rial co(r+ r(le- +ha+ Spo(ses -ela *r(: were no+ claimin. ri.h+s (n-er +he spo(ses Pere:. 1he) were an- s+ill are +he owners in +heir own ri.h+. ?ence, +he wri+ of possession iss(e- was improperl) implemen+e- an- (n-er <r+. G & of +he *ivil *o-e, +he) m(s+ /e res+ore- +o sai- possession /) +he means es+a/lishe- /) +he laws an- +he #(les of *o(r+. 1he wri+ of preliminar) man-a+or) inC(nc+ion pra)e- for is (n-enia/l) one of +he means es+a/lishe- /) +he laws an- +he #(les of *o(r+.
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

! $e* @he+her or no+ +he iss(ance of wri+ of preliminar) man-a+or) inC(nc+ion in favor of Spo(ses Dela *r(: is proper. ,e)%* Yes. 9or an inC(nc+ive wri+ +o iss(e, a clear showin. of e2+reme (r.enc) +o preven+ irrepara/le inC(r) an- a clear an- (nmis+a8a/le ri.h+ +o i+ m(s+ /e proven /) +he par+) see8in. i+. 1he primar) o/Cec+ive of a preliminar) inC(nc+ion, whe+her prohi/i+or) or man-a+or), is +o preserve +he status 1uo (n+il +he meri+s of +he case can /e hear-. 0n +he case a+ /ar, respon-en+ Spo(ses -ela *r(: ha- lon. /efore +he foreclos(re of +he mor+.a.e or /o(.h+ an- +oo8 possession of +he proper+), an- ha- in fac+ cancelle- +he seller-respon-en+ Spo(ses Pere:7 1D an- ha- one iss(e- in +heir name. B) pe+i+ioners7 see8in. e2 par+e +he iss(ance +o +hem of a wri+ of possession over +he proper+), which was .ran+e- an- +he wri+ enforce- a.ains+ respon-en+ Spo(ses -e la *r(:, +he) -is+(r/e- +he status 1uo ante litem. 1he +rial co(r+ -i- no+ +h(s commi+ .rave a/(se of -iscre+ion when i+ iss(e+he wri+ of preliminar) man-a+or) inC(nc+ion in favor of Spo(ses -e la *r(:. 9or +he enforcemen+ of +he wri+ of possession a.ains+ respon-en+ Spo(ses -ela *r(:, who -i- no+ +a8e par+ in +he foreclos(re procee-in.s, wo(lamo(n+ +o +a8in. of real proper+) wi+ho(+ +he /enefi+ of a proper C(-icial in+erven+ion. 1he proce-(ral shor+c(+ which pe+i+ioners is impermissi/le. Even <r+icle ! of +he *ivil *o-e ins+r(c+s +ha+ H<c+(al possession (n-er claim of ownership raises -isp(+a/le pres(mp+ion of ownership. 1he +r(e owner m(s+ resor+ +o C(-icial process for +he recover) of +he proper+).H 1he con+empla+e- C(-icial process is no+ +hro(.h an e2-par+e pe+i+ion as wha+ pe+i+ioners availe- of, /(+ a process wherein a +hir- par+), Spo(ses -e la *r(: herein, is .iven an oppor+(ni+) +o /e hear-.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 10 Cha"'e of 2)ea of acc$ e% for <"ot '$&)ty= to <'$&)ty= "EO"LE O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, Plain+iff-<ppellee, vs. %'ADDA($ )A )ALA I, #AMAL B. BA'ARA a.7.a. Tapa5, A #ELO TRI IDAD a.7.a. A8u %3alil, #A""AL BA A' ASALI a.7.a. Maidan or e6ro, )AI AL SALI a.7.a. A8u Solaiman, RO'MAT ABD!RRO'IM a.7.a. )a17ie or 4a75, and ot3er )O' and )A E DOES, <cc(se-, #AMAL B. BA'ARA a.7.a. Tapa5, A #ELO TRI IDAD a.7.a. A8u %3alil, and RO'MAT ABD!RRO'IM a.7.a. A8u )a17ie or 4a75, <cc(se--<ppellan+s. ".#. $o. 1%% 1! 'an(ar) 10, 2011 SE#E$O, (!) Fact * 1his involves +he Falen+ine7s Da) /om/in. +ha+ happene- on 9e/r(ar) 1!, 200G which happene- in <)ala, ;a8a+i. Prior +o e2plosion, +he spo8esperson of +he </( Sa))af "ro(p I </( Solaiman I anno(nce- over ra-io s+a+ion DEBB +ha+ +he .ro(p ha- a Falen+ine7s Da) H.if+H for former Presi-en+ "loria ;acapa.al-<rro)o. <f+er +he /om/in., he a.ain wen+ on ra-io an- warne- of more /om/ a++ac8s. 1hereaf+er, ;em/ers of +he </( Sa))af "ro(p le- Bha--af) 'anCalani, I were +hen char.e- wi+h m(l+iple m(r-er an- m(l+iple fr(s+ra+e- m(r-er. Onl) Baharan, 1rini-a-, <sali, an- #ohma+ were arres+e-, while +he o+her acc(se- remain a+-lar.e. On +heir arrai.nmen+ for +he m(l+iple m(r-er char.e, Baharan, 1rini-a-, an- <sali all en+ere- a plea of .(il+). On +he o+her han-, (pon arrai.nmen+ for +he m(l+iple fr(s+ra+e- m(r-er char.e, acc(se- <sali ple- .(il+). <cc(se1rini-a- an- Baharan ple- no+ .(il+). #ohma+ ple- no+ .(il+) +o /o+h char.es. 0n +he li.h+ of +he pre+rial s+ip(la+ions, +he +rial co(r+ as8e- whe+her acc(se- Baharan an- 1rini-a- were amena/le +o chan.in. +heir Hno+ .(il+)H pleas +o +he char.e of m(l+iple fr(s+ra+e- m(r-er, consi-erin. +ha+ +he) ple- H.(il+)H +o +he heavier char.e of m(l+iple m(r-er, crea+in. an apparen+ inconsis+enc) in +heir pleas. Defense co(nsel conferre- wi+h acc(se- Baharan an- 1rini-a- an- e2plaine- +o +hem +he conse6(ences of +he pleas. 1he +wo acc(seac8nowle-.e- +he inconsis+encies an- manifes+e- +heir rea-iness for re-arrai.nmen+. <f+er +he 0nforma+ion was rea- +o +hem, Baharan an- 1rini-a- ple- .(il+) +o +he char.e of m(l+iple fr(s+ra+e- m(r-er. 1he +rial co(r+ convic+e- +he +hree acc(se- .(il+) of +he complex crime of multiple murder and multiple frustrated
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

murder. In this appeal, acc(se--appellan+s Baharan an- 1rini-a- ar.(e +ha+ +he +rial co(r+ -i- no+ con-(c+ a
searchin. in6(ir) af+er +he) ha- chan.e- +heir plea from Hno+ .(il+)H +o H.(il+).H ! $e* @he+her or no+ accep+ance of +he plea of .(il+ of +he acc(se- is proper. ,e)%* 0+ has /een r(le- +ha+ Hall +rial C(-.es K m(s+ refrain from accep+in. wi+h alacri+) an acc(se-Ls plea of .(il+), for while C(s+ice -eman-s a spee-) a-minis+ra+ion, C(-.es are -(+) /o(n- +o /e e2+ra solici+o(s in seein. +o i+ +ha+ when an acc(se- plea-s .(il+), he (n-ers+an-s f(ll) +he meanin. of his plea an- +he impor+ of an inevi+a/le convic+ion.H= 1h(s, +rial co(r+ C(-.es are re6(ire- +o o/serve +he followin. proce-(re (n-er Sec+ion , #(le 11= of +he #(les of *o(r+, S3C! 4! 5lea of guilt& to ca ital offense- rece tion of evidence! . /hen the accused leads guilt& to a ca ital offense# the court shall conduct a searching in1uir& into the voluntariness and full com rehension of the conse1uences of his lea and shall re1uire the rosecution to rove his guilt and the recise degree of cul abilit&! "he accused ma& also resent evidence in his behalf! 1he s+rin.en+ proce-(re .overnin. +he recep+ion of a plea of .(il+, especiall) in a case involvin. +he -ea+h penal+), is impose- (pon +he +rial C(-.e in or-er +o leave no room for -o(/+ on +he possi/ili+) +ha+ +he acc(semi.h+ have mis(n-ers+oo- +he na+(re of +he char.e an- +he conse6(ences of +he plea. Li8ewise, +he re6(iremen+ +o con-(c+ a searchin. in6(ir) sho(l- no+ /e -eeme- sa+isfie- in cases in which i+ was +he -efense co(nsel who e2plaine- +he conse6(ences of a H.(il+)H plea +o +he acc(se-, as i+ appears in +his case. @e have rei+era+e- in a lon. line of cases +ha+ +he con-(c+ of a searchin. in6(ir) remains +he -(+) of C(-.es, as +he) are man-a+e- /) +he r(les +o sa+isf) +hemselves +ha+ +he acc(se- ha- no+ /een (n-er coercion or -(ressA mis+a8en impressionsA or a mis(n-ers+an-in. of +he si.nificance, effec+s, an- conse6(ences of +heir .(il+) plea. 1his re6(iremen+ is s+rin.en+ an- man-a+or). $ever+heless, we are no+ (nmin-f(l of +he con+e2+ (n-er which +he re-arrai.nmen+ was con-(c+e- or of +he fac+(al milie( s(rro(n-in. +he fin-in. of .(il+ a.ains+ +he acc(se-. 1he *o(r+ o/serves +ha+ acc(se- Baharan an- 1rini-a- previo(sl) ple- .(il+) +o ano+her char.e I m(l+iple m(r-er I /ase- on +he same ac+ relie- (pon in +he m(l+iple fr(s+ra+e- m(r-er char.e. 1he *o(r+ f(r+her no+es +ha+ prior +o +he chan.e of plea +o one of .(il+, acc(se- Baharan an- 1rini-a- ma-e +wo o+her confessions of .(il+ I one +hro(.h an e2+raC(-icial confession 3e2cl(sive +elevision in+erviews, as s+ip(la+e- /) /o+h acc(se- -(rin. pre+rial4, an- +he o+her via C(-icial a-mission 3pre+rial s+ip(la+ion4. *onsi-erin. +he fore.oin. circ(ms+ances, we -eem i+ (nnecessar) +o r(le on +he s(fficienc) of +he Hsearchin. in6(ir)H in +his ins+ance. #eman-in. +he case for re-arrai.nmen+ is no+ warran+e-, as +he acc(se-7s plea of .(il+ was no+ +he sole /asis of +he con-emna+or) C(-.men+ (n-er consi-era+ion.

Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 11 >a"% Exe#-te% fro# Covera'e of CAR2 RE"!BLIC O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, represented 85 t3e DE"ARTME T O( A#RARIA RE(ORM, t3rou63 t3e 'O . SECRETAR$ ASSER C. "A #A DAMA , Pe+i+ioner, vs. SAL&ADOR . LO"E4 A#RI-B!SI ESS COR".,-S LAB. represented 85 SAL&ADOR . LO"E4, )R., "resident and #eneral Mana6er, #espon-en+. ".#. $o. 15%%&G 'an(ar) 10, 2011 SE#E$O, (!) Fact * S(/Cec+ of +his pe+i+ion are fo(r parcels of lan- owne- /) S$L<B which were place- (n-er *omp(lsor) <c6(isi+ion p(rs(an+ +o #.<. ==G5 3*omprehensive <.rarian #eform Law4. S$L<B file- an applica+ion for e2emp+ion of +he lo+s in 6(es+ion alle.in. +ha+ sai- parcels of lan- are (se- for .ra:in. an- ha/i+a+ of pe+i+ioner7s ca++le, cara/aos, an- o+her lives+oc8s, prior +o +he effec+ivi+) of +he *omprehensive <.rarian #eform Law 3*<#L4. 1he ;<#O con-(c+e- an onsi+e inves+i.a+ion (pon +he lan- an- confirme- +he presence of +he lives+oc8 en(mera+e-. ?ence, +he ;<#O favora/l) recommen-e- for +he e2emp+ion from +he covera.e of *<#P +he lo+s in 6(es+ion. 1he D<# #e.ional Direc+or, af+er inspec+in. +he proper+ies, iss(e- an Or-er -en)in. +he applica+ion for e2emp+ion of +he o+her +wo on +he .ro(n- +ha+ i+ was no+ clearl) shown +ha+ +he same were ac+(all), -irec+l) an- e2cl(sivel) (se- for lives+oc8 raisin. since in i+s applica+ion, pe+i+ioner i+self a-mi++e- +ha+ i+ nee-s +he lo+s for a--i+ional .ra:in. area. 1he applica+ion for e2emp+ion, however of +he o+her +wo 324 parcels of lan- was approve-. ! $e* @he+her +he lan-s of S$L<B* can /e consi-ere- .ra:in. lan-s for i+s lives+oc8 /(siness an- are +h(s e2emp+efrom +he covera.e of +he *<#L. ,e)%* Yes. 0n L(: 9arms v. Secre+ar) of +he Depar+men+ of <.rarian #eform, +he *o(r+ -eclare- (ncons+i+(+ional +he *<#L provisions +ha+ incl(-e- lan-s -evo+e- +o lives+oc8 (n-er +he covera.e of +he *<#P. 1he +ranscrip+s of +he -eli/era+ions of +he *ons+i+(+ional *ommission of 1&%= on +he meanin. of +he wor- Ha.ric(l+(ralH showe+ha+ i+ was never +he in+en+ion of +he framers of +he *ons+i+(+ion +o incl(-e +he lives+oc8 an- po(l+r) in-(s+r) in +he covera.e of +he cons+i+(+ionall) man-a+e- a.rarian reform pro.ram of +he .overnmen+. 1G 1h(s, lan-s -evo+eSeverino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

+o +he raisin. of lives+oc8, po(l+r) an- swine have /een classifie- as in-(s+rial, no+ a.ric(l+(ral, an- +h(s e2emp+ from a.rarian reform. 1= 0n +he ins+an+ case, +he ;<#O in i+s oc(lar inspec+ion 22 fo(n- on +he Lope: lan-s several hea-s of ca++le, cara/aos, horses, .oa+s an- pi.s, some of which were covere- /) several cer+ifica+es of ownership. 1here were li8ewise s+r(c+(res on +he Lope: lan-s (se- for i+s lives+oc8 /(siness, s+r(c+(res consis+in. of +wo ch(+es where +he lives+oc8 were 8ep+ -(rin. ni.h++ime. 1he e2is+ence of +he ca++le prior +o +he enac+men+ of +he *<#L was posi+ivel) affirme- /) +he farm wor8ers an- +he overseer who were in+erviewe- /) +he ;<#O. *onsi-erin. +hese fac+(al fin-in.s an- +he fac+ +ha+ +he lan-s were in fac+ /ein. (se- for S$L<B*7s lives+oc8 /(siness even prior +o 1G '(ne 1&%%, +he D<# #e.ional Direc+or or-ere- +he e2emp+ion of +he Lope: lan-s from *<#P covera.e. 1he *o(r+ .ives .rea+ pro/a+ive val(e +o +he ac+(al, on-si+e inves+i.a+ion ma-e /) +he ;<#O as affirme- /) +he D<# #e.ional Direc+or. 1he *o(r+ fin-s +ha+ +he Lope: lan-s were in fac+ ac+(all), -irec+l) ane2cl(sivel) /ein. (se- as in-(s+rial lan-s for lives+oc8-raisin.. ?ence, +he *o(r+ loo8s wi+h favor on +he e2per+ise of +he ;<#O in -e+erminin. whe+her lives+oc8-raisin. on +he Lope: lan-s has onl) /een recen+l) con-(c+e- or has /een a .oin. concern for several )ears alrea-). </sen+ an) clear showin. of .rave a/(se of -iscre+ion or /ias, +he fin-in.s of +he ;<#O - as affirme- /) +he D<# #e.ional Direc+or - are +o /e accor-e.rea+ pro/a+ive val(e, owin. +o +he pres(mp+ion of re.(lari+) in +he performance of his official -(+ies. 1he *o(r+ affirms +he fin-in.s of +he D<# #e.ional Direc+or an- +he *o(r+ of <ppeals +ha+ +he Lope: lan-s were ac+(all), -irec+l) an- e2cl(sivel) /ein. (se- for S$L<B*7s lives+oc8 /(siness an-, +h(s, are e2emp+ from *<#P covera.e.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 12 Co##o" Carr&er ? Sta"%ar% of 4&)&'e"ce LOADMASTERS C!STOMS SER&ICES, I C., Pe+i+ioner, vs. #LODEL BRO%ERA#E COR"ORATIO and R9B I S!RA CE COR"ORATIO , #espon-en+s. ".#. $o. 15&!!= 'an(ar) 10, 2011 ;E$DOE<, '., Fact ) #MB 0ns(rance iss(e- marine ins(rance polic) in favor of *ol(m/ia +o ins(re +he shipmen+ of 1 2 /(n-les of elec+ric copper ca+ho-es a.ains+ <ll #is8s. 1he car.oes were shippe- on /oar- +he vessel H#ichar- #e)H from 0sa/ela, Le)+e, +o ;anila. 1he) arrive- on +he same -a+e. *ol(m/ia en.a.e- +he services of "lo-el for +he release an- wi+h-rawal of +he car.oes from +he pier an- +he s(/se6(en+ -eliver) +o i+s wareho(ses>plan+s. "lo-el, in +(rn, en.a.e- +he services of Loa-mas+ers for +he (se of i+s -eliver) +r(c8s +o +ranspor+ +he car.oes +o *ol(m/ia7s wareho(ses>plan+s in B(lacan an- Falen:(ela *i+). 1he .oo-s were loa-e- on /oar- owne- /) Loa-mas+ers, -riven /) i+s emplo)e- -rivers an- accompanie- /) i+s emplo)e- +r(c8 helpers. Of +he si2 +r(c8s en ro(+e +o B(lacan, onl) five 3G4 reache- +he -es+ina+ion. One 314 +r(c8, loa-e- wi+h +he car.os faile- +o -eliver i+s car.o. Beca(se of +his inci-en+, *ol(m/ia file- wi+h #MB 0ns(rance a claim for ins(rance in-emni+) in +he amo(n+ of #MB 0ns(rance pai- *ol(m/ia +he ins(rance in-emni+). #MB 0ns(rance, +hereaf+er, file- a complain+ for -ama.es a.ains+ /o+h Loa-mas+ers an- "lo-el /efore +he #1*-;anila. 0+ so(.h+ reim/(rsemen+ of +he amo(n+ i+ ha- pai- +o *ol(m/ia for +he loss of +he s(/Cec+ car.o. 0+ claime- +ha+ i+ ha- /een s(/ro.a+e- H+o +he ri.h+ of +he consi.nee +o recover from +he par+)>par+ies who ma) /e hel- le.all) lia/le for +he loss.H 1he #1* ren-ere- a -ecision hol-in. "lo-el lia/le for -ama.es for +he loss of +he s(/Cec+ car.o an- -ismissin. Loa-mas+ers7 co(n+erclaim for -ama.es an- a++orne)7s fees a.ains+ #MB 0ns(rance. Bo+h #MB 0ns(rance an"lo-el appeale- +he #1* -ecision +o +he *<. 1he appella+e co(r+ r(le- +ha+ Loa-mas+ers is an a.en+ of appellan+ "lo-el, wha+ever lia/ili+) +he la++er owes +o appellan+ #MB 0ns(rance *orpora+ion as ins(rance in-emni+) m(s+ li8ewise /e +he amo(n+ i+ shall /e pai- /) appellee Loa-mas+ers. 1h(s, Loa-mas+ers is li8ewise hel- lia/le +o appellan+ "lo-el. ?ence, Loa-mas+ers file- +he presen+ pe+i+ion for review on cer+iorari ar.(in. +ha+ i+ canno+ /e consi-ere- an a.en+ of "lo-el /eca(se i+ never represen+e- +he la++er in i+s -ealin.s wi+h +he consi.nee. ! $e* @ho, /e+ween "lo-el an- Loa-mas+ers, is lia/le +o pa) #MB 0ns(rance for +he amo(n+ of +he in-emni+) i+ pai*ol(m/iaN
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

,e)%* <+ +he o(+se+, i+ is well +o resolve +he iss(e of whe+her Loa-mas+ers an- "lo-el are common carriers +o -e+ermine +heir lia/ili+) for +he loss of +he s(/Cec+ car.o. Un-er <r+icle 15 2 of +he *ivil *o-e, common carriers are persons, corpora+ions, firms, or associa+ions en.a.e- in +he /(siness of carr)in. or +ranspor+in. passen.er or .oo-s, or /o+h /) lan-, wa+er or air for compensa+ion, offerin. +heir services +o +he p(/lic. Base- on +he aforeci+e- -efini+ion, Loa-mas+ers is a common carrier /eca(se i+ is en.a.e- in +he /(siness of +ranspor+in. .oo-s /) lan-, +hro(.h i+s +r(c8in. service. 0+ is a common carrier as -is+in.(ishe- from a priva+e carrier wherein +he carria.e is .enerall) (n-er+a8en /) special a.reemen+ an- i+ -oes no+ hol- i+self o(+ +o carr) .oo-s for +he .eneral p(/lic. 1he -is+inc+ion is si.nifican+ in +he sense +ha+ H+he ri.h+s an- o/li.a+ions of +he par+ies +o a con+rac+ of priva+e carria.e are .overne- principall) /) +heir s+ip(la+ions, no+ /) +he law on common carriers.H Loa-mas+ers an- "lo-el, are /ein. /o+h common carriers, are man-a+e- from +he na+(re of +heir /(siness anfor reasons of p(/lic polic), +o o/serve +he e2+raor-inar) -ili.ence in +he vi.ilance over +he .oo-s +ranspor+e/) +hem accor-in. +o all +he circ(ms+ances of s(ch case, as re6(ire- /) <r+icle 15 of +he *ivil *o-e. @hen +he *o(r+ spea8s of e2+raor-inar) -ili.ence, i+ is +ha+ e2+reme meas(re of care an- ca(+ion which persons of (n(s(al pr(-ence an- circ(mspec+ion o/serve for sec(rin. an- preservin. +heir own proper+) or ri.h+s. 1his e2ac+in. s+an-ar- impose- on common carriers in a con+rac+ of carria.e of .oo-s is in+en-e- +o +il+ +he scales in favor of +he shipper who is a+ +he merc) of +he common carrier once +he .oo-s have /een lo-.e- for shipmen+. 1h(s, in case of loss of +he .oo-s, +he common carrier is pres(me- +o have /een a+ fa(l+ or +o have ac+ene.li.en+l). 1his pres(mp+ion of fa(l+ or ne.li.ence, however, ma) /e re/(++e- /) proof +ha+ +he common carrier has o/serve- e2+raor-inar) -ili.ence over +he .oo-s. @i+h respec+ +o +he +ime frame of +his e2+raor-inar) responsi/ili+), +he *ivil *o-e provi-es +ha+ +he e2ercise of e2+raor-inar) -ili.ence las+s from +he +ime +he .oo-s are (ncon-i+ionall) place- in +he possession of, anreceive- /), +he carrier for +ranspor+a+ion (n+il +he same are -elivere-, ac+(all) or cons+r(c+ivel), /) +he carrier +o +he consi.nee, or +o +he person who has a ri.h+ +o receive +hem. Premises consi-ere-, +he *o(r+ is of +he view +ha+ /o+h Loa-mas+ers an- "lo-el are Coin+l) an- severall) lia/le +o # M B 0ns(rance for +he loss of +he s(/Cec+ car.o.

Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 1. ! $a"ce of a 0r&t of -o e &o" /efore the -o e or of the -ro-erty co$)% /e hear% o" her o--o &t&o" C'I A BA %I # COR"ORATIO , Pe+i+ioner, vs. ARMI S. ABEL, #espon-en+. ".#. $o. 1%2G!5 'an(ar) 10, 2011 <B<D, (!) Fact * 0n a foreclos(re sale, pe+i+ioner *hina Ban8in. *orpora+ion 3*hina Ban84 ac6(ire- +i+le 1 over respon-en+ <rmi S. </el7s proper+) in D(e:on *i+), she havin. faile- +o pa) her loan. 1o enforce i+s ownership, in *hina Ban8 file- wi+h +he #1* of D(e:on *i+) an ex arte pe+i+ion for +he iss(ance of a wri+ of possession in i+s favor. 1he +rial co(r+ .ran+e- +he Ban87s pe+i+ion an- iss(e- +he correspon-in. wri+ of possession over +he proper+). </el appeale- +he -ecision /(+ los+ her appeal in +he *<. 1he C(-.men+ /ecame final an- e2ec(+or an- even+(all) her case was reman-e- +o #1* for e2ec(+ion. Upon +he Ban87s mo+ion for e2ec(+ion an- fail(re of </el +o file her opposi+ion on sai- mo+ion, +he #1* iss(e- a wri+ of e2ec(+ion. 0n compliance wi+h +he co(r+7s or-er +he sheriff implemen+e- +he wri+ a.ains+ </el an- place- *hina Ban8 in possession of +he s(/Cec+ proper+). </el appealean- +he *< ren-ere- +he -ecision se++in. asi-e +he or-ers of +he #1* sa)in. +ha+ +he #1* commi++e- .rave a/(se of -iscre+ion in .ran+in. +he Ban87s mo+ion for e2ec(+ion no+in. +ha+ +he co(r+ .ave </el 10 -a)s from notice of i+s or-er, no+ 10 -a)s from +he iss(ance of s(ch or-er, wi+hin which +o file her opposi+ion. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he *< erre- in se++in. asi-e +he assaile- #1*7s Or-ers on +he .ro(n- of fail(re +o o/serve -(e process respec+in. </el7s ri.h+ +o /e hear- on +he /an87s mo+ion for e2ec(+ion. ,e)%* Yes. 1he *< erre- in a++ri/(+in. .rave a/(se of -iscre+ion +o +he #1*. <l+ho(.h +he #1* ca(se- +he iss(ance of +he wri+ of e2ec(+ion /efore i+ co(l- es+a/lish +ha+ </el7s 10 -a)s Hfrom no+iceH wi+hin which +o file her opposi+ion ha- lapse-, she file- wi+h +ha+ co(r+ an (r.en+ mo+ion for reconsi-era+ion wi+h her opposi+ion +o +he mo+ion for e2ec(+ion a++ache-. 1he *o(r+, ac+in. on her mo+ion, -enie- i+ on +he followin. -a). <n) perceive-enial of her ri.h+ +o /e hear- on +he /an87s mo+ion for e2ec(+ion ha- /een c(re- /) her mo+ion for reconsi-era+ion an- +he #1*7s ac+ion on +he same. 1r(e, </el .ave no+ice +o *hina Ban8 +ha+ she wo(ls(/mi+ her mo+ion for reconsi-era+ion for +he #1*7s consi-era+ion /(+ +ha+ no+ice is for +he /enefi+ of +he /an8, no+ for her, +ha+ i+ ma) /e hear- on +he ma++er. She canno+ complain +ha+ +he co(r+ ac+e- on her mo+ion more promp+l) +han she e2pec+e- especiall) since she ac+(all) offere- no le.i+ima+e reason for opposin. +he iss(ance of a wri+ of possession in +he /an87s favor. Or-ers for +he iss(ance of a wri+ of possession are iss(e- as a ma++er of co(rse (pon +he filin. of +he proper mo+ion an- approval of +he correspon-in. /on- since no -iscre+ion is lef+ +o +he co(r+ +o -en) i+. 1he #1*7s
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

iss(ance of s(ch wri+ conforma/l) wi+h +he e2press provisions of law canno+ /e re.ar-e- as -one wi+ho(+ C(ris-ic+ion or wi+h .rave a/(se of -iscre+ion. S(ch iss(ance /ein. minis+erial, i+s e2ec(+ion /) +he sheriff is li8ewise minis+erial. 0n +r(+h, +he /an8 has faile- +o +a8e possession of +he proper+) af+er more +han seven )ears on acco(n+ of </el7s le.al mane(verin.s.

JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 11 !))e'a) Recr$&t#e"t &" )ar'e ca)e "EO"LE O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, <ppellee, vs. TERESITA :TESSIE: LAO#O, <ppellan+. ".#. $o. 15=2=! 'an(ar) 10, 2011 F0LL<#<;<, '#., (!) Fact * <ppellan+ 1eresi+a H1essieH Lao.o was +he proprie+or an- mana.er of Lao.o 1ravel *ons(l+anc), a +ravel a.enc) firm. <n 0nforma+ion was file- a.ains+ Lao.o an- a cer+ain S(san $avarro 3S(san4 crime of 0lle.al #ecr(i+men+ 3Lar.e Scale4. S(san invi+e- several in-ivi-(als +o cele/ra+e +he +own fies+a. <ppellan+ was amon. +he several .(es+s in S(san7s ho(se -(rin. +he sai- occasion. <ccor-in. +o +he complainan+s, S(san was in+ro-(ce- +o +hem as some/o-) who co(l- help +hem fin- wor8 a/roa-. S(san, on +he o+her han-, ma-e a represen+a+ion +ha+ she is an emplo)ee of Lao.o7s +ravel cons(l+anc). 1hereaf+er, S(san +ol- +hem +o fill (p an applica+ion an- .ave her mone) as placemen+ fee. B(+ mon+hs passe- an- hear- no+hin. from S(san nor from +he Lao.o7s +ravel cons(l+anc). 1he) verifie- wi+h +he POE< +he s+a+(s of +he Lao.o7s 1ravel *ons(l+anc) an- learne- +ha+ nei+her of +he acc(se- nor Lao.o 1ravel was license- +o recr(i+ wor8ers for emplo)men+ a/roa-. <..rieve-, #o.elio, +o.e+her wi+h his si2 companions, file- +he complain+ a.ains+ S(san an- appellan+. D(rin. +he +rial, appellan+ -enie- an) par+icipa+ion in +he ille.al ac+ivi+ies (n-er+a8en /) S(san. She insis+e- +ha+ S(san was no+ in an) wa) connec+ewi+h her +ravel a.enc) an- +ha+ she confron+e- +he la++er when she came +o 8now of S(san7s recr(i+men+ ac+ivi+ies. <ppellan+ claime- +ha+ she even ha- +o rename her +ravel a.enc) +o #en: *ons(l+anc) anEmplo)men+ Services +o avoi- /ein. associa+e- wi+h S(san7s recr(i+men+ ac+ivi+ies. Unsa+isfie- wi+h appellan+7s e2plana+ion, +he +rial co(r+ prom(l.a+e- a Decision fin-in. her .(il+) of lar.e scale ille.al recr(i+men+. On appeal, +he *< affirme- +he appellan+7s convic+ion. ?ence, +his presen+ appeal. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he appellan+ conscio(sl) an- ac+ivel) par+icipa+e- in +he recr(i+men+ of +he complainan+s. ,e)%* Yes. #ecr(i+men+ an- placemen+ refers +o +he ac+ of canvassin., enlis+in., con+rac+in., +ranspor+in., (+ili:in., hirin. or proc(rin. wor8ers, an- incl(-es referrals, con+rac+ services, promisin. or a-ver+isin. for emplo)men+, locall) or a/roa-, whe+her for profi+ or no+. @hen a person or en+i+), in an) manner, offers or promises for a fee emplo)men+ +o +wo or more persons, +ha+ person or en+i+) shall /e -eeme- en.a.e- in recr(i+men+ anplacemen+. <r+icle %3a4 of +he La/or *o-e, as amen-e-, specifies +ha+ recr(i+men+ ac+ivi+ies (n-er+a8en /) non-licensees or non-hol-ers of a(+hori+) are -eeme- ille.al an- p(nisha/le /) law. <n- when +he ille.al recr(i+men+ is commi++e- a.ains+ +hree or more persons, in-ivi-(all) or as a .ro(p, +hen i+ is -eeme- commi++ein lar.e scale an- carries wi+h i+ s+iffer penal+ies as +he same is -eeme- a form of economic sa/o+a.e.

Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

B(+ +o prove ille.al recr(i+men+, i+ m(s+ /e shown +ha+ +he acc(se-, wi+ho(+ /ein. -(l) a(+hori:e- /) law, .ave complainan+s +he -is+inc+ impression +ha+ he ha- +he power or a/ili+) +o sen- +hem a/roa- for wor8, s(ch +ha+ +he la++er were convince- +o par+ wi+h +heir mone) in or-er +o /e emplo)e-. 0+ is impor+an+ +ha+ +here m(s+ a+ leas+ /e a promise or offer of an emplo)men+ from +he person posin. as a recr(i+er, whe+her locall) or a/roa-. 0n +he presen+ case, /o+h +he +rial co(r+ an- +he *< fo(n- +ha+ all +he five complainan+s were promise- +o /e sen+ a/roa- /) S(san an- herein appellan+ as coo8s an- assis+an+ coo8s. 1he follow (p +ransac+ions /e+ween appellan+ an- her vic+ims were -one insi-e +he sai- +ravel a.enc). ;oreover, all fo(r receip+s iss(e- +o +he vic+ims /ear +he name an- lo.o of Lao.o 1ravel *ons(l+anc), wi+h +wo of +he sai- receip+s personall) si.ne- /) appellan+ herself. 0n-(/i+a/l), appellan+ an- her co-acc(se- ac+in. +o.e+her ma-e complainan+s /elieve +ha+ +he) were +ransac+in. wi+h a le.i+ima+e recr(i+men+ a.enc) an- +ha+ Lao.o 1ravel *ons(l+anc) ha- +he a(+hori+) +o recr(i+ +hem an- sen- +hem a/roa- for wor8 when in +r(+h an- in fac+ i+ ha- none as cer+ifie- /) +he POE<. </sen+ an) showin. +ha+ +he +rial co(r+ an- +he *< overloo8e- or misapprecia+e- cer+ain si.nifican+ fac+s ancirc(ms+ances, which if properl) consi-ere-, wo(l- chan.e +he res(l+, we are /o(n- /) sai- fin-in.s. JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 15 Cha&" of C$ to%y of cor-$ %e)&ct&. "EO"LE O( T'E "'ILI""I ES, <ppellee, vs. L!IS "A)ARI 5 DELA CR!4 and E(RE "ALLA$A 5 T!&IERA, <ppellan+s. ".#. $o. 1&0=!0 'an(ar) 12, 2011 <B<D, (!) Fact * 1he *i+) Prosec(+or of ;anila char.e- +he acc(se- PaCarin an- Palla)a /efore +he #1* of ;anila in viola+ion of +he *omprehensive Dan.ero(s Dr(.s <c+ of 2002. < /()-/(s+ opera+ion was con-(c+e- /) police opera+ives. PO2 0/ane:, as an in+eres+e- /()er, /o(.h+ shabu from +he +wo appellan+s, (sin. +he mar8e- PG00.00 /ill. @hen +he alle.e- +ransac+ion was comple+e- /e+ween +he pos(er-/()er an- +he acc(se-, +he o+her mem/ers of +he /()-/(s+ +eam apprehen-e- +he +wo acc(se- an- searche- +he scoo+er of +he acc(se- an- recovere- ano+her sache+ of sha/(. 1he) +hen /ro(.h+ +he acc(se- +o +heir s+a+ion. 1he arres+in. officers +(rne- over +he sei:es(spec+e- sha/( +o PO #oel Yo(n. who mar8e- +he plas+ic sache+ sei:e- from +he scoo+er wi+h +he le++ers H3"5#H an- +he sache+ PaCarin han-e- over wi+h +he le++ers H 67C5!H 1he #1* fo(n- /o+h acc(se- .(il+) of +he crime char.e-. On appeal +o +he *<, i+ ren-ere- a -ecision affirmin. +he #1* -ecision, hence +he presen+ appeal +o +his *o(r+. <ppellan+s chiefl) ar.(e +ha+ +he police officers involve- in +he /()-/(s+ opera+ion faile+o compl) wi+h Sec+ion 21 3a4, <r+icle 00 of +he 0mplemen+in. #(les an- #e.(la+ions of #.<. &1=G, which re6(ires +hem +o +a8e imme-ia+e inven+or) of an- pho+o.raph +he sei:e- i+em in +he presence of +he acc(se- or his represen+a+ive or responsi/le +hir- persons men+ione- /(+ alwa)s +a8in. care +ha+ +he in+e.ri+) anevi-en+iar) val(e of +he sei:e- ar+icles are preserve-. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he *< erre- in no+ e2cl(-in. +he evi-ence of +he sei:e- sha/( on +he .ro(n- +ha+ +he prosec(+ion faile- +o prove +heir in+e.ri+) /) es+a/lishin. +he chain of c(s+o-) of +he same (n+il +he) .o+ +o +he +rial co(r+. ,e)%* 1he *o(r+ has hel- in n(mero(s cases +ha+ +he fail(re of +he police +o compl) wi+h +he proce-(re lai- -own in #.<. &1=G wo(l- no+ ren-er voi- +he sei:(re of +he prohi/i+e- s(/s+ance for as lon. as +he apprehen-in. officers .ive C(s+ifia/le reason for +heir imperfec+ con-(c+ an- show +ha+ +he in+e.ri+) an- evi-en+iar) val(e of +he confisca+e- i+ems ha- no+ /een compromise-. ?ere, +he prosec(+ion faile- +o show +ha+ +he s(/s+ances alle.e-l) sei:e- from +he acc(se- were +he same s(/s+ances presen+e- in co(r+ +o prove +heir .(il+. Us(all), +he sei:ear+icle chan.es han-s from +he police officer who +a8es i+ from +he acc(se-, +o +he s(pervisin. officer a+ +heir s+a+ion, +o +he messen.er who /rin.s +hem +o +he police crime la/ora+or), an- +hen +o +he co(r+ where i+ is a--(ce- as evi-ence. Since c(s+o-) an- possession chan.e over +ime, i+ has /een hel- in-ispensa/le +ha+ +he officer who sei:e- +he ar+icle places i+ in a plas+ic con+ainer (nless i+ is alrea-) in one, seals i+ if )e+ (nseale-, an- p(+s his mar8in. on +he cover. 0n +his wa) +here is ass(rance, (pon inspec+ion, +ha+ +he s(/s+ance reaches +he la/ora+or) in +he same con-i+ion i+ was sei:e- from +he acc(se-. ?ere, +he police officers -i- no+ mar8 +he seale- plas+ic sache+s +o show +ha+ +he) were +he same +hin.s +he) +oo8 from +he acc(se-. #a+her, +he mar8in. on +he i+ems were -one /) +he s+a+ion inves+i.a+or who wo(l- have no wa) of 8nowin. +ha+ +he s(/s+ances were reall) sei:e- from +he acc(se-. 1he mar8in. of cap+(re- i+ems imme-ia+el) af+er +he) are sei:e- from +he acc(se- is +he s+ar+in. poin+ in +he c(s+o-ial lin8. 1his s+ep is vi+al /eca(se s(ccee-in. han-lers of +he specimens will (se +he mar8in.s as reference. 9ail(re +o place s(ch mar8in.s
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

paves +he wa) for swappin., plan+in., an- con+amina+ion of +he evi-ence. 1hese lapses serio(sl) cas+ -o(/+ on +he a(+hen+ici+) of +he cor us delicti, warran+in. ac6(i++al on reasona/le -o(/+. 0+ is a serio(s concern +ha+ 6(i+e of+en +he fail(re of +he police +o o/serve +he r(les .overnin. /()-/(s+ opera+ions res(l+s in ac6(i++als. Dr(. enforcemen+ a.encies sho(l- con+in(all) +rain +heir officers an- a.en+s +o o/serve +hese r(les an- +ransfer o(+ +hose who wo(l- no+. 1he prosec(+ors con-(c+in. preliminar) inves+i.a+ion sho(l- no+ file in co(r+ -r(.s cases where +he sworn s+a+emen+s of +he police officers, +he repor+ of +he chemical anal)s+, an- +he o/Cec+ evi-ence -o no+ show compliance wi+h +he same. <n- +rial co(r+s sho(l- or-er +he case -ismisse- an- +he acc(se- releasefrom -e+en+ion if on e2amina+ion +he s(ppor+in. -oc(men+s are wan+in. in +his respec+. 1he) sho(l- no+ was+e +heir precio(s +ime +o (seless e2ercise where +he police an- +he prosec(+ion fail +o o/serve +he r(le of law especiall) in so serio(s offenses. JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 16 Re;$& &te &" a0ar% of act$a) %a#a'e re-re e"t&"' )o Exce-t&o" . of ear"&"' ca-ac&ty of the v&ct&# &" ;$a &@%e)&ct?

LETICIA TA , M$R A MEDI A, MARILO! S"OO ER, ROSALI DA TA , and MAR$ )A E TA , MAR$ L$ TA , CELEDO IO TA , )R., MAR$ )O$ TA , and MAR% ALLA TA , represented 3erein 85 t3eir mot3er, LETICIA TA , Pe+i+ioners, vs. OMC CARRIERS, I C. and BO I(ACIO ARAMBALA, #espon-en+s. ".#. $o. 1&0G21 'an(ar) 12, 2011 B#0O$, (!) Fact * 1he pe+i+ioners file- a complain+ for -ama.es wi+h +he #1* a.ains+ O;* an- Bonifacio <ram/ala. 1he complain+ s+a+es +ha+ <ram/ala was -rivin. a +r(c8 wi+h a +railer owne- /) O;*. @hen <ram/ala no+ice- +ha+ +he +r(c8 ha- s(--enl) los+ i+s /ra8es, he +ol- his companion +o C(mp o(+. Soon +hereaf+er, he also C(mpe- o(+ an- a/an-one- +he +r(c8. Driverless, +he +r(c8 ramme- in+o +he ho(se an- +ailorin. shop owne- /) pe+i+ioner Le+icia 1an an- her h(s/an- *ele-onio 1an, ins+an+l) 8illin. *ele-onio who was s+an-in. a+ +he -oorwa) of +he ho(se a+ +he +ime. 1he pe+i+ioners alle.e- +ha+ +he collision occ(rre- -(e +o O;*7s .ross ne.li.ence in no+ properl) main+ainin. +he +r(c8, an- +o <ram/ala7s rec8lessness when he a/an-one- +he movin. +r(c8. 1h(s, +he) claime- +ha+ +he respon-en+s sho(l- /e hel- Coin+l) an- severall) lia/le for +he ac+(al -ama.es +ha+ +he) s(ffere-. 1he respon-en+s -enie- an) lia/ili+) for +he collision, essen+iall) claimin. +ha+ +he -ama.e +o +he pe+i+ioners was ca(se- /) a for+(i+o(s even+, since +he +r(c8 s8i--e- -(e +o +he slipper) con-i+ion of +he roaca(se- /) spille- mo+or oil. #1* r(le- in favor of +he pe+i+ioners an- awar-e- ac+(al an- compensa+or) an- for +he loss of +he earnin. capaci+) of +he vic+im, moral, e2emplar) an- a++orne)7s fees. On appeal, +he *< affirme+he #1*7s fin-in.s on +he iss(es of +he respon-en+s7 ne.li.ence an- lia/ili+) for -ama.es. ?owever, +he *< mo-ifie- +he -ama.es awar-e- +o +he pe+i+ioners /) re-(cin. +he ac+(al -ama.es awar-. 1he *< also -ele+e+he #1*7s awar- for loss of earnin. capaci+). 1he *< e2plaine- +ha+ +he pe+i+ioners faile- +o s(/s+an+ia+e *ele-onio 1an7s claime- earnin. capaci+) wi+h reasona/le cer+ain+)A no -oc(men+ar) evi-ence was ever presen+e- on +his poin+. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he pe+i+ioners are en+i+le- are en+i+le- +o ac+(al -ama.es for +he loss of *ele-onio 1an7s earnin. capaci+). ,e)%* $o. @hile pe+i+ioners a-mi+ +ha+ +he) -i- no+ s(/mi+ an) -oc(men+ar) evi-ence +o s(/s+an+ia+e +he claim of loss of earnin. capaci+), +he pe+i+ioners poin+ o(+ +ha+ *ele-onio 1an was (n-isp(+a/l) a self-emplo)e- +ailor who owne- a small +ailor shopA in his line of wor8, no -oc(men+ar) evi-ence is availa/le. 1he *< was correc+ in -isallowin. +he awar- of ac+(al -ama.es for loss of earnin. capaci+). Dama.es for loss of earnin. capaci+) are awar-e- p(rs(an+ +o <r+icle 220= of +he *ivil *o-e, which s+a+es +ha+, <r+icle 220=. 1he amo(n+ of -ama.es for -ea+h ca(se- /) a crime or 6(asi--elic+ shall /e a+ leas+ +hree +ho(san- pesos, even +ho(.h +here ma) have /een mi+i.a+in. circ(ms+ances. In addition) (%) "he defendant shall be liable for the loss of the earning ca acit& of the deceased# and the indemnit& shall be aid to the heirs of the latter- such indemnit& shall in ever& case be assessed and awarded b& the court# unless the deceased on account of ermanent h&sical disabilit& not caused b& the defendant# had no earning ca acit& at the time of his death! <s a r(le, -oc(men+ar) evi-ence sho(l- /e presen+e- +o s(/s+an+ia+e +he claim for loss of earnin. capaci+). B) wa) of e2cep+ion, -ama.es for loss of earnin. capaci+) ma) /e awar-e- -espi+e +he a/sence of -oc(men+ar) evi-ence when, 314 +he -ecease- is self-emplo)e- an- earnin. less +han +he minim(m wa.e (n-er c(rren+ la/or laws, in which case, C(-icial no+ice ma) /e +a8en of +he fac+ +ha+ in +he -ecease-Ls line of wor8, no -oc(men+ar) evi-ence is
Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!

availa/leA or 324 +he -ecease- is emplo)e- as a -ail) wa.e wor8er earnin. less +han +he minim(m wa.e (n-er c(rren+ la/or laws. <ccor-in. +o +he pe+i+ioners, prior +o his -ea+h, *ele-onio was a self-emplo)e- +ailor who earne- appro2ima+el) P1G=,000.00 a )ear, or P1 ,000.00 a mon+h. <+ +he +ime of his -ea+h, +he prevailin. -ail) minim(m wa.e was P1!G.00, or P ,550.00 per mon+h, provi-e- +he wa.e earner ha- onl) one res+ -a) per wee8. Even if we +a8e C(-icial no+ice of +he fac+ +ha+ a small +ailorin. shop normall) -oes no+ iss(e receip+s +o i+s c(s+omers, an- wo(lpro/a/l) no+ have an) -oc(men+ar) evi-ence of +he income i+ earns, *ele-onio7s alle.e- mon+hl) income of P1 ,000.00 .rea+l) e2cee-e- +he prevailin. mon+hl) minim(m wa.eA +h(s, +he e2cep+ion se+ for+h a/ove -oes no+ appl). JANUARY 10, 2011 TO FEBRUARY 25, 2011 CASE NO. 17 J$r& %&ct&o" of the O/#$% #a" a"% the Sa"%&'a"/aya" A TO IO M. CARA DA #, Pe+i+ioner, vs. 'O ORABLE A IA O A. DESIERTO, O((ICE O( T'E OMB!DSMA , #espon-en+. ".#. $o. 1!%05= 'an(ar) 12, 2011 BE#S<;0$, (!) Fact * Pe+i+ioner <n+onio ;. *aran-an. 3*aran-an.4 challen.es +he C(ris-ic+ion over him of +he Om/(-sman an- of +he San-i.an/a)an on +he .ro(n- +ha+ he was /ein. hel- +o acco(n+ for ac+s commi++e- while he was servin. as .eneral mana.er an- chief opera+in. officer of #a-io Philippines $e+wor8, 0nc. 3#P$4, which was no+ a .overnmen+-owne- or -con+rolle- corpora+ionA hence, he was no+ a p(/lic official or emplo)ee. #o/er+o Bene-ic+o, s+oc8hol-er of #P$, a priva+e corpora+ion ce-e- all his shares +o +he "overnmen+ +hro(.h +he P*"" when +he la++er se6(es+ere- #P$7s proper+ies. 1hereaf+er *aran-an. ass(me- office as .eneral mana.er an- chief opera+in. officer of +he #P$. *aran-an. an- o+her #P$ officials were char.e- wi+h .rave miscon-(c+ /efore +he Om/(-sman. 1he char.e alle.e- +ha+ *aran-an., in his capaci+) as +he .eneral mana.er of #P$, ha- en+ere- in+o a con+rac+ wi+h <9 Broa-cas+in. 0ncorpora+e- -espi+e his /ein. an incorpora+or, -irec+or, an- s+oc8hol-er of +ha+ corpora+ionA +ha+ he ha- +h(s hel- financial an- ma+erial in+eres+ in a con+rac+ +ha+ ha- re6(ire- +he approval of his officeA an- +ha+ +he +ransac+ion was prohi/i+e- (n-er Sec+ion 5 3a4 anSec+ion & of #ep(/lic <c+ $o. =51 3*o-e of *on-(c+ an- E+hical S+an-ar-s for P(/lic Officials anEmplo)ees4, +here/) ren-erin. him a-minis+ra+ivel) lia/le for .rave miscon-(c+. *aran-an. so(.h+ +he -ismissal of +he a-minis+ra+ive char.e on +he .ro(n- +ha+ +he Om/(-sman ha- no C(ris-ic+ion over him /eca(se #P$ was no+ a .overnmen+-owne- or -con+rolle- corpora+ion. ?owever, +he Om/(-sman s(spen-e*aran-an. from his posi+ions in #P$ an- even+(all) fo(n- him .(il+) of .rave miscon-(c+ an- or-ere- his -ismissal from +he service. ! $e* @he+her or no+ +he Office of +he Om/(-sman has C(ris-ic+ion over +he herein pe+i+ioner. ,e)%* $o. 1he concl(sion +ha+ *aran-an. was a p(/lic official /) vir+(e of his havin. /een appoin+e- as .eneral mana.er an- chief opera+in. officer of #P$ /) Presi-en+ Es+ra-a -eserves no consi-era+ion. Presi-en+ Es+ra-a7s in+erven+ion was merel) +o recommen- *aran-an.7s -esi.na+ion as .eneral mana.er an- chief opera+in. officer of #P$ +o +he P*"", which +hen cas+ +he vo+e in his favor vis-O-vis sai- posi+ions. Un-er +he circ(ms+ances, i+ was #P$7s Boar- of Direc+ors +ha+ appoin+e- *aran-an. +o his posi+ions p(rs(an+ +o #P$7s B)-Laws. 0n fine, *aran-an. was correc+ in insis+in. +ha+ /ein. a priva+e in-ivi-(al he was no+ s(/Cec+ +o +he a-minis+ra+ive a(+hori+) of +he Om/(-sman an- +o +he criminal C(ris-ic+ion of +he San-i.an/a)an.

Severino, Emilia D. PSU-School of Law Bar Ops 2 SY 201 -201!