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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
OF MUTUAL FUNDS
Submitted by: -
Sushil Kumar (85)
NEED OF VALUATION METHOD
Mutual fund is calculated on the basis point of Net
Asset Value of investments by funds.
b) are uniform across the fund types and AMCs to the extent possible
Uniform valuation practices ensure that everyone can compare the performance of
different schemes and AMCs without worrying about whether the fund valuation
practices may be different from one scheme to another.
Traded securities : For traded securities, the basis of valuation is mark to market.
Calculation of NAV: It is the market value of the assets of the scheme minus its liabilities.
For example:
This is further averaged with the company’s net worth of 8 to give a value of
Rs. 7 per share, i.e. (6+8)/2
Thinly-Traded securities.
Valued at the last quoted market price on the stock exchange where it is
principally traded used for its valuation.
If not traded, then take the value at which it was traded on the earliest
previous day provided it is not more than 15 days prior to valuation date.
Thus,
(A):- MONEY MARKET SECURITIES AND DEBT
SECURITIES UPTO 182 DAYS TO MATURITIES.
Non trade debt securities residual maturity upto182 days should
be valued and same as money market securities. these securities
are valued on the basis of amortization of purchase cost plus
accrued interest till the beginning, plus diff between the
redemption value and the purchase cost that uniformly over the
remaining maturity period of instrument.
STEP:-A
A Risk Free Benchmark Yield is calculated to using Gsec ,
GOI Sec as the base, as they are traded regularly.
STEP:-B
The difference between the two yields is the ‘spread’ over
the benchmark yield.
STEP:-C
Yield so used for valuation adjusted to reflect the ‘illiquidity
risk’ of a security.
STEP:-D
The Yield so arrived for all categories of securities are used
to price the portfolio.
If Yields for any categories of securities cannot be obtained
using any or all of the above steps, then a fund may use the
credit spreads from trades on appropriate stock exchange of
the relevant rating category over the AAA securities’ trades.
Call money, bill purchased under
rediscounting and short term deposits
with banks are valued at cost, plus accrued
interest.
CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES AND
BONDS:
Non-convertible component is valued as a debt
instrument, and convertible as any equity instrument.
If, after conversion, the resultant equity instrument
would be traded pari passu with an existing twhich is
traded, the value of the latter instrument can be
adopted after an appropriate discount for the non-
tradability of the instrument during the period
preceding the conversion.
The securities with both Put and Call options on the same
day would be deemed to mature on the Put/Call day and
would be valued accordingly.
VALUATION AND DISCLOSURE OF ILLIQUID
SECURITIES
SEBI instruct that: -
Aggregate value of “illiquid securities” of a scheme, defined
as non-traded, thinly traded and unlisted equity shares, shall
not exceed 15% of the total asset of an open-end scheme,
and 20% of a close-end fund. Illiquid securities held in
excess of the limit have to be assigned zero value.
A = P*(1+R/100)^N
Given -:
P = Principal Invested,
A = Maturity Value of investment,
N = Periods of investment in year’s,
R = Annualized compound rate in %
The growth in maturity value can be converted to average
annualized return as follows :
R=[(Nth root of A/P) - 1)*100
Return on investment or Total return with dividends
reinvested at NAV -:
2. DEBT FUNDS :
A Debt market Index should be used and depends on the kind
of debt that comprises the portfolio.
Different indices are available for benchmarking debt funds –
a) I – SEC : Its I – Bex index used by some analyst to track Govt.
securities performance. There are 4 indices – Li-bex, Mi-bex, Si-
bex, a Composite Index.
b) CRISIL : has 8 indices, 4 primary indices track the prices of
underlying securities & 4 derived indices based on the primary
indices.
c) NSE : has designed a Govt. Securities Index and a Treasury Bills
Index, tracks either market price movements or total return
index (both interest accruals & capital gains or losses).
2. CRISIL ranks both debt and equity funds, and nearly all
categories of schemes.