2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test What is this? This test contains forty questions/problems/puzzles.

Some of these items have multiple parts, and some of these items have only one part. The number of points each item is worth is given in square brackets next to the item number, throughout the test. The maximum possible score on this test is 90 points. Who can participate? Any student or sponsor associated with your chapter can help to solve the problems. However, you may not consult alumni, parents, or any other humans outside of your chapter. That being said, you may use the internet/calculators/books/etc., provided that you do not get help from another human (e.g. asking a question on an internet forum would not be allowed). How do we do this? You have until November 6, 2013 at 11:59pm EST to email your answers to 2013interschool@gmail.com You must submit the answers using the answer document available under the Downloads section of oridamao.org (presumably the same place you downloaded this test). You can open the document with Microsoft Excel, Openoce Calc, or Google Docs. If you have any questions about the test (e.g. think a question is awed) or if you are having issues using the answer document, you may email that address during the testing period and a response will be given (if appropriate). Note well! Throughout this test, the notation x denotes the oor function (also known as the greatest integer function). Good luck and more importantly, have fun!

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2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [1] 1. The numbers 2013, 2014, and 2015 all have the same number of divisors. What is the smallest natural number n such that n, n + 1, and n + 2 all have the same number of divisors? [1] 2. Consider circle O with radius r . There is a square ABCD such that points A and B are on the circumference of O and CD is tangent to O. If the sum of the areas of circle O and square ABCD is 2013, determine r . [1] 3. There exists a function f (x ) such that f (sin4 + cos4 ) = sin8 + cos8 for all . Find f (2013). [1] 4. Suppose a and b are real numbers such that a 2 3b 2 = 3a2 b2 = What is a2 + b2 ? [2] 5. For how many integers 1 n 100 is
4

530 a 954 b

2n + n ! also an integer? n+1

[1] 6.
0

m 16 cos 2x dx = arctan , where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. What is m + n? 9 cos 4x n

[1] 7. Consider the set S containing all 24-tuples (x1 , x2 , , x24 ) of integers such that 0 xk k for 1 k 24 and x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + + 24x24 = 2450 Let (x1 , x2 , , x24 ) be the average of all 24-tuples in S . What is x1 + x2 + + x24 ? [2] 8. For ABC , AB + BC + AC = 61 cos A + cos B + cos C = What is |AB cos C + BC cos A + AC cos B |? [2] 9. A permutation {a1 , a2 , , a8 } of the numbers {2, 3, 4, , 9} is called relative if gcd(ak , ak +1 ) = 1 for 1 k 7. How many relative permutations are there? [1] 10. Two points A and B are chosen randomly from the inside of a circle 1 . Circle 2 is the circle with diameter AB . What is the probability that 2 is contained entirely within 1 ? [2] 11. In the expression 1 2 3 2012 2013 each is randomly lled with either a plus or minus sign. For example, a possible value for the expression is | 1 + 2 3 + 4 2011 + 2012 2013| = 1005. What is the expected value of the expression? Page 2 of 11 3 11

2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [3] 12. Chords AB and CD of an ellipse intersect at focus F . If AF = 3, CF = 4, and BF = 5, what is DF ? [2] 13. Let Hn = 1 + 1 1 1 + + + . Evaluate 2 3 n
n n

lim

k =1

Hk Hn 2 . k 2

[3] 14. A physicist designs a chamber shaped like an equilateral triangle and built with perfectly reective walls. He then cuts a small hole at each vertex of the chamber and aims a laser into the chamber through one of these vertices such that the laser beam makes an angle of with the side of the chamber closest to the beam (so that 0 < < 30 ). Each vertex of the chamber is also outtted with a photodiode that can detect when the laser beam is directed through it. If m is the largest value of for which the laser beam reects 2013 times within the chamber before tripping a photodiode, nd tan m . [3] 15. Let P (x ) be the polynomial of degree 2012 such that P (k ) = k ! for k = 0, 1, 2, , 2012. What is the remainder when P (2013) is divided by 1000? [3] 16. Francisco has a box with 2013 scraps of paper, each scrap labeled with a distinct number from 1 to 2013. He randomly chooses two scraps of paper from the box, suppose with the rst scrap labeled m and the second scrap labeled n. He then erases the label n on the second scrap, relabels the second scrap m (so that both scraps are now labeled m), and places both scraps back in the box. What is the expected number of times must Francisco repeat this process in order for all scraps in the box to be labeled with the same number? [2] 17. Let f : N N be the function such that f (d ) = n 2
d |n

for all natural numbers n. That is, the sum of f (d ) over all divisors d of n equals n2 . For example, setting n = 6 yields f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + f (6) = 36. What is f (10!)? [3] 18. Suppose f (x ) and g (x ) are nonconstant, innitely dierentiable functions satisfying the equations f (x ) g (x ) + =1 f (x ) g (x ) f (x ) g (x ) f (x ) g (x ) + = + f (x ) g (x ) f (x ) g (x ) for all x with f (x )g (x ) = 0. Evaluate f (2013) g (2013) + . f (2013) g (2013)

[ 1] 19. Its time for a game theory classic! Provide a real number n from the interval (0, 2013] as your |2n 3n| answer. If n is the average of all answers provided, each school will receive 1 points. 4026 Page 3 of 11

2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [ 2] 20. Consider the number N = 201320132013201320 + 201320132013201313 + 1 Provide a prime divisor d of N as your answer. The school(s) with the largest correct answer will be awarded |d dmax | 2 points. All other schools with correct answers will receive 2 1 points, where dmax is the N largest correct answer given by a school. [ 3] 21. Zoe has a valid 16 digit credit card number. The last eight digits of Zoes credit card number are 5903 4723. The rst eight digits of her number consist of the numerals 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 in some order. Provide a list of N guesses for her credit card number as your answer, with N 8! = 40320. If Zoes credit card number is not in a schools list, this school will be awarded 0 points. Of the schools whose lists contain Zoes credit card number, the school with the smallest value for N will be awarded 3 points. All other |N Nmin | schools whose lists contain the correct number will receive 3 1 points, where Nmin is the 40320 size of the smallest list containing Zoes number that is given by a school. (Note: no worries, Zoe. I didnt use your actual credit card number.) [2] 22. In the following Skyscrapers puzzle, ll each cell of the 6 by 6 grid with a digit from 1 to 6 so that no digits repeat in a given row or column. Each number in the grid also represents the height of a building, and the clues on the outside of the grid indicate how many buildings can be seen when viewing the grid from that direction. As in a real city, taller buildings block the view of smaller buildings behind them. For example, if a row contained the numbers 615324, then only one building is visible from the left (6), but three buildings are visible from the right (4, 5, 6). As your answer to this question, provide the numbers in the row marked A, followed by the numbers in the row marked B .

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2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [2] 23. The answer is YOFVHSEBR in QDOZD.

V = ct 2 u = j v qz = 1 1 A = r s sin T 2 F L = dHJ = c( y y= 2q
2 n 2 1)

v
0

un =

q 2

o = cn + s T = 2qh Q = CHJ
[1 for each part] 24. Answer the following about math in movies: (a) This graph can be seen in a lm in which the main character nds its adjacency matrix. Name the movie and calculate the determinant of the graphs adjacency matrix.

(b) One lm uses the example ignore the blonde to illustrate a particular concept in game theory. Name the movie and the concept. (c) This integral can be seen in a lm in which the main character solves it using the tic-tac-toe method. Name the movie and evaluate the indenite integral. x 2 sin x dx Page 5 of 11

2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [2] 25. In a game of Pok emon Sapphire, you are attempting to catch the legendary Pok emon Kyogre. Having battled Kyogre down to 4% of its initial HP, your Psyduck uses Hypnosis, causing Kyogre to fall asleep. This sleep status ailment aects Kyogre for exactly three turns before he wakes up. Though your Psyduck lacks the PP to use Hypnosis again, he has more than enough HP to withstand Kyogres attacks indenitely. Assuming that from the moment Kyogre rst falls asleep, you throw a single standard Pok e Ball each turn, what is the expected number of standard Pok e Balls necessary to capture Kyogre? Any answer with an error of at most 0.5 Pok e Balls will be accepted. [3] 26. Researchers at SETI recently intercepted the following message sent to Earth by what appears to be an advanced, semi-hostile alien civilization: resistance is nearly futile deduce our weapon override sequence from the facts below or perish FF0000FFFF00000000 A52A2AFF0000A52A2A EE82EEFF0000A52A2A 008000000000FF0000 FFFF00000000FFA500 FFA5004169E1FFFF00 FFA5004169E1008000 FFA500FFFFFF4169E1 FFFF00EE82EEEE82EE [][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][] 808080EE82EEFFFFFF Provide the override sequence as your answer and save the world. [2] 27. While attempting to track down and steal the centuries-old treasure of Leonhard Euler, internationally wanted thief Carmen Sandiego nds herself in the following location. Where in the world is Carmen Sandiego?

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2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [3] 28. Time just keeps tickin clockwise/ this game of life pushin on/ tell me when my cells get a r-r-r-reset/ how many generations til the second dawn? - MC John Conway

[1 for each part] 29. All three have a number in common. What is it? (a) Lewis Carroll, Douglas Adams, Jackie Robinson (b) Jim Carrey, John Forbes Nash, Julius Caesar (c) Jay-Z, Toto, Goldnger (d) Henry Fonda, Bruce Willis, Steve Martin (e) Jack Skellington, Mega Man, Stanley Yelnats (f) Mitt Romney, David Oxtoby, Asano Naganori [1] 30. The island of Logicia is inhabited by three types of people: knights, who always tell the truth; knaves, who always lie; and normals, who sometimes tell the truth and sometimes lie. In addition, there is an honor-based system of ranking; knights are said to be of the highest rank, normals of middle rank, and knaves of the lowest rank. During your travels, you meet three Logicians named Alex, Bradley, and Chico. One of them is a knight, one is a knave, and one is normal. When you attempt to make polite conversation, you receive the following cryptic responses: Alex: Bradley is of a higher rank than Chico. Bradley: Chico is of a higher rank than Alex. Though neither of these responses answer your initial question of how do you do today?, you decide to play along and ask Chico: who has a higher rank, Alex or Bradley? What does Chico answer? [1] 31. Theres a little bit of space left on this page, so I gure we can t in a quick puzzle. Which of the following words is the odd one out? repertoire, torturous, galahad, proprietor, alfalfa, typewriter, agfall

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2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [3] 32. Wake up, soldier! No time for lazing about and dilly-dallying at Math Boot Camp. There are conjectures to be made! Proofs to be written! Now drop down and solve me fty; fty partial dierential equations, that is. And while youre at it, lets check if youve been paying any attention at all. Whos my favorite mathematician?

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2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [1 for each part] 33. Each of the following excerpts is from an important mathematical work. Name each work and its corresponding author(s). (a) A point is that which has no part. A line is breadthless length. (b) From this proposition it will follow, when arithmetical addition is dened, that 1 + 1 = 2. (c) But in our opinion, truths of this kind should be drawn from notions rather than notations. (d) The alternation of motion is ever proportional to the motive force impressed; and is made in the direction of the right line in which that force is impressed. [2] 34. In the following chess puzzle, it is whites turn to move. Is it possible for white to force a checkmate? If so, what is the minimum number of turns in which white can do so?

[3] 35. Over the past decade, the NSA has spent billions of dollars developing a new encryption technique, a function known only by the codename f36 . This function takes two integers as its input and outputs the word encoded within those integers. As consulting cryptographer, its your job to verify the ecacy of the encoding method, given a few values of f36 : f36 (22, 35) = m f36 (887, 1295) = on f36 (15941, 46655) = cat f36 (1040453, 1679615) = math f36 (45856895, 60466175) = raven f36 (839608811942, 2821109907455) = applepie f36 (66050999355866, 101559956668415) = nevermore f36 (68108012021675783102, 170581728179578208255) = edgarallenpoe

Unfortunately for the NSA, you manage to crack the code in just an hour. What is the unique ordered pair of integers (a, b) such that f36 (a, b) = prettyweaknsa? Page 9 of 11

2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [2 for part a, 1 for parts b and c] 36. (a) Each digit of the following long division has been replaced either by a dot or the letter A. Every occurrence of the letter A represents the same unique digit. Every dot simply indicates a digit (dots do not necessarily represent the same digit). None of the dots are the A digit. What is the dividend of the division problem?

(b) Let
1

f (n ) =
0

xn 1 dx ln x

Evaluate exp(f (3) + f (4) + f (5)), where exp(x ) = e x . (c) Who is the connection between these two problems? [1] 37. Adam, Brian, Cathy, and Duchenka happen upon a river in the middle of the night. Theres a narrow bridge across the river, but it only holds at most two people at a time. Since its pitch black outside, a torch must be used for each crossing (and of course, the group only has one torch). Adam can cross the bridge alone in 1 minute; Brian can cross alone in 2 minutes; Cathy in 5 minutes; and Duchenka in 10 minutes. If two people cross the bridge together, they must cross at the pace of the slower person. What is the minimum amount of time in which the whole group can cross the bridge? [2] 38. In Russian, a males middle name is his patronymic; that is, his middle initial is the rst letter of his fathers rst name. And, as expected, the rst initial is the rst letter of his rst name. Consider the names of all the males in a Russian family: A.N. Petrov B.M. Petrov G.K. Petrov N.M. Petrov K.M. Petrov K.T. Petrov M.M. Petrov N.T. Petrov T.M. Petrov M.N. Petrov N.K. Petrov

Given that every father has two sons, the patriarch of the family has four grandsons, and the patriarchs grandsons have two sons each, determine the patriarch. Page 10 of 11

2013 FAMAT Fall Interschool Test [1 for each part] 39. Answer the following questions about the university that I attend. (a) What is the university that I attend? (b) At my university, where does the course Honors Analysis in Rn meet each week? (building and room number) (c) Name one of the three Fields Medalists that are currently associated with my university. (d) Let S be the set of all course numbers corresponding to mathematics classes oered by my university. What is the largest element of S ? (e) One of the following facts about my university is false. Which one? i. The saltwater school of economics has historically been defended by economists at my university. ii. The author of Cats Cradle received his masters degree from my university. iii. The rst self-sustaining nuclear reaction was conducted under the football eld at my university. iv. The behavioralist approach to political science originated at my university. [2] 40. This is obviously necessary.

[1] 41. Thanks for participating in the 2013 Fall Interschool, and good luck during the x = 32 23 7 + 503 2 FAMAT season! To collect your free point, simply provide x as your answer to this question. Page 11 of 11