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A abrasion damagesurface deterioration caused by rubbing and friction against the surface. abrasiveany hard, strong substance, such as rocks, sand, water, or minerals, that will cut, scour, pit, erode, or polish another substance. abrasive blastinga process for roughening, cleaning, or finishing a surface by propelling an abrasive medium at high velocity against it; commonly used methods include sandblasting, shotblasting, and high-pressure water blasting. accelerated agingdeteriorating a material at a faster-than-normal rate by subjecting the material to specified accelerated test conditions. accelerator(1) a substance which, when added to a cementitious material, increases the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement, shortens the time of setting, or increases the rate of hardening, strength development, or both; (2) any substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction. acceptance testa test conducted to determine whether an individual lot of materials conforms to specifications or to determine the degree of uniformity of the material, or both. acid etchingapplication of acid to clean or alter a concrete surface; typically used only when no alternative means of surface preparation can be used. acoustic emissionsounds, both audible and subaudible, that are generated when a material undergoes irreversible changes, such as cracking in concrete; provides the basis for a nondestructive monitoring technique. acoustic impacta method used to detect the presence of delaminations or subsurface voids in concrete based on the sounds made by the concrete upon impact. (See also chain drag and sounding.) acrylic resinone of a group of thermoplastic resins formed by polymerization of the esters or amides in acrylic d; used in concrete maintenance and repair as a surface sealer or bonding agent. activatora material that actuates a catalyst. active cracksthose cracks for which the mechanism causing the cracking is still at work; any crack that is still moving. adhesionthe bonding of two surfaces through interfal effects such as molecular (valence) forces or interlocking action, or both. adhesive failurea rupture of an adhesive bond such that the separation appears to be between the adhesive and one or both of the adherends. (See also cohesive failure.) adhesivesthe group of materials used to cause similar or dissimilar materials to cohere. admixturea material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, or fiber reinforcement, added to concrete, mortar, or grout, during batching or mixing to enhance plastic or hardened material properties, or both.
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