Dynamics and Mechanics D3

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1) 2 blocks of mass 0.30kg and 0.20kg are moving toward each other along a frictionless horizontal surface with speeds of 0.50 ms 1 and 1.00 ms 1 respectively. a. If the blocks collide and stick together, find their final velocity b. Find the loss of kinetic energy during the collision c. Find the final velocity of each block if the collision is perfectly elastic 2) A bullet of mass 10g strikes a ballistic pendulum of mass 20 kg. The centre of mass of the pendulum rises a vertical distance of 12cm. Assuming the bullet remains embedded in the pendulum, calculate its initial speed. What fraction of the original energy remains as kinetic energy after the collision? 3) Boris, a 2.0 kg cat, is capable of jumping onto a table 1.0m high, a. What vertical take-off speed is he capable of attaining? He can also attain this speed horizontally if he does a leap from a fixed platform. Knowing this, he attempts to jump to land from a floating canoe of mass 40 kg, failing to realize that the canoe is not a fixed platform.

b. This time vb and vc are the speeds of Boris and the canoe respectively away from their common centre of mass: in other words, relative to the land. Write down an equation relating vb and vc . c. Assuming that Boris can still impart 20J to himself and the canoe together, find a value for vb . Hence explain why Boris could easily misjudge how far he can jump and land in the water. 4) A nuclide of mass 2.41 20 25 kg emits an alpha particle of kinetic energy 2.93 10 13 J. Taking the mass of an alpha particle to be 6.68 10 27 kg, calculate a. The emission speed of the alpha particle b. The recoil speed of the daughter nuclide c. The kinetic energy carried by the daughter nuclide d. The kinetic energy carried by the daughter nuclide as a fraction of the total kinetic energy released 5) When an alpha particle rebounds off a gold nucleus after a head-on collision, as in the alpha particle scattering experiment, the collision can be described as elastic.

Take the mass of an alpha particle to be 4u and the mass of a gold nucleus to be 197u. Assuming that the gold nucleus is free and unattached, (1u = 1.66 10 27 kg) a. Find the ratio of the speed of the gold nucleus after collision to the speed of the incoming alpha particle b. Show that approximately 8% of the initial energy of the alpha particle would be transferred to the gold nucleus 6) A car of mass 810Kg traveling at a steady speed crashes into a rigid wall. From the time at which the car hits the wall until it stops, the engine compartment is crushed so the main body of the car continues to move forward. The figure shows how the retarding force on the main body of the car varies with time from the initial impact (t=0) a. How much momentum does the car lose during the impact? b. What is the velocity of the car at the instant of impact? c. Sketch a graph of the velocity of the main body of the car against time until it came to rest.

7) Explain the significance of these situations using physics: a. Cars have crumple zones designed to collapse progressively on impact b. Tennis players try to follow through when striking the ball 8) A body of mass 2kg is moving on a horizontal surface with a speed of 1.4 ms 1 in a north-easterly direction. A force of 0.2N acting in a westerly direction is applied to the body for 10s. If friction is negligible, with what speed will the body move off? 9) A motor car collides with a crash barrier when traveling at 100 kmh 1 and is brought to rest in 0.1s. If the mass of the car and its occupants is 900 kg, calculate the average force on the car by a consideration of momentum. Because of the seat belt, the movement of the driver, whose mass is 80kg, is restricted to 0.20m, relative to the car. Calculate the average force exerted by the belt on the driver. 10) Gas is emitted from the rear of a toy rocket at a rate of 0.1 kgs 1 . The speed of the gas relative to the rocket is 50 ms 1 and the mass of the rocket is 2kg. What is the acceleration of the rocket? 11) A machine gun fires bullets of mass 0.01kg at a speed of 1.2 10 3 ms 1 . If the person firing the gun can exert an average force of up to 80N against the gun, calculate the maximum number of bullets that he can fire per minute. Sketch a

force-time graph for the push of the gun on the persons shoulder and show what is meant by the average force. 12) As show in the diagram below, 2 trolleys P and Q of masses 0.50kg and 0.30kg respectively are held together on a horizontal track against a spring which is in a state of compression.

When the spring is released the trolleys separate freely and P moves to the left with an initial velocity of 6 ms 1 . Calculate a. Initial velocity of Q b. Initial total KE of the system after the spring is released c. The initial velocity of Q if trolley P is held still when the spring under the same compression as before is released d. For the situation in part c, the total momentum of the system of trolleys is not conserved. Why is that so? 13) An initially stationary uranium nucleus decays by changing to a thorium nucleus and emitting an alpha particle at a speed of 1.4 107 ms 1 . Calculate the recoil speed of the thorium nucleus. Data: Mass of uranium atom = 238u, thorium atom = 234u, alpha particle = 4u, u = 1.66 10 27 kg 14) A ball of mass 2kg, traveling at 1.5 ms 1 , catches up and collides head on with another ball of mass 3kg traveling at 0.8 ms 1 in the direction of the first ball. If the collision is perfectly elastic, calculate for each ball a. The velocity after the collision b. The change in momentum Why is the change in momentum for each ball the same in magnitude but opposite in direction? 15) A bullet of mass 10g traveling horizontally at a speed of 200 ms 1 embeds itself in a block of wood of mass 990g suspended by strings so that it can swing freely. Find a. The vertical height through which the block rises b. The amount of the bullets kinetic energy that is converted to internal energy.
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