Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
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Speedy and efficient information processing is crucial to our socially and highly developed technology. Computer can help the intolerable burden of handling the ever increasing amount or information with government department, public services and business concerns expected to contain because of their ability to analyze information as well as to retain, update and reproduce it because of their versality to present it in a variety of forms. This may also to some extent lead to problems occurring due to information explosion.
About Project
POST O !C" wor#s in every wal# of our life. Through the automation of this system one can easily generate the information about the customer available and also about the old records. or this efficient software the first and the foremost thing is that all the re$uirements should be #nown before hand and the developer should devote its effort for the completion of that re$uirement which are demanded by the customer should be fulfilled. This system can be used in various education departments and can distribute the copies of the system among the management and staff members for the re$uired information of their customer. This very handy pro%ect for any user and includes following features& ' (aving customer information and total amount payable or the help of user it displays each and every detail about re$uired topics )aintains all the old record for later reference (ave provision for automatic update as per the status
ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM !t models the functioning of the data and their relationship. STATE TRANSITION DIAGRAM !t models the time dependent behavior of the system.
PRLIMINARY DESIGN 8 This activity deals with certain design issues, which are to be finalized in consultation with user. The two most common design issues of relevance to the user are the automation boundary and the human machine interface. The output of the activity is the user implementation model. The ma%or part of the user implementation model is the specification for the user interface of the proposed system. The user implementation model is also referred to as the physical model of the proposed system. The model, in addition to the essential model, defines the following for the proposed system& .. 2. 5. 7. ;. 9utomation boundary :eport layouts +ayouts of the source documents Screen +ayouts for the data entry form )enu
SYSTEM DESIGN System design involves transformation of the user implementation model into software design. The design specifications of the proposed system consist of mainly database schema. IMPLEMENTATION This activity includes programming, testing and integration of modules into a progressively more complete system. ACCEPTANCE TEST GENERATION This activity generates a set of data that can be used to test the new system before accepting it. QUALITY ASSURANCE 9ssurance is also #nown as final testing. This activity re$uires, as its input acceptance test data generated in acceptance test generation and an integrated system produced by implementation.
Advanta !" #$ POST OFFICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM+ .. This system will improve the performance of the company. 2. !t reduces the tedious %obs li#e reluctant wor#, long procedures, automated report generation, up to date information. 5. !t will improve the Post Office )anagement, since all the information is available whenever re$uired. 7. !t provides $uic# processing thus helps in transaction and updating in master records can be performed in few records. ;. !t provides accurate output. =. !t gives fast answer of $ueries. >. The amount of paper is reduced. 0. 6etter security /. "conomical. .?. 6etter Control.
2ava t##-"
!n order to write %ava application or applets, one needs more than a language. The tools that lets one to write, test, debug programs.
2ava $!at'(!"
Compiler and !nterpreted Platform independent
Simple Secure amiliar Portable Ob%ect'Oriented :obust )ultithreaded (igh performance *istributed *ynamic
C#*/,-!( and Int!(/(!t!d - There is a %ava compiler, named %avac. The %ava compiler ta#es input source code files -these files typically have the ext.%ava1 and converts them into compiled bytecode files. The %ava !nterpreter #nown as %avac can be used to execute %ava application .The interpreter translates bytecode directly into program actions. P-at$#(* ,nd!/!nd!nt - Cava programs can be easily moved from one computer to another, anywhere and anytime. Changes and upgrades made in operating systems, processors and system resources will not force any changes in %ava programs. S,*/-! - Cava is designed to be easy for programmer to learn and use efficiently. S!&'(!- Ghen we use a %ava compatible web browser, we can safely download %ava applets without fear of virus infection. Cava achieves this protection by confining a %ava program to %ava execution environment and not allowing it access to other parts of the computer. Fa*,-,a(- !t is modeled on C, CFF languages. Cava code loo#s li#e CFF. P#(ta0-!- Cava compiler generates bytecode instructions that can be implemented on any machine and also the size of the primitive data types are machine independent. O04!&t-O(,!nt!d - Cava is a true ob%ect'oriented language. 9ll program code and data reside within ob%ects and classes. R#0'"t -!t provides many safeguards to ensure reliable code. !t has strict compile time and run time chec#ing for data types. *esigned as a garbage'collected language relieving the programmers and also incorpates the concept of exception handling which captures series errors. )ultithreaded ' Cava supports handling multiple tas#s simultaneously, this greatly improves the interactive performance of graphical applications. H, % /!($#(*an&! - Cava performance is impressive for an interpreted language, mainly due to use of immediate bytecode. <se of multithreaded and further its architecture are also designed to reduce overheads during runtime.
D,"t(,0't!d - !t has ability to share both data and programs. Cava applications can open and access remote ob%ects on !nternet, which enables multiple programmers at multiple remote locations to collaborate and wor# together on single pro%ect. D)na*,& - Cava is capable of dynamically in new class libraries, methods and ob%ects .!t supports functions written in other languages li#e C, CFF called as native methods. A't#*at,& a(0a ! &#--!&t,#n - One idea behind CavaHs automatic memory management model is that programmers should be spared the burden of having to perform manual memory management. !n some languages the programmer allocates memory to create any ob%ect stored on the heap and is responsible for later manually reallocating that memory to delete any such ob%ects. !f a programmer forgets to reallocate memory or writes code that fails to do so in a timely fashion, a memory lea# can occur& the program will consume a potentially arbitrarily large amount of memory. !n addition, if a region of memory is de allocated twice, the program can become unstable and may crash. !n Cava, this potential problem is avoided by automatic garbage collection. The programmer determines when ob%ects are created and the Cava runtime is responsible for managing the ob%ectsH lifecycle. The program or other ob%ects can reference an ob%ect by holding a reference to it -which, from a low'level point of view, is its address on the heap1. Ghen no references to an ob%ect remain, the Cava garbage collector automatically deletes the unreachable ob%ect, freeing memory and preventing a memory lea#. )emory lea#s may still occur if a programmerHs code holds a reference to an ob%ect that is no longer neededIin other words, they can still occur but at higher conceptual levels. Comparing Cava and CFF, it is possible in CFF to implement similar functionality -for example, a memory management model for specific classes can be designed in CFF to improve speed and lower memory fragmentation considerably1, with the possibly cost of extra development time and some application complexity. !n Cava, garbage collection is built in and virtually invisible to the developer. That is, developers may have no notion of when garbage collection will ta#e place as it may not necessarily correlate with any actions being explicitly performed by the code they write. *epending on intended application, this can be beneficial or disadvantageous& the programmer is freed from performing low'level tas#s but at the same time lose the option of writing lower level code.
In%!(,tan&! - !nheritance is the process by which ob%ects of one class ac$uire the property of ob%ects of another class. "ach subclass inherits state .(owever, subclasses are not limited to the states and behaviors provided to them by their superclass.Subclasses can add variables and methods to the ones they inherit from the superclass. !t supports the concept of hierarchical classification it also provides the use of reusability. P#-)*#(/%,"* - This means the ability to ta#e more than one form. 9n operation may exhibit different behavior in different instances. The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation. !t plays an important role in allowing ob%ects having different internal structures to share external interface.
2D3C A(&%,t!&t'(!
The C*6C 9P! contains two ma%or sets of interfaces& the first is the C*6C 9P! for application writers, and the second is the lower'level C*6C driver 9P! for driver writers. C*6C technology
drivers fit into one of four categories. 9pplications and applets can access databases via the C*6C 9P! using pure Cava C*6C technology'based drivers, as shown in this figure&
Left side, Type 4: Direct-to-Database Pure Java Driver This style of driver converts C*6C calls into the networ# protocol used directly by *6)Ss, allowing a direct call from the client machine to the *6)S server and providing a practical solution for intranet access. Right side, Type 3: Pure Java Driver for Database Middle are This style of driver translates C*6C calls into the middleware vendorHs protocol, which is then translated to a *6)S protocol by a middleware server. The middleware provides connectivity to many different databases. The graphic below illustrates C*6C connectivity using O*6C drivers and existing database client libraries.
Left side, Type !: JD"#-$D"# "ridge plus $D"# Driver This combination provides C*6C access via O*6C drivers. O*6C binary code 8 and in many cases, database client code '' must be loaded on each client machine that uses a C*6C'O*6C 6ridge. Sun provides a C*6C'O*6C 6ridge driver, which is appropriate for experimental use and for situations in which no other driver is available. Right side, Type %: & 'ative &P( partly Java tech'ology-e'abled driver This type of driver converts C*6C calls into calls on the client 9P! for Oracle, Sybase, !nformix, *62, or other *6)S. Bote that, li#e the bridge driver, this style of driver re$uires that some binary code be loaded on each client machine.
Ind'"t() M#*!nt'*
+eading database, middleware and tool vendors have been building support for C*6C technology into many new products. This ensures that customers can build portable Cava applications while choosing from a wide range of competitive products for the solution best suited to their needs.
Baming and *irectory !nterface -CB*!1 naming service. Lero configurations for clients support the networ# computing paradigm and centralize software maintenance.
7!) F!at'(!"
Full Access to Metadata The C*6C 9P! provides metadata access that enables the
development of sophisticated applications that need to understand the underlying facilities and capabilities of a specific database connection.
!n addition to this important advantage, *ata Source ob%ects can provide connection pooling and distributed transactions, essential for enterprise database computing. This functionality is provided transparently to the programmer.
Data D!$,n,t,#n Lan 'a ! (DDL) **+ statements are used to describe the tables
and the data they contain. The subset of SJ+ statements used for modeling the structure -rather than the contents1 of a database or cube. The **+ gives you the ability to create, modify, and remove databases and database ob%ects.
Data Man,/'-at,#n Lan 'a ! (DML) *)+ statements that are used to operate on
data in the database. These are statements that allow you to create or alter ob%ects -such as tables, indexes, views, and so on1 in the database. The subset of SJ+ statements used to retrieve and manipulate data. *)+ can be further divided into 2 groups&' Select Statements 8 Statements that return a set of results. "verything else 8 Statements that donAt return a set of results.
(ere are some of the $ueries defined&' Select - SJ+ statement used to re$uest a selection, pro%ection, %oin, $uery, and so on, from a SJ+ Server database8
P(,*a() .!) Primary #ey constraints identify the column or set of columns whose values uni$uely identify a row in a table. Bo two rows in a table can have the same primary #ey value. ,ou cannot enter a B<++ value for any column in a primary #ey. In"!(t - The !nsert logical operator inserts each row from its input into the ob%ect specified in the 9rgument column. To insert the data into a relation we either specify a tuple to be inserted or write a $uery. D!-!t! - The *elete logical operator deletes from an ob%ect rows that satisfy the optional predicate in the 9rgument column. Ge can delete only whole tuples3 we cannot delete values on only particular attributes8 U/dat! - The <pdate logical operator updates each row from its input in the ob%ect specified in the 9rgument column. !t provides a way of modifying existing data in a table update statement do not return a result set, they merely modify data in the database.
SWING
SG!B4 is a set of classes that provides powerful and flexible functionality. !n addition with several components provided by 9GT, swing supplies several exciting additions, including tabbed panes, scroll panes, trees and tables. !t also changes the images as the state of any component changes. Swing is built upon the foundation of the 9GT. Swing components are written entirely in Cava and
therefore are Platform'independent .Swing is also termed also light'weight and provide pluggable loo# and feel. There are 2 Swing classes that are $uite important& 2$(a*! and C#*/#n!nt Cframe extends the 9GT class rame. !t contains additional features that enable it to support Swing components. CComponent extends the 9GT component and Container classes. !t is the top level class for all Swing components and provides Swing pluggable loo# and feel. (ere are some of the Swing component classes& S(8 N#8 . 2 5 7 ; = > 0 / .? C#nt(#- 9 D!"&(,/t,#n C+abel 9 C+abel ob%ect is a component for placing text in a container. C6utton This class creates a labeled button. CChec#6ox 9 CChec#6ox is a graphical component that can be in either an on -true1 or off -false1 state. C:adio6utton The C:adio6utton class is a graphical component that can be in either an on -true1 or off -false1 state. !n a group. C+ist 9 C+ist component presents the user with a scrolling list of text items. CCombox 9 CCombo6ox component presents the user with a to show up menu of choices. CText ield 9 CText ield ob%ect is a text component that allows for the editing of a single line of text. CPassword ield 9 CPassword ield ob%ect is a text component specialized for password entry. CText9rea 9 CText9rea ob%ect is a text component that allows for the editing of a multiple lines of text. !mage!con 9 !mage!con control is an implementation of the !con interface that paints !cons from !mages CScrollbar 9 Scrollbar control represents a scroll bar component in order to enable user to select from range of values. COptionPane COptionPane provides set of standard dialog boxes that prompt users for a value or informs them of something.
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