SMALL SIGNAL MODEL OF CONVERTER Small signal model are used to recover the output from the noise

spikes, small variation in source or load and linearize the converter transfer function. So small signal model was chosen compared to the averaged model [8]. In order to make small signal analysis, the variables , d and the output voltage are assumed to be varying over the study state values with small amount of perturbations (11) (12)

The small signal model of the converter assuming perturbation and after initialization is as followed L C Taking Laplace transform, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

(13) (14)

( )

( )

(15) (16)

Where is the input voltage; , the output voltage; , the inductor current; D, the duty cycle; L, the filter inductance; C is the filter capacitance. VOLTAGE FEEDBACK CONTROLLER DESIGN In voltage mode PWM, the feedback output voltage fed to an error amplifier whose output is the difference between a voltage reference and feedback output voltage. In closed loop system, the duty ratio is determined by the compensated amplifier error signal. The lead compensator is preferred to meet the desired specification i.e. phase margin and the steady state error . The controller transfer function H(s) was introduced to obtain the desired specification. The desired phase margin is obtained from designed compensator as Eq. (17). The attenuator 1/ is introduced with compensator to nullify the gain due to lead compensator network. ( )
( ( ) ) ( ( ) )

(17)

The designed compensator for voltage feedback is given in Fig. 4.

CURRENT FEEDBACK CONTROLLER DESIGN Current mode PWM works in a similar fashion but with a key difference. It senses current that flowing through the load. Current mode control has good operational properties within certain limits. An increase in reference voltage will increase the duty ratio without altering the output current. The desired phase margin and stability is obtained from Eq. (18). Conventional dominant pole frequency is employed [15] to stabilize the output of high voltage power supply. A pole zero pair is placed such that pole starts at zero frequency and that zero frequency lies below the dominant pole frequency. This increases the frequency gain guaranteeing good load regulation. The overall compensator incorporating H(s) is implemented by means of operational amplifier as shown in Fig. 5. ( )
( ( ) ) ( ( ) )

(18)

For a system to be stable the loop gain must fall below unity by the time, total phase shift of the system reaches . The power stage filter has the corner frequency of 6.41 kHz and gain decreases with -40dB slope starting from corner frequency. Dominant pole frequency and the overall loop gain are selected such that the loop gain crosses the zero dB line at 11 kHz with -20 dB slope. Matlab package has been used for designed and validating the feedback controllers for the system. The present work proves that the two loop controller designed does not need any advanced microcontroller and can be implemented with simple OP-AMP circuit. The entire control has been implemented with two OP-AMP ICs, LM324 and few resistors and capacitors. The total component cost of the controller circuit alone is